NO174811B - Termoplastiske forgrenede polykarbonater - Google Patents
Termoplastiske forgrenede polykarbonater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO174811B NO174811B NO892796A NO892796A NO174811B NO 174811 B NO174811 B NO 174811B NO 892796 A NO892796 A NO 892796A NO 892796 A NO892796 A NO 892796A NO 174811 B NO174811 B NO 174811B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- bis
- hydroxyphenyl
- polycarbonates
- units derived
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 halogenated triphenyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JGMXHTPPZYBREQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4,6-bis(4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1NC1=NC(NC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=NC(NC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=N1 JGMXHTPPZYBREQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZHQJVZLJDXWFFX-RPDRRWSUSA-N (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=N[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C)CN=C21 ZHQJVZLJDXWFFX-RPDRRWSUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MEQCXWDKLOGGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3,4,5-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1OC(C(Cl)=O)C(C(Cl)=O)C1C(Cl)=O MEQCXWDKLOGGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFCQTAXSWSWIHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WFCQTAXSWSWIHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WLJNZVDCPSBLRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pamoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=C(C=3O)C(=O)O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 WLJNZVDCPSBLRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 36
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVPYQKSLYISFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 AVPYQKSLYISFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSYGTCNPCHQRKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KSYGTCNPCHQRKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005965 SO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrachlorobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation
- C08G64/08—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
- C08G64/10—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen containing halogens
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8821283A IT1226653B (it) | 1988-07-08 | 1988-07-08 | Policarbonati resistenti alla fiamma contenenti unita' derivanti da composti trifenilici alogenati. |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO892796D0 NO892796D0 (no) | 1989-07-06 |
| NO892796L NO892796L (no) | 1990-01-09 |
| NO174811B true NO174811B (no) | 1994-04-05 |
| NO174811C NO174811C (da) | 1994-07-13 |
Family
ID=11179517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO892796A NO174811B (no) | 1988-07-08 | 1989-07-06 | Termoplastiske forgrenede polykarbonater |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5047498A (da) |
| EP (1) | EP0350088B1 (da) |
| JP (1) | JPH0267317A (da) |
| KR (1) | KR920007758B1 (da) |
| AT (1) | ATE115979T1 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE68920078D1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK335089A (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1226653B (da) |
| NO (1) | NO174811B (da) |
| ZA (1) | ZA894545B (da) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0819412B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-14 | 1996-02-28 | 帝人化成株式会社 | 粒状難燃剤の製造方法 |
| KR100419857B1 (ko) * | 1997-08-26 | 2004-09-24 | 주식회사 삼양사 | 분지상 폴리카보네이트 수지 |
| KR101037302B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-05-26 | 주식회사 피앤이솔루션 | Ｓｃｒ의 구동 회로 |
| CN114456366B (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-11-11 | 四川大学 | 低烟低热本征阻燃共聚碳酸酯及制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1263543A (fr) * | 1959-07-17 | 1961-06-09 | Kodak Pathe | Nouveau bisphénol, polycarbonates d'un tel bisphénol et ses applications industrielles, notamment, comme support de film photographique |
| US3038880A (en) * | 1959-07-17 | 1962-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Block copolymers of polycarbonates from 2-phenyl-bisphenol a and 4, 4'-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-methyl-dihalophenylmethanes and the latter compounds per se |
| GB943920A (da) * | 1959-07-17 | 1900-01-01 |
-
1988
- 1988-07-08 IT IT8821283A patent/IT1226653B/it active
-
1989
- 1989-06-12 US US07/365,958 patent/US5047498A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-14 ZA ZA894545A patent/ZA894545B/xx unknown
- 1989-06-16 DE DE68920078T patent/DE68920078D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-16 AT AT89201579T patent/ATE115979T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-16 EP EP89201579A patent/EP0350088B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-29 KR KR1019890009016A patent/KR920007758B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-06 NO NO892796A patent/NO174811B/no unknown
- 1989-07-06 DK DK335089A patent/DK335089A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-07 JP JP1174344A patent/JPH0267317A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO174811C (da) | 1994-07-13 |
| ATE115979T1 (de) | 1995-01-15 |
| EP0350088A2 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
| DK335089A (da) | 1990-01-09 |
| DK335089D0 (da) | 1989-07-06 |
| NO892796L (no) | 1990-01-09 |
| EP0350088A3 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
| DE68920078D1 (de) | 1995-02-02 |
| JPH0267317A (ja) | 1990-03-07 |
| NO892796D0 (no) | 1989-07-06 |
| ZA894545B (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| EP0350088B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
| IT8821283A0 (it) | 1988-07-08 |
| IT1226653B (it) | 1991-01-31 |
| KR900001788A (ko) | 1990-02-27 |
| KR920007758B1 (ko) | 1992-09-17 |
| US5047498A (en) | 1991-09-10 |
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