NO150432B - Tube - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO150432B NO150432B NO782132A NO782132A NO150432B NO 150432 B NO150432 B NO 150432B NO 782132 A NO782132 A NO 782132A NO 782132 A NO782132 A NO 782132A NO 150432 B NO150432 B NO 150432B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- capacitor
- amplifier
- stated
- shunt circuit
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100033673 Mus musculus Ren1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000158147 Sator Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
- B29C65/568—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/58—Snap connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
- B29C66/12449—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being asymmetric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12461—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
- B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
- B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D35/00—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
- B65D35/02—Body construction
- B65D35/12—Connections between body and closure-receiving bush
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
- B29C66/72328—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/20—Flexible squeeze tubes, e.g. for cosmetics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tubes (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Description
Fastholdt integrerings - strømkretsanor dning.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår fast-holdte (clamped) integrerings-strømkrets-anordninger og spesielt av den art hvor det over en kondensator, som er i serie med en motstand, er koblet en likestrøm-forsterker og hvor fastholdelsen foregår ved å påtrykke en fastholdelsesbølge på en transistor som er innskutt i en krets i shunt med kondensatoren.
Oppfinnelsen er vist på og skal for-klares nærmere i forbindelse med ved-føyede tegninger. Fig. 1 viser en kjent, fastholdt integ-reringsstrømkretsanordning av den art oppfinnelsen angår. Fig. 2 og 3 viser to utførelsesformer for anordningen i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. Samme henvisningstall er brukt for samme deler i alle figurer. Fig. 1 viser en fastholdt integrerings-strømkretsanordning hvor selve integrer-ingskretsen er av en art som er meget vel kjent og i vanlig bruk. Selve integrerings-kretsen består av en kondensator 1 som ligger i serie med en motstand 2 og over hvilken det er lagt en likestrømforsterker 3 med høy forsterkningsgrad. Inngangsklemmen for signaler som skal integreres er betegnet 4, og 5 er utgangsklemmen. For å skaffe et kjent referansepunkt hvorfra integreringen kan begynne, er det sørget for å kortslutte eller fastholde kondensatoren 1 før integreringen og fjerne kortslut-ningen eller fastholdelsen når integreringen skal begynne. Denne fastholdelse er be-virket ved hjelp av en transistor 6 som er
lagt over kondensatoren 1 og hvis basis, gjennom en motstand 7 over en klemme 8 tilføres en passende rektangulær bølge
slik som angitt, på vanlig måte, nær klemmen 8. Transistoren kan være enten av PNP- eller NPN-typen, selv om en transistor av typen PNP er vist, og under fastholdelsen gjøres denne transistor ledende enten ved hjelp av den negative eller positive halvbølge av fastholdelsesbølgen, alt etter den type transistor som brukes. I denne til-stand trekker transistoren basis-strøm. Under integreringsperioder må spenningen mellom basisen og emitteren i transistoren være slik at den effektive diode som ut-gjøres av emitteren og basisen er ikke ledende og forholdet mellom basis-spenningen og spiss-utgangsspenningen på klemmen 5 må også være slik at den effektive diode som utgjøres av kollektaren og basisen i transistoren også holdes ikke ledende. Hvis det største positive spen-ningsutslag på utgangsklemmen 5 er + X volt, må basisspenningen på transistoren ved overgang fra fastholdelsestilstanden til integreringstilstanden og omvendt være mere enn + X volt. Denne fordring fører til en alvorlig ikke ønsket begrensning i brukbarheten av anordningen, spesielt hvis transistoren 6, slik som det vanlig er til-felle, er en hurtigvirkende silisiumtransistor. En slik transistor blir nesten alltid brukt på grunn av at lekkasjen i transistoren med handelsgermanium er for høy til at de kan betraktes som tilfredsstillende for bruk i anordningen.
Hurtigvirkende transistorer som fin-
nes på markedet og er egnet for bruk som transistoren 6 i fig. 1 har en ikke ønsket begrensning når det gjelder deres tillatelige omvendte basisemitter-spenning. For å
nevne et praktisk tall er denne tillatelige basis-emitterspenning for en hurtigvirken-
de silisiumtransistor slik som de nå fore-
ligger i handelen bare ca. 5 volt. Hvis en slik transistor brukes som transistoren 6
i fig. 1 blir følgelig den største tillatelige spenning på utgangsklemmen bare +5 volt.
Dette er en betydelig og ikke ønsket be-
grensning som foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på å fjerne.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter en
fastholdt integrerings-strømkretsanord-
ning en kondensator i serie med en mot-
stand, en likestrømforsterker lagt over denne kondensator, en shunt-krets, som inneholder en transistor, koblet over kondensatoren, og anordninger for å påtrykke en fastholdelsesspenningsbølge på styreelektroden i transistoren for å gjøre den ledende slik at kondensatoren fastholdes til forutbestemte tider, idet det særegne be-
står i at shuntkretsen også omfatter en amplitudebegrenser og en ytterligere for-
sterker.
Denne ytterligere forsterker er for-
trinnsvis, om enn ikke nødvendigvis, en forsterker med en forsterkningsfaktor lik 1.
Begrenseren kan hensiktsmessig om-
fatte en motstand i serie i den nevnte shuntkrets og to motsatt rettede dioder for-
bundet mellom forsterker-inngangsklem-
men og et punkt med fastholdt potensial.
Eventuelt kan et forutbestemt like-strømspotensial fra en utvendig kilde, som kan være regulerbar, påtrykkes et punkt i den nevnte shuntkrets før begrensning for å skaffe et ønsket «hvile-nivå». Hvis be-
grenseren er slik som beskrevet ovenfor kan således likestrømspotensialet påtrykkes siennom en motstand på forbindelsespunk-
tet mellom diodene.
Fig. 2 viser en utførelsesform for anordningen i henhold til foreliggende opp-
finnelse. Den skiller seg fra fig. 1 ved at det i serie i shuntkretsen over kondensato-
ren 1 er lagt inn en begrenser og en ytter-
li<g>ere forsterker. Begrenseren, som består av deler innenfor den strekpunkterte fir-
kant, omfatter en motstand 9 i shuntkret-
sen og to motsatt rettede dioder 11 og 12
som forbinder forsterkerenden av mot-
standen 9 med jord. Den ytterligere for-
sterker 13 kan være av hvilken som helst kjent utførelse og kan hensiktsmessig ha enhets-forsterkning. For å nevne praktiske tall skal det forutsettes at begrenseren er
innstillet på å begrense ved ±2 volt. Ut-
gangen fra forsterkeren 13 vil derfor ikke følge spenningen på utgangsklemmen 5
hvis denne spenning slår ut utover dette område. Den spenning som trenges på
basisen i transistoren 6 er nå ikke lenger bestemt av den høyeste spenning på klem-
men 5, men av den høyeste spenning på utgangsklemmen for begrenseren, og følge-
lig vil den tillatelige motsatt rettede basis-område-emitterspenning for transistoren 6
ikke lenger begrense det tillatelige ut-gan gsspenningsutslag. En hurtigvirkende silisiumtransistor med en tillatelig basis-emitterspenning på bare 5 volt kan således tilfredsstillende brukes i en anordning hvor det høyeste utgangs-spennings-utslag er f. eks. ± 10 volt eller mere.
En ekstra fordel som også oppnås er
at feil i utgangsenergien som skyldes fast-holdelsesspenningsbølgen som påtrykkes ved 8 og som opptrer på grunn av uunngå-
elig kapasitet mellom emitter og basis i transistoren blir redusert i amplitude.
Fig. 3 viser en ytterligere utførelses-
form hvor det for å fastholde eller innstille hvile-spenningen påtrykkes en regulerbar likespenning i shuntkretsen over konden-
satoren 1. Som vist er denne utledet fra et potensiometer 14 som ligger over en pas-
sende likestrømskilde, som ikke er vist, og påtrykkes gjennom en motstand 15 på forbindelsespunktet mellom motstanden 9 og inngangsklemmen for forsterkeren 13.
I både fig. 2 og fig. 3 kan selvsagt
emitter- og kollektor-forbindelsene for transistoren 6 byttes om.
Claims (5)
1. «Fastholdt» integrerings-strøm-kretsanordning, omfattende en kondensa-
tor i serie med en motstand, en likestrøm-forsterker koblet over denne kondensator, en shuntkrets som inneholder en transistor, koblet over kondensatoren, og anordninger for å påtrykke en fastholdelsesspen-ningsbølge på styreelektroden i transistoren for å gjøre denne ledende for derved å «fastholde» kondensatoren til forutbestemte tider, karakterisert ved at shuntkretsen også omfatter en amplitudebegrenser (9, 11, 12) og en ytterligere forsterker (13).
2. Anordning som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at den ytterligere forsterker (13) har en forsterkningsfaktor lik 1.
3. Anordning som angitt i påstand 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at begrenseren omfatter en motstand (9) i serie i shuntkretsen og to motsatt rettede pa-rallellkoblede dioder (11, 12) forbundet mellom inngangsklemmen for den ytterligere forsterker og et punkt med fastholdt potensial.
4. Anordning som angitt i påstand 1—3, karakterisert ved at den påtrykkes et likestrømspotensial fra en ytre kilde på et punkt i shuntkretsen før begrensning for derved å skaffe et ønsket «hvile-nivå».
5. Anordning som angitt i påstand 3 og 4, karakterisert ved at like-strøm-potensialet blir påtrykket gjennom en motstand (15) på forbindelsespunktet mellom diodene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US80806377A | 1977-06-20 | 1977-06-20 | |
US89890978A | 1978-04-26 | 1978-04-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO782132L NO782132L (no) | 1978-12-21 |
NO150432B true NO150432B (no) | 1984-07-09 |
NO150432C NO150432C (no) | 1984-10-17 |
Family
ID=27123078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO782132A NO150432C (no) | 1977-06-20 | 1978-06-19 | Tube |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5822434B2 (no) |
AU (1) | AU506826B1 (no) |
BR (1) | BR7803901A (no) |
CA (1) | CA1075647A (no) |
CH (1) | CH635792A5 (no) |
DE (2) | DE2826680C2 (no) |
DK (1) | DK271778A (no) |
ES (1) | ES470884A1 (no) |
FR (1) | FR2395197A1 (no) |
IT (1) | IT1105194B (no) |
NL (1) | NL175160C (no) |
NO (1) | NO150432C (no) |
SE (1) | SE7806954L (no) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI64920C (fi) * | 1982-03-17 | 1984-02-10 | Huhtamaeki Oy | Aendstycke foer roer |
DE3225045C1 (de) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-02-16 | Automation Industrielle S.A., 1896 Vouvry | Verpackungstube |
JPS6030338U (ja) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-03-01 | 株式会社明電舎 | デイ−ゼル機関の制御装置 |
JPS6098135A (ja) * | 1983-11-04 | 1985-06-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジン・スト−ル回避機能を有するエンジン電子制御装置 |
JPS61165100U (no) * | 1985-04-03 | 1986-10-13 | ||
JP2615019B2 (ja) * | 1986-08-22 | 1997-05-28 | 清水 郁子 | 分極反転領域を有するLiNbO▲下3▼単結晶圧電基板の製造方法 |
JP2615020B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-01 | 1997-05-28 | 清水 郁子 | 超音波トランスジューサ及び表面波デバイス |
JP2958004B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-02 | 1999-10-06 | 清水 郁子 | 分極反転領域を有するLiNbO▲下3▼基板を利用したデバイス |
CH684082A5 (de) * | 1991-12-19 | 1994-07-15 | Sika Robotics Ag | Behälter. |
DE19623301C2 (de) * | 1996-06-11 | 1999-11-11 | Automation Industrielle Sa | Tubenkopfrohling und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
CN103946126B (zh) | 2011-11-22 | 2017-02-22 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于密封可塌缩容器的制品和方法 |
USD716143S1 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2014-10-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | End cap for a container |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2274258A (en) * | 1939-10-30 | 1942-02-24 | Walter A Roselle | Container |
US2398505A (en) * | 1942-07-15 | 1946-04-16 | Pepin Joseph | Dispensing tube |
GB559277A (en) * | 1942-09-29 | 1944-02-11 | Hermann Friedrich Vollmann | Improvements relating to collapsible tubes |
FR1091236A (fr) * | 1954-01-08 | 1955-04-08 | Récipient écrasable utilisable pour la conservation de substances telles que pâtes, crèmes ou pommades | |
US3260411A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1966-07-12 | American Can Co | Collapsible container structure |
GB1220581A (en) * | 1967-04-20 | 1971-01-27 | United Glass Ltd | Production of containers |
US3529751A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1970-09-22 | Rexall Drug Chemical | Method of constructing containers and product thereof |
AT290667B (de) * | 1968-10-14 | 1971-06-11 | Goerz Electro Gmbh | Verfahren zum Messen von Kapazitäten und Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US3656668A (en) * | 1969-09-11 | 1972-04-18 | Container Corp | Neck assembly for thin walled container |
US3874558A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-04-01 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Dispensing container manufacturing apparatus and methods |
-
1978
- 1978-06-05 CA CA304,742A patent/CA1075647A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-12 AU AU37019/78A patent/AU506826B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-16 SE SE7806954A patent/SE7806954L/xx unknown
- 1978-06-16 ES ES470884A patent/ES470884A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-06-16 DK DK271778A patent/DK271778A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-06-16 CH CH660278A patent/CH635792A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-19 FR FR7818294A patent/FR2395197A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-06-19 JP JP53074073A patent/JPS5822434B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1978-06-19 IT IT49922/78A patent/IT1105194B/it active
- 1978-06-19 NL NLAANVRAGE7806582,A patent/NL175160C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-19 DE DE2826680A patent/DE2826680C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-06-19 NO NO782132A patent/NO150432C/no unknown
- 1978-06-19 DE DE7818230U patent/DE7818230U1/de not_active Expired
- 1978-06-20 BR BR7803901A patent/BR7803901A/pt unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR7803901A (pt) | 1979-01-09 |
IT7849922A0 (it) | 1978-06-19 |
CA1075647A (en) | 1980-04-15 |
DE2826680C2 (de) | 1982-11-11 |
FR2395197B1 (no) | 1982-03-26 |
IT1105194B (it) | 1985-10-28 |
FR2395197A1 (fr) | 1979-01-19 |
NL7806582A (nl) | 1978-12-22 |
DE2826680A1 (de) | 1978-12-21 |
NO782132L (no) | 1978-12-21 |
NL175160C (nl) | 1984-10-01 |
NO150432C (no) | 1984-10-17 |
AU506826B1 (en) | 1980-01-24 |
SE7806954L (sv) | 1978-12-21 |
JPS5418385A (en) | 1979-02-10 |
CH635792A5 (en) | 1983-04-29 |
DK271778A (da) | 1978-12-21 |
JPS5822434B2 (ja) | 1983-05-09 |
DE7818230U1 (de) | 1978-10-05 |
ES470884A1 (es) | 1979-02-01 |
NL175160B (nl) | 1984-05-01 |
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