NO154844B - PROCEDURE FOR AA REDUCE BRAKE NOISE FROM DISC BRAKES DIPPED OIL. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR AA REDUCE BRAKE NOISE FROM DISC BRAKES DIPPED OIL. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO154844B NO154844B NO823187A NO823187A NO154844B NO 154844 B NO154844 B NO 154844B NO 823187 A NO823187 A NO 823187A NO 823187 A NO823187 A NO 823187A NO 154844 B NO154844 B NO 154844B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- glycerol
- oil
- lubricating oil
- acid
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 9
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VACHUYIREGFMSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-threo-9,10-Dihydroxy-octadecansaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O VACHUYIREGFMSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPFGKGZYCXLEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1C(C)=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 JPFGKGZYCXLEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VACHUYIREGFMSP-SJORKVTESA-N 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O VACHUYIREGFMSP-SJORKVTESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1O PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTRGDWOPRCXRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9Z,11E,13E)-4-Oxo-9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCC(=O)CCC(O)=O DTRGDWOPRCXRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KPZBEZVZFBDKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dibutylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(O)C(CCCC)=C1 KPZBEZVZFBDKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXHYVVAUHMGCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1O VXHYVVAUHMGCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIWYWGLEPWBBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O FIWYWGLEPWBBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDVWOBYBJYUSMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1O NDVWOBYBJYUSMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsens område Field of the invention
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte for å redusere bremsestøy fra skivebremser neddykket i olje, hvor kontaktoverflåtene for skivebremsene smøres med en smøreolje. The invention relates to a method for reducing brake noise from disc brakes immersed in oil, where the contact surfaces of the disc brakes are lubricated with a lubricating oil.
Teknikkens stand State of the art
Bruk av tungt maskineri, som en trekkmaskin, har øket behovet for smøremidler av høy kvalitet. Moderne trekkmaskiner har en The use of heavy machinery, such as a traction machine, has increased the need for high quality lubricants. Modern traction machines have one
rekke kraftunderholdte komponenter, som kraftstyreanordning og kraftbremser. Kraftbremser er fortrinnsvis av skivetypen da disse har større bremseevne. De foretrukne skivebremser er av våttypen som er neddykket i et smøremiddel og derfor er isolert fra smuss og tilgrising. range of power-operated components, such as power steering and power brakes. Power brakes are preferably of the disc type as these have greater braking power. The preferred disc brakes are of the wet type which are immersed in a lubricant and are therefore isolated from dirt and grime.
Slike bremser er beheftet med minst ett problem, dvs. bremseklapring eller bremseskriking. Dette er en meget ubehagelig støy som avgis når bremsen benyttes. Tidligere er friksjons-modifiserende midler, som dioleylhydrogenfosfitt, blitt tilsatt til smøremidler for bremser for å redusere støyen. Smøre-midler som inneholder dette tilsetningsmiddel er tilbøyelig til å gi meget høye slitasjehastigheter, spesielt ved høy temperatur . Such brakes are subject to at least one problem, i.e. brake squeal or brake screeching. This is a very unpleasant noise that is emitted when the brake is used. In the past, friction-modifying agents, such as dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, have been added to brake lubricants to reduce noise. Lubricants containing this additive tend to produce very high wear rates, especially at high temperature.
En ytterligere komplikasjon hva gjelder å fjerne bremse-støy, er at det er ønskelig å anvende den samme funksjonelle væske ikke bare for smøring av bremsene, men også for smøring av andre trekkmaskindeler, som de hydrauliske og mekaniske kraft-uttak, trekkmaskinoverføringen, drev eller lågere etc. Den funksjonelle' væske må virke som et smøremiddel, et kraftover-føringsmiddel og som et varmeoverføringsmiddel. Det er vanskelig å fremstille en sammensatt væske som er istand til å tilfredsstille alle disse krav uten å føre til bremseklapring. A further complication in terms of removing brake noise is that it is desirable to use the same functional fluid not only for lubricating the brakes, but also for lubricating other tractor parts, such as the hydraulic and mechanical power take-offs, the tractor transmission, drive or lower etc. The functional fluid must act as a lubricant, a power transfer agent and as a heat transfer agent. It is difficult to produce a compound fluid that is able to satisfy all these requirements without causing brake squeal.
I US patentskrift 3151077 er beskrevet anvendelse av borerte monoacylerte trimethylolalkaner som motorbrensel og smøreoljetilsetningsmidler. Tilsetningsmidlene er angitt å skulle nedsette forekomsten av overflatetenning i en innvendig forbrenningsmotor og å hemme akkumulering av avsetninger i forgasseren. US patent 3151077 describes the use of boronated monoacylated trimethylolalkanes as motor fuel and lubricating oil additives. The additives are stated to reduce the occurrence of surface ignition in an internal combustion engine and to inhibit the accumulation of deposits in the carburettor.
I US patentskrift 2795548 er anvendelse av smøreolje-blandinger beskrevet som inneholder borert glycerolmonooleat. 01jeblandingene anvendes i veivkassen i en innvendig forbrenningsmotor for å nedsette oxydasjonen av oljen og korrosjonen av motorens metalldeler. US patent 2795548 describes the use of lubricating oil mixtures containing borated glycerol monooleate. The 01je mixtures are used in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine to reduce the oxidation of the oil and the corrosion of the engine's metal parts.
Oppsummering av oppfinnelsen Summary of the invention
Det har nu vist seg at oljeoppløselige, borerte fettsyreestere av glycerol virker som egnede friksjonsmodifiser-ende midler som når de tilsettes til en smøreolje oppviser gode egenskaper for å motvirke klapring. It has now been shown that oil-soluble, borated fatty acid esters of glycerol act as suitable friction-modifying agents which, when added to a lubricating oil, exhibit good properties to counteract chattering.
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte for å redusere bremsestøy fra skivebremser som er neddykket i olje, hvor kontaktoverflåtene for skivebremsene smøres med en smøreolje, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved at kontaktoverflåtene smøres med en smøreoljeblanding som omfatter en smøreolje som inneholder 0,1-5,0 vekt% av en borert fettsyreester av glycerol. The invention relates to a method for reducing brake noise from disc brakes immersed in oil, where the contact surfaces of the disc brakes are lubricated with a lubricating oil, and the method is characterized by the fact that the contact surfaces are lubricated with a lubricating oil mixture comprising a lubricating oil containing 0.1-5.0 wt. % of a borated fatty acid ester of glycerol.
De borerte fettsyreestere av glycerol fremstilles ved å The boronated fatty acid esters of glycerol are produced by
borere en fettsyreester av glycerol med borsyre under fjernelse av reaksjonsvannet. Det foreligger fortrinnsvis tilstrekkelig med bor til at hvert boratom vil reagere med 1,5-2,5 hydroxyl-grupper i reaksjonsblandingen. borate a fatty acid ester of glycerol with boric acid while removing the water of reaction. There is preferably sufficient boron so that each boron atom will react with 1.5-2.5 hydroxyl groups in the reaction mixture.
Reaksjonen kan utføres ved en temperatur av 60-135°C i fravær eller nærvær av et hvilket som helst egnet organisk oppløsningsmiddel, som methanol, benzen, xylener, toluen, nøytral olje eller et lignende oppløsningsmiddel. The reaction can be carried out at a temperature of 60-135°C in the absence or presence of any suitable organic solvent, such as methanol, benzene, xylenes, toluene, neutral oil or a similar solvent.
Fettsyreestere av glycerol kan fremstilles ved hjelp av en rekke forskjellige velkjente metoder. Flere av disse estere, som glycerolmonooleat og glyceroltalgat, fremstilles i teknisk målestokk. Esterne som kan anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, er oljeoppløselige og fremstilles fortrinnsvis fra <C>8-C22 fettsYrer eller blandinger derav som slike som fore-kommer i naturprodukter. Fettsyren kan være mettet eller umettet. Visse forbindelser som finnes i syrer fra naturlige kilder, kan omfatte licansyre som inneholder én ketogruppe. De mest foretrukne C8-C22 fettsyrer er slike som har formelen Fatty acid esters of glycerol can be prepared using a number of different well-known methods. Several of these esters, such as glycerol monooleate and glycerol tallow, are produced on a technical scale. The esters that can be used according to the invention are oil-soluble and are preferably produced from <C>8-C22 fatty acids or mixtures thereof such as occur in natural products. The fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated. Certain compounds found in acids from natural sources may include licanic acid, which contains one keto group. The most preferred C8-C22 fatty acids are those having the formula
R-COOH hvori R er.alkyl eller alkenyl. R-COOH wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl.
Fettsyremonoesteren av glycerol er foretrukken, men blandinger av mono- og diestere kan også anvendes. Fortrinnsvis vil enhver blanding av mono- og diestere inneholde: minst 40% av monoesteren. Blandingene av mono-' og diesterne av glycerol inneholder helst 40-60 vekt% av monoesteren. For eksempel inneholder kommersielt glycerolmonooleat en blanding av 45-55 vekt% monoester og 55-45 vekt% diester. The fatty acid monoester of glycerol is preferred, but mixtures of mono- and diesters can also be used. Preferably, any mixture of mono- and diesters will contain: at least 40% of the monoester. The mixtures of mono- and diesters of glycerol preferably contain 40-60% by weight of the monoester. For example, commercial glycerol monooleate contains a mixture of 45-55% by weight monoester and 55-45% by weight diester.
Foretrukne fettsyrer er oleinsyre, stearinsyre, palmitin-syre, myristinsyre, palmitoleinsyre, linoleinsyre, laurinsyre, linolensyre og eleostearinsyre og syrene fra naturproduktene talg, palmeolje, olivenolje, jordnøttolje, maisolje eller klovolje etc. Preferred fatty acids are oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, linolenic acid and eleostearic acid and the acids from the natural products tallow, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil or clove oil etc.
En spesielt foretrukken syre er oleinsyre. A particularly preferred acid is oleic acid.
Smøreoljeblandingene som anvendes ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte, inneholder en hovedsakelig mengde av en smøre-olje og, som nevnt, 0,1-5,0 vekt% av den borerte fettsyreester av glycerol, fortrinnsvis 0,5-2,0 vekt%, basert på vekten av den samlede blanding. Den optimale mengde av en borert fettsyreester av glycerol innen disse områder vil variere noe i avhengighet av basisoljen og de andre tilsetningsmidler som er tilstede i oljen. The lubricating oil mixtures used in the present method contain a mainly amount of a lubricating oil and, as mentioned, 0.1-5.0% by weight of the boronated fatty acid ester of glycerol, preferably 0.5-2.0% by weight, based on the weight of the overall mixture. The optimum amount of a boronated fatty acid ester of glycerol within these ranges will vary somewhat depending on the base oil and the other additives present in the oil.
I tilsetningskonsentrater for smøreoljen er den borerte fettsyreéster av glycerol tilstede i en konsentrasjon av 5-50 vekt%. In additive concentrates for the lubricating oil, the boronated fatty acid ester of glycerol is present in a concentration of 5-50% by weight.
smøremiddelblandingene fremstilles ved under undersøkelse av vanlige metoder å blande den egnede mengde av den ønskede* borerte fettsyreester av glycerol med smøreolje. Når konsen-trater fremstilles, er den anvendte mengde smøreolje begrenset, men den er tilstrekkelig til at den nødvendige mengde borert fettsyreester av glycerol vil bli oppløst. Konsentratet vil i alminnelighet inneholde en tilstrekkelig mengde med borert fettsyreester av glycerol til at en fortynning med 1-10 ganger mer smøreolje senere vil kunne foretas. the lubricant mixtures are prepared by mixing, under investigation of common methods, the appropriate amount of the desired* borated fatty acid ester of glycerol with lubricating oil. When concentrates are produced, the amount of lubricating oil used is limited, but it is sufficient so that the required amount of borated fatty acid ester of glycerol will be dissolved. The concentrate will generally contain a sufficient amount of borated fatty acid ester of glycerol so that a dilution with 1-10 times more lubricating oil can be carried out later.
Smøreoljen som kan anvendes ved utførelsen av den foreliggende oppfinnelse, omfatter en lang rekke forskjellige hydrocarbonoljer avledet fra syntetiske eller naturlige kilder, som nafthenbase, paraffinbase eller blandede baseoljer som de som fås ved raffinering av råolje. Andre smøreoljer som skriver seg fra skiferolje, tjæresand eller kull, er også anvendbare. Smøreoljene kan anvendes adskilt eller i bland- The lubricating oil which can be used in carrying out the present invention comprises a wide variety of different hydrocarbon oils derived from synthetic or natural sources, such as naphthene base, paraffin base or mixed base oils such as those obtained by refining crude oil. Other lubricating oils derived from shale oil, tar sands or coal can also be used. The lubricating oils can be used separately or in a mixture
ing med hverandre dersom de er blandbare med hverandre. Smøre-oljene har i alminnelighet en viskositet av 50-5000 SUS ("Saybolt Universal Seconds"), som regel 100-1500 SUS ved 38°C. De foretrukne oljer har et SAE-tall av 10-40 og har paraffinisk struktur. ing with each other if they are miscible with each other. The lubricating oils generally have a viscosity of 50-5000 SUS ("Saybolt Universal Seconds"), usually 100-1500 SUS at 38°C. The preferred oils have an SAE number of 10-40 and have a paraffinic structure.
For enkelte trekkmaskinsystemer hvor bremsevæsken opp-bevares i err egen sump, utgjør blandingen av hydrocarbonolje/ borert fettsyreester av glycerol et til- For some traction machine systems where the brake fluid is stored in its own sump, the mixture of hydrocarbon oil/borated fatty acid ester of glycerol constitutes an additional
strekkelig smøremiddel og kan anvendes som sådant. For de mer vanlige trekkmaskinsystemer hvor en felles sump benyttes for alle funksjonelle væsker, f.eks. overføringssmøremiddel eller hydraulisk væske etc., er smøreoljen blandet med en lang rekke forskjellige tilsetningsmidler. Disse tilsetningsmidler omfatter antioxydasjonsmidler, rensemidler, dispergeringsmidler, rusthemmende midler, skumhemmende midler, korrosjons-hemmende midler, antislitasjemidler, viskositetsindeks (VI)-forbedrende midler, friksjonsreguleringsmidler, elastomere svellingsmidler, midler for ekstremt trykk (EP), hellepunkt-senkende midler eller metalldeaktivatorer. Alle disse tilsetningsmidler er velkjente innen smøreoljeteknikken. stretchable lubricant and can be used as such. For the more common traction machine systems where a common sump is used for all functional fluids, e.g. transmission lubricant or hydraulic fluid etc., the lubricating oil is mixed with a wide variety of different additives. These additives include antioxidants, cleaning agents, dispersants, rust inhibitors, antifoam agents, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear agents, viscosity index (VI) improvers, friction control agents, elastomeric swelling agents, extreme pressure (EP) agents, pour point depressants, or metal deactivators. All of these additives are well known in the lubricating oil industry.
De foretrukne tilsetningsmidler som kan tilsettes til smøreoljene hvortil de borerte fettsyreestere av glycerol er tilsatt, er de oljeoppløselige rensemidler, som alkali- eller jordalkalimetallhydrocarbylsulfonatene eller alkali- eller jordalkalimetallfenatene eller blandinger derav, tilsetningsmidler for ekstremt trykk, som dihydrocarbyldithiofosfat-saltene av et metall fra gruppe II, eller dispergeringsmidler, som alkenylsuccinimidene eller -succinatene eller blandinger derav. The preferred additives that can be added to the lubricating oils to which the boronated fatty acid esters of glycerol are added are the oil-soluble cleaning agents, such as the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylsulfonates or the alkali or alkaline earth metal phenates or mixtures thereof, extreme pressure additives, such as the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate salts of a metal of group II, or dispersants, such as the alkenyl succinimides or succinates or mixtures thereof.
Alkali- eller jordalkalimetallhydrocarbylsulfonatene The alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonates
kan være petroleumssulfonat, syntetisk alkylerte aromatiske sulfonater eller alifatiske sulfonater, som de som er avledet fra polyisobutylen. En av de mer viktige funksjoner ved sulfonatene er at de skal virke som et rensemiddel og dispergeringsmiddel. Disse sulfonater er velkjente innen den an- may be petroleum sulfonate, synthetically alkylated aromatic sulfonates, or aliphatic sulfonates, such as those derived from polyisobutylene. One of the more important functions of the sulphonates is that they should act as a cleaning agent and dispersant. These sulfonates are well known in the art
gjeldende teknikk. Hydrocarbylgruppen må ha et tilstrekkelig antall carbonatomer til at sulfonatmolekylet vil bli opp-løselig i olje. Hydrocarbyldelen har fortrinnsvis minst 20 carbonatomer og kan være aromatisk eller alifatisk, men er som regel alkylaromatisk. De mest foretrukne for anvendelse ifølge oppfinnelsen er kalsium-, magnesium- eller barium-sulfonater som er av aromatisk karakter. current technique. The hydrocarbyl group must have a sufficient number of carbon atoms so that the sulphonate molecule will become soluble in oil. The hydrocarbyl part preferably has at least 20 carbon atoms and can be aromatic or aliphatic, but is usually alkylaromatic. The most preferred for use according to the invention are calcium, magnesium or barium sulphonates which are of an aromatic nature.
Visse sulfonater blir typisk fremstilt ved å sulfonere Certain sulfonates are typically prepared by sulfonation
en petroleumsfraksjon med aromatiske grupper, som regel mono-eller dialkylbenzengrupper, for derefter å danne metallsaltet av sulfonsyrematerialet. Andre tilførselsmaterialer som anvendes for fremstilling av disse sulfonater, omfatter syntetisk alkylerte benzener eller alifatiske hydrocarboner fremstilt ved polymerisasjon av et mono- eller diolefin, f.eks. en poly-isobutenylgruppe fremstilt ved polymerisasjon av isobuten. Metallsaltene dannes direkte eller ved metatese under anvendelse av velkjente metoder. a petroleum fraction with aromatic groups, usually mono- or dialkylbenzene groups, to then form the metal salt of the sulphonic acid material. Other feed materials used for the production of these sulphonates include synthetically alkylated benzenes or aliphatic hydrocarbons produced by polymerization of a mono- or diolefin, e.g. a polyisobutenyl group produced by polymerization of isobutene. The metal salts are formed directly or by metathesis using well-known methods.
Sulfonatene kan være nøytrale eller overbasede med basetall av opp til ca. 400 eller derover. Carbondioxyd er det mest vanlig anvendte materiale for å fremstille de basiske eller overbasede sulfonater. Blandinger av nøytrale og overbasede sulfonater kan anvendes. De nøytrale sulfonater anvendes vanligvis i slike mengder at det fås 5-25 millimol sul-fonat pr. kg av den samlede blanding. De nøytrale sulfonater er fortrinnsvis tilstede i en mengde av 10-20 millimol pr. kg av den samlede blanding, og de overbasede sulfonater er tilstede i en mengde av 50-200 millimol pr. kg av den samlede blanding. The sulphonates can be neutral or overbased with a base number of up to approx. 400 or more. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used material to produce the basic or overbased sulphonates. Mixtures of neutral and overbased sulphonates can be used. The neutral sulphonates are usually used in such amounts that 5-25 millimoles of sulphonate are obtained per kg of the total mixture. The neutral sulphonates are preferably present in an amount of 10-20 millimoles per kg of the overall mixture, and the overbased sulphonates are present in an amount of 50-200 millimoles per kg of the total mixture.
Fenatene som kan anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, er de vanlige produkter som utgjøres av alkali- eller jordalkali-metallsaltene av alkylerte fenoler. En av funksjonene ved fenatene er at de skal virke som et rensemiddel og dispergeringsmiddel. Fenolene kan være mono- eller polyalkylert. The phenates which can be used according to the invention are the usual products which are made up of the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkylated phenols. One of the functions of the phenates is that they should act as a cleaning agent and dispersant. The phenols can be mono- or polyalkylated.
Alkylfenatets alkyldel er tilstede for at fenatet skal The alkyl phenate's alkyl part is present for the phenate to
bli oppløselig i olje. Alkyldelen kan skrive seg fra naturlig forekommende eller syntetiske råmaterialer. Naturlig forekommende råmaterialer omfatter petroleumshydrocarboner, become soluble in oil. The alkyl part can be written from naturally occurring or synthetic raw materials. Naturally occurring raw materials include petroleum hydrocarbons,
som hvitolje eller voks. Da den er avledet fra petroleum, such as white oil or wax. As it is derived from petroleum,
er hydrocarbondelen en blanding av forskjellige hydrocarbylgrupper hvis spesifikke sammensetning er avhengig av det spesielle oljeråmateriale som ble anvendt som utgangsmateriale. Egnede syntetiske råmaterialer omfatter forskjellige handels-tilgjengelige alkener eller alkanderivater som når de omsettes med fenolen, gir en alkylfenol. Egnede erholdte radikaler omfatter butyl, hexyl,octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, eucocyl eller tricontyl etc. Andre egnede syntetiske råmaterialer for alkylradikalet omfatter olefinpolymerer, som polypropylen, polybutylen eller polyisobutylen etc. the hydrocarbon part is a mixture of different hydrocarbyl groups whose specific composition depends on the particular oil feedstock that was used as starting material. Suitable synthetic raw materials include various commercially available alkenes or alkane derivatives which, when reacted with the phenol, give an alkylphenol. Suitable radicals obtained include butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, eucocyl or tricontyl etc. Other suitable synthetic raw materials for the alkyl radical include olefin polymers, such as polypropylene, polybutylene or polyisobutylene etc.
Alkylgruppen kan være rettkjedet eller forgrenet, mettet eller umettet (dersom den er umettet inneholder den fortrinnsvis ikke over 2 og i alminnelighet ikke mer enn 1 sted med olefinisk umettethet). Alkylradikalene vil i alminnelighet inneholde 4-30 carbonatomer. Når fenolen er monoalkylsub-stituert, bør i alminnelighet alkylradikalet inneholde, minst 8 carbonatomer. Fenatet kan om ønsket være svovelbehandlet. The alkyl group can be straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated (if it is unsaturated it preferably contains no more than 2 and generally no more than 1 site of olefinic unsaturation). The alkyl radicals will generally contain 4-30 carbon atoms. When the phenol is monoalkyl-substituted, the alkyl radical should generally contain at least 8 carbon atoms. If desired, the phenate can be treated with sulphur.
Det kan være nøytralt eller overbaset, og dersom det er overbaset, vil det ha et basetall av opp til 200 til 300 eller derover. Blandinger av nøytrale og overbasede fenater kan anvendes. It can be neutral or overbased, and if it is overbased, it will have a base number of up to 200 to 300 or more. Mixtures of neutral and overbased phenates can be used.
Fenatene er vanligvis tilstede i oljen i en slik mengde at det fås 10-60 millimol fenat pr. kg av den samlede blanding. De nøytrale fenater er fortrinnsvis tilstede i en mengde av 20-50 millimol pr. kg av den samlede blanding, og de overbasede fenater er tilstede i en mengde av 50-200 millimol pr. kg av den samlede blanding. Foretrukne metaller er kalsium, magnesium, strontium eller barium. The phenates are usually present in the oil in such a quantity that 10-60 millimoles of phenate are obtained per kg of the total mixture. The neutral phenates are preferably present in an amount of 20-50 millimoles per kg of the overall mixture, and the overbased phenates are present in an amount of 50-200 millimoles per kg of the total mixture. Preferred metals are calcium, magnesium, strontium or barium.
Svovelbehandlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater kan også anvendes. Disse salter fås ved hjelp av en rekke forskjellige prosesser, som ved å behandle nøytralisasjonsproduktet av en jordalkalimetallbase og en alkylfenol med svovel. Svovelet blir i elementær tilstand gunstig tilsatt til nøytralisasjons-produktet og omsatt ved forhøyede temperaturer for dannelse av det svovelbehandlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenat. Sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates can also be used. These salts are obtained by a number of different processes, such as by treating the neutralization product of an alkaline earth metal base and an alkylphenol with sulfur. In an elemental state, the sulfur is advantageously added to the neutralization product and reacted at elevated temperatures to form the sulphur-treated alkaline earth metal alkylphenate.
Dersom mer jordalkalimetallbase tilsettes under nøytral-isas jonsreaksjonen enn den mengde som er nødvendig for å nøytralisere fenol, fås et basisk, svovelbehandlet jordalkali-metallalkylf enat , se f.eks. US patentskrift 2680096. Ytterligere basisitet kan oppnås ved å tilsette carbondioxyd til det basiske, svovelbehandlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenat. Overskuddet av jordalkalimetallbase kan tilsettes efter svovelbehandlingstrinnet, men det er bekvemt å tilsette dette samtidig som jordalkalimetallbasen tilsettes for å nøytralisere fenolen. If more alkaline earth metal base is added during the neutralization ion reaction than the amount necessary to neutralize phenol, a basic, sulfur-treated alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate is obtained, see e.g. US Patent 2680096. Additional basicity can be achieved by adding carbon dioxide to the basic sulfur-treated alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate. The excess alkaline earth metal base can be added after the sulfur treatment step, but it is convenient to add this at the same time as the alkaline earth metal base is added to neutralize the phenol.
Carbondioxyd er det mest vanlig anvendte materiale for Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used material for
å fremstille basiske eller "overbasede" fenater. En fremgangsmåte hvor basiske, svovelbehandlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater fremstilles ved tilsetning av carbondioxyd er beskrevet i US patentskrift 3178368. to produce basic or "overbased" phenates. A method in which basic, sulphur-treated alkaline earth metal alkylphenates are produced by adding carbon dioxide is described in US patent document 3178368.
Dihydrocarbyldithiofosforsyresaltene av et metall fra gruppe II oppviser slitasje-, antioxydasjons- og varme-stabilitetsegenskaper. Fosfordithiosyresaltene av et metall fra gruppe II er blitt tidligere beskrevet, se f.eks. US patentskrift 3390080, spaltene 6 og 7, hvor disse forbindelser og fremstillingen av disse er generelt beskrevet. Det er gunstig at dihydrocarbyldithiofosforsyresaltene av et metall fra gruppe II som kan anvendes i smøremiddelblandingene, The dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid salts of a Group II metal exhibit wear, antioxidation and heat stability properties. The phosphorodithioic acid salts of a metal from group II have been previously described, see e.g. US patent 3390080, columns 6 and 7, where these compounds and their preparation are generally described. It is advantageous that the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid salts of a group II metal which can be used in the lubricant compositions,
inneholder 4-12 carbonatomer i hvert av hydro-carbylradikalene som kan være de samme eller forskjellige og kan være aromatiske, alkylradikalereller cycloalkylradikaler. Foretrukne hydrocarbylgrupper er alkylgrupper som inneholder 4-8 carbonatomer og kan representeres ved butyl, isobutyl, sek. butyl, hexyl, isohexyl, octyl eller 2-ethylhexyl etc. Metallene som er egnede for å danne disse salter, omfatter barium, kalsium, strontium, sink eller kadmium med sink som det foretrukne metall. contains 4-12 carbon atoms in each of the hydrocarbyl radicals which may be the same or different and may be aromatic, alkyl radicals or cycloalkyl radicals. Preferred hydrocarbyl groups are alkyl groups containing 4-8 carbon atoms and can be represented by butyl, isobutyl, sec. butyl, hexyl, isohexyl, octyl or 2-ethylhexyl etc. The metals suitable for forming these salts include barium, calcium, strontium, zinc or cadmium with zinc being the preferred metal.
Dihydrocarbyldithiofosforsyresaltet av et metall fra gruppe II har fortrinnsvis den følgende formel The dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid salt of a Group II metal preferably has the following formula
hvor where
e) R2 og R^ begge ■ uavhengig av hverandre betegner hydrocarbyl-radikaler som beskrevet ovenfor, og f) betegner et kation av et metall fra gruppe II som beskrevet ovenfor. e) R 2 and R 1 both ■ independently of each other denote hydrocarbyl radicals as described above, and f) denote a cation of a metal from Group II as described above.
Dithiofosforsyresaltene er tilstede i smøreoljeblandingen The dithiophosphoric acid salts are present in the lubricating oil mixture
i en mengde som effektivt vil hemme slitasje og oxydasjon av smøreoljen. Den foretrukne mengde varierer fra 3 til 30 millimol dithiofosforsyresalt pr. kg av den samlede blanding. Det er mest foretrukket at saltet er tilstede i en mengde som varierer fra 15 til 20 millimol pr. kg av den samlede smøre-ol jeblanding. in an amount that will effectively inhibit wear and oxidation of the lubricating oil. The preferred amount varies from 3 to 30 millimoles of dithiophosphoric acid salt per kg of the total mixture. It is most preferred that the salt is present in an amount varying from 15 to 20 millimoles per kg of the total lubricating oil mixture.
Alkenylsuccinimidet eller -succinatet eller blandinger derav er tilstede for blant annet å virke som et dispergeringsmiddel og hindre dannelse av avsetninger. Alkenylsuccinimidene og -succinatene er velkjente innen den angjeldende teknikk. Alkenylsuccinimidene utgjøres av reaksjonsproduktet av et polyolefinpolymersubstituert ravsyreanhydrid med et amin, fortrinnsvis et polyalkylenpolyamin, og alkenylsuccinatene ut-gjøres av reaksjonsproduktet av et polyolefinpolymersubstituert ravsyreanhydrid med énverdige eller flerverdige alkoholer, fenoler eller naftholer, fortrinnsvis en flerverdig alkohol som inneholder minst tre hydroxylradikaler. De polyolefin-polymersubstituerte ravsyreanhydrider fås ved å omsette en polyolefinpolymer eller et derivat derav med maleinsyreanhydrid. Ravsyreanhydridet som fås på denne måte, omsettes med amin-eller hydroxylforbindelsen. Fremstillingen av alkenylsuccinimidene er tidligere blitt beskrevet flere ganger, se f.eks. US patentskrifter 3390082, 3219666 eller 3172892. Fremstillingen av alkenylsuccinatene er også tidligere blitt beskrevet, se f.eks. US patentskrifter 3381022 eller 3522179. The alkenyl succinimide or succinate or mixtures thereof are present to, among other things, act as a dispersant and prevent the formation of deposits. The alkenyl succinimides and succinates are well known in the art. The alkenyl succinimides are formed by the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydride with an amine, preferably a polyalkylene polyamine, and the alkenyl succinates are formed by the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydride with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, phenols or naphthols, preferably a polyhydric alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl radicals. The polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydrides are obtained by reacting a polyolefin polymer or a derivative thereof with maleic anhydride. The succinic anhydride obtained in this way is reacted with the amine or hydroxyl compound. The preparation of the alkenyl succinimides has previously been described several times, see e.g. US patent documents 3390082, 3219666 or 3172892. The production of the alkenyl succinates has also previously been described, see e.g. US Patents 3381022 or 3522179.
Spesielt gode resultater kan fås ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen når alkenylsuccinimidet eller -succinatet i smøreblandingen er et polyisobutensubstituert ravsyreanhydrid av hhv. et polyalkylenpolyamin eller en flerverdig alkohol. Particularly good results can be obtained with the method according to the invention when the alkenyl succinimide or succinate in the lubricating mixture is a polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride of or a polyalkylene polyamine or a polyhydric alcohol.
Polyisobutenet fra hvilket det polyisobutensubstituerte ravsyreanhydrid fås ved polymerisasjon av isobuten, kan ha en sterkt varierbar sammensetning. Gjennomsnittsantallet av carbonatomer kan variere fra 30 eller derunder til 250 eller dero<y>er, med en derav følgende gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt av 400 eller derunder til 3000 eller derover. Gjennomsnittsantallet av carbonatomer pr. polyisobutenmolekyl vil fortrinnsvis variere fra 50 til 100 for polyisobutenene med en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt av 600-1500. Det er mer foretrukket at gjennomsnittsantallet av carbonatomer pr. polyisobutenmolekyl varierer fra 60 til 90 og at den gjennomsnittlige molekylvekt varierer fra 800 til 1300. Polyisobutenet omsettes med maleinsyreanhydrid i overaasstemmelse med velkjente metoder for erholdelse av det polyisobutensubstituerte ravsyreanhydrid. The polyisobutene from which the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride is obtained by polymerization of isobutene can have a highly variable composition. The average number of carbon atoms can vary from 30 or less to 250 or less, with a resulting average molecular weight of 400 or less to 3,000 or more. The average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule will preferably vary from 50 to 100 for the polyisobutenes with an average molecular weight of 600-1500. It is more preferred that the average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule varies from 60 to 90 and that the average molecular weight varies from 800 to 1300. The polyisobutene is reacted with maleic anhydride in accordance with well-known methods for obtaining the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride.
Ved fremstilling av alkenylsuccinimidet omsettes det substituerte ravsyreanhydrid med et polyalkylenpolyamin for erholdelse av det tilsvarende succinimid. Hvert alkylen-radikal i polyalkylenpolyaminet har som regel opp til 8 carbonatomer. Antallet av alkylenradikaler kan variere opp til 8. Alkylenradikalet kan eksemplifiseres ved ethylen, propylen, butylen, trimethylen, tetramethylen, pentamethylen, hexamethylen eller octamethylen etc. Antallet avaminogrupper er i alminnelighet, men ikke nødvendigvis, én enhet høyere enn antallet av alkylenradikaler som er tilstede i aminet, dvs. at dersom et polyalkylenpolyamin inneholder 3 alkylenradikaler, vil det som regel inneholde 4 aminoradikaler. Antallet av aminoradikaler kan variere opp til 9. Alkylenradikalet inneholder fortrinnsvis 2-4 carbonatomer, og alle amingrupper er primære eller sekundære. I dette tilfelle over-skrider antallet av amingrupper antallet av alkylengrupper med 1. Polyalkylenpolyamidet inneholder fortrinnsvis 3-5 amino-grupper. Spesielle eksempler på polyalkylenpolyaminene omfatter ethylendiamin, diethylentriamin, triethylentetramin, propylendiamin, tripropylentetramin, tetraethylenpentåmin, trimethylendiamin, pentaethylenhexamin, di-(tri-methylen) triamin eller tri-(hexamethylen)tetramin etc. When preparing the alkenyl succinimide, the substituted succinic anhydride is reacted with a polyalkylene polyamine to obtain the corresponding succinimide. Each alkylene radical in the polyalkylene polyamine usually has up to 8 carbon atoms. The number of alkylene radicals can vary up to 8. The alkylene radical can be exemplified by ethylene, propylene, butylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene or octamethylene etc. The number of amino groups is generally, but not necessarily, one unit higher than the number of alkylene radicals present in the amine, i.e. that if a polyalkylene polyamine contains 3 alkylene radicals, it will usually contain 4 amino radicals. The number of amino radicals can vary up to 9. The alkylene radical preferably contains 2-4 carbon atoms, and all amine groups are primary or secondary. In this case, the number of amine groups exceeds the number of alkylene groups by 1. The polyalkylene polyamide preferably contains 3-5 amino groups. Special examples of the polyalkylene polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, trimethylenediamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di-(tri-methylene) triamine or tri-(hexamethylene)tetramine, etc.
Andre aminer som er egnede for fremstilling av alkenylsuccinimidet, omfatter de sykliske aminer, som piperizin, morfolin eller dipiperiziner. Other amines which are suitable for the preparation of the alkenylsuccinimide include the cyclic amines, such as piperizine, morpholine or dipyperizines.
Alkenylsuccinimidene som kan anvendes i smøre-ol jeblandingene for utførelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, har fortrinnsvis den følgende formel: The alkenyl succinimides which can be used in the lubricating oil mixtures for carrying out the method according to the invention preferably have the following formula:
hvor where
a) betegner en alkenylgruppe, fortrinnsvis et i det vesentlige mettet hydrocarbon fremstilt ved polymerisasjon a) denotes an alkenyl group, preferably a substantially saturated hydrocarbon produced by polymerization
av alifatiske monoolefiner. R^ er fortrinnsvis fremstilt fra isobuten og har et gjennomsnittlig carbonatomantall og en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt som beskrevet ovenfor. of aliphatic monoolefins. R 1 is preferably prepared from isobutene and has an average number of carbon atoms and an average molecular weight as described above.
b) "Alkylen"-radikalet betegner en i det vesentlige hydrocarbylgruppe som inneholder opp til 8 carbonatomer, fortrinnsvis 2- b) The "alkylene" radical denotes an essentially hydrocarbyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 2-
4 carbonatomer, som beskrevet ovenfor. 4 carbon atoms, as described above.
c) A betegner en hydrocarbylgruppe, en aminsubstituert hydrocarbylgruppe eller hydrogen. Hydrocarbylgruppen og c) A denotes a hydrocarbyl group, an amine-substituted hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen. The hydrocarbyl group and
de aminsubstituerte hydrocarbylgrupper er i alminnelighet de alkyl- eller aminosubstituerte alkylanaloger av de ovenfor beskrevne alkylenradikaler. A betegner fortrinnsvis hydrogen. d) n er et helt tall fra 1 til 10, fortrinnsvis fra 3 til 5. the amine-substituted hydrocarbyl groups are generally the alkyl or amino-substituted alkyl analogues of the above-described alkylene radicals. A preferably denotes hydrogen. d) n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 3 to 5.
Alkenylsuccinimidet kan omsettes med borsyre eller en The alkenyl succinimide can be reacted with boric acid or a
lignende borholdig forbindelse under dannelse av borerte dispergeringsmidler som også kan anvendes. De similar boron-containing compound while forming boronated dispersants which can also be used. The
borerte succinimider er ment å skulle være omfattet av betegnelsen "alkenylsuccinimid". boronated succinimides are intended to be covered by the term "alkenyl succinimide".
Alkenylsuccinatene er slike fra det ovenfor beskrevne ravsyreanhydrid med hydroxylforbindelser som kan være alifat--iske forbindelser, som énverdige eller flerverdige alkoholer, eller aromatiske forbindelser, som fenoler eller naftholer. The alkenyl succinates are those from the above-described succinic anhydride with hydroxyl compounds which can be aliphatic compounds, such as monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, or aromatic compounds, such as phenols or naphthols.
De aromatiske hydroxylforbindelser fra hvilke esterne kan fremstilles, kan representeres ved de følgende spesifikke eksempler: fenol, 3-nafthol, a -nafthol, cresol, resoroinol, catehol, p,p'-dihydroxybifenyl, 2-klorfenol, 2,4-dibutyl-fenol, propentetramersubstituert fenol, didodecylfenol, 4 , 4 '-methylen-bis-f enol, a- decyl-|3-naf thol, polyisobuten The aromatic hydroxyl compounds from which the esters can be prepared can be represented by the following specific examples: phenol, 3-naphthol, α-naphthol, cresol, resoroinol, catechol, p,p'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dibutyl- phenol, propene tetramer-substituted phenol, didodecylphenol, 4, 4'-methylene-bis-phenol, α-decyl-|3-naphthol, polyisobutene
(molekylvekt 1000)-substituert fenol, kondensasjonsproduktet av heptylfenol med 0,5 mol formaldehyd, kondensasjonsproduktet av octylfenol med aceton, di (hydroxyfenyl)-oxyd, di(hydroxy-fenyl)-sulfid, di(hydroxyfenyl)-disulfid eller 4-cyclohexyl-fenyl. Fenol eller alkylerte fenoler med opp til 3 alkyl-substituenter er foretrukne. Hver av alkylsubstituentené (molecular weight 1000)-substituted phenol, the condensation product of heptylphenol with 0.5 mol formaldehyde, the condensation product of octylphenol with acetone, di(hydroxyphenyl)-oxide, di(hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfide, di(hydroxyphenyl)-disulfide or 4-cyclohexyl -phenyl. Phenol or alkylated phenols with up to 3 alkyl substituents are preferred. Each of the alkyl substituents
kan inneholde 100 carbonatomer eller flere. may contain 100 carbon atoms or more.
Alkoholene fra hvilke esterne kan fremstilles, inneholder fortrinnsvis opp til 40 alifatiske carbonatomer. De kan være énverdige alkoholer, som methanol, ethanol, isooctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentaol, behenylalkohol, hexatri-acontanol, neopentylalkohol, isobutylalkohol, benzylalkohol, 3~fenylethylalkohol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, (3-klorethanol, monomethylether av ethylenglycol, monobutylether av ethylenglycol, monopropylether av diethylenglycol, monododecylether av triethylenglycol, monooleat av ethylenglycol, monostearat av diethylenglycol, sek. pentylalkohol, tert.butylalkohol, 5-bromdodecanol, nitrooctadecanol eller dioleat av glycerol. The alcohols from which the esters can be prepared preferably contain up to 40 aliphatic carbon atoms. They can be monohydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isooctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentaol, behenyl alcohol, hexatri-acontanol, neopentyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 3-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, (3-chloroethanol, monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol, monopropyl ether of diethylene glycol, monododecyl ether of triethylene glycol, monooleate of ethylene glycol, monostearate of diethylene glycol, sec.pentyl alcohol, tert.butyl alcohol, 5-bromododecanol, nitrooctadecanol or dioleate of glycerol.
De flerverdige alkoholer inneholder fortrinnsvis 2-10 hydroxylradikaler. De kan beskrives f.eks. ved ethylenglycol, diethylenglycol, triethylenglycol, tetraethylenglycol, dipropylen-glycol,tripropylenglycol, dibutylenglycol, tributylenglycol eller andre alkylenglycoler hvor alkylenradikalet inneholder 2-8 carbonatomer. Andre anvendbare flerverdige alkoholer omfatter glycerol, monooleat og glycerol, monomethylether av glycerol, pentaerythritol, 9,10-dihydroxystearinsyre, methyl-estere av 9,10-dihydroxystearinsyre, 1,2-butandiol, 2,3-hexandiol, 2,4-hexandiol, pinacol, erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, 1,2-cyclohexandiol eller xyl.englycol. Kullhydrater, som sukkerarter, stivelser eller celluloseretc., kan likeledes gi estere. Kullhydratene kan eksemplifiseres ved en glucose, fructose, sucrose, rhamnose, mannose, glyceraldehyd eller galactose. The polyhydric alcohols preferably contain 2-10 hydroxyl radicals. They can be described e.g. by ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol or other alkylene glycols where the alkylene radical contains 2-8 carbon atoms. Other useful polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, monooleate and glycerol, monomethyl ether of glycerol, pentaerythritol, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, methyl esters of 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, 1,2-butanediol, 2,3-hexanediol, 2,4-hexanediol , pinacol, erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol or xyl.englycol. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, starches or cellulose etc., can also give esters. The carbohydrates can be exemplified by a glucose, fructose, sucrose, rhamnose, mannose, glyceraldehyde or galactose.
En spesielt foretrukken gruppe med flerverdige alkoholer er slike som har minst 3 hydroxylradikaler hvorav enkelte er blitt forestret med en monocarboxylsyre med 8-30 carbonatomer, som octansyre, oleinsyre, stearinsyre, linoleinsyre, dodecan-syre eller talloljesyre. Eksempler på slike delvis forestrede flerverdige alkoholer er monooleatet av sorbitol, distearatet av sorbitol, monooleatet av glycerol, monostearatet av glycerol eller didodecanoatet av erythritol. A particularly preferred group of polyhydric alcohols are those which have at least 3 hydroxyl radicals, some of which have been esterified with a monocarboxylic acid with 8-30 carbon atoms, such as octanoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, dodecanoic acid or talloleic acid. Examples of such partially esterified polyhydric alcohols are the monooleate of sorbitol, the distearate of sorbitol, the monooleate of glycerol, the monostearate of glycerol or the didodecanoate of erythritol.
Esterne kan også være avledet fra umettede alkoholer, The esters can also be derived from unsaturated alcohols,
som allylalkohol, cinnamylalkohol, propargylalkohol, 1-cyclo-hexen-3-ol eller en oleylalkohol. Atter andre grupper av alkoholene som er istand til å gi esterne for anvendelse ifølge oppfinnelsen, omfatter etheralkoholene og amino-alkoholene, omfattende f.eks. de oxyalkylen-, oxyarylen-, aminoalkylen- eller aminoarylensubstituerte alkoholer med ett eller flere oxyalkylen-, aminoalkylen-, aminoarylen- such as allyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 1-cyclo-hexen-3-ol or an oleyl alcohol. Still other groups of the alcohols which are able to give the esters for use according to the invention include the ether alcohols and the amino alcohols, comprising e.g. the oxyalkylene-, oxyarylene-, aminoalkylene- or aminoarylene-substituted alcohols with one or more oxyalkylene-, aminoalkylene-, aminoarylene-
eller oxyarylenradikaler. De kan eksemplifiseres ved CellosolvJ^, carbitol, fenoxyethanol, heptylfenyl (oxypropylen)g-•H, octyl (oxyethylen)3Q-H, fenyl(oxyoctylen)2~H, mono(heptyl-fenyloxypropylen)-substituert glycerol, poly(styrenoxyd), aminiethanol, 3-aminoethylpentanol, di(hydroxyethyl)-amin, p-aminofenol, tri(hydroxypropyl)-amin, N-hydroxyethylethylen-diamin eller N,N,N',N'-tetrahydroxytrimethylendiamin etc. or oxyarylene radicals. They can be exemplified by CellosolvJ^, carbitol, phenoxyethanol, heptylphenyl (oxypropylene)g-•H, octyl (oxyethylene)3Q-H, phenyl(oxyoctylene)2~H, mono(heptyl-phenyloxypropylene)-substituted glycerol, poly(styrene oxide) , aminiethanol, 3-aminoethylpentanol, di(hydroxyethyl)-amine, p-aminophenol, tri(hydroxypropyl)-amine, N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine or N,N,N',N'-tetrahydroxytrimethylenediamine etc.
Som oftest er etheralkoholene med opp til 150 oxyalkylen-radikaler hvor alkylenradikalet inneholder 1-8 carbonatomer, foretrukne. Most often, the ether alcohols with up to 150 oxyalkylene radicals where the alkylene radical contains 1-8 carbon atoms are preferred.
Esterne kan være diestere av ravsyre eller syreestere, The esters can be diesters of succinic acid or acid esters,
dvs. delvis forestrede ravsyrer, såvel som delvis forestrede flerverdige alkoholer eller fenoler, dvs. estere med frie alkohol- eller fenolhydroxylradikaler. Blandinger av de ovenfor beskrevne estere kan likeledes anvendes i smøreolje-blandingene for utførelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen. i.e. partially esterified succinic acids, as well as partially esterified polyhydric alcohols or phenols, i.e. esters with free alcohol or phenolic hydroxyl radicals. Mixtures of the above-described esters can likewise be used in the lubricating oil mixtures for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Alkenylsuccinatene kan omsettes med borsyre eller en lignende borholdig forbindelse under dannelse av de borerte dispergeringsmidler som kan anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen. The alkenyl succinates can be reacted with boric acid or a similar boron-containing compound to form the borated dispersants which can be used according to the invention.
Slike borerte succinater er beskrevet i US patentskrift Such boronated succinates are described in US patent documents
3533945. De borerte succinater er ment å skulle omfattes av betegnelsen "alkenylsuccinat". 3533945. The boronated succinates are intended to be covered by the term "alkenyl succinate".
Alkenylsuccinimidet og -succinatene er tilstede i smøre-oljeblandingene i en slik mengde at de effektivt virker som dispergeringsmiddel og hindrer avsetning av forurensninger dannet i oljen. Mengden av alkenylsuccinimidet og -succinatene kan variere fra 0,5 vekt% til 20 vekt% av den samlede smøreoljeblanding. Fortrinnsvis er den mengde av alkenylsuccinimid eller -succinat som kan være tilstede i smøreoljeblandingen, 2-5 vekt% av den samlede blanding. The alkenyl succinimide and succinates are present in the lubricating oil mixtures in such a quantity that they effectively act as a dispersant and prevent the deposition of contaminants formed in the oil. The amount of the alkenyl succinimide and succinates can vary from 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight of the total lubricating oil mixture. Preferably, the amount of alkenyl succinimide or succinate which may be present in the lubricating oil mixture is 2-5% by weight of the total mixture.
Den ferdige smøreolje kan være en enkeltgradssmøreolje eller flergradssmøreolje. Flergradssmøreoljer fremstilles ved å tilsette midler for å forbedre viskositetsindeksen (VI). Typiske midler for å forbedre viskositetsindeksen er polyalkylmethacrylater, ethylenpropylencopolymerer eller styrendiencopolymerer etc. Såkalte dekorerte VI-forbedrende midler har både viskositetsindeks- og dispergeringsegenskaper som også er egnede for anvendelse i blandingene for utførelse The finished lubricating oil can be a single-grade lubricating oil or multi-grade lubricating oil. Multigrade lubricating oils are made by adding agents to improve the viscosity index (VI). Typical agents for improving the viscosity index are polyalkyl methacrylates, ethylene propylene copolymers or styrene diene copolymers etc. So-called decorated VI improvers have both viscosity index and dispersing properties which are also suitable for use in the mixtures for execution
av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen. of the method according to the invention.
Oppfinnelsen er nærmere beskrevet ved hjelp av de neden-stående eksempler. The invention is described in more detail using the examples below.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Fremstilling av borert glycerolmonooleat Preparation of borated glycerol monooleate
30,92 g borsyre og 250 ml xylen ble satt til en blanding inneholdende 125,23 g glycerolmonooleat (45-55 vekt%) og glyceroldioleat (55-45 vekt%). Reaksjonsblandingen ble opp-varmet ved en temperatur av fra 99°C til 141°C i ca. 9,5 30.92 g of boric acid and 250 ml of xylene were added to a mixture containing 125.23 g of glycerol monooleate (45-55% by weight) and glycerol dioleate (55-45% by weight). The reaction mixture was heated at a temperature of from 99°C to 141°C for approx. 9.5
timer under nitrogenatmosfære og azeotrope betingelser. 17,6 ml vann ble oppfanget i en felle av typen Dean Stark. Reaksjonsproduktet ble filtrert og strippet på en roterende evaporator under vakuum til 135°C og ga 128,35 g. En analyse viste 2,42% bor og 2,52%,hydroxyltall 32 mg KOH/g. En infrarød spektroskopianalyse av produktet viste ingen fri hydroxyl-strekking av glyceroltypen, men den ga et sterkt BO-H-bånd og praktisk talt ingen absorpsjon av typen B-O-B. hours under nitrogen atmosphere and azeotropic conditions. 17.6 ml of water was collected in a Dean Stark type trap. The reaction product was filtered and stripped on a rotary evaporator under vacuum to 135°C to give 128.35 g. An analysis showed 2.42% boron and 2.52%, hydroxyl number 32 mg KOH/g. An infrared spectroscopy analysis of the product showed no free hydroxyl stretching of the glycerol type, but it gave a strong BO-H band and virtually no absorption of the B-O-B type.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Blandingene for utførelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen ble prøvet i et laboratorieforsøk. Dette ble utført med en friksjonsmaskin av typen SAE nr. 2 som var blitt modifisert ved tilføyelse av en hydraulisk motordrivanordning med moderat hastighet. Prøvestykket var en sandwich av en sintret bronseplate av "General Metals Powder Co. 1500 mix" mellom to avstandsplater at stål anordnet i det ovennevnte apparat. Prøvefluidumet i en mengde av ca..300 g ble derefter fylt i prøveoljesumpen. Den hydrauliske drivanordning bragte prøvestykkene til å rotere med 100 opm (omdreininger pr. minutt). En stempel-lignende brems ble påført med et påføringstrykk av 5,27 kg/cm overtrykk. Belastningscellen av typen SAE nr. 2 målte bremse-momentet, og et elektrisk tachometer målte omdreiningene pr. minutt. En x-y-plotter ble anvendt for å trekke opp en kurve for vridnings-moment i forhold til omdreiningene pr. minutt efterhvert som den hydrauliske drivanordning langsomt ble regulert for å redusere hastigheten til 0 opm. Et fluidums evne til å redusere bremseklapring står i for- The mixtures for carrying out the method according to the invention were tested in a laboratory experiment. This was done with an SAE No. 2 friction machine which had been modified by the addition of a moderate speed hydraulic motor drive. The test piece was a sandwich of a sintered bronze plate of "General Metals Powder Co. 1500 mix" between two spacer plates that steel arranged in the above apparatus. The sample fluid in an amount of approx. 300 g was then filled into the sample oil sump. The hydraulic drive caused the test pieces to rotate at 100 rpm (revolutions per minute). A piston-like brake was applied with an application pressure of 5.27 kg/cm gauge. The SAE No. 2 load cell measured the braking torque, and an electric tachometer measured the rpm. minute. An x-y plotter was used to draw up a curve for twisting torque in relation to the revolutions per revolution. minute as the hydraulic drive was slowly regulated to reduce the speed to 0 rpm. A fluid's ability to reduce brake squeal is due to
hold til helningen for kurven for friksjon i forhold til hastighet. Kurvens helning finnes ved å måle helningen for en linje trukket gjennom 50 opm-punktet på kurven og det høyeste punkt på kurven under 50 opm. Når helningen for denne kurve blir tiltagende negativ, blir bremseklapringsstøyen tiltagende høyere. Denne tilbøyelighet er i overensstemmelse med fullskalabremsestøyforsøk for trekkmaskiner. hold the slope of the curve of friction versus speed. The slope of the curve is found by measuring the slope of a line drawn through the 50 rpm point on the curve and the highest point on the curve below 50 rpm. As the slope of this curve becomes increasingly negative, the brake squeal noise becomes increasingly louder. This tendency is consistent with full-scale brake noise tests for tractors.
Det ovenfor beskrevne forsøk ble utført med tre mineral-oljebaserte hydrauliske fluida for trekkmaskiner. Resultatene for disse tre fluida er gjengitt i tabell I. Blandingen A The experiment described above was carried out with three mineral oil-based hydraulic fluids for tractors. The results for these three fluids are reproduced in Table I. The mixture A
var en basisblanding uten et friksjonsmodifiseringsmiddel, og blandingen B inneholdt dessuten 1% borert glycerolmonooleat ifølge eksempel 1. Blandingen C var et kommersielt hydraulisk fluidum for trekkmaskiner. Som vist i tabell I forårsaket tilsetningen av borert glycerolmonooleat (fluidum B) til basis-fluidumet (fluidum A) en økning av helningen, og dette antyder at det effektivt vil redusere bremseklapring. I tabell I er også helningen erholdt ved anvendelse av et kommersielt hydraulisk fluidum for trekkmaskiner gjengitt. was a base mixture without a friction modifier, and the mixture B also contained 1% borated glycerol monooleate according to Example 1. The mixture C was a commercial hydraulic fluid for tractors. As shown in Table I, the addition of Borated Glycerol Monooleate (Fluid B) to the base fluid (Fluid A) caused an increase in slope, suggesting that it will effectively reduce brake squeal. Table I also shows the slope obtained using a commercial hydraulic fluid for traction machines.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30453481A | 1981-09-22 | 1981-09-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO823187L NO823187L (en) | 1983-03-23 |
NO154844B true NO154844B (en) | 1986-09-22 |
NO154844C NO154844C (en) | 1987-01-07 |
Family
ID=23176934
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO823187A NO154844C (en) | 1981-09-22 | 1982-09-21 | PROCEDURE FOR AA REDUCE BRAKE NOISE FROM DISC BRAKES DOWN IN OIL. |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5865791A (en) |
AU (1) | AU548965B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE894454A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8205361A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1190540A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3233347A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK162656C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2513260B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2106133B (en) |
GR (1) | GR70367B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1153734B (en) |
MX (1) | MX7570E (en) |
NL (1) | NL8203590A (en) |
NO (1) | NO154844C (en) |
SE (1) | SE456743B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA825816B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4961868A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1990-10-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Grease composition |
EP0135932B1 (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1990-05-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Lubricant for metal forming and process for metal forming |
DE3485789T2 (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1992-12-24 | Mobil Oil Corp | FAT COMPOSITION. |
US5084194A (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1992-01-28 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Grease composition |
CA1280738C (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1991-02-26 | Andrew Gene Horodysky | Grease composition containing boron compound and hydroxy containing soap thickener |
US4780227A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1988-10-25 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Grease composition containing borated alkoxylated alcohols |
JPH0631381B2 (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1994-04-27 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Anti-rust oil |
US4828734A (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1989-05-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Grease compositions containing borated oxazoline compounds and hydroxy-containing soap thickeners |
JP4898504B2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2012-03-14 | 香港塔祈巴那電器有限公司 | Fever code |
GB201502002D0 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2015-03-25 | Castrol Ltd | Uses and compositions |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3117089A (en) * | 1961-02-10 | 1964-01-07 | Standard Oil Co | Compositions of matter having anti-rust properties |
CA1164008A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1984-03-20 | Andrew G. Horodysky | Borated glycerol and thioglycerol hydroxyester friction reducing additives and lubricant compositions containing same |
-
1982
- 1982-05-15 GB GB08226296A patent/GB2106133B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-11 ZA ZA825816A patent/ZA825816B/en unknown
- 1982-08-11 CA CA000409208A patent/CA1190540A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-12 AU AU87115/82A patent/AU548965B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-09-08 DE DE19823233347 patent/DE3233347A1/en active Granted
- 1982-09-13 GR GR69259A patent/GR70367B/el unknown
- 1982-09-14 BR BR8205361A patent/BR8205361A/en unknown
- 1982-09-15 FR FR8215586A patent/FR2513260B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-16 NL NL8203590A patent/NL8203590A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-09-20 SE SE8205370A patent/SE456743B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-21 IT IT23347/82A patent/IT1153734B/en active
- 1982-09-21 BE BE0/209063A patent/BE894454A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-21 DK DK419382A patent/DK162656C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-21 JP JP57164791A patent/JPS5865791A/en active Granted
- 1982-09-21 MX MX8210289U patent/MX7570E/en unknown
- 1982-09-21 NO NO823187A patent/NO154844C/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE894454A (en) | 1983-01-17 |
CA1190540A (en) | 1985-07-16 |
DE3233347A1 (en) | 1983-04-07 |
JPS5865791A (en) | 1983-04-19 |
GB2106133A (en) | 1983-04-07 |
NO154844C (en) | 1987-01-07 |
AU8711582A (en) | 1983-03-31 |
GB2106133B (en) | 1985-01-09 |
BR8205361A (en) | 1983-08-23 |
SE8205370L (en) | 1983-03-23 |
DE3233347C2 (en) | 1992-05-21 |
SE456743B (en) | 1988-10-31 |
IT1153734B (en) | 1987-01-14 |
NL8203590A (en) | 1983-04-18 |
GR70367B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
JPH0412319B2 (en) | 1992-03-04 |
FR2513260B1 (en) | 1986-04-04 |
IT8223347A0 (en) | 1982-09-21 |
ZA825816B (en) | 1983-06-29 |
SE8205370D0 (en) | 1982-09-20 |
MX7570E (en) | 1989-11-09 |
FR2513260A1 (en) | 1983-03-25 |
DK162656B (en) | 1991-11-25 |
DK419382A (en) | 1983-03-23 |
AU548965B2 (en) | 1986-01-09 |
NO823187L (en) | 1983-03-23 |
DK162656C (en) | 1992-04-13 |
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