NO162255B

NO162255B - UNDERWATER ROERBRO.

Info

Publication number: NO162255B
Application number: NO872375A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Odd Bernhard Torkildsen
Original assignee: Odd Bernhard Torkildsen
Priority date: 1987-06-05
Filing date: 1987-06-05
Publication date: 1989-08-21
Also published as: NO162255C; NO872375D0; NO872375L

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en undervanns rørbro samt en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en slik, ifølge kravinnledning. The present invention relates to an underwater pipe bridge as well as a method for producing such, according to the preamble.

Broer av mange ulike konstruksjonstyper har lenge vært kjent for plassering mellom brokar eller som selvbærende stenbroer, fremstilt i ulike materialer som tre, sten, stål etc. Slike broer har vært benyttet over elver, vann og daler. Bridges of many different construction types have long been known for placement between bridge vessels or as self-supporting stone bridges, made of various materials such as wood, stone, steel etc. Such bridges have been used over rivers, water and valleys.

Over lengre strekninger har det vært benyttet tunneler eller i kombinasjon av brospenn og tunneler. Likeledes har også flytende broer vært benyttet, men disse har sine naturlige begrensninger. Over longer stretches, tunnels or a combination of bridge spans and tunnels have been used. Likewise, floating bridges have also been used, but these have their natural limitations.

Det er også kjent å benytte "undervannsbroer", i form av rørbroer, men den eneste kjente bro av denne type som er realisert er en femti meter lang frittliggende del av tunnelbanen i Stockholm. It is also known to use "underwater bridges", in the form of tube bridges, but the only known bridge of this type that has been realized is a fifty meter long detached part of the subway in Stockholm.

Med foreliggende oppfinnelse foreligger en mulighet til å fremstille "undervannsbroer", eller undervanns rørbroer over lengre distanser, basert på hengebroprinsippet, som gir store fordeler både overfor de i praktisk bruk relativt begrensede flytebroer, og undervannstunneler som stiller spesielle krav til bunnforholdene. Især for kommunikasjons-kontakt mellom begge sider av fjorder, vil undervannsbroen ifølge oppfinnelsen være et meget godt alternativ til dagens fergedrift. Også i andre sammenhenger vil undervannsbroen ifølge oppfinnelsen vise seg hensiktsmessig, eksempelvis til og på oljefeltene i Nordsjøen hvor de lett kan kombineres med nødvendige oljeledninger. With the present invention, there is an opportunity to produce "underwater bridges", or underwater tube bridges over longer distances, based on the suspension bridge principle, which offers great advantages both over floating bridges, which are relatively limited in practical use, and underwater tunnels which make special demands on the bottom conditions. Especially for communication contact between both sides of fjords, the underwater bridge according to the invention will be a very good alternative to the current ferry operation. Also in other contexts, the underwater bridge according to the invention will prove appropriate, for example to and on the oil fields in the North Sea where they can be easily combined with necessary oil pipelines.

De foran nevnte fordeler oppnås med rørbroen og fremgangsmåten for bygging av en slik, ifølge oppfinnelsen, slik det er beskrevet med de i kravene anførte trekk. The aforementioned advantages are achieved with the tube bridge and the method for building such, according to the invention, as described with the features stated in the claims.

Et særegent trekk ved undervannsbroen ifølge oppfinnelsen er at det benyttes kabler over tunnelens hele lengde, som er landfast forankret og som prinsippielt har samme funksjon som kablene på vanlige hengebroer. Bruken av slike kabler gir også .fordeler i sammenheng med fremgangsmåten for fremstilling av undervannsbroen. A distinctive feature of the underwater bridge according to the invention is that cables are used over the entire length of the tunnel, which are firmly anchored to land and which in principle have the same function as the cables on ordinary suspension bridges. The use of such cables also provides advantages in connection with the method of manufacturing the underwater bridge.

Tverrsnittet av undervannsbroen kan velges etter de behov som foreligger i det enkelte tilfeller og vil blant annet avhenge av hvor dypt undervannsbroen skal ligge i vannet. En i det vesentlige sirkulær form vil i praksis være gunstig. The cross-section of the underwater bridge can be chosen according to the needs of the individual case and will depend, among other things, on how deep the underwater bridge is to lie in the water. An essentially circular shape will be advantageous in practice.

På tegningen viser fig. 1 et tverrsnitt av en undervanns rørbro ifølge oppfinnelsen, fig. 2 viser et lengdesnitt av undervannsbroen, fig. 3 viser et tverrsnitt av en dobbel undervannsbro hvor nedre benyttes til ballastering, fig. 4 viser et lengdesnitt av broen på fig. 3, fig. 5 viser et lengdesnitt tilsvarende fig. 4, men hvor det nedre bal-lastrør er oppdelt i kortere seksjoner, og fig. 6 viser en ytterligere utførelse av undervannsbroen ifølge oppfinnelsen med på siden av broen plasserte ballasttunneler. In the drawing, fig. 1 a cross-section of an underwater pipe bridge according to the invention, fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the underwater bridge, fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a double underwater bridge where the lower one is used for ballasting, fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section of the bridge in fig. 3, fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to fig. 4, but where the lower ballast pipe is divided into shorter sections, and fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the underwater bridge according to the invention with ballast tunnels placed on the side of the bridge.

Ved fremstillingen av undervannsbroen ifølge oppfinnelsen benyttes et spesialfartøy innrettet for trinnvis eller kontinuerlig støping av undervannsbroen og hvor det foreligger egnede dreieskiver for undervannsbroens bærekabler. In the production of the underwater bridge according to the invention, a special vessel is used designed for stepwise or continuous casting of the underwater bridge and where there are suitable turntables for the underwater bridge's support cables.

Bærekablene 1, hvorav det i utførelsen på fig. 1 er benyttet fire stykker, er festet til forankringer på land og hver av kablene er fremstilt som kontinuerlige lengder fra langsfeste til landfeste. Bærekablene er fortrinnsvis plassert i et rektangels hjørner og holdes i denne stilling av tverrgående armeringer i form av ytre rektangler 2 og ringer 3 med ribber. Disse tverrgående armeringer festes til bærekablene 1 ved ens avstand. De ringformede tverrstilte armeringer 3 kan eksempelvis bestå av en ytre, og en midtre og en indre ring med radiale forsterkninger og er fortrinnsvis prefabrikert før montering. Etter at de tverrgående armeringer 2 og 3 er festet til hovedkablene 1, innsettes langsgående armering 4 mot de tverrgående ringformede armeringers indre periferi samt ytre langsgående armeringer 5 mot deres ytre periferi. Innenfor de indre langsgående armeringer 4 festes en netting (ikke vist), hvoretter en indre forskaling anordnes mot nettingen. The supporting cables 1, of which in the embodiment in fig. 1, four pieces are used, are attached to anchorages on land and each of the cables is produced as continuous lengths from longitudinal attachment to land attachment. The supporting cables are preferably placed in the corners of a rectangle and are held in this position by transverse reinforcements in the form of outer rectangles 2 and rings 3 with ribs. These transverse reinforcements are attached to the supporting cables 1 at equal distances. The annular transverse reinforcements 3 can for example consist of an outer, and a middle and an inner ring with radial reinforcements and are preferably prefabricated before assembly. After the transverse reinforcements 2 and 3 have been attached to the main cables 1, longitudinal reinforcement 4 is inserted against the inner periphery of the transverse annular reinforcements and outer longitudinal reinforcements 5 against their outer periphery. Within the inner longitudinal reinforcements 4, a mesh (not shown) is attached, after which an inner formwork is arranged against the mesh.

Første del av selve utstøpingen av betong kan således begynne 'ved at betong sprøytes mot nettingen i tilstrekkelig utstrekning til at det derved dannes en indre forskaling. Ved egnet valg av netting kan eventuelt den indre forskaling dannes ved direkte påsprøyting av betong fra innsiden, uten anordninger av en spesiell temporær indre forskalingj. The first part of the actual pouring of concrete can thus begin by spraying concrete against the netting to a sufficient extent so that an internal formwork is thereby formed. With a suitable choice of netting, the inner formwork can possibly be formed by direct spraying of concrete from the inside, without devices of a special temporary inner formworkj.

Etter at den av betong dannede indre forskaling er ferdig, kan således selve utstøpingen av undervannsbroen starte, enten som en kontinuerlig prosess eller trinnvis. Ved denne operasjon støpes de tverrgående forskalinger 2 og 3 samt de fire bærekabler 1 inn i betong og det er på denne måte dannet en kontinuerlig undervannsbro som etter hvert som fremstillingen skrider frem senkes ned i vannet og her holdes på ønsket dybde ved sin oppdrift. Dersom det foreligger behov for ytterligere avstivning av undervannsbroen kan et egnet fagverk 6 innsettes i armeringskonstruk-sjonen. Den ferdige undervannsbro med armert betongvegg 7 senkes etter hvert til ønsket dybde ved hjelp av egnet ballastering og undervannsbroens andre ende forankres deret-ter på land, idet denne forankring, dersom det er hensiktsmessig, utføres på en slik måte at denne ende av undervannsbroen kan beveges i lengderetningen i forankringen hår undervannsbroen på grunn av tidevannspåvirkningen bejveges opp og ned dersom det velges en utførelse hvor undervannsbroens dybde under vannoverflaten er konstant. After the concrete formwork has been completed, the actual casting of the underwater bridge can start, either as a continuous process or in stages. During this operation, the transverse formwork 2 and 3 as well as the four support cables 1 are cast into concrete and in this way a continuous underwater bridge is formed which, as the construction progresses, is lowered into the water and held at the desired depth by its buoyancy. If there is a need for further bracing of the underwater bridge, a suitable truss 6 can be inserted into the reinforcement construction. The finished underwater bridge with reinforced concrete wall 7 is gradually lowered to the desired depth by means of suitable ballasting and the other end of the underwater bridge is anchored there on land, this anchoring, if appropriate, being carried out in such a way that this end of the underwater bridge can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the anchorage, the underwater bridge is moved up and down due to the influence of the tide if a design is chosen where the depth of the underwater bridge below the water surface is constant.

Ved en annen utførelse er undervannsbroens dybde under vannflaten ikke konstant, men dens høyde over bunnen, ved hjelp av egnede fortøyninger 8 til bunnen. In another embodiment, the underwater bridge's depth below the water surface is not constant, but its height above the bottom, by means of suitable moorings 8 to the bottom.

Fig. 3 viser i tverrsnitt en utførelse hvor i prinsipp to over hverandre anordnede undervannsbroer bygges etter samme prinsipp som beskrevet ovenfor, idet den nederste undervannsbro benyttes for ballastering. Den nedre undervannsbro kan prinsippielt utføres mindre enn den øvre, mens en utførelse er vist på fig. 3 hvor de to er like. Den nedre undervannsbro for ballast kan utføres kontinuerlig som vist på fig. 4, eller i seksjoner som vist på fig. 5. Ved en ytterligere utførelse er ballasteringstunneler anordnet på begge sider av undervannsbroen, som vist på fig. 6. Undervannsbroen kan utføres med ventilasjonskanaler 9 og egnet drenering 10. Fig. 3 shows in cross-section an embodiment where, in principle, two underwater bridges arranged above each other are built according to the same principle as described above, the lowermost underwater bridge being used for ballasting. The lower underwater bridge can in principle be made smaller than the upper one, while an embodiment is shown in fig. 3 where the two are equal. The lower underwater bridge for ballast can be carried out continuously as shown in fig. 4, or in sections as shown in fig. 5. In a further embodiment, ballasting tunnels are arranged on both sides of the underwater bridge, as shown in fig. 6. The underwater bridge can be made with ventilation channels 9 and suitable drainage 10.

Undervannsbroen ifølge oppfinnelsen utnytter blant annet de spesielle fordeler med bærekablenes 1 forankringer The underwater bridge according to the invention utilizes, among other things, the special advantages of the support cables 1 anchorages

og deres funksjon tilsvarende bærekablene på hengebroer. and their function corresponds to the supporting cables on suspension bridges.

Med de muligheter som foreligger for styring av nødvendig oppdrift ved hjelp av ballast i forhold til undervannsbroens egenvekt, også i sammenheng med vekten av senere trafikk oppnås en meget stabil undervannsbro med små problemer i forbindelse med behovet for forankringer. With the possibilities available for controlling the necessary buoyancy using ballast in relation to the underwater bridge's own weight, also in connection with the weight of later traffic, a very stable underwater bridge is achieved with little problems in connection with the need for anchorages.

Claims

1. Underwater tube bridge whose interior is designed for motorized traffic and has suitable ventilation devices (9) designed as a suspension bridge with at least four supporting cables (1) which are firmly anchored to shore anchorages at both ends, CHARACTERIZED BY the fact that transverse annular reinforcements (2, 3) at a distance from each other are attached to the cables (1) along the length of the cables, that longitudinal reinforcements (4, 5) are arranged against the inner and outer peripheries of the annular reinforcements (3), and that the reinforcements and supporting cables (1) are embedded in concrete to form a continuous pipe and comprise at least two continuous runs which are arranged above or next to each other, of which at least one run is used for transport purposes.

2. Pipe bridge according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the connected pipe runs submerged in water and that the ends of the supporting cables are anchored on land, as the ends of the pipe open onto land.

3. Pipe bridge according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT it is anchored in the bottom with anchoring devices (8).

4. Pipe bridge according to claims 1-3, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT longitudinal truss reinforcements (6) are embedded in the concrete and connected with the other reinforcements.

5. Procedure for the production of an underwater tube-bridge, designed as a suspension bridge, CHARACTERIZED BY stretching at least four supporting cables (1) arranged essentially in the corners of a rectangle in relation to each other, from a production unit to anchorages, to arrange transverse annular reinforcements (2, 3) at the same distance over the length of the cables, from the anchorage to a suitable place on the production unit and connect these with the cables, to connect longitudinal internal reinforcements (2) with the transverse reinforcements, along the inner periphery of the annular reinforcements, to arrange formwork on the inside of the internal reinforcements, to apply concrete against the formwork so that the longitudinal internal reinforcements are contained, to arrange longitudinal external reinforcements (5) on the annular reinforcements (3) and to embed the transverse reinforcements, the longitudinal external reinforcements and the supporting cables (1 ) with concrete, successively moving the unit to extract new lengths of the supporting cables from the turns arranged on the production unit washers to repeat the operations described above over a new length of the carrier cables while the production unit continuously keeps the carrier cables under tension and to anchor the other ends of the carrier cables.

6. Method according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED BY using a vessel as a production unit, anchoring the cables on land and successively producing new lengths of the suspension bridge which are continuously lowered into water and anchored as needed, and anchoring the other ends of the cables on land while the tube bridge in the essential is submerged.