NO170990B - METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT CONSTRUCTIONS IN CONCRETE AND ELEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for erecting modular constructions in concrete and elements for carrying out the method such as docks. Especially with regard to quays that are erected on cast-in-place piles.

The construction methods used to build quays,

can be divided into two main groups. One of the methods is based on

that formwork is set up and the whole thing is cast in place. The second consists in the entire construction being assembled from elements that are cast in suitable premises. Such a method is described in FR patent 2,030,822.

FR patent no. 2,030,822 mentions conventional element construction where prefabricated elements are laid on

console. The console is not placed on a cast

steel pipe flutes, but on a column. Here, no problems with eccentricity arise.

Casting in place of quays consists of formwork for vertical columns, girders and the deck and these are cast in several operations or all at once. Very extensive, expensive and time-consuming work is carried out on the construction site, under the quay and in the tidal zone. A somewhat simplified casting of a column is described in US patent no. 1,496,819. In US Patent No. 3,855,375

is described a formwork system for casting cover between columns.

Furthermore, under such conditions, outside and perhaps in salt water spray, it is difficult to achieve good quality of the concrete. The formwork that is required is expensive and is usually only held by larger contractors.

Foundations of cast-in-place pier buildings,

can usually be done in three different ways:

- Steel pipes are piled down to a load-bearing layer or i

form of "floating pillars", which stand with the help of friction in the masses. - Casting of foundations on the seabed, to which steel pipes or other similar formwork are attached and cast, wet or dry. Provides containment at the bottom. - Complete form, preferably in steel, which is placed over

drilled rock bolts on the bottom and are cast wet up to the console.

The three ways of casting columns can be used as a starting point for the use of the present invention.

When erecting constructions where one of the methods for casting piles is used and the method with prefabricated girders,

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the girders will be able to be attached to the pile top in different ways, but which one is used the most. A girder is placed on top of the pile by having a circular recess in the girder, which is placed over a bolt, dowel or similar that stands up from the column. The problem here is that you get small tolerances during piling, in order to achieve that the bolt hits the hole. It is common during piling work to accept tolerances of 300 ram from the theoretical pile centre. Here, large expenses are easily incurred for the contractor and/or client, whose piles have to be demolished. When constructions are to be lifted up by prefabricated girders, a large crane capacity is required due to the large weight.

Both of the aforementioned methods are expensive and time-consuming, which are decisive factors in the construction and construction of quays.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for the construction and erection of quays which is cost-saving compared to other known methods. An essential purpose is to provide a construction which, during on-site assembly, requires the fewest possible work operations in hard-to-reach places such as under the quay and in the tide pool, and the least possible casting under conditions where quality control is difficult to carry out. A further purpose is to avoid large space-consuming and expensive cranes during the construction of the quay building.

This is achieved by piling pipes into the ground, on top of which a simple support is clamped around the pipe and a cantilever formwork is fixed on top of that, which can adjust the center top of the column. Column and console are molded together. Prefabricated girder elements are attached to the top of the console and constitute the formwork for casting the cores of the girder in place.

Further details of the invention will appear from the subsequent description, claims and drawings. Figure la, b and c: Casting of the column and installation for girders on the column top, the console.

Figure 2: Assembly of girder elements on console.

Figure 3: Formwork of the girder base.

Figure 4: Girder elements with cast-in-place core.

Figure 5: Placement of girder elements and where these are reinforced together with girder core and quay deck.

The foundation of the quay building is done by driving steel pipes down into the seabed to a suitable depth or they reach mountains, and they terminate above the waterline. These pipes will be formwork for the casting of columns 1, but before this a formwork will be created for a console 2 on top of column 1 so that the console 2 and the column can be cast together. Around the top of the steel pipe, a formwork foot 3 is attached. This could consist of a cylindrical part that goes outside the steel pipe and is split vertically and where these end as a bracket 4 to be clamped firmly around the steel pipe when tightening bolts. Horizontally from this cylinder, there are supports 5 distributed around the peripheries, and with such lengths that they can support a square formwork base 6 lying horizontally on them.

On this wreath of supports 5, the formwork base 6 and a square console formwork 7 are placed. The console 2 is adjusted to the theoretical pile center, even if the pile deviates from this after piling. The consoles take up torque due to eccentricity during the construction phase. The formwork base 6 has a circular hole that matches the pipe top. After the reinforcement has been placed, the column 1 and the console 2 are cast together. Column reinforcement 9 will protrude from the console 2 in order to be connected to the core of the girder. On the console 2, two or more girder fasteners 8 are cast in. This is flat steel that will be used to attach the girder elements 10 to the console 2 before casting the core.

Figure 2 shows how two girder elements 10 are placed at a certain horizontal distance from each other on the console 2. These will form the side edges of a formwork for casting the core and bottom of the girder. In the lower side edge of the girder elements 10 towards the center line of the girder, there are attachment plates 11 which correspond to the girder mounts 8 on the console 2, so that these can be welded together. The girder elements 10 are prefabricated concrete elements with horizontal grooves 17. Figure 5 shows a cross-section of a finished girder with girder elements 10, cast-in-place girder core 12, adhesive reinforcement 13 and shear braces 14. The shear braces 14 can be designed differently than shown in the figure, and serve to absorb shear forces in the cross-section together with the hoops which are located at the outermost part of the girder elements 10.

Figure 3 shows how to use the girder elements 10 together with a frame 15 in order to be able to cast the girder core 12. The frame 15 has a vertically adjustable framework, several of which are placed along the entire length of the girder, a J bottom plate 16 and thrust beams below this. The frame 15 is easy to adapt to beams with different cross-sections.

When the frame 15 is mounted; the girder core 12 can be reinforced and cast. The formwork foot 3, the formwork base 6, the console formwork 7 and the frame 15 are dismantled after the concrete has solidified.

The carrier elements 10 can have two or more grooves 17.

Such a solution with only prefabricated girder side elements means that the requirement for crane capacity can be reduced and a far simpler formwork can be used than if the entire girder had to be cast in place.

The grooves 17 and the adhesive reinforcement 13 must act together so that the cross-section can be considered laomogenic after casting the core.

The girder elements 10 are also equipped with a longitudinal main reinforcement which carries the girder elements 10 and the girder core 12 in the casting phase. There is also reinforcement reinforcement for handling with a construction crane or truck as well as cast-in lifting devices.

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Claims (5)

1. Method for the construction of prefab constructions in concrete, especially quays, where pipe piles are driven into the ground and where their actual center may deviate from the theoretical center and where concrete is poured into the pipe piles to form columns (1) and where a console (2) which constitutes a layout for girder elements (10) is connected to the columns (1), characterized by a horizontal formwork foot (3) being arranged at the top of the pipe pile to support a formwork that is built so that the casting of column (1) and console (2) can take place simultaneously, the console (2) being arranged centrically in relation to the theoretical vertical column center and with girder fasteners (8) embedded in the console (2) for retaining two prefabricated girder elements (10) which are placed on top of the console (2) at a horizontal distance from each other and centered about the center of the console (2), and where a bottom plate (16) is arranged between the girder elements (10) at their lower edges, the bottom plate (16) and the prefabricated girder elements (10) being held together by several at a horizontal distance from each other and fixed to the girder elements (10) arranged support devices for the bottom plate (16) so that a girder core (12) can be cast between the girder elements (10) and form a homogeneous cross-section. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during prefabrication of the sides in a girder element (10) reinforcement is inserted which protrudes from one main plane of the girder element (10) so that the reinforcement in two girder elements (10) faces each other when the girder elements (10) are placed on the console (2). 3. Element for use when carrying out the method according to the preceding claims, characterized by a cylindrical part with projecting formwork feet (3), the cylindrical part being vertically split at least in one place and designed with brackets (4) through which bolts can be placed to clamp the cylindrical part firmly to the pipe pile, and where a formwork base (6) with square cantilever formwork (7) is placed on top of the formwork feet (3) in which right-angled girder element fasteners (8) for girder elements (10) are placed. 4. Element according to claim 3 characterized in that the girder element (10) is rectilinear and has an approximately rectangular cross-section. 5. Element according to claim 4, characterized in that one main plane of the girder element (10) is designed with at least two recesses which form longitudinal grooves (17) in the one main plane of the girder element (10).