NO325801B1 - Method of dressing a matrix with a fire-, water- and frost-proof barrier, as well as so formed clothing. - Google Patents
Method of dressing a matrix with a fire-, water- and frost-proof barrier, as well as so formed clothing. Download PDFInfo
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- NO325801B1 NO325801B1 NO20062731A NO20062731A NO325801B1 NO 325801 B1 NO325801 B1 NO 325801B1 NO 20062731 A NO20062731 A NO 20062731A NO 20062731 A NO20062731 A NO 20062731A NO 325801 B1 NO325801 B1 NO 325801B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 gravel Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011045 Chloride Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062745 Chloride Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/16—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing anhydrite, e.g. Keene's cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Fremgangsmåte til å kle av en matriks med en brann-, vann- og frostsikker barriere samt således fremstilt kledning. Matriksen, som kan være en vegg i en tunnel, påsprøytes et første sjikt av en støpemasse omfattende mikronisert aplitt. Deretter blir den derved dannede flate påført i det minste delvis minst ett fiberarmeringssjikt, før ett ytterligere sjikt med sprøytbar støpemasse bli påsprøytet. Det tredje sjikt omfatter aplitt, anhydritt, slagg og kalsitt. Så vel første som tredje sjikt kan også inneholde konvensjonelle hydrauliske sementer. De påførte sjikt bli gitt anledning til å stivne til en hard, relativt stiv støpemasse.Method for undressing a matrix with a fire, water and frost-proof barrier and thus prepared cladding. The matrix, which may be a wall in a tunnel, is sprayed on a first layer of a casting composition comprising micronized aplite. Thereafter, the surface thus formed is applied to at least partially at least one fiber reinforcement layer, before an additional layer of sprayable molding compound is sprayed. The third layer includes aplite, anhydrite, slag and calcite. Both the first and third layers may also contain conventional hydraulic cements. The applied layers are allowed to solidify into a hard, relatively rigid casting compound.
Description
I henhold til et første aspekt angår foreliggende oppfinnelse en fremgangsmåte til å kle en matriks med en brann, vann- og frostsikker barriere som angitt i ingressen til patentkrav 1. According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for coating a matrix with a fire-, water- and frost-proof barrier as stated in the preamble to patent claim 1.
I henhold til et ytterligere aspekt angår foreliggende oppfinnelse en slik dannet kledning slik det fremgår av ingressen til patentkrav 25. According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to such a formed cladding as is evident from the preamble to patent claim 25.
Bakgrunn Background
Det er i en rekke sammenhenger ønskelig å kunne kle en overflate eller matriks med en kledning som er vann, frost og brannsikker, og i enkelte sammenhenger er det knyttet streng lovregulering til bruk av slik kledning. In a number of contexts it is desirable to be able to cover a surface or matrix with a coating that is water, frost and fireproof, and in some contexts there is strict legal regulation attached to the use of such coating.
I forbindelse med tunneler, spesielt veitunneler, har det i senere år forekommet store ulykker i forbindelse med brann, og det har derfor kommet et meget sterkt fokus på valg av materialer til bruk i slike sammenhenger. In connection with tunnels, especially road tunnels, major accidents in connection with fire have occurred in recent years, and there has therefore been a very strong focus on the choice of materials for use in such contexts.
Når det gjelder påføringsteknikker for kledninger av denne type, kan den variere fra bruk av prefabrikkerte elementer til sprøyting av stivnbare blandinger av mørtel med eventuelle tilsetninger. En fordel med prefabrikkerte elementer, er at sammensetningen av elementene er enklere å regulere når det ikke er påkrevd at noen komponent av elementet skal være sprøytbar. Videre er det ikke nødvendig å benytte vann til noen komponent, og det er enklere å finne sammensetninger som tilfredsstiller krav knyttet til sikkerhet mot brann, vann og frost. As for the application techniques for cladding of this type, it can vary from the use of prefabricated elements to the spraying of hardenable mixtures of mortar with any additives. An advantage of prefabricated elements is that the composition of the elements is easier to regulate when it is not required that any component of the element must be sprayable. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use water for any component, and it is easier to find compositions that satisfy requirements relating to safety against fire, water and frost.
Sprøytbare blandinger har den fordel at den kan sprøytes direkte på et ujevnt underlag uten at dette blir glattet eller lektet for montering av elementer med en gitt form og størrelse. Transport er også enklere, ved at den skjer i bulk og ikke i form av store, tunge elementer som må løftes, flyttes og holdes maskinelt før og under monteringen. Ulempen ved sprøytbare blandinger har til nå vært at det ikke har vært mulig å lage slike blandinger med de krav til brannsikkerhet som nå gjelder for de mest aktuelle anvendelsesområder. Sprayable mixtures have the advantage that it can be sprayed directly onto an uneven surface without this being smoothed or leveled for the assembly of elements of a given shape and size. Transport is also easier, in that it takes place in bulk and not in the form of large, heavy elements that must be lifted, moved and held mechanically before and during assembly. The disadvantage of sprayable mixtures has until now been that it has not been possible to make such mixtures with the fire safety requirements that now apply to the most relevant areas of application.
Formål Purpose
Det er således et formål å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte for å lage eller tilberede kledninger på en matriks, så som en bergvegg, gjerne en tunnelvegg, hvilken kledning må ha god sikkerhet i forhold til brann og gode egenskaper i forhold til vann og frost. It is thus an aim to provide a method for making or preparing cladding on a matrix, such as a rock wall, preferably a tunnel wall, which cladding must have good safety in relation to fire and good properties in relation to water and frost.
Det er videre et formål å kunne lage eller tilbedre dette ved bruk av midler som er rimelige og fleksible og som ikke krever stor grad av tilpasning eller "skreddersøm" ved hver enkelt applikasjon. It is further an aim to be able to create or improve this using means which are reasonable and flexible and which do not require a large degree of adaptation or "tailoring" for each individual application.
Oppfinnelsen The invention
I henhold til et første aspekt omhandler foreliggende oppfinnelse en fremgangsmåte som angitt i patentkrav 1. According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method as stated in patent claim 1.
I henhold til et andre aspekt omhandler foreliggende oppfinnelse en kledning som angitt i patentkrav 25. According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a covering as stated in patent claim 25.
Foretrukne, ikke-begrensende utførelsesformer av oppfinnelsen fremgår av de uselvstendige patentkrav. Preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the invention appear from the independent patent claims.
Med "mikronisert" menes her en pulverform der partikkelstørrelsen ligger i området opp til ca. 200 um (mikron). Når det er angitt at en bestanddel, som aplitt, i hovedsak er innenfor et angitt størrelsesområde, innebærer det at minst 50 vekt-% av partiklene er i det område som er angitt og fortrinnsvis minst 80 vekt-% av partiklene. By "micronized" here is meant a powder form in which the particle size is in the range of up to approx. 200 µm (micron). When it is indicated that a component, such as aplite, is mainly within a specified size range, it means that at least 50% by weight of the particles are in the range indicated and preferably at least 80% by weight of the particles.
Aplitt er en granitt-bergart som hovedsakelig inneholder kvarts og feltspat. Den forekommer på forskjellige kontinenter, og er tilgjengelig i forskjellige kvaliteter. Aplitt finnes blant annet i Montpellier, Virginia, USA, Owens Valley, California, USA, Finnvolldalen i Norge, i Toscana i Italia samt visse steder i Russland og Japan. Aplitt leveres kommersielt bl.a. a fra Maffei Natural Resources Italia og fra US Silica Company, West Virginia, USA. Aplitt inneholder typisk silisium, magnesium, jern, natrium, aluminium, kalium, titan og kalsium, idet de viktigste komponenter er silisium og aluminium (i form av oksider), som gjerne er til stede i relative mengder i området 60-85 vekt-% henholdsvis 10-25 vekt-%. Aplite is a granite rock that mainly contains quartz and feldspar. It occurs on different continents and is available in different qualities. Aplitt can be found in Montpellier, Virginia, USA, Owens Valley, California, USA, Finnvolldalen in Norway, Tuscany in Italy and certain places in Russia and Japan. Aplitt is supplied commercially, i.a. a from Maffei Natural Resources Italy and from the US Silica Company, West Virginia, USA. Aplite typically contains silicon, magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminium, potassium, titanium and calcium, the most important components being silicon and aluminum (in the form of oxides), which are usually present in relative amounts in the range of 60-85% by weight respectively 10-25% by weight.
Egnede karbonfibere som løs masse eller fibere i strukturert form, som vevde eller strikkede matter, til bruk ifølge oppfinnelsen kan skaffes kommersielt blant annet fra Devold AMT, Langevåg, Norge. Suitable carbon fibers as loose mass or fibers in structured form, as woven or knitted mats, for use according to the invention can be obtained commercially from, among others, Devold AMT, Langevåg, Norway.
I forbindelse med oppfinnelsen er det ønskelig med et kvartsinnhold i aplitten, målt som andel Si02 som ligger i området 68 til 95 vektprosent. In connection with the invention, it is desirable to have a quartz content in the aplite, measured as a proportion of SiO2, which is in the range of 68 to 95 percent by weight.
Ved fremgangsmåten og kledningen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse blir det tilveiebrakt en tresjikts struktur som på hver sin måte bidrar til de samlede egenskaper i den kledning som blir dannet. Det første sjikt utgjør etter herding en meget sterk betong med trykkfasthet på inntil 700 bar eller mer. Med et hensiktsmessig innhold av aplitt, vil dette sjiktet ikke trekke vann fra underlaget (matriksen) i tilfeller det oppstår tilsig av vann inn mot dette første sjiktet. With the method and the cladding according to the present invention, a three-layer structure is provided which in each way contributes to the overall properties of the cladding which is formed. After curing, the first layer forms a very strong concrete with a compressive strength of up to 700 bar or more. With an appropriate content of aplite, this layer will not draw water from the substrate (matrix) in cases where there is an influx of water towards this first layer.
Det andre sjikt, armeringssjiktet, bidrar til økt styrke i form av strekkfasthet og duktilitet, samt til å danne en sterk binding mellom første og tredje sjikt. Videre bidrar armeringssjiktet til økt stabilitet av kledningen og dens struktur over tid. The second layer, the reinforcement layer, contributes to increased strength in the form of tensile strength and ductility, as well as to forming a strong bond between the first and third layers. Furthermore, the reinforcement layer contributes to increased stability of the cladding and its structure over time.
Det tredje sjikt bidrar primært til å hindre eventuell utbredelse av varme i form av åpne flammer, idet det er i stand til å motstå varme uten å brenne eller desintegrere. Innholdet av betydelige mengder slagg samt kalsitt (CaC03) og anhydritt (CaS04) gjør dette sjiktet til en brannsikker barriere. Også dette sjiktet er vannavisende og dermed frostsikkert. The third layer primarily contributes to preventing the possible spread of heat in the form of open flames, as it is able to withstand heat without burning or disintegrating. The content of significant amounts of slag as well as calcite (CaC03) and anhydrite (CaS04) makes this layer a fireproof barrier. This layer is also waterproof and thus frost-proof.
Foretrukne utførelsesformer Preferred embodiments
I det følgende er det nevnt et antall, foretrukne, ikke begrensende utførelsesformer av foreliggende oppfinnelse. In the following, a number of preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are mentioned.
Til påføring av første og tredje sjikt kan det benyttes i og for seg konvensjonelt sprøyteutstyr for sementholdig støpemasse. For the application of the first and third layers, conventional spraying equipment for cementitious casting compound can be used in and of itself.
En typisk og foretrukket sjikttykkelse for første sjikt er mellom 50 og 150 mm. Det samme gjelder tredje sjikt. A typical and preferred layer thickness for the first layer is between 50 and 150 mm. The same applies to the third layer.
Ved påsprøyting av første sjikt benyttes typisk vann i en mengde i området 40-50 vekt-% regnet av vekten av tørrstoffinnholdet. When spraying on the first layer, water is typically used in an amount in the range of 40-50% by weight calculated from the weight of the dry matter content.
Den mikroniserte aplitt i hovedsak har en partikkelstørrelsen mindre enn 250 um, gjerne i området 150-170 um, men kan også være mindre enn 150 um og i enkelte tilfeller mindre enn 100 um. Ved enkelte utførelsesformer er det foretrukket at minst 80 % av aplitten har en partikkelstørrelse mindre enn 200 um og ved enkelte utførelsesformer er det fortrukket at minst 50% av aplitten har en partikkelstørrelse mindre enn 100 um. Der det er referert til partikkelstørrelse er det hvis intet annet er sagt lagt til grunn at den måles i henhold til kjente målemetoder og standard siktestørrelser. Alternativt kan partikkelstørrelse bestemmes med Coulter apparatur for måling av partikkelstørrelse. The micronized aplite mainly has a particle size of less than 250 µm, preferably in the range of 150-170 µm, but can also be less than 150 µm and in some cases less than 100 µm. In some embodiments it is preferred that at least 80% of the aplite has a particle size smaller than 200 µm and in some embodiments it is preferred that at least 50% of the aplite has a particle size smaller than 100 µm. Where reference is made to particle size, unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that it is measured according to known measurement methods and standard sieve sizes. Alternatively, particle size can be determined with a Coulter apparatus for measuring particle size.
Den mikroniserte aplitt har et innhold av kvarts som er minst 68 vekt-% og mer foretrukket minst 75 vekt-% av vekten av aplitten. The micronized aplite has a quartz content that is at least 68% by weight and more preferably at least 75% by weight of the weight of the aplite.
Den mikroniserte aplitt kan være tilstede som den eneste sementkomponent i blandingen som benyttes til å danne første sjikt, det vil si som det eneste bindemiddel i det første sjikt og at reaksjonen som bringer sjiktet til å stivne ivaretas ved å regulere pH i støpemassen til en verdi lavere enn 7, fortrinnsvis lavere enn 5, gjerne lavere enn 4. Slik regulering kan skje ved tilsetning av en regulert mengde av en mineralsyre eller organisk syre. Det kan benyttes en hvilken som helst surhetsregulerende komponent som ikke reagerer negativt med andre komponenter av blandingen. The micronized aplite can be present as the only cement component in the mixture used to form the first layer, that is to say as the only binder in the first layer and that the reaction which causes the layer to solidify is taken care of by regulating the pH of the casting mass to a value lower than 7, preferably lower than 5, preferably lower than 4. Such regulation can take place by adding a regulated quantity of a mineral acid or organic acid. Any acidity-regulating component that does not react negatively with other components of the mixture can be used.
Ved andre, foretrukne utførelsesformer kan aplitt i første sjikt benyttes sammen med minst én hydraulisk sement, så som en Portlandsement, puzzolansement, gipssement, aluminasement, silikasement og slaggsement. En slik konvensjonell hydraulisk sement er gjerne til stede i første sjikt i en mengde i området 15-35 vekt-% av den samlede vekt av sementmateriale (aplitt + konvensjonelt sementmateriale). In other, preferred embodiments, aplite can be used in the first layer together with at least one hydraulic cement, such as a Portland cement, pozzolans cement, gypsum cement, alumina cement, silica cement and slag cement. Such conventional hydraulic cement is often present in the first layer in an amount in the range of 15-35% by weight of the total weight of cement material (aplite + conventional cement material).
Blandingen som påsprøytes for å danne første sjikt kan også inkluderes løse karbonfibere og/ eller mikrosfærer, idet sistnevnte typisk har en diameter i området fra ca. 5 um til ca. 200 um. Slike mikrosfærer bidrar blant annet til bedre flytegenskaper for de ferske blandinger av støpemasse som benyttes til å danne det nevnte første sjikt og det nevnte tredje sjikt. Ved hensiktmessig valg av mikrosfærer kan disse også på ønsket måte påvirke styrkeegenskapene og/ eller andre egenskaper ved den ferdig stivnede blanding som utgjør et sjikt av kledningen ifølge oppfinnelsens andre aspekt. Mikrosfærene kan være laget av materialer valgt blant glass, keramikk, polymere og sfærer av karbonfibere. The mixture that is sprayed on to form the first layer can also include loose carbon fibers and/or microspheres, the latter typically having a diameter in the range from approx. 5 um to approx. 200 µm. Such microspheres contribute, among other things, to better flow properties for the fresh mixtures of molding compound used to form the aforementioned first layer and the aforementioned third layer. With an appropriate choice of microspheres, these can also affect the strength properties and/or other properties of the fully hardened mixture which forms a layer of the coating according to the second aspect of the invention in the desired way. The microspheres can be made of materials selected from glass, ceramics, polymers and spheres of carbon fibers.
Fibrene i armeringssjiktet omfatter utelukkende fibere som ikke er korrosive selv i et surt miljø og er fortrinnsvis karbonfibere. Fibrene er gjerne anordnet i en strukturert form, så som, men ikke begrenset til, vevd, strikket eller flettet form. The fibers in the reinforcement layer comprise exclusively fibers which are not corrosive even in an acidic environment and are preferably carbon fibres. The fibers are preferably arranged in a structured form, such as, but not limited to, woven, knitted or braided form.
Fibrene har typisk en diameter i området 1-15 um, mer foretrukket 3-10 um og mest foretrukket 6-8 um. Når fibere, så som karbonfibere, er til stede som løse fibere i blandingene som danner første og/ eller tredje sjikt, har de fortrinnsvis en lengde i området 1 -100 mm og mer foretrukket 3-25 mm. The fibers typically have a diameter in the range 1-15 µm, more preferably 3-10 µm and most preferably 6-8 µm. When fibres, such as carbon fibres, are present as loose fibers in the mixtures forming the first and/or third layer, they preferably have a length in the range 1-100 mm and more preferably 3-25 mm.
Den relative mengde anhydritt til stede i blandingen som danner tredje sjikt er typisk i området 2-5 vekt-% av vekten av tørrstoffet. Den relative mengde kalsitt i blandingen som danner tredje sjikt er også i området 2-5 vekt-% av vekten av tørrstoffet. The relative amount of anhydrite present in the mixture forming the third layer is typically in the range of 2-5% by weight of the weight of the dry matter. The relative amount of calcite in the mixture which forms the third layer is also in the range of 2-5% by weight of the weight of the dry matter.
Partikkelstørrelsen av anhydritt og kalsitt er mindre kritisk enn partikkelstørrelsen for aplitt og vil generelt ha en ganske bred fordeling med det meste materialet, typisk 70-80 % av materialet innen området 0,1 - 5 mm. The particle size of anhydrite and calcite is less critical than the particle size of aplite and will generally have a fairly broad distribution with most material, typically 70-80% of the material within the range 0.1 - 5 mm.
Mikronisert aplitt kan være til stede som det eneste bindemiddel (sementkomponent) i blandingen som benyttes til å danne det tredje sjikt og reaksjonen som bringer sjiktet til å stivne ivaretas ved å regulere pH i støpemassen til en verdi lavere enn 7, fortrinnsvis lavere enn 6, mer foretrukket lavere enn 5. Micronized aplite may be present as the only binder (cement component) in the mixture used to form the third layer and the reaction which causes the layer to solidify is ensured by regulating the pH of the casting mass to a value lower than 7, preferably lower than 6, more preferably lower than 5.
Også i blandingen for tredje sjikt kan det være inkludert mikrosfærer med en typisk diameter i området fra ca. 5 um til ca. 200 um og/ eller løse karbonfibere som nevnt i tilknytning til blandingen for første sjikt. Also in the mixture for the third layer, microspheres with a typical diameter in the range from approx. 5 um to approx. 200 µm and/or loose carbon fibers as mentioned in connection with the mixture for the first layer.
Matriksen eller underlaget som det første sjikt blir påsprøytes er gjerne en innvendig bergvegg som er blitt frilagt gjennom en teknikk valgt blant boring og sprengning og eventuelt etterfølgende vasking eller rensing, mest typisk veggflater og/ eller takflater i en tunnel, typisk en tunnel for transportformål, så som for veier eller jernbane. The matrix or substrate on which the first layer is sprayed is often an internal rock wall that has been exposed through a technique chosen from drilling and blasting and possibly subsequent washing or cleaning, most typically wall surfaces and/or roof surfaces in a tunnel, typically a tunnel for transport purposes, such as for roads or railways.
I henhold til et ytterligere aspekt omhandler oppfinnelsen en ferdig kledning omfattende minst tre sjikt som er dannet ved en hvilken som helst kombinasjon av de trekk som er beskrevet i tilknytning til fremgangsmåten som utgjør oppfinnelsens første aspekt. According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a finished covering comprising at least three layers which are formed by any combination of the features described in connection with the method which constitutes the first aspect of the invention.
Kledningen, som er spesielt egnet til å danne et brann, frost og vannsikkert belegg i tunneler, omfatter således et første sjikt av en stivnet støpemasse omfattende mikronisert aplitt, et andre sjikt i form av et armeringssjikt, samt et tredje sjikt av en stivnet støpemasse som omfatter aplitt, anhydritt, slagg og kalsitt. The cladding, which is particularly suitable for forming a fire-, frost- and water-proof coating in tunnels, thus comprises a first layer of a hardened casting compound comprising micronized aplite, a second layer in the form of a reinforcement layer, and a third layer of a hardened casting compound which includes aplite, anhydrite, slag and calcite.
Kledningen ifølge dette aspekt av oppfinnelsen har således de respektive andeler av de enkelte komponenter som ovenfor er angitt med referanse til fremgangsmåten som utgjør første aspekt av oppfinnelsen. Aplitt fra alle kjente forekomster kan benyttes, men det er spesielt foretrukket at aplitten har et innhold av silikat (kvarts) på minst 68 vekt-% og mer foretrukket minst 75 vekt-%. The coating according to this aspect of the invention thus has the respective proportions of the individual components as stated above with reference to the method which constitutes the first aspect of the invention. Aplite from all known deposits can be used, but it is particularly preferred that the aplite has a silicate (quartz) content of at least 68% by weight and more preferably at least 75% by weight.
Det er for øvrig mulig å benyttes i minst ett av første og tredje sjikt kvarts fra andre kilder enn aplitt. It is also possible to use quartz from sources other than aplite in at least one of the first and third layers.
Minst ett av sjiktene valgt blant første og tredje sjikt kan inneholde aplittgranulat som tilslagsmasse. For øvrig kan det som tilslagsmasse i så vel første som tredje sjikt benyttes materialer valgt blant sand, grus, anhydritt, glass og skumglass. At least one of the layers selected from among the first and third layers can contain aplite granules as aggregate. Otherwise, materials chosen from among sand, gravel, anhydrite, glass and foam glass can be used as aggregate in both the first and third layers.
Kledningen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse vil under stivning typisk krympe mindre enn 3%, fortrinnsvis mindre enn 1,5 % og mest foretrukket mindre enn 0,7 %. The coating according to the present invention will typically shrink less than 3% during hardening, preferably less than 1.5% and most preferably less than 0.7%.
Fremgangsmåten og kledningen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan være velegnet for en rekke formål, idet det mest åpenbare formål i dag er til å kle vegger i tunneler, spesielt tunneler for veiformål, med kledninger som tilfredsstiller strenge krav til sikkerhet på områdene vann, frost og ikke minst brann. The method and the cladding according to the present invention can be suitable for a number of purposes, the most obvious purpose today being to clad walls in tunnels, especially tunnels for road purposes, with claddings that satisfy strict requirements for safety in the areas of water, frost and not least fire.
Sammensetning ifølge oppfinnelsen tilfredsstiller slike krav idet spesielt det tredje sjikt med sitt innhold av slagg, aplitt, kalsitt (CaCC>3) og anhydritt (CaSCU), danner en sterkt brannhemmende barriere mens de øvrige sjikt bidrar til å gi strukturen styrke. Composition according to the invention satisfies such requirements as the third layer in particular with its content of slag, aplite, calcite (CaCC>3) and anhydrite (CaSCU) forms a strong fire-retardant barrier while the other layers contribute to giving the structure strength.
Claims (34)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20062731A NO325801B1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2006-06-12 | Method of dressing a matrix with a fire-, water- and frost-proof barrier, as well as so formed clothing. |
| PCT/NO2007/000202 WO2008004874A1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2007-06-11 | Method for coating a matrix with fire, water and frost-proof barrier layer as well as layer prepared by the method |
| EP07747659A EP2032799A4 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2007-06-11 | Method for coating a matrix with fire, water and frost-proof barrier layer as well as layer prepared by the method |
| RU2009100133/03A RU2009100133A (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2007-06-11 | METHOD FOR COATING THE BASIS OF FIRE-, WATER- AND FROST RESISTANCE BY THE BARRIER LAYER, AND ALSO THE LAYER OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20062731A NO325801B1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2006-06-12 | Method of dressing a matrix with a fire-, water- and frost-proof barrier, as well as so formed clothing. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20062731L NO20062731L (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| NO325801B1 true NO325801B1 (en) | 2008-07-21 |
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| NO20062731A NO325801B1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2006-06-12 | Method of dressing a matrix with a fire-, water- and frost-proof barrier, as well as so formed clothing. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2032799A4 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO325801B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2009100133A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008004874A1 (en) |
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| CN101787895B (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-12-07 | 河南理工大学 | Double-layer folding heat-insulated barrel for use in coal mine roadway |
| AU2014200344B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2017-03-02 | Promat Research and Technology Centre NV | Fire Protection Mortar |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1028095A4 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 2002-12-04 | Toho Tenax Co Ltd | Reinforcing material, method of production thereof, reinforcing/repairing method using the reinforcing material, reinforcing/repairing structure, and structural element |
| DK1326811T3 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2004-11-22 | Promat Internat Nv | Fire-resistant material |
| FR2842553B1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2005-02-18 | Vinci Construction Grands Proj | CONCRETE PIECE, PARTICULARLY TUNNEL TILT COMPRISING A MAIN CONCRETE LAYER AND A SECONDARY COAT IN REFRACTORY MORTAR |
| JP2004224622A (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2004-08-12 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Refractory coating cement mortar composition for injection |
| JP4666573B2 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2011-04-06 | ライト工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of earth and sand structure material, and surface protection method and slope protection method using this manufacturing method |
| JP2005187275A (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-14 | Nippon Koatsu Concrete Kk | Fire-resisting and heat-resisting concrete and its manufacturing method |
| NO323805B1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2007-07-09 | Hallvar Eide | Building element and method for making such |
-
2006
- 2006-06-12 NO NO20062731A patent/NO325801B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
- 2007-06-11 EP EP07747659A patent/EP2032799A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2032799A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| EP2032799A4 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
| NO20062731L (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| WO2008004874A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| RU2009100133A (en) | 2010-07-20 |
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