NO164117B - INSULATION ELEMENT. - Google Patents
INSULATION ELEMENT. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO164117B NO164117B NO823020A NO823020A NO164117B NO 164117 B NO164117 B NO 164117B NO 823020 A NO823020 A NO 823020A NO 823020 A NO823020 A NO 823020A NO 164117 B NO164117 B NO 164117B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- plate body
- insulation element
- grooves
- flushing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 19
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002253 Tannate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004117 Lignosulphonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
Abstract
Description
Leirspylinger på vannbasis. Water-based clay washes.
Oppfinnelsens gjenstand er en forbedret borespyling til nedføring av olje- og gassboringer. The object of the invention is an improved drill flushing for lowering oil and gas wells.
Ved boring av dypboringer anvendes normalt en spylevæske på vannbasis. Denne væske som pumpes inn i borestangen og igjen stiger opp mellom stangen og borhullveggen har å oppfylle flere funksjoner. Den virker som avkjølende og smørende medium for meiselen, kompenserer dannede trykk, fungerer som transportmiddel for det utborede gods pg frembringer et avtettende sjikt på den åpne borhullvegg. When drilling deep boreholes, a water-based flushing fluid is normally used. This liquid, which is pumped into the drill rod and again rises between the rod and the borehole wall, has several functions to fulfill. It acts as a cooling and lubricating medium for the chisel, compensates pressures, acts as a means of transport for the excavated material because it produces a sealing layer on the open borehole wall.
Vanligvis består slike væsker av en vandig suspensjon av svellende eller hydratiserbar leire, som f.eks. bentonitt, eller slike leirer, resp. finfordelte materialer som dannes under borings- Typically, such fluids consist of an aqueous suspension of swelling or hydratable clay, such as bentonite, or similar clays, resp. finely divided materials formed during drilling
forløpet. Dertil tilsettes andre stoffer, f.eks. tyngdemidler for the course. Other substances are added to it, e.g. gravity means for
å kompensere dannede høye trykk, organiske kolloider som f.eks. karboksy-metylcellulose, lawiskos stivelse, polyakrylater o.l. som skal understøtte dannelsen av avtettende sjikt på veggen. Disse for-holdsregler blir nødvendig når infiltrasjonen av ukontrollerbare vannmengder må unngås i borhullets omgivelser (regulering av vanntapet). Fordi spylingene skal ha den funksjon å transportere ut-horet gods oppad er det nødvendig at væsken har en bestemt strømnings-karakter. to compensate formed high pressures, organic colloids such as e.g. carboxymethylcellulose, Lawiskos starch, polyacrylates etc. which will support the formation of a sealing layer on the wall. These precautions become necessary when the infiltration of uncontrollable amounts of water must be avoided in the surroundings of the borehole (regulation of water loss). Because the flushing must have the function of transporting the discharged material upwards, it is necessary that the liquid has a specific flow character.
Viskositeten skal være høy nok til å transportere bor-subb, imidlertid på den annen side ikké så høy at det oppstår trykk-vanskeligheter i pumpesystemet. Samtidig kreves at borespylingens geleringstendens som oppstår i hviletilstand hindrer en avsetning av boreslam, f.eks. når væskens sirkulasjon av en eller annen grunn må avbrytes. Også denne karakteristiske størrelse av flyteforholdet (gelstyrke) må kunne styres således at ved gjenopptagning av sirku-lasjonen inntrer ingen pumpevanskeligheter. The viscosity must be high enough to transport boron-sub, however, on the other hand, not so high that pressure difficulties arise in the pumping system. At the same time, it is required that the gelling tendency of the drilling fluid which occurs in a state of rest prevents a deposit of drilling mud, e.g. when the fluid's circulation must be interrupted for one reason or another. This characteristic size of the flow ratio (gel strength) must also be able to be controlled so that no pumping difficulties occur when circulation is resumed.
For styring av flyteegenskapene og dermed borespylingens konsistens anvendes forskjellige kjemikalier - generelt betegnet som flytendegjørere - som f.eks. polyfosfater, tannater, humater eller lignosulfonater. Av disse har lignosulfonatene som er modifisert delvis med krom under oksydasjon innført seg i praksis og delvis fortrengt polyfosfater, tannater og humater. Enskjønt disse således fremstilte lignosulfonater, såkalte kromlignosulfonater også betegnet som (ferro)-kromlignosulfonater og de spylevellinger som inneholder disse ikke er så følsomme overfør elektrolyttforurensninger, som polyfosfat-, tannat- eller humatholdige systemer, kan det ved økende elektrolyttbeskadigelse, slik de forårsakes ved praktisk boring ved opptak av natriumklorid og/eller kalsiumsulfat ikke sees bort fra medanvendelsen av organiske beskyttelseskollolder for regulering av vanntapet. Tvangsmessig økes ved tilsetningen av slike kolloide stoffer spylevæskens viskositet, en effekt som løper sammen med virkningen av flytendegjørere. Humater, som ansees som virksomme bestanddeler av jordkull (lignitter) er ifølge deres struktur høy-molekylære og har kolloidal karakter. Deres flytendegjørende virk-ning er riktignok kjent, imidlertid kunne de ikke samtidig overta funksjonen av et beskyttelseskolloid da de selv er meget følsomme overfor elektrolyter. To control the flow properties and thus the consistency of the drilling fluid, various chemicals - generally referred to as liquefiers - are used, such as e.g. polyphosphates, tannates, humates or lignosulfonates. Of these, the lignosulphonates, which are partially modified with chromium during oxidation, have been introduced in practice and have partially displaced polyphosphates, tannates and humates. Although these lignosulfonates produced in this way, so-called chromium lignosulfonates also referred to as (ferro)-chromium lignosulfonates and the flushing solutions containing these are not so sensitive to electrolyte contamination, such as polyphosphate, tannate or humate-containing systems, increasing electrolyte damage, such as is caused by practical drilling when absorbing sodium chloride and/or calcium sulphate is not disregarded from the co-use of organic protective carbons for regulating the water loss. Inevitably, the addition of such colloidal substances increases the viscosity of the flushing liquid, an effect which runs together with the effect of liquefiers. Humates, which are considered to be active constituents of coal (lignites), are, according to their structure, high-molecular and have a colloidal character. Their liquefying effect is certainly known, however, they could not simultaneously take over the function of a protective colloid as they themselves are very sensitive to electrolytes.
Den erkjennelse, at ved kombinert anvendelse av lignosulfonater og humater - betinget ved en synergistisk effekt - gjør det mulig å oppnå en tilstrekkelig kontroll av de rheologiske egenskaper og også av vanntapet av et spylesystem, er et stort fremskritt. The realization that the combined use of lignosulfonates and humates - conditional on a synergistic effect - makes it possible to achieve a sufficient control of the rheological properties and also of the water loss of a flushing system, is a great advance.
Det er videre kjent å behandle lignit med kromat eller dikromat og å anvende de herav resulterende produkter, såkalt kromlignit, i kombinasjon med kromlignosulfonat. It is also known to treat lignite with chromate or dichromate and to use the resulting products, so-called chrome lignite, in combination with chrome lignosulfonate.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse oppnås forbedringen av de i og for seg kjente lignosulfonater resp. de i og for seg kjente humater, for det meste kalt lignitter ved at det i molekylet inn-føres kobolt som kation. Fremgangsmåten til fremstilling av slike forbindelser skal beskrives kort: According to the present invention, the improvement of the per se known lignosulfonates or the known humates in and of themselves, mostly called lignites because cobalt is introduced into the molecule as a cation. The procedure for the production of such compounds shall be briefly described:
a) Lignosulfonater. a) Lignosulfonates.
Den i cellulosefabrikker dannede sulfitavlut - den It in cellulose factories formed sulphite liquor - the
består i det vesentlige av en vandig oppløsning av kalsiumlignin-sulfonat - omsettes med et vannoppløselig koboltsalt, hvis anion med kalsium danner et i vann tungt oppløselig salt, fortrinnsvis kobolt-sulfat. Det ved denne dobbelte omsetning utfelte kalsiumsulfat fjernes ved filtrering, den vandige oppløsning av koboltligninsulfonat inndampes og forstøves. essentially consists of an aqueous solution of calcium lignin sulphonate - is reacted with a water-soluble cobalt salt, the anion of which with calcium forms a poorly water-soluble salt, preferably cobalt sulphate. The calcium sulfate precipitated by this double reaction is removed by filtration, the aqueous solution of cobalt lignin sulfonate is evaporated and atomized.
Ved siden av kobolt kan slike lignosulfonater også inneholde andre tungmetaller, f.eks. nikkel, kobber og fortrinnsvis jern. Koboltinnholdet skal herved, beregnet som CoO, utgjøre ca. In addition to cobalt, such lignosulfonates may also contain other heavy metals, e.g. nickel, copper and preferably iron. The cobalt content, calculated as CoO, should therefore amount to approx.
0,3 til 2,5 vektprosent,'fortrinnsvis 0,8 til 1,3 vektprosent, mens innholdet av andre tungmetaller likeledes beregnet som oksyd kan utgjøre inntil ca. 5 vektprosent, imidlertid skal det fortrinnsvis ligge under 3 vektprosent. 0.3 to 2.5 percent by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.3 percent by weight, while the content of other heavy metals likewise calculated as oxide can amount to approx. 5 percent by weight, however, it should preferably be below 3 percent by weight.
b) Ligniter. b) Lignites.
Den på bergmannsvis fremstilte jordfarge, et fortrinn The earthy color produced in Bergmann's style, an advantage
til brunkull, behandles i vandig medium med et oppløselig koboltsalt. Etter avslutning av den herved foregående reaksjon behandles blandingen med en tilstrekkelig mengde alkalimetallhydroksyd, således at oppslemningen når en pH-verdi på minst 9. Det etter tørkning foreliggende produkt betegnes i det følgende med kobolt-lignit. to lignite, is treated in an aqueous medium with a soluble cobalt salt. After completion of the foregoing reaction, the mixture is treated with a sufficient amount of alkali metal hydroxide, so that the slurry reaches a pH value of at least 9. The product present after drying is hereinafter referred to as cobalt lignite.
Det ble nå funnet at styringen av filtreringsegen-skapene og flyteegenskapene av borspylinger begunstiges i uventet grad når det i leirspylinger på vannbasis kommer til anvendelse en kombinasjon av de ovenfor nevnte koboltforbindelser, dvs. av kobolt-(ferro)-lignosulfonat og kobolt-lignit. De anvendte mengder i leir-spylingen ligger ved kobolt-ligninsulfonat mellom 5 og 50 kg, fortrinnsvis 15 til 25 kg, ved kobolt-lignit mellom 2 og 50 kg» hver gang beregnet pr. spylevæske. Vektsforholdet mellom kobolt-ligninsulfonat og koboltlignit, skal fortrinnsvis velges således at det på 1 del kobolt-lignit kommer 1 til 4 deler kobolt-ligninsulfonat. It was now found that the control of the filtration properties and the flow properties of drill washes is favored to an unexpected degree when a combination of the above-mentioned cobalt compounds, i.e. of cobalt (ferrous) lignosulphonate and cobalt lignite, is used in water-based clay washes. The quantities used in the clay flushing are for cobalt-lignin sulphonate between 5 and 50 kg, preferably 15 to 25 kg, for cobalt-lignite between 2 and 50 kg" each time calculated per flushing fluid. The weight ratio between cobalt lignin sulphonate and cobalt lignite should preferably be chosen so that 1 part cobalt lignite contains 1 to 4 parts cobalt lignin sulphonate.
Ved tilberedning av spylevæsken» ifølge oppfinnelsen kommer det hensiktsmessig til anvendelse alkalihydroksyder i mengder som er tilstrekkelig til å opprettholde en pH-verdi over 7. When preparing the flushing liquid according to the invention, alkali hydroxides are suitably used in quantities sufficient to maintain a pH value above 7.
I den nedenfor oppførte tabell oppstilles en vanlig feltspyling uten og med tilsetning av oksydativt fremstilt krom-ligninaulfonat resp. kromlignit overfor en spylevæske ifølge oppfinnelsen med koboltligninsulfonat og koboltlignit. Måleresultatene viser at ved behandling med koboltforbindelsene under bibehold av de gunstige rheologiske egenskaper inntrer en drastisk nedsetning av vanntapet. In the table listed below, a normal field rinse is set out without and with the addition of oxidatively produced chromium lignin aulfonate or chrome lignite versus a flushing liquid according to the invention with cobalt lignin sulphonate and cobalt lignite. The measurement results show that when treated with the cobalt compounds while maintaining the favorable rheological properties, a drastic reduction in water loss occurs.
Fremstillingen av koboltligninsulfonat foregikk etter den under a) beskrevne metode således at det i sluttproduktet er tilstede ca. 1 vektprosent kobolt. Fremstillingen av koboltlignit foregikk etter den ovenfor under b) beskrevne behandlingsmåte, således at det i sluttproduktet er tilstede ca. 0,5 vektprosent kobolt. The production of cobalt lignin sulphonate took place according to the method described under a) so that the final product contains approx. 1 weight percent cobalt. The production of cobalt lignite took place according to the processing method described above under b), so that the final product contains approx. 0.5% by weight cobalt.
Måleprosesser og apparater ifølge API kode RP 29. Measuring processes and devices according to API code RP 29.
Spyling A: Feltspyling, inneholdende ca. 5 til 6 vektprosent hydratiserbar leire (natriurabentonit) såvel som inerte leir-aktige faststoffer inntil en tetthet av spylingen på 1,20 og videre 2 vektprosent NaCl og 0,5 vektprosent CaSO^ . 2H20. Flushing A: Field flushing, containing approx. 5 to 6 weight percent hydratable clay (sodium bentonite) as well as inert clay-like solids up to a density of the flush of 1.20 and further 2 weight percent NaCl and 0.5 weight percent CaSO^ . 2H20.
Spyling B: A + 2% kromligninsulfonat + Vf> kromlignit Flushing B: A + 2% chrome lignin sulfonate + Vf> chrome lignite
+ NaOH til pH <^10,5. + NaOH until pH <^10.5.
Spyling C: A + 2% koboltligninsulfonat + 1% kobolt-lignit + NaOH til pH<*>vilO,5 (ifølge oppfinnelsen). Flushing C: A + 2% cobalt lignin sulfonate + 1% cobalt lignite + NaOH to pH<*>vil0.5 (according to the invention).
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813115026 DE3115026A1 (en) | 1981-04-14 | 1981-04-14 | Insulating element |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO823020L NO823020L (en) | 1984-03-08 |
| NO164117B true NO164117B (en) | 1990-05-21 |
| NO164117C NO164117C (en) | 1990-08-29 |
Family
ID=6130106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO823020A NO164117C (en) | 1981-04-14 | 1982-09-07 | INSULATION ELEMENT. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | ATE26319T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE8111266U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK154708C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI75628C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO164117C (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3310013A1 (en) * | 1983-03-19 | 1984-09-27 | Drefahl, Jens, Ing.(grad.), 6458 Rodenbach | Composite structure consisting of filter layer, drain layer and heat-insulation layer |
| CH661309A5 (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1987-07-15 | Dow Chemical Europ | THERMAL INSULATION PLATE FOR EXTERIOR INSULATION AND EXTERNAL DRAINAGE OF BUILDING PARTS. |
| FI69336C (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1986-01-10 | Rakennusvalmiste Oy | REFERENCES |
| EP0224638A3 (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-12-23 | Niederberg-Chemie GmbH | Sealing for contaminated sites, in particular waste deposits |
| DE3636207A1 (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-04-28 | Lentia Gmbh | Drainage laminate |
| DE8704772U1 (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1987-07-09 | Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4709 Bergkamen, De | |
| DE9005083U1 (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1990-08-02 | Schuepstuhl, Paul, Dipl.-Ing. Architekt, 5757 Wickede, De | |
| DE9101883U1 (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1991-07-18 | Gefinex Gesellschaft Fuer Innovative Extrusionsprodukte Mbh, 4803 Steinhagen, De | |
| DE4119493C2 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1998-11-26 | Gefinex Gmbh | Building protection |
| DE9111965U1 (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1992-10-22 | Fa. Karl Bachl, 8391 Roehrnbach, De | |
| DE9314274U1 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1993-12-09 | Schwenk Daemmtechnik Gmbh & Co | Drainage plate made of rigid plastic foam |
| DE4419164C1 (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1996-03-21 | Kowalewski Bernd Dipl Ing Fh | Moisture insulation and dispersal system at foot of wall |
| US5511346A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-04-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Thermoplastic foam insulation and drainage board and method of using in below-grade applications |
| US5704172A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1998-01-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Rigid foam board and foundation insulation system and method for treating same with insecticide/termiticide |
| DE19609267A1 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-04 | Helmut Rentzsch | Vertical construction sealing against seepage water for ascending walls |
| DE19610413C2 (en) * | 1996-03-16 | 2001-05-31 | Heidelberger Daemmsysteme Gmbh | Drainage, sealing and / or thermal insulation board |
| DE19647232A1 (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-12 | Gse Lining Technology Gmbh | Panel cladding concrete walls of building structures, pipelines or vessels preventing ingress or egress |
| DE10252539B3 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-08-19 | Ewald Dörken Ag | Dimpled membrane for sealing buildings |
| WO2006081063A2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Polymeric foam with irregular surfaces |
| US10480188B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-11-19 | Ross Power Investments Inc. | Insulation and ventilation systems for building structures |
-
1981
- 1981-04-14 DE DE19818111266U patent/DE8111266U1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-14 DE DE19813115026 patent/DE3115026A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1982
- 1982-09-03 AT AT82108142T patent/ATE26319T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-07 NO NO823020A patent/NO164117C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-07 FI FI823087A patent/FI75628C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-17 DK DK415682A patent/DK154708C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK154708C (en) | 1989-05-29 |
| DE3115026A1 (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| ATE26319T1 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
| FI75628C (en) | 1988-07-11 |
| DK154708B (en) | 1988-12-12 |
| NO164117C (en) | 1990-08-29 |
| DK415682A (en) | 1984-03-18 |
| NO823020L (en) | 1984-03-08 |
| FI823087A0 (en) | 1982-09-07 |
| FI75628B (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| FI823087L (en) | 1984-03-08 |
| DE8111266U1 (en) | 1984-09-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK1K | Patent expired |
Free format text: EXPIRED IN SEPTEMBER 2002 |