NO154267B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BUILDING PLATE BY HIGH LP OF THE ROLLING METHOD. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BUILDING PLATE BY HIGH LP OF THE ROLLING METHOD. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO154267B NO154267B NO811785A NO811785A NO154267B NO 154267 B NO154267 B NO 154267B NO 811785 A NO811785 A NO 811785A NO 811785 A NO811785 A NO 811785A NO 154267 B NO154267 B NO 154267B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- board
- cement
- plaster
- fibers
- procedure
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en bygningsplate ved hjelp av opprullingsmetoden, der det som platens våtmasse benyttes malte cellulose- og/ eller returpapirfibre som bærefibre, returgips i dihydrert form som fyllmiddel og hydraulisk herdende sement som bindemiddel, samt tilsatsstoffer. The present invention relates to a method for producing a building board using the roll-up method, where ground cellulose and/or recycled paper fibers are used as the wet mass of the board as carrier fibres, recycled plaster in dihydrated form as a filler and hydraulically hardening cement as a binder, as well as additives.
Fra GB-patent nr. 1.584.046 kjenner man fremstilling av bygningsplater som ikke inneholder asbest etter opprullingsmetoden, der ubrutte, dvs. umalte cellulosefibre og/eller returpapir benyttes som bærefibre i våtmassen, samt sement som bindemiddel og gips som i metodens begynnelsesfase delvis eller helt forekommer som halvhydrat ved siden av visse andre stoffer. Ifølge metoden tillates prosessen likevel å foregå From GB patent no. 1,584,046 it is known the production of building boards that do not contain asbestos by the roll-up method, where unbroken, i.e. unpainted cellulose fibers and/or recycled paper are used as carrier fibers in the wet mass, as well as cement as a binder and gypsum which in the initial phase of the method partially or completely occurs as a hemihydrate next to certain other substances. According to the method, the process is still allowed to take place
så lenge at halvhydratet i praksis helt omdannes til dihydrat innen våtmassen samles til en plate. as long as the hemihydrate is in practice completely converted to dihydrate by the time the wet mass is collected into a plate.
Hensikten med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å benytte returgips til fremstilling av brannsikre bygningsplater ved hjelp av opprullingsmetoden. Returgipsen tenderer til å bli et virkelig problem innen visse industribransjer, f.eks. danner fosfat-industrien millioner av tonn med restgips. Utnyttelsen av en slik avfallsmengde har meget stor nasjonaløkonomisk betydning. The purpose of the present invention is to use recycled plaster for the production of fire-resistant building boards using the roll-up method. The recycled plaster tends to become a real problem within certain industries, e.g. the phosphate industry generates millions of tonnes of residual gypsum. The utilization of such a quantity of waste has very great national economic significance.
Man har tidligere forsøkt å benytte restgips ved fremstilling av bygningsplater som ikke inneholder asbest etter opprullingsmetoden. Man har imidlertid ikke oppnådd nøyaktige resultater ved bruk av umalte bærefibre, da disse ikke holder våtmassens emnedeler, spesielt restgipsen og sementbinde-middelet,homogent sammen. Sammenholdingen er imidlertid nødvendig, særlig ved bruk av opprullingsmetoden. Ved forsøk har man funnet at spesielt maling av cellulosefibrene mulig-gjør bruk av restgips i bygningsplater, selv om restgips i seg selv ikke fungerer som bindemiddel. Malingen frembringer nemlig en "filting" av strukturen, der fibrene danner hul-heter "når de fester seg til hverandre. Når disse fylles med et eller annet sammenpresset materiale, som da ikke behøver å bindes kjemisk, oppstår en forbausende stiv struktur. Dette materialet kan utgjøres av restgips som altså fungerer som rent fyllstoff. En årsak til fenomenet kan, foruten nevnte hullvirkning, også finnes i flatekrefter mellom partiklene, Van der Wall-krefter eller andre slike krefter som holder partiklene sammen i hulrommene. På ovenfor beskrevne måte kan det fremstilles meget bra plater som passer godt til bruk i innredningsarbeidet. Attempts have previously been made to use residual plaster in the production of building boards that do not contain asbestos using the roll-up method. However, accurate results have not been achieved when using unpainted carrier fibres, as these do not hold the blank parts of the wet mass, especially the residual plaster and the cement binder, together homogeneously. However, the comparison is necessary, especially when using the roll-up method. In experiments, it has been found that painting the cellulose fibers in particular enables the use of residual plaster in building boards, even though residual plaster in itself does not function as a binding agent. The paint produces a "felting" of the structure, where the fibers form cavities "when they stick to each other. When these are filled with some other compressed material, which then does not need to be chemically bonded, a surprisingly rigid structure is created. This material can be made up of residual plaster which thus functions as a pure filler. A reason for the phenomenon, in addition to the hole effect mentioned, can also be found in surface forces between the particles, Van der Wall forces or other such forces that hold the particles together in the cavities. In the manner described above, it can very good boards are produced that are well suited for use in furnishing work.
Mekanismen som holder platen sammen kjenner man ikke noe til. En bygningsplate som oppnås på denne måte har selvfølgelig ikke like høy styrke som en plate fremstilt med kjente bindemidler, men platen oppviser likevel en forbausende god styrke. Platen er som sådan ikke vannbestandig, men løser seg opp i vann. Til blandingen bør det på grunn av dette tilsettes hydraulisk herdbar sement i en viss utstrekning. Sementen tilsiktes ikke å føre til en struktur som muliggjør en overføring av krefter, da dette oppnås allerede ved hjelp av de oppmalte cellulosefibrene og restgipsen. The mechanism that holds the plate together is unknown. A building board obtained in this way does not, of course, have as high a strength as a board made with known binders, but the board still exhibits surprisingly good strength. As such, the plate is not water-resistant, but dissolves in water. Because of this, a certain amount of hydraulically hardenable cement should be added to the mixture. The cement is not intended to lead to a structure that enables a transfer of forces, as this is already achieved with the help of the ground cellulose fibers and residual plaster.
Ettersom sementen benyttes bare for å forhindre en oppløsning av platen når den benyttes i fuktig miljø, og ettersom sementens bindende virkning er uvesentlig i tørt miljø, kan sementandelen gjøres minimal. Sementmengden beror vesentlig på de andre benyttede stoffene, spesielt på restgipsen. As the cement is only used to prevent a dissolution of the plate when used in a moist environment, and as the binding effect of the cement is insignificant in a dry environment, the proportion of cement can be made minimal. The amount of cement depends significantly on the other substances used, especially on the residual plaster.
Ved å tilpasse malingsgraden av fibrene, samt mengden av gips og sement til hverandre på eksperimentell måte, oppnås en plate som er vannbestandig og har nøyaktig fastsettbare styrkeegenskaper. Når andelen sement kan minimaliseres, kan den av brannsikkerhetsårsaker viktige gipsens andel økes til så stor andel som mulig. På denne måte finner man et bruks-område for restgipsen. By adapting the degree of painting of the fibres, as well as the amount of plaster and cement to each other in an experimental way, a board is obtained which is water resistant and has precisely determinable strength properties. When the proportion of cement can be minimised, the gypsum proportion, which is important for fire safety reasons, can be increased to as large a proportion as possible. In this way, you find an area of use for the remaining plaster.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen benyttes ved fremstillingen av bygningsplater av restgips malte cellulose- og/eller returpapirfibre som bærefibre, hvis malingsgrad bør være relativt høy, 20-75° SR (Schopper-Riegler). Mengden hydraulisk herdende sement According to the invention, in the production of building boards from residual plaster, ground cellulose and/or recycled paper fibers are used as carrier fibers, the degree of painting should be relatively high, 20-75° SR (Schopper-Riegler). The quantity of hydraulic hardening cement
som benyttes som bindemiddel velges mellom 10-30% beregnet på totalvekten av platens tørrsubstans. Ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er det også viktig å tilpasse malingsgraden av bærefibrene samt mengden av gips og sement til hverandre, på en fordelaktig måte for oppnåelse av et optimalt resultat. Sementen kan være Portlandsement. which is used as a binder is chosen between 10-30% calculated on the total weight of the board's dry substance. In the method according to the invention, it is also important to adapt the degree of grinding of the carrier fibers as well as the amount of gypsum and cement to each other, in an advantageous way to achieve an optimal result. The cement can be Portland cement.
Oppfinnelsens kjennetegn fremgår av det etterfølgende patent-krav. Ifølge patentkravet benyttes det i bygningsplaten foruten ovennevnte stoffer dessuten smelteovnsslagg og flyve-aske samt kiselgur, perlit, vermikulit, kalkstenspulver eller andre lignende stoffer, og dessuten mineralfiber, glassfiber, glass-, berg- og slaggull eller andre lignende stoffer og organiske fibre, såsom sisal-, hamp- og plastfibre eller lignende, samt flokningsmidler i mengder som angitt i patentkravet. The characteristics of the invention appear from the subsequent patent claim. According to the patent claim, in addition to the above-mentioned substances, the building board also uses smelting furnace slag and fly ash as well as diatomaceous earth, perlite, vermiculite, limestone powder or other similar substances, and also mineral fibre, glass fibre, glass, rock and slag gold or other similar substances and organic fibres, such as sisal, hemp and plastic fibers or the like, as well as flocculants in quantities as stated in the patent claim.
Bygningsplaten som fremstilles ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen og i hvilken det benyttes ukalsinert restgips, oppviser helt nøyaktige fasthetsegenskaper, selv om alle fasthetsverdier ikke er like bra som tidligere fremstilte plater. The building board which is produced using the method according to the invention and in which uncalcined residual plaster is used, exhibits completely accurate strength properties, even if all strength values are not as good as previously produced boards.
Med fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det naturligvis også fremstilles bygningsplater der ukalsinert rågips benyttes som utgangsmateriale i stedet for restgips. With the method according to the invention, it is naturally also possible to produce building boards where uncalcined raw plaster is used as starting material instead of residual plaster.
I følgende tabell vises sammenligningsforsøk, der fasthetsegenskapene på bygningsplater fremstilt med fremgangsmåten ifølge GB-patent nr. 1.584.046 og fasthetsegenskapene på bygningsplater fremstilt med fremgangsmåten ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. The following table shows comparison tests, where the strength properties of building boards produced with the method according to GB patent no. 1,584,046 and the strength properties of building boards produced with the method according to the present invention.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI801755A FI64129C (en) | 1980-05-30 | 1980-05-30 | FRAMSTAELLNING AV EN BYGGNADSPLATTA ENLIGT UPPRULLNINGSFOERFARANDET |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO811785L NO811785L (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| NO154267B true NO154267B (en) | 1986-05-12 |
| NO154267C NO154267C (en) | 1986-08-20 |
Family
ID=8513527
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO811785A NO154267C (en) | 1980-05-30 | 1981-05-26 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BUILDING PLATE USING THE ROLLING METHOD. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE888971A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3121248A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK222781A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI64129C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2483397B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2077317B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO154267C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE450116B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990015205A1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-13 | Danielsen, Marit, Helene | Building element |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2117753A (en) * | 1982-04-06 | 1983-10-19 | Printsulate Limited | Compositions |
| DE3604388A1 (en) * | 1984-10-27 | 1987-08-13 | Wuertex Maschinenbau Hofmann G | Process for the continuous production of shaped bodies, in particular of boards, from a mixture of plaster and fibre material and also apparatus for carrying out the process |
| ES2040729T3 (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1993-11-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | DURABLE AND HIGHLY STABLE MOLDED CONSTRUCTION PIECES. |
| DE3815393A1 (en) * | 1988-05-05 | 1989-11-16 | Baehre & Greten | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLATE-FORMED COMPOUNDS |
| US5155959A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1992-10-20 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Firedoor constructions including gypsum building product |
| DE4141524C1 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-05-06 | Mario O-9560 Zwickau De Reinhold | Fibre material for internal building panels insulation, etc. - comprises material including recycled material, which can be reduced into fibres and binding agent |
| ES2068733B1 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1995-11-01 | Cia Sevillana De Electricidad | "PROCESS FOR PREPARING CERAMIC MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT QUALITIES FROM FLYING ASHES" |
| DE4321024A1 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-01-05 | Haeussler Ingenieurbuero Gmbh | Process for producing lightweight concrete or concrete-like articles |
| FR2727675A1 (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-06-07 | Carlucci Pierre Antoine | Compsns. for making insulating materials |
| AT1374U1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1997-04-25 | Karl F Stroeml | BIOFIBER CONCRETE |
| KR100226101B1 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-10-15 | 안순철 | Construction using paper sludge and production thereof |
| EP0927614A1 (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-07-07 | Galo Polo Fernandez | Process for preparing products capable of being panelled and/or moulded outgoing from cardboard and/or paper of any recyclable type |
| US6881257B2 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-04-19 | Seymour Beauboeuf | Machinable light weight sisal-based concrete structural building material |
| EP2177489B1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2012-11-07 | Inge Höhn | Construction material with filler of vegetable origin |
| BR112021019544A2 (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-11-30 | Dow Brasil Sudeste Ind Ltda | Composition of two-component polymeric microfibers |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1399335A (en) * | 1971-04-21 | 1975-07-02 | Tac Construction Materials Ltd | Cementitious materials and artefacts made therefrom |
| FI64935C (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1984-02-10 | Partek Ab | FRAMSTAELLNING AV ASBESTFRI BRANDHAERDIG BYGGNADSPLATTA GENOM UPPRULLNINGSFOERFARANDE |
| FI63737C (en) * | 1978-01-20 | 1983-08-10 | Partek Ab | RAOSKIVA FOER EN ASBESTFRI BYGGNADSSKIVA PAO GIPSBASIS SOM FRAMSTAELLS ENLIGT UPPRULLNINGSFOERFARANDET |
| FI780188A (en) * | 1978-01-20 | 1979-07-21 | Paraisten Kalkki Oy | FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV EN RAOSKIVA FOER EN ASBESTFRI BYGGNADSSKIVA ENLIGT UPPRULLNINGSFOERFARANDET |
| JPS54123134A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1979-09-25 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Production of fiber reinforced composite body |
| DE2918974B1 (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1980-08-07 | Partek Ab | Asbestos-free structural board to be produced using the gypsum-based winding process |
-
1980
- 1980-05-30 FI FI801755A patent/FI64129C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1981
- 1981-05-20 DK DK222781A patent/DK222781A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-05-26 NO NO811785A patent/NO154267C/en unknown
- 1981-05-26 BE BE0/204907A patent/BE888971A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-27 FR FR8110533A patent/FR2483397B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-29 SE SE8103391A patent/SE450116B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-29 GB GB8116482A patent/GB2077317B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-29 DE DE19813121248 patent/DE3121248A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990015205A1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-13 | Danielsen, Marit, Helene | Building element |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI64129B (en) | 1983-06-30 |
| FI801755A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| SE8103391L (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| SE450116B (en) | 1987-06-09 |
| GB2077317B (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| FR2483397A1 (en) | 1981-12-04 |
| BE888971A (en) | 1981-09-16 |
| NO154267C (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| FR2483397B1 (en) | 1986-10-17 |
| NO811785L (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| GB2077317A (en) | 1981-12-16 |
| DK222781A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| DE3121248A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
| FI64129C (en) | 1983-10-10 |
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