NO315411B1 - Procedure for cleaning furnace exhaust - Google Patents
Procedure for cleaning furnace exhaust Download PDFInfo
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- NO315411B1 NO315411B1 NO19964234A NO964234A NO315411B1 NO 315411 B1 NO315411 B1 NO 315411B1 NO 19964234 A NO19964234 A NO 19964234A NO 964234 A NO964234 A NO 964234A NO 315411 B1 NO315411 B1 NO 315411B1
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- gas stream
- stated
- additives
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002569 water oil cream Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran Chemical compound O1C2=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2C2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000007645 Citrus mitis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012733 comparative method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004952 furnace firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte for rensing av ovnsavgasser. The invention relates to a method for cleaning furnace exhaust gases.
Fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen regnes med blant de rensemetoder hvor avgass-strømmen som kommer fra ovnen først tilsettes tilsatsstoffer og i den videre prosess på nytt renses fra støv og dråper i en separator. The method according to the invention is counted among the cleaning methods where additives are first added to the exhaust gas stream coming from the furnace and in the further process it is again cleaned of dust and droplets in a separator.
Typiske ovnsavgasser som kan renses med fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen er avgassene'fra søppelforbrennings-anlegg, smelteovner og fra ovner hvori skrapjern nedsmeltes. Typical furnace exhaust gases that can be cleaned with the method according to the invention are the exhaust gases from waste incineration plants, smelting furnaces and from furnaces in which scrap iron is melted down.
Som separator tjener f.eks. dukfiltere, posefiltere, As a separator serves e.g. cloth filters, bag filters,
sykloner, elektrostatisk virkende separatorer eller våt-separatorer. cyclones, electrostatic separators or wet separators.
Tilsatsstoffene forbedrer fraskillingen av skadelige stoffer som f.eks. metalloksyder, sure komponenter, organiske hydro-karboner, dioksiner (PCDD) og furaner (PCDF) eller de vanskeliggjør dannelsen av bestemte skadelige stoffer. The additives improve the separation of harmful substances such as e.g. metal oxides, acidic components, organic hydrocarbons, dioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF) or they hinder the formation of certain harmful substances.
Tilsatsstoffene virker mest ved adsorpsjonen av skadelige stoffer, men også ved tilleiring eller binding av skadelige stoffer på en spesifikk stor overflate. Mange ganger bevirker tilsatsstoffene også en kjemisk omdannelse av skadelige stoffer eller en blokkering av katalysatorer som kan føre til dannelse av skadelige stoffer. The additives work mostly by the adsorption of harmful substances, but also by depositing or binding of harmful substances on a specific large surface. Many times the additives also cause a chemical transformation of harmful substances or a blocking of catalysts that can lead to the formation of harmful substances.
Tilsatsstoffene blir på nytt fraskilt i separatoren sammen med stoffer som allerede på forhånd var tilstede i avgassen. The additives are separated again in the separator together with substances that were already present in the exhaust gas beforehand.
Ofte blir den ovnsvarme avgassen før inngangen i separatoren også avkjølt. Derved innsprøytes gjennom■dyser en væske, oftest en vandig basisk løsning, i avgasskanalen. Med væsken kan også tilsatsstoffene innføres i løst eller dispergert form. Væsken fordamper og avkjøler derved avgassen meget hurtig under det kritiske temperaturområdet hvori PCDD/PCDF dannes. Derved at væsken er basisk nøytraliseres sure komponenter i avgass-strømmen. Often, the furnace-hot exhaust gas is also cooled before entering the separator. Thereby, a liquid, usually an aqueous basic solution, is injected through ■nozzles into the exhaust duct. With the liquid, the additives can also be introduced in loose or dispersed form. The liquid evaporates and thereby cools the exhaust gas very quickly below the critical temperature range in which PCDD/PCDF are formed. Because the liquid is basic, acidic components in the exhaust gas stream are neutralized.
Kjente tilsatsstoffer som hyppig tilsettes i kombinasjon med hverandre, enten med vann eller som støv, også i forbindelse med stoffer som de vanlig forekommer med, er aktivkull, kalk (CaC03), kalkhydrat ((CA(OH)2), magnesiumforbindelser (MgO, MgC03 ...), natriumkarbonat (Na2C03) og NH-forbindelser. Known additives that are frequently added in combination with each other, either with water or as dust, also in connection with substances with which they normally occur, are activated carbon, lime (CaC03), lime hydrate ((CA(OH)2), magnesium compounds (MgO, MgC03 ...), sodium carbonate (Na2C03) and NH compounds.
Av disse tilsatsstoffer kan de beste separeringsgrader av PCDD/PCDF oppnås med aktivkull. Noen av de ellers kjente tilsatsstoffer kan alt etter forholdene endog begunstige dannelsen av PCDD/PCDF. Aktivkull kan imidlertid bare tilsettes i begrenset grad da det ellers er fare for at selve filterresten som dannes antennes. Aktivkull er ytterligere også dyrt. Of these additives, the best separation rates of PCDD/PCDF can be achieved with activated carbon. Depending on the conditions, some of the otherwise known additives may even favor the formation of PCDD/PCDF. However, activated charcoal can only be added to a limited extent, otherwise there is a risk that the filter residue that is formed will ignite. Activated carbon is also expensive.
I DE 4109991 Cl omhandles en fremgangsmåte for å redusere innholdet av skadelige stoffer i røkgass fra termiske prosesser. Finoppdelte metaller og/eller deres oksyder, hydroksyder og/eller oksyhydroksyder innføres i varmeflammen. For å absorbere de gjenværende skadelige stoffer blir røkgassen som forlater forbrenningskammeret sprøytet med en ubrennbar olje-vannemulsjon. DE 4109991 Cl deals with a method for reducing the content of harmful substances in flue gas from thermal processes. Finely divided metals and/or their oxides, hydroxides and/or oxyhydroxides are introduced into the heating flame. To absorb the remaining harmful substances, the flue gas leaving the combustion chamber is sprayed with a non-flammable oil-water emulsion.
Den oppgave som ligger til grunn for oppfinnelsen består i forhold til dette i å finne et tilsatsstoff for røkgass-rensing som følgende gjelder for: med tilsatsstoffet kan det oppnås like gode eller bedre separeringsgrader som ved anvendelse av aktivkull som In relation to this, the task underlying the invention consists in finding an additive for flue gas purification for which the following applies: with the additive, equal or better results can be achieved degrees of separation as when using activated carbon as
tilsatsstoff, additive,
tilsatsstoffet bevirker ikke at filterresten blir lett the additive does not cause the filter residue to become light
antennbar, flammable,
tilsatsstoffet er billig, the additive is cheap,
tilsatsstoffet bevirker ikke at konsistens og sammen-setning av filterresten endrer seg vesentlig. the additive does not cause the consistency and composition of the filter residue to change significantly.
Denne oppgave løses ved at det som tilsatsstoff anvendes oljeaktige og organiske substanser på basis av mineraloljer eller native oljer som innsprøytes i avgasskanalen i form av fine dråper, hvorved avgasstemperaturen innstilles slik at mulig forekommende vann riktignok fordamper, men de oljeaktige organiske substanser hverken forbrenner eller fordamper. I stedet dannes oljedråper såvel som tynne olj esj ikt på støvpartiklene i avgassen. I disse oljedråper og olj esj ikt løses klororganiske forbindelser, som f.eks. PCDD/PCDF. Man utnytter altså dermed absorpsjonen som rensemekanisme. This task is solved by using as an additive oily and organic substances based on mineral oils or native oils which are injected into the exhaust gas channel in the form of fine droplets, whereby the exhaust gas temperature is set so that any water that may occur does indeed evaporate, but the oily organic substances neither burn nor evaporate . Instead, oil droplets as well as thin oil slicks are formed on the dust particles in the exhaust gas. Organochlorine compounds, such as e.g. PCDD/PCDF. Absorption is therefore used as a cleaning mechanism.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører således en fremgangsmåte for rensing av ovnsavgasser hvor avgass-strømmen som kommer fra ovnen tilsettes støvformede tilsatsstoffer og ved den videre prosess blir tilsatsstoffene fraskilt på et dukfilter sammen med ellers i avgass-strømmen inneholdte innholdsstoffer, som er kjennetegnet ved at avgass-strømmen som inneholder de støvformede tilsatsstoffer før sin inngang i dukfilteret tilføres oljeaktige substanser i mengde fra 1 til 200 mg pr normalkubikkmeter avgass, idet avgass-strømmen avkjøles og temperaturen innstilles slik at de oljeaktige substanser hverken forbrenner eller fordamper. The present invention thus relates to a method for cleaning furnace exhaust gases where dust-shaped additives are added to the exhaust gas stream coming from the furnace and during the further process the additives are separated on a cloth filter together with other constituents contained in the exhaust gas stream, which is characterized by the fact that the exhaust gas before entering the cloth filter, the stream containing the dusty additives is fed with oily substances in amounts from 1 to 200 mg per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas, the exhaust gas stream being cooled and the temperature set so that the oily substances neither burn nor evaporate.
Bestemte grupper av organiske substanser inneholder også stoffer som undertrykker de katalytiske egenskaper av støvet i avgassen til dannelse av PCDD/PCDF. Dette skjer f.eks. derved at i støvet forekommende aktive tungmetallioner, som er av betydning som katalysator ved dannelsen av PCDD/PCDF bindes ved hjelp av aminer, sulfonater, glykolderivater etc, som forekommer i de oljeaktige organiske substanser. Certain groups of organic substances also contain substances that suppress the catalytic properties of the dust in the exhaust gas to form PCDD/PCDF. This happens e.g. whereby the active heavy metal ions present in the dust, which are of importance as a catalyst in the formation of PCDD/PCDF, are bound by means of amines, sulphonates, glycol derivatives, etc., which occur in the oily organic substances.
Ved den videre prosess blir støv og dråper på nytt fraskilt fra avgass-strømmen ved hjelp av de allerede nevnte filtreringsmetoder. In the further process, dust and droplets are again separated from the exhaust gas flow using the already mentioned filtration methods.
De oljeaktige organiske substanser inndyses i den ovnsvarme avgass som oljefase i en vann-oljeemulsjon. Ved vannets energiopptak ved fordampningen blir avgassen meget hurtig avkjølt under det kritiske temperaturområdet hvori PCDD/PCDF dannes. Avgasstemperaturen skal etter fordampning av vannet 1 den innsprøytede emulsjon ligge i området mellom 12 0 og The oily organic substances are injected into the furnace-heated exhaust gas as an oil phase in a water-oil emulsion. When the water absorbs energy during evaporation, the exhaust gas is cooled very quickly below the critical temperature range in which PCDD/PCDF are formed. After evaporation of the water 1 the injected emulsion, the exhaust gas temperature must be in the range between 12 0 and
2 80°C, foretrukket omtrent 200°C. Metallbearbeidings-emulsjoner eller emulsjoner fra valseverk, særlig fra aluminiumvalseverk, som er blitt ubrukelige for det opprinnelige formål, egner seg særlig godt som slike avkjølingsmidlér teknisk såvel som økonomisk. 2 80°C, preferably about 200°C. Metalworking emulsions or emulsions from rolling mills, especially from aluminum rolling mills, which have become unusable for their original purpose, are particularly well suited as such coolants technically as well as economically.
Mengden av tilsatte oljeaktige organiske substanser er avhengig av art og mengde av de i avgassen inneholdende for-■ urensninger. Mengden ligger i området fra 1 til 20 0 milligram pr normalkubikkmeter avgass. Por det meste ligger den mellom 10 og 100 mg/Nm<3> avgass. The quantity of added oily organic substances depends on the nature and quantity of the impurities contained in the exhaust gas. The amount is in the range from 1 to 200 milligrams per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas. In most cases it is between 10 and 100 mg/Nm<3> exhaust gas.
Når avgassen som skal renses av forskjellige grunner allerede er blitt avkjølt under det temperaturområdet hvori PCDD/PCDF dannes, er avkjølingen med vann, henholdsvis en vandig basisk løsning, ikke nødvendig. When the exhaust gas to be cleaned for various reasons has already been cooled below the temperature range in which PCDD/PCDF are formed, the cooling with water, or an aqueous basic solution, is not necessary.
I det overveiende antall anvendelsestilfeller må det også tilsettes basiske tilsatsstoffer som f.eks. kalk, da de sure komponenter overveier i avgassen og disse må nøytraliseres. In the majority of applications, basic additives such as e.g. lime, as the acidic components predominate in the exhaust gas and these must be neutralized.
Fig. 1 viser et prosesskjema for et anvendelseseksempel for fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen hvorved avgassen fra to trommelovner (1) behandles. Fig. 1 shows a process diagram for an application example for the method according to the invention whereby the exhaust gas from two drum furnaces (1) is treated.
Fra en beholder (3) tilføres emulsjonene. Fra en ytterligere beholder (4) tilsettes basiske tilsatsstoffer i vandig løsning. Tilsatsstoffene innsprøytes i avgasskanalen (2) gjennom dyser (5,6). På et i strømningsretningen like deretter liggende sted av avgasskanalen måles temperaturen av den nå avkjølte avgass. Avhengig av denne temperatur innstilles matepumpene (7,8) på en større eller mindre tilførselsgrad, slik at avgasstemperaturen på målestedet ligger ganske konstant ved ideelt 2 00°C til 22 0°C. The emulsions are supplied from a container (3). Basic additives in aqueous solution are added from a further container (4). The additives are injected into the exhaust duct (2) through nozzles (5,6). The temperature of the now-cooled exhaust gas is measured at a point immediately downstream of the exhaust gas channel. Depending on this temperature, the feed pumps (7,8) are set to a greater or lesser supply rate, so that the exhaust gas temperature at the measuring point is fairly constant at ideally 200°C to 220°C.
Ved den videre prosess passerer avgassen en separator (9) hvori den renses fra støvpartikler og dråper. In the further process, the exhaust gas passes a separator (9) in which it is cleaned of dust particles and droplets.
I stedet for å innsprøyte ferdige emulsjoner kan man også i henhold til oppfinnelsen separat innsprøyte de oljeaktige substanser, f.eks. bruktolje somi ellers er blitt ubrukbar, og vannet henholdsvis den vandige basiske løsning. Likeledes er det også mulig å innsprøyte en emulsjon med en høy andel olje fra en beholder og fra en ytterligere beholder innsprøyte vann henholdsvis en vandig basisk løsning. Man kan også tilføre de eventuelt nødvendige basiske tilsatsstoffer i støvform eller i en meget høykonsentrert løsning fra en tredje beholder. Derved blir det enkelt mulig å innstille mengden av de innsprøytede organiske komponenter propor-sjonalt med avgassmengden eller mengden av de skadelige stoffer, gjøre mengden av innsprøytet vann avhengig alene av den ønskede temperatur av avgass-strømmen etter fordampning av vannet og å regulere mengden av de tilsatte basiske stoffer alene etter mengden av de sure skadelige stoffer i avgassen. Instead of injecting finished emulsions, the oily substances can also be injected separately according to the invention, e.g. used oil which has otherwise become unusable, and the water respectively the aqueous basic solution. Likewise, it is also possible to inject an emulsion with a high proportion of oil from a container and from a further container inject water or an aqueous basic solution. You can also add the possibly necessary basic additives in dust form or in a very highly concentrated solution from a third container. Thereby, it becomes easily possible to set the amount of the injected organic components proportional to the amount of exhaust gas or the amount of harmful substances, to make the amount of injected water dependent solely on the desired temperature of the exhaust gas stream after evaporation of the water and to regulate the amount of the added basic substances alone according to the amount of acidic harmful substances in the exhaust gas.
Ved hjelp av to ovner hvormed sekundæraluminium av skrap-aluminium, aluminiumspon og aluminiumholdig slagg fra aluminiumstøpeovner nedsmeltes ble tilsatsstoffene testet med hensyn til deres virkning. Using two furnaces in which secondary aluminum from scrap aluminium, aluminum shavings and aluminum-containing slag from aluminum casting furnaces is melted down, the additives were tested with regard to their effect.
Avgassen fra begge ovner føres sammen i en kanal. Avgass-strømmen avkjøles og tilsettes tilsatsstoffer. Deretter ledes avgassen gjennom et posefilter hvori støvpartikler og dråper fraskilles. The exhaust gas from both furnaces is fed together in a channel. The exhaust gas stream is cooled and additives are added. The exhaust gas is then passed through a bag filter in which dust particles and droplets are separated.
Vanligvis avkjøles avgassen med omtrent 3 00 1 vann pr time, slik at temperaturen av avgass-strømmen synker til omtrent 200°C. Av tilsatsstoffer tilføres pr time 15 kg støvformet hydratkalk (Ca{OH)2). Det oppnås 100 - 200 kg filterstøv pr time. Avgassen som kommer fra posefilteret, den såkalte rengass, er derved ennå belastet med PCDD/PCDF i området noen få nanogram pr normalkubikkmeter. Usually, the exhaust gas is cooled with approximately 300 1 of water per hour, so that the temperature of the exhaust gas flow drops to approximately 200°C. Of additives, 15 kg of powdered hydrated lime (Ca{OH)2) are supplied per hour. 100 - 200 kg of filter dust is obtained per hour. The exhaust gas that comes from the bag filter, the so-called clean gas, is thereby still loaded with PCDD/PCDF in the range of a few nanograms per standard cubic metre.
Ved et sammenligningsforsøk ble det arbeidet med like stor ovnspåfylling og ovnsfyring. I avgass-strømmen ble det også innført den samme mengde avkjølingsvann og den samme mengde hydratkalk. Ytterligere ble det pr time i avgass-strømmen innsprøytet ytterligere 10 1 brukt valseoljeemulsjon fra et aluminiumvalseverk og da på det sted hvor også kjølevannet ble innsprøytet. Emulsjonen besto av 90 % vann og 10 % oljeaktige organiske substanser. Emulsjonen var sammensatt av 80 % mineralolje med midlere viskositet, 5 % native oljer, 10 % ikke-ionogene emulgatorer og 5 % ionogene emulgatorer (sulfonsyrederivater og etanolaminsåper). Dermed ble PCDD/PCDF-innholdet i rengassen senket til mindre enn 0,5 nanogram pr normalkubikkmeter, altså til en verdi omtrent 10 In a comparison experiment, work was carried out with the same amount of furnace filling and furnace firing. The same amount of cooling water and the same amount of hydrated lime were also introduced into the exhaust gas stream. Furthermore, an additional 10 1 of used rolling oil emulsion from an aluminum rolling mill was injected per hour into the exhaust gas stream, and then at the place where the cooling water was also injected. The emulsion consisted of 90% water and 10% oily organic substances. The emulsion was composed of 80% medium viscosity mineral oil, 5% native oils, 10% nonionic emulsifiers and 5% ionic emulsifiers (sulfonic acid derivatives and ethanolamine soaps). Thus, the PCDD/PCDF content in the clean gas was lowered to less than 0.5 nanograms per standard cubic meter, i.e. to a value of approximately 10
% av den opprinnelige. % of the original.
Mengde, konsistens og PCDD/PCDF-innhold i filterresten var ved de to sammenlignende metoder nesten like. Amount, consistency and PCDD/PCDF content in the filter residue were almost the same in the two comparative methods.
Selv om rengassen ved tilsetningen av oljeaktige organiske substanser i henhold til oppfinnelsen i avgasskanalen fremviste et tydelig nedsatt PCDD/PCDF-innhold, fremviste filterresten ikke noe signifikant forhøyet PCDD/PCDF-innhold. Although the clean gas by the addition of oily organic substances in accordance with the invention in the exhaust gas channel showed a clearly reduced PCDD/PCDF content, the filter residue did not show any significantly increased PCDD/PCDF content.
Dette er et tegn på at substansene som i henhold til oppfinnelsen tilsettes ikke bare absorberer PCDD/PCDF men også hindrer deres dannelse. This is a sign that the substances added according to the invention not only absorb PCDD/PCDF but also prevent their formation.
Massen av de organiske substanser som i henhold til oppfinnelsen tilsettes utgjorde mindre enn 1 % av massen av den separerte filterrest. Derved er det tydelig at det ytterligere kan tilsettes vesentlig mer organiske substanser uten at filterresten derved på noen farlig måte ble antennbar. The mass of the organic substances added according to the invention constituted less than 1% of the mass of the separated filter residue. Thereby, it is clear that substantially more organic substances can be added without the filter residue thereby becoming inflammable in any dangerous way.
Det ble derved tydelig at det uten problemer også kan tilsettes en så stor mengde av de oljeaktige organiske substanser som tilsatsstoff at det derved kan oppnås en like god rensevirkning som ved tilsetning av den maksimalt mulige mengde av aktivkull. It thereby became clear that such a large amount of the oily organic substances can also be added as an additive without problems that an equally good cleaning effect can be achieved by adding the maximum possible amount of activated carbon.
De tilførte organiske substanser som i henhold til oppfinnelsen tilføres er i alle fall vesentlig billigere med hensyn til virkning som tilsatsstoff enn godt sammenlignbare aktivkull. Når det kan anvendes bruktoljer og bruktemul-sjoner kan man dermed endog unngå bortskaffingsomkostninger som ellers ville opptre for disse substanser. The added organic substances that are added according to the invention are in any case significantly cheaper with regard to their effect as an additive than well-comparable activated carbon. When used oils and used emulsions can be used, disposal costs that would otherwise occur for these substances can thus even be avoided.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0070794A AT400530B (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-04-06 | METHOD FOR PURIFYING OVEN EXHAUST GASES |
| PCT/EP1995/001243 WO1995027553A1 (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1995-04-05 | Method of purifying oven exhaust gases |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO964234L NO964234L (en) | 1996-10-04 |
| NO964234D0 NO964234D0 (en) | 1996-10-04 |
| NO315411B1 true NO315411B1 (en) | 2003-09-01 |
Family
ID=3497685
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19964234A NO315411B1 (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1996-10-04 | Procedure for cleaning furnace exhaust |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0754089B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT400530B (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ286746B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59502766D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0754089T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2121372T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI963969A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO315411B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995027553A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9615358D0 (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1996-09-04 | Dow Deutschland Inc | Process for reducing the concentration of polyhalogenated aromatic compounds or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in a flue gas |
| GR20060100126A (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-10-02 | Διονυσιος Χοϊδας | Methods and devices for binding dioxins produced during combustion of organic matter |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2511181C3 (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1978-09-14 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Process for cleaning exhaust gases from paint shops |
| EP0112053B1 (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1986-08-27 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Mineral oil based scrubbing liquid composition |
| DE3612259A1 (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-14 | Tvt Theisen Verfahrenstechnik | SOLVENT ELIMINATION METHOD FOR PURIFYING AIR FROM SOLVENT DAMPERS |
| DD250263A1 (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1987-10-08 | Zeitz Hydrierwerk | PROCESS FOR ABSORPTION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM EXHAUST GASES OF THE REFINATION OF TRANSFORMER OILS |
| DD250264A1 (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1987-10-08 | Zeitz Hydrierwerk | PROCESS FOR ABSORPTION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM EXHAUST GASES OF THE REFINATION OF ALTOELS |
| KR890009453A (en) * | 1987-12-25 | 1989-08-02 | 무라다 마꼬도 | Method and Apparatus for Treating Waste Gas Containing Prune 113 |
| US5043150A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1991-08-27 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Reducing emissions of N2 O when burning nitrogen containing fuels in fluidized bed reactors |
| DE4116515C2 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1995-05-18 | Dietrich Dr Radke | Method and device for cleaning solvent vapors and other gases containing oil-soluble pollutants |
| US5198000A (en) * | 1990-09-10 | 1993-03-30 | The University Of Connecticut | Method and apparatus for removing gas phase organic contaminants |
| DE4109991C1 (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1992-06-25 | Metallwarenfabrik Stockach Gmbh, 7768 Stockach, De | |
| DE4119006A1 (en) * | 1991-06-08 | 1992-12-10 | Babcock Anlagen Gmbh | Removal of prods. of incomplete combustion from waste gas - comprises paraffin addn. during wet scrubbing |
| DE4129566A1 (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-03-11 | Thueringische Faser Ag Schwarz | Absorption of hydrogen sulphide from waste contg. carbon di:sulphide from viscose prodn. - in sodium hydroxide soln. contg. silicone oil or paraffin or alcohol |
| DE4141529C2 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 2000-12-21 | Gewerk Keramchemie | Exhaust air purification process |
| DE4208456C2 (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1994-12-08 | Martin Kopp | Method and device for cleaning the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines |
-
1994
- 1994-04-06 AT AT0070794A patent/AT400530B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-04-05 ES ES95915847T patent/ES2121372T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-05 DK DK95915847T patent/DK0754089T3/en active
- 1995-04-05 AT AT95915847T patent/ATE168034T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-05 WO PCT/EP1995/001243 patent/WO1995027553A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-05 EP EP95915847A patent/EP0754089B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-05 DE DE59502766T patent/DE59502766D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-05 CZ CZ19962870A patent/CZ286746B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-10-03 FI FI963969A patent/FI963969A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-04 NO NO19964234A patent/NO315411B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI963969A0 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| AT400530B (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| EP0754089A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| ATE168034T1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
| ES2121372T3 (en) | 1998-11-16 |
| CZ286746B6 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
| CZ287096A3 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| ATA70794A (en) | 1995-06-15 |
| DE59502766D1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
| NO964234L (en) | 1996-10-04 |
| EP0754089B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
| DK0754089T3 (en) | 1998-11-16 |
| FI963969A (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| WO1995027553A1 (en) | 1995-10-19 |
| NO964234D0 (en) | 1996-10-04 |
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