NO154992B - RAIL WHEEL. - Google Patents
RAIL WHEEL. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO154992B NO154992B NO834882A NO834882A NO154992B NO 154992 B NO154992 B NO 154992B NO 834882 A NO834882 A NO 834882A NO 834882 A NO834882 A NO 834882A NO 154992 B NO154992 B NO 154992B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- enamel
- foil
- stated
- firing
- thickness
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
- B60B17/0055—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements with non-elastic tyres (e.g. of particular profile or composition)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
Description
Fremgangsmåte til emaljering av metalldeler. Method for enameling metal parts.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte til emaljering av metalldeler, f. eks. rammer eller hus til husholdningsappara-ter eller varmeapparater. The invention relates to a method for enameling metal parts, e.g. frames or housings for household appliances or heaters.
Et metallsj ikt skal være tynnest og A metal layer must be the thinnest and
jevnest mulig for at det skal være mot-standsdyktig overfor ytre innflytelser og temperaturvariasjoner. Med de tidligere kjente fremgangsmåter til anbringelse av emaljen, såsom dypping, sprøyting eller pudring, blir dette krav bare oppfylt i util-strekkelig grad, da for det første selve fremgangsmåten og emaljen setter en grense, og der for det annet kreves en stor dyktighet fra emaljørens side. Dessuten kreves ved de konvensjonelle metoder en gjentatt brenning, da f. eks. ved en gjen-stand som skal dekor emaljeres, først grunnemaljen og derpå dekkemaljen og sluttelig dekoren må innbrennes. as evenly as possible so that it is resistant to external influences and temperature variations. With the previously known methods for applying the enamel, such as dipping, spraying or powdering, this requirement is only met to an insufficient extent, as firstly the method itself and the enamel set a limit, and secondly a great deal of skill is required from the enameller's side. In addition, the conventional methods require a repeated firing, as e.g. in the case of an object that is to be decoratively enameled, first the base enamel and then the covering enamel and finally the decoration must be burned in.
Por overføring av en dekor på porselen kjennes også allerede en celluloseacetat-folie. Denne folie er imidlertid hva angår styrke og fordampningsegenskaper ikke egnet til en emaljering, da den under emaljebrenningen ved opphetingen i løpet av få minutter ville eksplodere til temperaturer opp til 800°C. Fra norsk patent nr. 105 082 kjennes en fremgangsmåte i henhold til hvilken bare dekoren overtrekkes med en folie så at dekkemaljen og grunnemaljen må påføres i vanlig tykkelse. For the transfer of a decor on the porcelain, a cellulose acetate foil is also already known. However, in terms of strength and evaporation properties, this foil is not suitable for an enamel ring, as it would explode within a few minutes to temperatures of up to 800°C during the enamel firing during heating. From Norwegian patent no. 105 082, a method is known according to which only the decor is covered with a foil so that the cover enamel and the base enamel must be applied in normal thickness.
Oppfinnelsen går ut på å unngå mang-lene ved de kjente fremgangsmåter. The invention aims to avoid the shortcomings of the known methods.
Mer bestemt vedrører oppfinnelsen en fremgangsmåte til emaljering av metall- More specifically, the invention relates to a method for enameling metal
deler ved hjelp av en med emalje betruk-ket kunststoffolie som fordunster under emalj ebrenningen, idet med det ovennevn-te formål for øyet oppfinnelsen hovedsake-lig består i at kunststoffolien for å mulig-gjøre emalj eringen i en eneste emalj ebren-ning, betrykkes med den totale emalje som skal anbringes og før emalj ebrenningen legges på den rå metalldel. parts by means of an enamel-coated plastic foil which evaporates during the enamel firing, with the above-mentioned purpose in mind, the invention mainly consists in the plastic foil being printed in order to enable the enamelling in a single enamel firing with the total enamel to be placed and before the enamel burn is placed on the raw metal part.
Hensiktsmessig kan det anvendes en folie som består av to med hverandre forbundne sjikt. Ved en slik sammenklebing, henholdsvis intim forbindelse mellom to folier økes stabiliteten til den totale folie og dermed dekorens kvalitet. Det er også mulig å få en bedre tilpassing av folien til brennebetingelsene ved emaljeringen. De med emalj efarven i berøring kom-mende sjikt kan f. eks. bestå av en særlig askefattig kunstharpiks, for derved å opp-nå en så liten som mulig påvirkning av smeltefarvene ved påsmeltingen. Derved muliggjøres en meget god gjengivelse av de fineste konturer. Appropriately, a foil consisting of two interconnected layers can be used. With such bonding, or an intimate connection between two foils, the stability of the overall foil is increased and thus the quality of the decor. It is also possible to get a better adaptation of the foil to the firing conditions during enamelling. Those with enamel color in contact with the layer can e.g. consist of a particularly low-ash synthetic resin, in order to thereby achieve as little influence as possible on the melting colors during the melting. This enables a very good reproduction of the finest contours.
Folien kan da, alt etter den anvendte emalj eringsmetode betrykkes med flere emaljesjikt, såsom grunn- og dekkemalje, eller også med en av et eneste sjikt bestående emalje. Dessuten kan i tilfelle av en dekoremaljering, den ønskede fargedekor samtidig påtrykkes, så at der istedenfor tre forskjellige brenninger bare behøves en eneste brenning for anbringelse av det fullstendige emaljesjikt. The foil can then, depending on the enameling method used, be printed with several layers of enamel, such as base and cover enamel, or with an enamel consisting of a single layer. Moreover, in the case of a decorative enamel ring, the desired color decoration can be printed on at the same time, so that instead of three different firings, only one firing is needed to apply the complete enamel layer.
Da det er mulig å trykke emalje i et meget tynt sjikt jevnt på en kunstharpiks-folie, kan man på denne måte fremstille et overordentlig jevnt emaljeovertrekk i den ønskede ringe tykkelse, uten at det her-for kreves noen spesielle ferdigheter fra personalets side. Som følge av det tynnere og jevnere emaljelag oppnås en vesentlig' forbedring av emalj eovertrekkets bruks-evne og samtidig innspares emalje samt innbrenningsomkostninger. As it is possible to print enamel in a very thin layer evenly on a synthetic resin foil, in this way it is possible to produce an extremely smooth enamel coating in the desired small thickness, without requiring any special skills on the part of the staff. As a result of the thinner and smoother enamel layer, a significant improvement in the usability of the enamel coating is achieved and at the same time enamel and firing costs are saved.
For at den kunstharpiks, fortrinnsvis av polyester bestående folie i seriefabri-kasjon særlig også for deler med store flater, lett skal kunne håndteres og være tilstrekkelig stabil, men på tross herav restløst forbrenne i løpet av få minutter ved temperaturer inntil ca. 800°C uten å eksplodere, har denne folie hensiktsmessig en tykkelse på minst 0,025 mm og høyst 0,045 mm, fortrinnsvis 0,03 mm. In order for the synthetic resin, preferably a foil consisting of polyester in series production, especially also for parts with large surfaces, to be easy to handle and to be sufficiently stable, but despite this to burn without residue within a few minutes at temperatures up to approx. 800°C without exploding, this foil conveniently has a thickness of at least 0.025 mm and at most 0.045 mm, preferably 0.03 mm.
Mens ved den vanlige emaljerings-metode, emaljen pr. sjikt (f. eks. grunn eller dekke) påføres i en tykkelse på ca. 0,120 mm, er ved fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen, en tykkelse på ca. 0,005 mm tilstrekkelig. While with the usual enameling method, the enamel per layer (e.g. primer or cover) is applied to a thickness of approx. 0.120 mm, with the method according to the invention, is a thickness of approx. 0.005 mm is sufficient.
Fremgangsmåten muliggjør anvendel-sen av emaljer uten de såkalte mølletil-setninger, (lere, reguleringsmidler etc), og dermed kan der forarbeides emaljer som allerede ved meget små sjikttykkelser har en fremragende dekkraft. Dessuten kan der tilsettes matteringsmidler, f. eks. Ti0.2, nemlig i slike mengder at en optimal dekkraft oppnås. The method enables the use of enamels without the so-called mill additives (clays, regulating agents, etc.), and thus enamels can be processed which, even at very small layer thicknesses, have excellent covering power. In addition, matting agents can be added, e.g. Ti0.2, namely in such quantities that an optimal covering power is achieved.
Tegningen viser et utførelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen ved et tverrsnitt gjennom folien. The drawing shows an embodiment of the invention in a cross-section through the foil.
Kunstharpiksfolien 1, som består av to med hverandre forbundne sjikt 2 og 3, bærer grunnemaljen 4, dekkemaljen 5 og fargedekoren 6. The synthetic resin foil 1, which consists of two interconnected layers 2 and 3, carries the base enamel 4, the cover enamel 5 and the color decoration 6.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8300015A SE440206B (en) | 1983-01-03 | 1983-01-03 | JERNVEGSHJUL |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO834882L NO834882L (en) | 1984-07-04 |
NO154992B true NO154992B (en) | 1986-10-20 |
NO154992C NO154992C (en) | 1987-01-28 |
Family
ID=20349472
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO834882A NO154992C (en) | 1983-01-03 | 1983-12-30 | RAIL WHEEL. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0115046B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3371968D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK157180C (en) |
NO (1) | NO154992C (en) |
SE (1) | SE440206B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH685383A5 (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1995-06-30 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | Method of forming tyre structure of constant hardness on railway vehicle wheel |
DE19732809C2 (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 2000-04-20 | Bochumer Verein Verkehrstechni | Track wheel with wear-optimized tread |
NL1007759C2 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-06-11 | Univ Twente | Curved metal tread body and noise reduction method. |
EP3395495A4 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2019-07-24 | Shandong Huawin Electrical & Mechanical Technology Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic machining method for improving abradability of wheel of locomotive, and applications |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1701976A (en) * | 1925-06-22 | 1929-02-12 | Taylor Wharton Iron & Steel | Method of conditioning articles of manganese steel |
FR2161155A6 (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1973-07-06 | Stephanois Rech |
-
1983
- 1983-01-03 SE SE8300015A patent/SE440206B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-22 EP EP83112977A patent/EP0115046B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-22 DE DE8383112977T patent/DE3371968D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-30 NO NO834882A patent/NO154992C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-01-03 DK DK002184A patent/DK157180C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK157180C (en) | 1990-04-16 |
SE437354B (en) | 1985-02-25 |
NO834882L (en) | 1984-07-04 |
EP0115046A3 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
SE8300015D0 (en) | 1983-01-03 |
EP0115046A2 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
SE8300015L (en) | 1984-07-04 |
EP0115046B1 (en) | 1987-06-10 |
DE3371968D1 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
DK2184A (en) | 1984-07-04 |
SE440206B (en) | 1985-07-22 |
DK2184D0 (en) | 1984-01-03 |
DK157180B (en) | 1989-11-20 |
NO154992C (en) | 1987-01-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
HU201701B (en) | Method for decorating, marking and engraving objects of enamelled surface preferably domestic objects | |
CN105694721B (en) | It is a kind of to apply technique for the big colored paint formula and its paint on bronze, brass or copper ware surface | |
ES284321U (en) | Method of enamelling the bottom of a cooking vessel, and such a cooking vessel. | |
DE58906760D1 (en) | Process for the production of luminous decors. | |
NO154992B (en) | RAIL WHEEL. | |
HU224543B1 (en) | Tile | |
US20120003445A1 (en) | Method For Producing A Porcelain Enamel Logo On A Porcelain Enamel Background On A Grill Component With Preselected Colors | |
DE3505922C1 (en) | Process for decorating glass ceramic plates | |
NO161144B (en) | PROCEDURE FOR VENTILATION. | |
US6083612A (en) | Heat-resistant releasable film and process for forming the film | |
US2004567A (en) | Combinations of enamel and sprayed metal | |
US2347684A (en) | Coating calcinable lithic slabs | |
US2021820A (en) | Production of articles having a multicolor finish | |
JP2526062B2 (en) | How to decorate ceramics | |
CN107572817A (en) | A kind of method for cooking of red pottery glaze | |
DE59703156D1 (en) | METHOD FOR PRINTING ITEMS WITH COLORED MOTIFS | |
JPS6316926A (en) | Manufacturing method for enameled stainless steel cutting tool | |
CN1037165A (en) | High-temperature fireproofing insulation coating | |
JP3168456B2 (en) | How to apply fluororesin to ceramic pots | |
US390447A (en) | Netti | |
US1260792A (en) | Process for printing and manufacturing decalcomanias for decorating glass bottles, &c. | |
US8140A (en) | Improvement in ornamenting baked earthenwares | |
JPH0235808Y2 (en) | ||
CN104446369B (en) | Windrow thick-layer method for cooking under glaze | |
JPS623799B2 (en) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |
Free format text: LAPSED IN JUNE 2003 |