NO318100B1 - Cement-containing composition; and self-leveling composition for floors, road repair composition, fire-retardant sprays and fire-retardant materials, fiberboard, water-resistant structural materials, and slab containing the cementitious composition; and process for making a structural material containing the cementitious composition. - Google Patents
Cement-containing composition; and self-leveling composition for floors, road repair composition, fire-retardant sprays and fire-retardant materials, fiberboard, water-resistant structural materials, and slab containing the cementitious composition; and process for making a structural material containing the cementitious composition. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO318100B1 NO318100B1 NO19965124A NO965124A NO318100B1 NO 318100 B1 NO318100 B1 NO 318100B1 NO 19965124 A NO19965124 A NO 19965124A NO 965124 A NO965124 A NO 965124A NO 318100 B1 NO318100 B1 NO 318100B1
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- Prior art keywords
- composition
- weight
- portland cement
- water
- cementitious
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 36
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/145—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
- C04B28/147—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form beta-hemihydrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
- C04B2111/62—Self-levelling compositions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Description
O ppfinnelsens bakgrunn The background of the invention
O ppfinnelsens område The field of the invention
Oppfinnelsen angår en sementholdig sammensetning, og en selvplanerende sammensetning for gulv, en reparasjonssammensetning for vei, brannsikrende sprøytemidler og brannstoppende materialer, en fiberplate, vannbestandige konstruksjonsmaterialer og en plate med innhold av den sementholdige sammensetning, og oppfinnelsen angår også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et konstruksjonsmateriale med innhold av den sementholdige sammensetning. The invention relates to a cementitious composition, and a self-levelling composition for floors, a repair composition for roads, fireproofing sprays and firestopping materials, a fiberboard, water-resistant construction materials and a board containing the cementitious composition, and the invention also relates to a method for producing a construction material with content of the cementitious composition.
Beskrivelse av relatert teknikk Description of related art
Konstruksjonsmaterialer slik som bakplater for dusjer og gulvunderlag inneholder typisk ingen gips fordi gipsinneholdende materialer normalt ikke er vannbestandige. Imidlertid er gips en ønsket komponent i konstruksjonsmaterialer fordi den herder hurtig og styrken opparbeides tidlig. Forsøk på å forbedre vannbestandigheten til gipsplater ved å blande Portlandsement og gips (kalsiumsulfathemihydrat) har møtt begrenset suksess, fordi en slik blanding kan resultere i dannelse av ettringitt som medfører ekspansjon av gips/Portlandsementproduktet, og således medfører dets forringelse. Ettringitter dannes når trikalsiumaluminat (3CaOAl203) i Portlandsementen reagerer med sulfat. Construction materials such as back panels for showers and floor underlays typically do not contain gypsum because gypsum-containing materials are not normally water-resistant. However, gypsum is a desired component in construction materials because it hardens quickly and strength is built up early. Attempts to improve the water resistance of gypsum boards by mixing Portland cement and gypsum (calcium sulfate hemihydrate) have met with limited success, because such mixing can result in the formation of ettringite which causes expansion of the gypsum/Portland cement product, thus causing its deterioration. Ettringite is formed when tricalcium aluminate (3CaOAl203) in the Portland cement reacts with sulphate.
En sementholdig sammensetning som inneholder Portlandsement og alfa-gips, anvendbar som reparasjonsmasse for fortau, er angitt i patentskriftet til Harris, US 4494990. Sammensetningen inneholder også en puzzolankilde, for eksempel silikastøv, flyveaske eller masovnslagg. I patentskriftet til Harris angis at puzzolan blokkerer vekselvirkningen mellom trikalsiumaluminat og sulfatet fra gips. I patentskriftet til Harris angis å blande en trekomponentblanding av type I Portlandsement, alfa-gips og silikastøv med et fint aggregat for å fremstille en mørtel anvendt for å støpe mørtelkuber, for evaluering av styrken til den resulterende sammensetning. A cementitious composition containing Portland cement and alpha-gypsum useful as a pavement repair compound is disclosed in Harris US 4,494,990. The composition also contains a pozzolan source, such as silica dust, fly ash or blast furnace slag. In Harris' patent it is stated that pozzolan blocks the interaction between tricalcium aluminate and the sulphate from gypsum. The Harris patent states mixing a three-component mixture of Type I Portland cement, alpha gypsum and silica dust with a fine aggregate to produce a mortar used for casting mortar cubes, for evaluating the strength of the resulting composition.
I patentskrift US 4661159 angir Ortega et al. en sammensetning for gulvunderlag som innbefatter alfa-gips, beta-gips, flyveaske og Portlandsement. I patentskriftet angis også at materialet for gulvunderlag kan anvendes med vann og sand eller annet aggregat for fremstilling av en flytende blanding som kan påføres et substrat. In patent document US 4661159 Ortega et al. a composition for floor substrates which includes alpha-gypsum, beta-gypsum, fly ash and Portland cement. The patent document also states that the material for floor underlay can be used with water and sand or other aggregate to produce a liquid mixture that can be applied to a substrate.
O ppsummering av oppfinnelsen Summary of the invention
Det er et siktemål med oppfinnelsen å overvinne ett eller flere av problemene beskrevet ovenfor. It is an object of the invention to overcome one or more of the problems described above.
En sementholdig sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen innbefatter 30-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat, 10-40 vekt% Portlandsement, 4-20 vekt% silikastøv og 1-40 vekt% puzzolansk fyllmateriale. Oppfinnelsen omfatter videre konstruksjonssammensetninger og materialer fremstilt av den oppfinneriske sementholdige sammensetning, og fremgangsmåter for fremstilling derav, slik det fremgår av de selvstendige patentkrav nr. 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 23, 28 og 33. A cementitious composition according to the invention includes 30-75% by weight calcium sulfate betahemihydrate, 10-40% by weight Portland cement, 4-20% by weight silica dust and 1-40% by weight pozzolanic filler material. The invention further includes construction compositions and materials produced from the inventive cementitious composition, and methods for producing them, as is evident from the independent patent claims no. 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 23, 28 and 33.
Andre mål og fordeler med oppfinnelsen vil være klart for de kyndige innen teknikken fra den etterfølgende detaljerte beskrivelse, sett i sammenheng med tegninger og vedføyde krav. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be clear to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings and appended claims.
Kort beskrivelse av tegningene Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 er et kryssnitt av en belagt plate i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a coated plate according to the invention.
Fig. 2 er et diagram som fremstiller kompresjonsfasthet mot herdetid for en sammensetning # 1 i henhold til oppfinnelsen og en sammenlignende sammensetning # 2. Fig. 3 er et sveipeelektrodemikroskop (SEM) mikrografi (500x) av en plate fremstilt av en sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen, angitt i Eksempel 3. Fig. 2 is a graph plotting compressive strength versus cure time for a composition #1 according to the invention and a comparative composition #2. Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph (500x) of a plate made from a composition according to the invention, stated in Example 3.
Fig. 4 er et SEM mikrografi (100x) av platen vist i Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is an SEM micrograph (100x) of the plate shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 er et SEM mikrografi (lOOOx) av platen vist i Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an SEM micrograph (lOOOx) of the plate shown in Fig. 3.
Detaljert beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen Detailed description of the invention
En sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes for anvendelse i konstruksjonsmaterialer, som er særlig anvendbar i områder der vannbestandighet betraktes som viktig, slik som bakplater for bad og dusjer, og anvendelser som gulvunderlag og ytre kledningsplater. Videre anvendelser av den oppfinneriske sammensetning inkluderer materialer for selvplanerende gulv og reparasjonsmaterialer for vei, brannsikrende sprøytemidler, flammestoppende materialer og fiberplater. A composition according to the invention is provided for use in construction materials, which is particularly applicable in areas where water resistance is considered important, such as back panels for bathrooms and showers, and applications such as floor substrates and outer cladding panels. Further applications of the inventive composition include materials for self-leveling floors and road repair materials, fireproofing sprays, flame retardant materials and fiberboard.
Sammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen innbefatter 30-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat (dvs. beta-gips), 10-40 vekt% Portlandsement (Type III foretrekkes), 4-20 vekt% silikastøv og 1-40 vekt% puzzolansk fyllmateriale. Compositions according to the invention include 30-75% by weight calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate (ie beta gypsum), 10-40% by weight Portland cement (Type III preferred), 4-20% by weight silica dust and 1-40% by weight pozzolanic filler material.
Beta-gipskomponenten i henhold til den oppfinneriske sammensetning er kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat, vanligvis betegnet stukk. Beta-gips er tradisjonelt mindre kostbart enn alfa-gips. Alfa-hemihydratpulver har en høyere bulktetthet og mindre relatert overflateareale enn betahemihydrat, hvilket resulterer i et lavere vannbehov for den samme bearbeidbarhet og høyere trykkfasthet for det herdede materiale. Imidlertid har plater fremstilt av den oppfinneriske sammensetning fremvist mer enn tilstrekkelig styrke for innendørs anvendelser, slik som bakplater og gulvunderlag, og utendørs anvendelser, slik som ytre kledninger og takutspring. The beta gypsum component according to the inventive composition is calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate, commonly referred to as stucco. Beta gypsum is traditionally less expensive than alpha gypsum. Alpha hemihydrate powder has a higher bulk density and less related surface area than beta hemihydrate, resulting in a lower water requirement for the same workability and higher compressive strength of the cured material. However, boards made from the inventive composition have demonstrated more than adequate strength for indoor applications, such as backboards and floor underlays, and outdoor applications, such as exterior cladding and roof flashing.
Portlandsementkomponenten i henhold til den oppfinneriske sammensetning er fortrinnsvis type III Portlandsement (i henhold til ASTM standardene). Type III Portlandsement herder hurtigere enn type I og type II Portlandsement, og fremviser tidlig en høy styrke. The Portland cement component according to the inventive composition is preferably type III Portland cement (according to ASTM standards). Type III Portland cement hardens faster than type I and type II Portland cement, and exhibits a high strength early on.
Silikastøvkomponenten i henhold til den oppfinneriske sammensetning er en ekstremt aktiv puzzolan, og forhindrer dannelse av ettringitt. The silica dust component according to the inventive composition is an extremely active pozzolan, and prevents the formation of ettringite.
Det puzzolanske fyllmateriale i henhold til den oppfinneriske sammensetning kan være naturlig eller et fyllmateriale skapt av mennesker som inneholder en høy andel amorft silika. Naturlige puzzolanske fyllmaterialer er av vulkansk opprinnelse, og innbefatter trass, pimpstein og perlitt. Menneskeskapte puzzolanske fyllmaterialer innbefatter flyveaske og Fillite (Fillite Division of Boliden Intertrade, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia). The pozzolanic filler according to the inventive composition may be natural or a man-made filler containing a high proportion of amorphous silica. Natural pozzolanic fillers are of volcanic origin and include trass, pumice and perlite. Man-made pozzolanic fillers include fly ash and Fillite (Fillite Division of Boliden Intertrade, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia).
Puzzolanske fyllmaterialer inneholder en høy prosentandel amorft silika som besitter få eller ingen sementaktige egenskaper. Imidlertid har puzzolanske fyllmaterialer, i nærvær av fuktighet, overflater som er kjemisk reaktive med kalsiumhydroksid ved standard temperaturer, slik at det dannes hydratisert kalsiumsilikat (CSH) som, i sammensetninger og fremgangsmåter i henhold til oppfinnelsen, antas å bli en homogen del av et sementholdig system, også på grunn av nærværet av den finfordelte puzzolan ifølge oppfinnelsen, slik som silikastøv. Sammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen som innbefatter både et puzzolansk fyllmateriale og finfordelt puzzolan resulterer i sementholdige materialer hvor omdanningssonen mellom fyllmateriale og en sementpasta fortsettes, slik at det således fremstilles et herdet produkt med høyere trykkfasthet enn sammensetninger hvori det anvendes et puzzolansk fyllmateriale alene eller en finfordelt puzzolan alene. Det antas at mekanismen som medfører endringer i mikrostrukturen til sammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen, som medfører høyere trykkfastheter, har sammenheng med to effekter: en puzzolansk effekt og en mikro-fyllmaterialeeffekt (på grunn av den lille størrelse og sfæriske form til silikastøvet). Pozzolanic aggregates contain a high percentage of amorphous silica that possesses little or no cementitious properties. However, pozzolanic aggregates, in the presence of moisture, have surfaces that are chemically reactive with calcium hydroxide at standard temperatures, forming hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) which, in compositions and methods according to the invention, is believed to become a homogeneous part of a cementitious system, also due to the presence of the finely divided pozzolan according to the invention, such as silica dust. Compositions according to the invention which include both a pozzolanic filler material and finely divided pozzolan result in cementitious materials where the transformation zone between the filler material and a cement paste is continued, so that a hardened product with higher compressive strength is thus produced than compositions in which a pozzolanic filler material alone or a finely divided pozzolan alone. It is believed that the mechanism that causes changes in the microstructure of compositions according to the invention, which causes higher compressive strengths, is related to two effects: a pozzolanic effect and a micro-filler effect (due to the small size and spherical shape of the silica dust).
Sammensetninger for konstruksjonsmaterialer i henhold til oppfinnelsen, slik som bakplater og gulvunderlag, innbefatter fortrinnsvis 30-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat (30-50 vekt% foretrekkes). 10-40 vekt% Portlandsement (6-25 vekt% foretrekkes), 4-20 vekt% silikastøv (4-10 vekt% foretrekkes), og 10-40 vekt% puzzolansk fyllmateriale (25-35 vekt% foretrekkes). Et foretrukket fyllmateriale for anvendelse i slike konstruksjonsmaterialer er pimpstein. Pimpstein er ønskelig ettersom den har relativt lav vekt og kan gis størrelser som resulterer i et produkt med tilsiktet styrke og fysikalske egenskaper. For eksempel fremstiller Hess Pumice Products Inc. et størrelse nr. 10 pimpsteinaggregat hvor størrelsen til 93 % er større enn 1400 mikron, mens nr. 5 pimpsteinaggregat har en partikkelstøiTelse hvor omtrent 23 % er større enn 1400 mikron. Selv om fyllmaterialer slik som kalsiumkarbonat, krystallinsk silika og ulike typer av leire kunne bli innbefattet i sammensetningen, har det blitt funnet at anvendelsen av et puzzolansk fyllmateriale resulterer i et produkt i henhold til oppfinnelsen med fremragende egenskaper. Slik det er forklart ovenfor antas dette å finne sted fordi overflatene til det puzzolanske fyllmateriale reagerer med fritt kalk slik at det dannes hydrert kalsiumsilikat (puzzolansk reaksjon) som blir en del av produktgrunnmassen. En slik reaksjon er kun mulig med puzzolanske fyllmaterialer. Compositions for construction materials according to the invention, such as back panels and floor substrates, preferably include 30-75% by weight calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate (30-50% by weight is preferred). 10-40 wt% Portland cement (6-25 wt% preferred), 4-20 wt% silica fume (4-10 wt% preferred), and 10-40 wt% pozzolanic filler (25-35 wt% preferred). A preferred filler material for use in such construction materials is pumice stone. Pumice is desirable as it has a relatively low weight and can be given sizes that result in a product with the intended strength and physical properties. For example, Hess Pumice Products Inc. manufactures a size No. 10 pumice aggregate of which 93% has a size greater than 1400 microns, while No. 5 pumice aggregate has a particle size of which approximately 23% is greater than 1400 microns. Although fillers such as calcium carbonate, crystalline silica and various types of clay could be included in the composition, it has been found that the use of a pozzolanic filler results in a product according to the invention with excellent properties. As explained above, this is believed to take place because the surfaces of the pozzolanic filler material react with free lime so that hydrated calcium silicate is formed (pozzolanic reaction) which becomes part of the product base mass. Such a reaction is only possible with pozzolanic filler materials.
Sammensetningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen frembringer byggematerialer som herder hurtig, fremviser høy styrke og holdbarhet, og er vannbestandige. Videre kan tradisjonelt produksjonsmaskinen for gipsplater anvendes ved fremstilling av plater fra en sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen, uten modifikasjon av maskineriet. Fordi sammensetningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen herder hurtig (typisk i løpet av 3 minutter eller mindre), kan byggematerialer fremstilt fra sammensetningen håndteres (f.eks. kan kledninger kuttes til mindre kledninger eller plater) mye tidligere enn produkter fremstilt av Portlandsement alene. Videre behøver ikke plater aller andre produkter fremstilt fra sammensetningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen, i motsetning til tradisjonelle gipsplater, å tørkes i sementovn, og faktisk bør dette unngås. The composition according to the invention produces building materials which harden quickly, exhibit high strength and durability, and are water resistant. Furthermore, the traditional production machine for gypsum boards can be used for the production of boards from a composition according to the invention, without modification of the machinery. Because the composition of the invention cures rapidly (typically within 3 minutes or less), building materials made from the composition can be handled (eg, cladding can be cut into smaller cladding or slabs) much earlier than products made from Portland cement alone. Furthermore, sheets of very different products made from the composition according to the invention, in contrast to traditional gypsum sheets, do not need to be dried in a cement kiln, and in fact this should be avoided.
Med referanse til Figur 1 omfatter en bakplate 1 i henhold til oppfinnelsen en kjerne 3 fremstilt av en sementholdig sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen, og påliggende kledningsplater 5 og 7 på hver sin side. En slik plate kan fremstilles ved den følgende fremgangsmåte: Rågips kan kalsineres ved omtrent 160-175 °C for å danne kalsiumsulfathemihydrat. Den kalsinerte gips kan formales til en finere partikkelstørrelse dersom for eksempel visse fastheter, vannbehov, og arbeidsegenskaper er ønskelig. Gipspulveret tilføres til en blander og blandes med Portlandsement, silikastøv og et puzzolansk fyllmateriale. Det puzzolanske fyllmateriale kan være pimpstein, perlitt, trass, flyveaske eller en blanding derav. Andre bestanddeler som kan innbefattes i sammensetningen er herdekontrollmidler (f.eks. akseleratorer), vannreduserende midler, vannavstøtende tilsatser og lateks eller polymermodifikatorer. Den resulterende blanding kombineres med et lite støkiometrisk overskudd av vann for å fremstille en oppslemming. Oppslemmingen, som danner kjernen 3 i platen, helles på en nedre, kontinuerlig kledningsplate 5, som er plassert på et transportbånd. Deretter plasseres en øvre kontinuerlig kledningsplate 7 på kjernen som beveges på transportbåndet. Kledningsplatene 5 og 7 er fortrinnsvis fremstilt av glassfibermatte, glassfiberstrie eller en blanding av begge. Kledningsplatene kan også fremstilles av polyetylen, polypropylen eller nylon. Imidlertid er slike materialer ikke så fordelaktige som glassfiber fordi de er mer kostbare. Ettersom oppslemmingen herder senkes duk og strie ned i oppslemmingsgrunnmassen under formeprosessen. Ettersom den belagte plate beveges langs transportlinjen i en kontinuerlig kledning, oppnår platen tilstrekkelig styrke til å kunne håndteres. Platen kuttes deretter til seksjoner, (for bakplater, vanligvis enten 91 cm x 152 cm eller 91 cm x 122 cm plater) og overføres til paller. Platetykkelsene varierer fortrinnsvis mellom 3,18 mm og 15,9 mm. Platene blir deretter fortrinnsvis stablet og herdet fra 1 til 7 dager (spesielt foretrukket omkring tre dager) ved en temperatur av ca. 16 °C til 27 °C (eksempelvis romtemperatur) og en luftfuktighet på ca. 40 % til 70 %, hvoretter platene kan forsendes til en kunde. Stablingen av platene tilveiebringer et fordelaktig fuktig miljø for herding. Platene kan herdes ved temperaturer og fuktigheter utenfor de områder som er angitt ovenfor og gi et akseptabelt produkt. Imidlertid kan dette forlenge herdetiden. En plate i henhold til oppfinnelsen oppnår vanligvis sin fulle styrke omtrent 14 til 28 dager etter fremstillingen. With reference to Figure 1, a back plate 1 according to the invention comprises a core 3 made of a cementitious composition according to the invention, and overlying cladding plates 5 and 7 on each side. Such a plate can be produced by the following procedure: Raw gypsum can be calcined at approximately 160-175 °C to form calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The calcined gypsum can be ground to a finer particle size if, for example, certain strengths, water requirements and working properties are desired. The gypsum powder is fed to a mixer and mixed with Portland cement, silica dust and a pozzolanic filler material. The pozzolanic filler material can be pumice, perlite, trass, fly ash or a mixture thereof. Other ingredients that may be included in the composition are cure control agents (eg accelerators), water reducing agents, water repellent additives and latex or polymer modifiers. The resulting mixture is combined with a small stoichiometric excess of water to produce a slurry. The slurry, which forms the core 3 of the plate, is poured onto a lower, continuous cladding plate 5, which is placed on a conveyor belt. An upper continuous cladding plate 7 is then placed on the core which is moved on the conveyor belt. The cladding panels 5 and 7 are preferably made of glass fiber mat, glass fiber strip or a mixture of both. The cladding panels can also be made of polyethylene, polypropylene or nylon. However, such materials are not as advantageous as fiberglass because they are more expensive. As the slurry hardens, the cloth and straw are lowered into the slurry base mass during the forming process. As the coated sheet is moved along the conveyor line in a continuous coating, the sheet gains sufficient strength to be handled. The sheet is then cut into sections, (for back sheets, usually either 91cm x 152cm or 91cm x 122cm sheets) and transferred to pallets. The plate thicknesses preferably vary between 3.18 mm and 15.9 mm. The plates are then preferably stacked and cured from 1 to 7 days (especially preferred around three days) at a temperature of approx. 16 °C to 27 °C (for example room temperature) and a humidity of approx. 40% to 70%, after which the plates can be shipped to a customer. The stacking of the plates provides an advantageous moist environment for curing. The boards can be cured at temperatures and humidities outside the ranges indicated above and give an acceptable product. However, this may extend the curing time. A plate according to the invention usually attains its full strength approximately 14 to 28 days after manufacture.
Ved fremstilling av en plate eller et annet produkt i henhold til oppfinnelsen bør den påtvungne tørking som behøves for gipsplater unngås. En alternativ herdeprosedyre er å innsurre platene i plast i omtrent tre dager for å beholde fuktighet for kontinuerlig herding. Slike innsurrede plater har fremvist omtrent 50 % høyere styrke enn normale gipsplater med samme tetthet. De innsurrede plater utvikler dessuten omtrent 70-80 % av sin fulle styrke i løpet av tre dager. When producing a panel or other product according to the invention, the forced drying required for plasterboard should be avoided. An alternative curing procedure is to encase the slabs in plastic for about three days to retain moisture for continuous curing. Such sealed sheets have demonstrated approximately 50% higher strength than normal gypsum sheets of the same density. The sealed plates also develop approximately 70-80% of their full strength within three days.
Når en plate eller et annet produkt med en tykkelse på omtrent 3,18 mm er ønsket, innbefatter dets foretrukne sementholdige sammensetning 30-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat, 10-40 vekt% Portlandsement, 4-20 vekt% silikastøv, og 1-40 vekt% puzzolansk fyllmateriale, som resulterer i et meget sterkt, tynt produkt, som er spesielt anvendbart for eksempel for gulvunderlag. En foretrukken sementholdig sammensetning for anvendelse i meget tynne plater (dvs. omtrent 3,18 mm) og gulvunderlag innbefatter 70-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat (omtrent 74 vekt% er særlig foretrukket), 15-25 vekt% Portlandsement (omtrent 20 vekt% er særlig foretrukket), 4-8 vekt% silikastøv (omtrent 6 vekt% er særlig foretrukket), og 1-10 vekt% puzzolansk fyllmateriale. When a board or other product having a thickness of about 3.18 mm is desired, its preferred cementitious composition includes 30-75 wt% calcium sulfate betahemihydrate, 10-40 wt% Portland cement, 4-20 wt% silica fume, and 1-40 wt% % pozzolanic filler material, which results in a very strong, thin product, which is particularly applicable, for example, for floor substrates. A preferred cementitious composition for use in very thin slabs (ie, about 3.18 mm) and subfloors includes 70-75% by weight calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate (about 74% by weight is particularly preferred), 15-25% by weight Portland cement (about 20% by weight is particularly preferred), 4-8% by weight silica dust (about 6% by weight is particularly preferred), and 1-10% by weight pozzolanic filler material.
Sammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan også anvendes for å fremstille selvplanerende gulvsammensetninger og reparasjonsmaterialer for vei. For slike materialer fremstilles en forblanding med sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen, som innbefatter 30-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat (dvs. beta-gips) (30-50 vekt% foretrekkes), 10-40 vekt% Portlandsement (6-25 vekt% foretrekkes), 4-20 vekt% silikastøv (4-8 vekt% foretrekkes), og 1-40 vekt% puzzolansk fyllmateriale (1-15 vekt% foretrekkes, 1-5 vekt% er særlig foretrukket). Forblandingen blandes deretter med silikaaggregater (dvs. i det vesentlige lokal kvartssand) for å danne reparasjonsmaterialer for gulv eller vei. Compositions according to the invention can also be used to produce self-leveling floor compositions and repair materials for roads. For such materials, a premix is prepared with a composition according to the invention, which includes 30-75% by weight calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate (i.e. beta-gypsum) (30-50% by weight is preferred), 10-40% by weight Portland cement (6-25% by weight is preferred ), 4-20 wt% silica dust (4-8 wt% preferred), and 1-40 wt% pozzolanic filler material (1-15 wt% preferred, 1-5 wt% is particularly preferred). The premix is then mixed with silica aggregates (ie essentially local quartz sand) to form repair materials for floors or roads.
En selvplanerende gulvsammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen innbefatter fortrinnsvis (i) 25-75 vekt% forblanding; og (ii) 75-25 vekt% sand. Mest foretrukket innbefatter den selvplanerende forblanding til gulvsammensetning omtrent 71 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat, omtrent 20 vekt% Portlandsement, omtrent 6 vekt% silikastøv og omtrent 2 vekt% Fillite puzzolansk fyllmateriale. På grunn av sin lave tetthet gir tilsats av Fillite i mengder så lave som ca. 1 vekt% av sammensetningen et vesentlig volum av fyllmateriale (se Eksempel 2, Tabell II for fysikalske egenskaper for Fillite). A self-leveling floor composition according to the invention preferably includes (i) 25-75% by weight premix; and (ii) 75-25 wt% sand. Most preferably, the self-leveling premix for floor composition includes about 71% by weight calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate, about 20% by weight Portland cement, about 6% by weight silica fume and about 2% by weight Fillite pozzolanic filler. Due to its low density, the addition of Fillite in amounts as low as approx. 1% by weight of the composition a significant volume of filler material (see Example 2, Table II for physical properties of Fillite).
En reparasjonssammensetning for vei i henhold til oppfinnelsen innbefatter (i) 25-100 vekt% av forblandingen beskrevet her med hensyn til de selvplanerende gulvsammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen, og (ii) 75-0 vekt% sand. A road repair composition according to the invention includes (i) 25-100% by weight of the premix described herein with respect to the self-leveling floor compositions according to the invention, and (ii) 75-0% by weight sand.
Sammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan også anvendes i fiberplater i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Slike fiberplater innbefatter (i) 70-90 vekt% av forblandingen beskrevet her med hensyn til de selvplanerende gulvsammensetninger og reparasjonssammensetninger for vei i henhold til oppfinnelsen; og (ii) 30-10 vekt% av en fiberkomponent. Fiberkomponenten er fortrinnsvis valgt blant: trefibre, papirfibre, glassfibre, polyetylenfibre, polypropylenfibre, nylonfibre og andre plastfibre. Compositions according to the invention can also be used in fiberboards according to the invention. Such fiberboards include (i) 70-90% by weight of the premix described herein with respect to the self-leveling floor compositions and road repair compositions according to the invention; and (ii) 30-10% by weight of a fiber component. The fiber component is preferably selected from among: wood fibers, paper fibers, glass fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, nylon fibers and other plastic fibers.
Mest foretrukket innbefatter en forblanding i henhold til oppfinnelsen for anvendelse i en slik fiberplate ca. 74 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat, ca. 20 vekt% Portlandsement, og ca. 6 vekt% silikastøv. Most preferably, a premix according to the invention for use in such a fiberboard includes approx. 74% by weight calcium sulfate betahemihydrate, approx. 20% by weight Portland cement, and approx. 6% by weight silica dust.
Brannsikrende sprøytemidler og brannstoppende materialer kan også fremstilles ved anvendelse av sammensetningene i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Slike brannsikrende og brannstoppende materialer innbefatter 30-75 vekt% kalsiumsulfatbetahemihydrat (30-50 vekt% foretrekkes), 10-40 vekt% Portlandsement (6-25 vekt% foretrekkes), 4-20 vekt% silikastøv (4-10 vekt% foretrekkes), og 1-40 vekt^ puzzolansk fyllmateriale (1-10 vekt% foretrekkes). Det puzzolanske fyllmateriale er fortrinnsvis Fillite eller perlitt eller blandinger derav. Brannsikrende sprøytemidler og brannstoppende materialer i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan fortrinnsvis også innbefatte 1-30 vekt% uekspandert vermikulittfyllmasse. Slike brannsikrende og brannstoppende materialer kan også innbefatte opp til 2 vekt% glassfibre og opp til 2 vekt% av et fortykningsmiddel. Fortykningsmidlet er fortrinnsvis valgt blant: cellulosederivater, akrylharpikser og blandinger derav. Fire-resistant sprays and fire-stopping materials can also be produced by using the compositions according to the invention. Such fireproofing and firestopping materials include 30-75% by weight calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate (30-50% by weight preferred), 10-40% by weight Portland cement (6-25% by weight preferred), 4-20% by weight silica fume (4-10% by weight preferred) , and 1-40 wt% pozzolanic filler (1-10 wt% preferred). The pozzolanic filler material is preferably Fillite or Perlite or mixtures thereof. Fireproof sprays and firestopping materials according to the invention can preferably also include 1-30% by weight of unexpanded vermiculite filler. Such fireproofing and firestopping materials can also include up to 2% by weight of glass fibers and up to 2% by weight of a thickening agent. The thickener is preferably selected from: cellulose derivatives, acrylic resins and mixtures thereof.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
En sementholdig sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble fremstilt av bestanddeler i mengder fremsatt i Tabell I nedenfor: A cementitious composition according to the invention was prepared from ingredients in amounts set out in Table I below:
Materialene identifisert i Tabell I ble blandet, og 100 g derav ble blandet med 35,6 g vann. Omtrent 1-5 vekt% av en polymerlateks (akrylisk eller SBR) ble tilsatt til blandingen for å forbedre fleksibiliteten. Blandingen ble deretter formet til plater i henhold til oppfinnelsen ved anvendelse av en glassdukkompositt. Platene ble testet for vannabsorpsjon, spikerholdefasthet, nedbøyning, trykkfasthet (våt og tørr), egenskaper for vannoppsuging og andre ASTM-spesifiserte krav. Platene tilfredsstilte ASTM-spesifikasjonene med hensyn til hver test. The materials identified in Table I were mixed, and 100 g of them were mixed with 35.6 g of water. About 1-5% by weight of a polymer latex (acrylic or SBR) was added to the mixture to improve flexibility. The mixture was then formed into sheets according to the invention using a glass cloth composite. The boards were tested for water absorption, nail holding strength, deflection, compressive strength (wet and dry), water absorption properties and other ASTM specified requirements. The plates met the ASTM specifications with respect to each test.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
En selvplanerende gulvsammensetning # 1 i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble fremstilt av bestanddeler i mengder fremsatt i Tabell II nedenfor. En sementholdig sammensetning # 2, med bestanddeler som også er fremsatt med mengdeangivelser i Tabell II nedenfor (som ikke innbefatter et puzzolansk fyllmateriale), ble også fremstilt. A self-leveling floor composition #1 according to the invention was prepared from ingredients in amounts set forth in Table II below. A cementitious composition #2, with ingredients also set forth in amounts in Table II below (which does not include a pozzolanic filler), was also prepared.
For å danne en sammensetning for gulv med fin konsistens ble sammensetning #1 blandet med ca. 26 vekt% vann og sammensetning #2 ble blandet med ca. 24 vekt% vann. Tettheten til sammensetning #1 ble 1714 kg/m<3>. Tettheten til sammensetning #2 ble 1788 kg/m<3>. To form a composition for floors with a fine consistency, composition #1 was mixed with approx. 26 wt% water and composition #2 was mixed with approx. 24% water by weight. The density of composition #1 was 1714 kg/m<3>. The density of composition #2 was 1788 kg/m<3>.
Begge sammensetninger ble latt tørke ved ca. 21 °C og en relativ luftfuktighet på ca. 50 %. Trykkfasthetene til prøvene (50,8 x 50,8 x 50,8 mm kuber) for hver av sammensetningene ble testet etter 2 timers tørketid, og etter 1,3, 7 og 28 dager, ved pressing i en Instron-presse i henhold til ASTM C472-9A. Both compositions were allowed to dry at approx. 21 °C and a relative humidity of approx. 50%. The compressive strengths of the samples (50.8 x 50.8 x 50.8 mm cubes) for each of the compositions were tested after 2 hours of drying time, and after 1.3, 7 and 28 days, by compression in an Instron press according to ASTM C472-9A.
Resultatene fra trykkfasthetsprøvene er vist i Figur 2. Sammensetning #1 i henhold til oppfinnelsen fremviste en større trykkfasthet enn sammensetning #2 for alle de testede prøver. Selv om trykkfasthetene til begge sammensetninger ble identiske etter herding i 28 dager, er fordelen med en sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen innlysende når tetthetene til de to sammensetninger tas i betraktning. En sammensetning med en høyere tetthet bør typisk også inneha en høyere trykkfasthet. I dette tilfelle hadde imidlertid sammensetning #1 i henhold til oppfinnelsen en lavere tetthet enn sammensetning #2, men fremviste likevel en noe høyere trykkfasthet. The results from the compressive strength tests are shown in Figure 2. Composition #1 according to the invention showed a greater compressive strength than composition #2 for all the tested samples. Although the compressive strengths of both compositions became identical after curing for 28 days, the advantage of a composition according to the invention is obvious when the densities of the two compositions are taken into account. A composition with a higher density should typically also have a higher compressive strength. In this case, however, composition #1 according to the invention had a lower density than composition #2, but still exhibited a somewhat higher compressive strength.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
En sementholdig sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble fremstilt av bestanddeler i mengder fremsatt i Tabell III nedenfor: A cementitious composition according to the invention was prepared from ingredients in amounts set out in Table III below:
Materialene identifisert i Tabell III ble blandet og 100 g derav ble blandet med 35,6 g vann. 1-5 vekt% av en polymerlateks (akrylisk eller SBR) ble tilsatt til blandingen for å forbedre fleksibiliteten. Blandingen ble deretter formet til plater i henhold til oppfinnelsen ved anvendelse av en glassmatte/stirekompositt. Platene ble testet for vannabsorpsjon, spikerholdefasthet, nedbøyning, trykkfasthet (våt og tørr), egenskaper for vannoppsuging og andre ASTM-spesifiserte egenskaper. Platene tilfredsstilte ASTM-spesifikasjonene med hensyn til hver test. The materials identified in Table III were mixed and 100 g of them were mixed with 35.6 g of water. 1-5% by weight of a polymer latex (acrylic or SBR) was added to the mixture to improve flexibility. The mixture was then formed into sheets according to the invention using a glass mat/stir composite. The boards were tested for water absorption, nail holding strength, deflection, compressive strength (wet and dry), water absorption properties and other ASTM specified properties. The plates met the ASTM specifications with respect to each test.
Sveipeelektronmikroskop (SEM) i mikrografiene vist i Figurene 3, 4 og 5 ble tatt av en herdet prøve i henhold til Eksempel 3. En pil 30 peker på pimpstein i prøven, og illustrerer at i en sammensetning i henhold til oppfinnelsen blir pimpstein en del av den hydrerte kalsiumsilikat-(CSH)-gninnmassen, som i det vesentlige eliminerer all overgangssone 32 mellom pimpsteinfyllmassen og sementpastaen. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the micrographs shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 were taken of a hardened sample according to Example 3. An arrow 30 points to pumice in the sample, illustrating that in a composition according to the invention, pumice becomes part of the hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) rub, which essentially eliminates all transition zone 32 between the pumice filler and the cement paste.
Den foranstående detaljerte beskrivelse er utelukkende gitt for klarhet og forståelse, og ingen unødige begrensninger bør foregripes derav, ettersom modifikasjoner innenfor oppfinnelsens område vil være nærliggende for fagfolk innen teknikken. The foregoing detailed description is provided solely for clarity and understanding, and no undue limitations should be anticipated therefrom, as modifications within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (37)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25333394A | 1994-06-03 | 1994-06-03 | |
| US38475695A | 1995-02-07 | 1995-02-07 | |
| PCT/US1995/006543 WO1995033698A1 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-05-24 | Cementitious gypsum-containing compositions and materials made therefrom |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO965124D0 NO965124D0 (en) | 1996-12-02 |
| NO965124L NO965124L (en) | 1996-12-02 |
| NO318100B1 true NO318100B1 (en) | 2005-01-31 |
Family
ID=26943149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19965124A NO318100B1 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1996-12-02 | Cement-containing composition; and self-leveling composition for floors, road repair composition, fire-retardant sprays and fire-retardant materials, fiberboard, water-resistant structural materials, and slab containing the cementitious composition; and process for making a structural material containing the cementitious composition. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0797551B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3025906B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1048234C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2601995A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2191842C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ293712B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69524451T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0797551T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2171187T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1021366A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL113587A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO318100B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL183691B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995033698A1 (en) |
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| US5858083A (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1999-01-12 | National Gypsum Company | Cementitious gypsum-containing binders and compositions and materials made therefrom |
| ES2141002B1 (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 2000-09-16 | Gomariz Luis Rojas | APPLICABLE FIREPROOF COATING IN BUILDING. |
| US6241815B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2001-06-05 | United States Gypsum Company | Gypsum-cement system for construction materials |
| US7338990B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2008-03-04 | United States Gypsum Company | High molecular weight additives for calcined gypsum and cementitious compositions |
| MXPA04009327A (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2005-06-08 | United States Gypsum Co | High molecular weight additives for calcined gypsum and cementitious compositions. |
| KR20050116378A (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2005-12-12 | 유나이티드 스테이츠 집섬 컴파니 | Acoustical panel comprising interlocking matrix of set gypsum and method for making same |
| US7513768B2 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2009-04-07 | United States Gypsum Company | Embedment roll device |
| US7732032B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2010-06-08 | United States Gypsum Company | Lightweight, fiber-reinforced cementitious panels |
| US7875114B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2011-01-25 | United States Gypsum Company | Foamed slurry and building panel made therefrom |
| US20060280898A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | United States Gypsum Company | Modifiers for gypsum slurries and method of using them |
| US8088218B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2012-01-03 | United States Gypsum Company | Foamed slurry and building panel made therefrom |
| US20060280899A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | United States Gypsum Company | Method of making a gypsum slurry with modifiers and dispersants |
| US7572328B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2009-08-11 | United States Gypsum Company | Fast drying gypsum products |
| US7504165B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2009-03-17 | United States Gypsum Company | High strength flooring compositions |
| US7544242B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2009-06-09 | United States Gypsum Company | Effective use of dispersants in wallboard containing foam |
| PL1896374T3 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2019-04-30 | United States Gypsum Co | Gypsum slurry utilizing a two-repeating unit dispersant |
| US20060278127A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | United States Gypsum Company | Gypsum products utilizing a two-repeating unit dispersant and a method for making them |
| CN100449091C (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2009-01-07 | 江苏华东机房集团有限公司 | Movable calcium sulfale floor block |
| EP2072481A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | Lafarge | Concrete composition |
| ES2310498B1 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2010-02-08 | Cesar Sallen Rosello | PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION AND AGAINST FIRE AND USE. |
| CN101597949B (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2011-05-04 | 江苏华东机房集团有限公司 | High-strength fireproof raised floor block |
| US8038790B1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-10-18 | United States Gypsum Company | High performance non-combustible gypsum-cement compositions with enhanced water durability and thermal stability for reinforced cementitious lightweight structural cement panels |
| GB2489981B (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2013-04-10 | Green Binder Technologies Ltd | Cementitious binders containing ground granulated blast furnace slag |
| WO2013048351A1 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2013-04-04 | Scg Building Materials Co., Ltd | Gypsum-based composition for construction material and system |
| CZ305168B6 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2015-05-27 | České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta stavební, Experimentální centrum | High-quality cement composite |
| CN104692758B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-10-05 | 海洋化工研究院有限公司 | The outdoor fire-retardant fire-resistant coating for steel structure of a kind of smoke-inhibiting type |
| CN105481302B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-01-16 | 浙江汉德邦建材有限公司 | A kind of waterproof fibre cement plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105293957B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-08-25 | 山东中粉建材股份有限公司 | A kind of concrete gel material and preparation method thereof |
| US10196310B2 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-02-05 | Geopolymer Solutions LLC | Cold fusion concrete |
| CN108373308B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2021-02-02 | 同济大学 | Fiber reinforced gypsum composite material with ultrahigh ductility and preparation method thereof |
| CN110204295A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-09-06 | 苏州绿乘轻质绿色材料有限公司 | Sound insulation terrace mortar and preparation method thereof and sound insulation method for constructing terrace |
| US10954162B1 (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-23 | Geopolymer Solutions, LLC | Protective coating |
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| DE2430683A1 (en) * | 1974-06-26 | 1976-01-29 | Boergardts Kg H & E | Rapid hardening gypsum hemihydrate-base compsn. - contg. cement, strength-increasing agent and hydration retardant |
| DE3230406A1 (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-02-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | BINDER MIXTURE OF SULFATIC, LIME-DISPENSING AND PUZZOLANIC SUBSTANCES |
| US4494990A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-01-22 | Ash Grove Cement Company | Cementitious composition |
| US4661159A (en) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-04-28 | Raymond Ortega | Cementitious floor underlayment |
-
1995
- 1995-05-02 IL IL11358795A patent/IL113587A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-24 DK DK95920630T patent/DK0797551T3/en active
- 1995-05-24 PL PL95317432A patent/PL183691B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-24 CA CA 2191842 patent/CA2191842C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-24 EP EP95920630A patent/EP0797551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-24 CZ CZ19963531A patent/CZ293712B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-24 WO PCT/US1995/006543 patent/WO1995033698A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-24 JP JP50100596A patent/JP3025906B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-24 AU AU26019/95A patent/AU2601995A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-24 CN CN95193424A patent/CN1048234C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-24 DE DE1995624451 patent/DE69524451T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-24 ES ES95920630T patent/ES2171187T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-12-02 NO NO19965124A patent/NO318100B1/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-09-02 CN CN98119101A patent/CN1106362C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-01-11 HK HK00100181A patent/HK1021366A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0797551T3 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
| CZ293712B6 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
| DE69524451D1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| CA2191842C (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| WO1995033698A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| AU2601995A (en) | 1996-01-04 |
| CN1223236A (en) | 1999-07-21 |
| IL113587A (en) | 1999-05-09 |
| JP3025906B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 |
| CN1106362C (en) | 2003-04-23 |
| EP0797551A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
| CN1048234C (en) | 2000-01-12 |
| CA2191842A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| PL317432A1 (en) | 1997-04-14 |
| EP0797551B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
| IL113587A0 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| DE69524451T2 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| HK1021366A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 |
| NO965124D0 (en) | 1996-12-02 |
| NO965124L (en) | 1996-12-02 |
| JPH09511732A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
| CN1150416A (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| ES2171187T3 (en) | 2002-09-01 |
| PL183691B1 (en) | 2002-06-28 |
| CZ353196A3 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
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