NO854789L - Belegg med interferensfarger. - Google Patents
Belegg med interferensfarger.Info
- Publication number
- NO854789L NO854789L NO854789A NO854789A NO854789L NO 854789 L NO854789 L NO 854789L NO 854789 A NO854789 A NO 854789A NO 854789 A NO854789 A NO 854789A NO 854789 L NO854789 L NO 854789L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- film
- silver
- stainless steel
- metal oxide
- transparent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 guid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000971 Silver steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009436 residential construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3607—Coatings of the type glass/inorganic compound/metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3613—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/metal/inorganic compound/metal/other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3642—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing a metal layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3652—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
- C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0015—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterized by the colour of the layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/085—Oxides of iron group metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/087—Oxides of copper or solid solutions thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/18—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
- Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår generelt transparente belegg og mer spesielt flersjiktsfargede transparente belegg, spesielt for bruk på glassprodukter med arkitektonisk anvendelse.
Slike produkter med metalliske og/eller metalloksydfilmer får stadig økende betydning etter hvert som energibehovet for oppvarming og avkjøling blir dyrere. Belagte glassprodukter av denne type faller generelt innen to kategorier, solarenergikontroll, samt belagte produkter med høy transmittans og lav emisjon.
Solarenergikontrollglassprodukter er generelt glassubstratet, ofte tonede, belagt med et lavtransmittansfarget film som reduserer solarenergitrans-mitans gjennom vinduene til det indre. av bygningene for derved å redusere luftkondisjoneringsomkostningene. Disse produkter er mest effektive i områder med varmt klima og oftes sett i kommersielle konstruksjoner. I områder der oppvarmingsomkostningene er av større betydning og spesielt i boligkonstruksjoner, er høy høytransmittansbelegg med lav emisjon ønskelige for å tillate høy transmittans av synlig lys til det indre mens infrarød stråling reflekteres for å holde varmen inne. Høytransmittans og lavemisjonsbelegg er karakteristisk flersjiktsfilmer hvori et infrarødt reflekterende metall slik som sølv, gull eller kobber, ligger mellom antireflekterende metalloksydsjikt slik som bismut, indium-og/eller tinnoksyder. Solarenergikontrollfilmer er karakteristisk på den andre side enkelsjiktsfilmer av ett eller flere av metaller eller oksyder av metaller slik som kobolt, jern, krom, nikkel, kobber osv.
Våtmetoder for fremstilling av metalliske filmer for solarenergikontroll er velkjente fra US-PS 3.846.152; 4.091.172; 3.723.158 og 3.457.138. Pyro-lytiske metoder for fremstilling av metalloksydfilmer for solarenergikontroll er velkjente fra US-PS 3.660.061; 3.658.568; 3.978.272 og 4.100.330.
Sputtringsteknologier for å fremstille høytransmittans, lavemisjonsfler-sjiktsbelegg er beskrevet i US-PS 4.462.884 og 4.508.789. Sputtrings-teknikker for å oppnå solarkontrollfilmer er beskrevet i US-PS 4.512.863.
US-PS 4.022.947 beskriver en transparent plate i stand til å transmittere en ønsket andel synlig stråling under samtidig refleksjon av en stor
Viktig informasjon
Av arkivmessige grunner har Patentstyret for denne allment tilgjengelige patentsøknad kun tilgjengelig dokumenter som inneholder håndskrevne anmerkninger, kommentarer eller overstrykninger, eller som kan være stemplet "Utgår" eller lignende, vi har derfor måtte benytte disse dokumentene til skanning for å lage en elektronisk utgave.
Håndskrevne anmerkninger eller kommentarer har vært en del av saksbehandlingen, og skal ikke benyttes til å tolke innholdet i dokumentet.
Overstrykninger og stemplinger med "Utgår" e.l. indikerer at det under saksbehandlingen er kommet inn nyere dokumenter til erstatning for det tidligere dokumentet. Slik overstrykning eller stempling må ikke forstås slik at den aktuelle delen av dokumentet ikke gjelder.
Vennligst se bort fra håndskrevne anmerkninger, kommentarer eller overstrykninger, samt eventuelle stemplinger med "Utgår" e.l. som har samme betydning.
andel innfallende solarbestråling, og en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling derav ved sputtring av en jern-, nikkel- og kromlegering for å oppnå en transparent metallfilm, og reaktivt å sputtre den samme eller en tilsvar-ende legering i nærvær av oksygen for å danne en oksydfilm. I en foretrukken utføreslesform ligger metallfilmen mellom substratet og melloksydfilmen. I en annen foretrukken utførelsesform ligger metalloksydfilmen mellom substratet og metallfilmen.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse involverer en solarenergikontrollfilm avsatt på et substrat slik som glass ved katodesputtring, fortrinnsvis magnetronsputtring. Filmen omfatter et sjikt av et reflekterende metall og et sjikt av et farget metallforbindelse, fortrinnsvis et metalloksyd. Det metalliske sjikt gir lyshet og reflektivitet, mens metalloksydsjiktet kan varieres i relativ tykkelse for å tilveiebringe, et .antall reflekterte farger ved interferenseffekter. Fordi i tillegg metalloksydet ifølge oppfinnelsen viser signifikant absorpsjon med en spesiell bølgelengde, kan en ønsket farge oppnås med en relativt tynn film sammenlignet med metalloksyder som viser interferenseffekter, men ingen signifikant absorpsjon.
Et transparent substrat, fortrinnsvis glass, belegges ved katodesputtring, fortrinnsvis magnetronsputtring, for derved å gi et solarenergikontroll-produkt. Belegget omfatter minst ett sjikt av et reflekterende metall slik som gull, kobber, aluminium og fortrinnsvis sølv, og minst ett sjikt av en metallforbindelse som kan tilveiebringe farge både ved absorpsjon og interferenseffekter ved forskjellige relative tykkelser, slik som oksydene og/eller nitridene av metaller slik som jernlegeringer, nikkellegeringer, kobber, jern og kobolt. En foretrukket metallforbindelse er et oksyd av rustfritt stål.
I en foretrukket utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen blir en glassoverflate først belagt med et sjikt av rustfritt ståloksyd ved sputtring av en rustfri stålkatode i en oksyderende reaktiv atmosfære. Overflaten som er belagt med et rustfrie ståloksyd belegges så videre med et sjikt av sølv ved sputtring av en sølvkatode i en ikke-reaktiv atmosfære slik som argon. Fortrinnsvis blir et beskyttende belegg avsatt over sølvet. I en mest foretrukket utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen blir det beskyttende belegg i fom av rustfritt stål avsatt ved sputring av en rustfri stålkatode i en ikke-reaktiv atmosfære slik som argon. De relative tykkelser av beleggssjiktene kan varieres for å gi forskjellige reflekterte farger. Mens interferensfarger kan oppnås med relativt ikke-absorberende stoffer, slik som indiumoksyd eller tinnoksyd, er meget tykkere filmer nødvendig for å gi farger ekvivalente med de til tynnere filmer av absorberende forbind-elser slik som rustfritt ståloksyd. For eksempel er en indiumoksydfilm som er ca. 1375 Ångstrøm tykk, nødvendig for å gi en gullfarge sammenlignet med 300 til 600 Angstrøm for rustfritt ståloksyd. Videre er gull-refleksen for rustfritt ståloksyd mer intenst farget på grunn av absorp-sjonen av rustfritt ståloksyd i det blå bølgelengdeområdet i spektret.
I en mest foretrukken utførelsesform kombineres rustfritt ståloksyd, sølv og rustfritt stål i sjikt for å gi et belegg med rik gullfarge. Oppfinnelsen vil fremgå tydligere utfra den følgende beskrivelse med eksempler.
Eksempel I
Et flersjiktsbelegg av rustfritt ståloksyd og sølv med et rustfritt stålbelegg som beskyttelse avsettes på et glassubstrat under følgende betingelser ved en gjennomføring under flere katoder i sekvens. Et rent glassubstrat holdes i et vakuumkammer under en atmosfære på 50% oksygen og 50% argon ved et trykk på 4 pm. Med to rustfrie stålkatoder hvorpå det er lagt 43 kW på hver og med en hastighet på 2,54 meter pr. minutt avsettes et rustfritt ståloksydbelegg i en tykkelse av 300 til 600 Ångstrøm, noe som reduserer lystransmittansen i glasset fra ca. 90 til ca. 75%. Deretter puttres en sølvkatode i en inert argonatmosfære. Med den samme linjehastighet og med pålagte 6 kW blir et sølvbelegg på 200 til 250 Ångstrøm avsatt over det rustfrie ståloksydbelegg, noe som ytterligere reduserer lystransmittansen til ca. 14%. Til slutt, fordi en eksponert sølvfilm er ømfintlig, blir en meget tynn beskyttende film avsatt over sølvet ved sputtring av en rustfri stålkatode i en inert argonatmosfære. Med samme linjehastighet og en minimal kraft på ca. 1 kW, blir det rustfrie beskyttende stålbelegg avsatt til en tykkelse på ca. 10 til 50 Ångstrøm, noe som resulterte i en endelig lystransmittans på ca. 12%. Tykkelsen av det beskyttende sjikt minimaliseres for å minimalisere reduksjonen i transmittans så vel som å minimalisere en reduksjon av sølvsjiktets reflektivitet. Den belagte gjenstand har et lyst gyllent utseende fra glassiden, noe som skyldes både interferensvirkning og det rustfrie ståloksydsjiksabsorbsjonsegenskaper, da det absorberer nær 30% ved en bølgelengde på 4000 Ångstrøm, men kun ca. 5% ved bølgelengder på 5500 Ånrstrøm og høyere. Sammensetningen av det rustfrie stål som benyttes i dette eksempel er 316 legeringen som omfatter ca. 68% jern, 17% krom, 12% nikkel og 2,25% molybden. Lysreflektansen for den belagte gjenstand er 67,7% fra den belagte overflate og 52,9% fra glassiden. Den reflekterte farge har dominante bølgelengder på 579 og 576 og eksitasjonsrenheter på 15,2 og 42,4 fra den belagte, henholdsvis glassiden. I en dobbeltglassenhet gir den belagte gjenstand en skyggings-koeffisient på 0,17 og sommer- og vinter U-verdier på 0,30.
Eksemplene II— X
Belagte gjenstander som reflekterer forskjellige farger fra grønnaktig gult, via gult, gulaktig oransje, oransje, rødaktig oransje og rødt til purpur, fremstilles ved å avsette rustfritt ståloksyd, sølv og rustfritt stål som i eksempel I i forskjellige relative tykkelser. Mens Tykkelsen ikke måles direkte, er transmittansen etter hvert sputtringstrinn indikerende for den individuelle sjikttykkelse. De varierende tykkelser oppnås ved å variere energien til katoden og/eller antallet føringer under en katode. I den følgende tabell blir transmittansene vist etter avsetning av det første sjikt av rustfritt ståloksyd (SS oksyd), etter sjiktet av sølv og etter det beskyttende sjikt av rustfritt stål (SS). Tabellen inkluderer også lysreflektansen fra den belagte side, Rj, og glassiden, R2.
De tynnere sølvfilmene i eksemplene II til IV gir høy reflektans fra den belagte side, men tykkere sølvfilmer i eksemplene V til IX er foretrukket for å gi høy reflektans fra glassiden oså.
De ovenfor angitte eksempler skal kun være illustrerende. Forskjellige andre absorberende metalloksyder og -nitrider som gir interferensfrager slik som oksyder eller nitrider av nikkellegeringer, kobber, jern og kobolt, kan benyttes sammen med andre meget reflekterende metaller slik som guid, kobber eller aluminium. Et hvert egnet transparent beskyttende sjikt kan benyttes. Oppfinnelsens ramme er definert i de ledsagende krav.
Claims (10)
1.
Gjenstand for reflektans av solarenergi, karakterisert ved at den omfatter:
a. et transparent substrat;
b. en transparent film av et metalloksyd som viser farge ved
absorpsjon og interferensvilHcmngefr^vsatt på en overflate av substratet; og c. en sterkt reflekterende transparent metallisk film avsatt på metalloksydfilmen.
2-
Gjenstand ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at substratet er glass.
3 . Gjenstand ifølge krav 2, karakterisert ved at den reflekterende metalliske film omfatter et metall valgt blant sølv, guid, kobber, aluminium og blandinger derav.
4. Gjenstand ifølge krav 3, karakterisert ved at metallet er sølv og at den videre omfatter en transparent beskyttende film avsatt I / over sølvfilmen. I ^
5. Gjenstand ifølge krav 4, karakterisert ved at metalloksydet er valgt blant oksyder og nitrider av rustfritt stål, nikkellegeringer, kobber, jern, kobolt og blandinger derav.
6.
Gjenstand ifølge krav 5, karakterisert ved at det transparente beskyttende sjikt omfatter rustfritt stål.
7.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en solarenergireflekterende belagt gjenstand, karakterisert ved at den omfatter:
a. på en overflate av et substrat å sputtre et første transparent belegg av et metalloksyd som viser fargen ved absorpsjon og interferenseffekter; og
b. over metalloksydfilmen å sputtre en sterkt reflekterende transparent metallisk film.
8.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 7, karakterisert ved at metalloksydfilmen avsettes ved sputtring av et metall valgt blant rustfritt stål, nikkellegeringer, kobber, jern, kobolt og blandinger derav i en oksyderende atmosfære.
9.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 7, karakterisert ved at den metalliske film avsettes ved sputtring av et metall fra gruppen sølv, guid, kobber, aluminium og blandinger derav i en inert atmosfære.
10.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 9, karakterisert ved at det avsettes en beskyttende film over sølvfilmen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/682,136 US4902581A (en) | 1984-12-17 | 1984-12-17 | Architectural coating with interference colors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO854789L true NO854789L (no) | 1986-06-18 |
Family
ID=24738371
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO854789A NO854789L (no) | 1984-12-17 | 1985-11-28 | Belegg med interferensfarger. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4902581A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0185314B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPH0660037B2 (no) |
KR (1) | KR930001970B1 (no) |
CN (1) | CN1016605B (no) |
AT (1) | ATE43565T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU566320B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA1278771C (no) |
DE (1) | DE3570644D1 (no) |
DK (1) | DK582685A (no) |
ES (1) | ES8700642A1 (no) |
FI (1) | FI854891A (no) |
HK (1) | HK46490A (no) |
IN (1) | IN165171B (no) |
NO (1) | NO854789L (no) |
NZ (1) | NZ214168A (no) |
SG (1) | SG9390G (no) |
ZA (1) | ZA858547B (no) |
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US4716086A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1987-12-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Protective overcoat for low emissivity coated article |
CA1333270C (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1994-11-29 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Sputtered titanium oxynitride films |
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US4847158A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-07-11 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Low reflectance bronze coating |
GB2206129B (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1991-10-16 | Glaverbel | Decorative mirror and process of manufacturing same |
US4965121A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-10-23 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Solar control layered coating for glass windows |
GB2267509B (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1994-07-20 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Surface reflector |
US5216551A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1993-06-01 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo K.K. | Surface reflector |
US5302449A (en) | 1992-03-27 | 1994-04-12 | Cardinal Ig Company | High transmittance, low emissivity coatings for substrates |
US5296302A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1994-03-22 | Cardinal Ig Company | Abrasion-resistant overcoat for coated substrates |
US6333093B1 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 2001-12-25 | Westaim Biomedical Corp. | Anti-microbial coatings having indicator properties and wound dressings |
US6514621B1 (en) | 1997-12-24 | 2003-02-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Patterned coated articles and methods for producing the same |
ES2284282T3 (es) * | 1998-12-22 | 2007-11-01 | Glaverbel | Capa de proteccion para sustrato revestido. |
US7063893B2 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2006-06-20 | Cardinal Cg Company | Low-emissivity coating having low solar reflectance |
US7122252B2 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2006-10-17 | Cardinal Cg Company | High shading performance coatings |
US7588829B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2009-09-15 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Article having an aesthetic coating |
EP1527028B1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2018-09-12 | Cardinal CG Company | Temperable high shading performance coatings |
EP1498397A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-19 | Glaverbel | Substrat revêtu à très faible facteur solaire |
US7807248B2 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2010-10-05 | Cardinal Cg Company | Solar control low-emissivity coatings |
WO2012013787A2 (fr) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Agc Glass Europe | Substrat verrier a coloration interferentielle pour panneau de parement |
EA024159B1 (ru) * | 2010-07-29 | 2016-08-31 | Агк Гласс Юроп | Стеклянная подложка с интерференционной окраской для облицовочной панели |
CN102441679A (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 陈维钏 | 透明隔热结构 |
JP6664377B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-25 | 2020-03-13 | エージーシー グラス ユーロップAgc Glass Europe | 装飾用ガラスパネル |
EP2977202A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-27 | AGC Glass Europe | Vitrage chauffant |
CN105523721A (zh) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-04-27 | 杭州畅翔玻璃有限公司 | 七彩镀膜玻璃及其加工工艺 |
KR20210145225A (ko) | 2019-03-28 | 2021-12-01 | 비트로 플랫 글래스 엘엘씨 | 높은 가시광 반사율 및 중성색을 갖는 물품 |
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BE759235A (fr) * | 1969-11-20 | 1971-05-21 | Triplex Safety Glass Co | Perfectionnements aux objets transparents conducteurs de l'electricite |
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DE2750500A1 (de) * | 1977-11-11 | 1979-05-17 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung von infrarotreflektierenden, fuer sichtbares licht weitgehend transparenten scheiben und durch die verfahren hergestellte scheibe |
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-
1984
- 1984-12-17 US US06/682,136 patent/US4902581A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1985
- 1985-11-06 ZA ZA858547A patent/ZA858547B/xx unknown
- 1985-11-12 NZ NZ214168A patent/NZ214168A/xx unknown
- 1985-11-18 CA CA000495592A patent/CA1278771C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-11-26 IN IN993/DEL/85A patent/IN165171B/en unknown
- 1985-11-28 NO NO854789A patent/NO854789L/no unknown
- 1985-12-03 AU AU50735/85A patent/AU566320B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-12-11 FI FI854891A patent/FI854891A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-12-11 KR KR1019850009310A patent/KR930001970B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-12 AT AT85115835T patent/ATE43565T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-12 CN CN85108851A patent/CN1016605B/zh not_active Expired
- 1985-12-12 DE DE8585115835T patent/DE3570644D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-12-12 EP EP85115835A patent/EP0185314B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-16 DK DK582685A patent/DK582685A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-12-16 JP JP60282705A patent/JPH0660037B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-16 ES ES550001A patent/ES8700642A1/es not_active Expired
-
1990
- 1990-02-12 SG SG93/90A patent/SG9390G/en unknown
- 1990-06-14 HK HK464/90A patent/HK46490A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1278771C (en) | 1991-01-08 |
DK582685D0 (da) | 1985-12-16 |
IN165171B (no) | 1989-08-19 |
ES550001A0 (es) | 1986-10-16 |
CN85108851A (zh) | 1986-08-20 |
KR930001970B1 (ko) | 1993-03-20 |
ES8700642A1 (es) | 1986-10-16 |
FI854891A (fi) | 1986-06-18 |
ATE43565T1 (de) | 1989-06-15 |
EP0185314A1 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
AU5073585A (en) | 1986-07-10 |
JPH0660037B2 (ja) | 1994-08-10 |
EP0185314B1 (en) | 1989-05-31 |
DK582685A (da) | 1986-06-18 |
ZA858547B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
CN1016605B (zh) | 1992-05-13 |
KR860004812A (ko) | 1986-07-14 |
SG9390G (en) | 1990-07-13 |
FI854891A0 (fi) | 1985-12-11 |
HK46490A (en) | 1990-06-22 |
JPS61151045A (ja) | 1986-07-09 |
DE3570644D1 (en) | 1989-07-06 |
US4902581A (en) | 1990-02-20 |
AU566320B2 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
NZ214168A (en) | 1988-08-30 |
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