NO150432B - Tube - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO150432B
NO150432B NO782132A NO782132A NO150432B NO 150432 B NO150432 B NO 150432B NO 782132 A NO782132 A NO 782132A NO 782132 A NO782132 A NO 782132A NO 150432 B NO150432 B NO 150432B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
transistor
capacitor
amplifier
stated
shunt circuit
Prior art date
Application number
NO782132A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
NO782132L (no
NO150432C (no
Inventor
Joseph L Abbott
Original Assignee
Joseph L Abbott
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Joseph L Abbott filed Critical Joseph L Abbott
Publication of NO782132L publication Critical patent/NO782132L/no
Publication of NO150432B publication Critical patent/NO150432B/no
Publication of NO150432C publication Critical patent/NO150432C/no

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/567Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B29C65/568Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58Snap connection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12449Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being asymmetric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12461Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12469Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612Making circumferential joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63Internally supporting the article during joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D35/00Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
    • B65D35/02Body construction
    • B65D35/12Connections between body and closure-receiving bush
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/20Flexible squeeze tubes, e.g. for cosmetics

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Description

Fastholdt integrerings - strømkretsanor dning.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår fast-holdte (clamped) integrerings-strømkrets-anordninger og spesielt av den art hvor det over en kondensator, som er i serie med en motstand, er koblet en likestrøm-forsterker og hvor fastholdelsen foregår ved å påtrykke en fastholdelsesbølge på en transistor som er innskutt i en krets i shunt med kondensatoren.
Oppfinnelsen er vist på og skal for-klares nærmere i forbindelse med ved-føyede tegninger. Fig. 1 viser en kjent, fastholdt integ-reringsstrømkretsanordning av den art oppfinnelsen angår. Fig. 2 og 3 viser to utførelsesformer for anordningen i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. Samme henvisningstall er brukt for samme deler i alle figurer. Fig. 1 viser en fastholdt integrerings-strømkretsanordning hvor selve integrer-ingskretsen er av en art som er meget vel kjent og i vanlig bruk. Selve integrerings-kretsen består av en kondensator 1 som ligger i serie med en motstand 2 og over hvilken det er lagt en likestrømforsterker 3 med høy forsterkningsgrad. Inngangsklemmen for signaler som skal integreres er betegnet 4, og 5 er utgangsklemmen. For å skaffe et kjent referansepunkt hvorfra integreringen kan begynne, er det sørget for å kortslutte eller fastholde kondensatoren 1 før integreringen og fjerne kortslut-ningen eller fastholdelsen når integreringen skal begynne. Denne fastholdelse er be-virket ved hjelp av en transistor 6 som er
lagt over kondensatoren 1 og hvis basis, gjennom en motstand 7 over en klemme 8 tilføres en passende rektangulær bølge
slik som angitt, på vanlig måte, nær klemmen 8. Transistoren kan være enten av PNP- eller NPN-typen, selv om en transistor av typen PNP er vist, og under fastholdelsen gjøres denne transistor ledende enten ved hjelp av den negative eller positive halvbølge av fastholdelsesbølgen, alt etter den type transistor som brukes. I denne til-stand trekker transistoren basis-strøm. Under integreringsperioder må spenningen mellom basisen og emitteren i transistoren være slik at den effektive diode som ut-gjøres av emitteren og basisen er ikke ledende og forholdet mellom basis-spenningen og spiss-utgangsspenningen på klemmen 5 må også være slik at den effektive diode som utgjøres av kollektaren og basisen i transistoren også holdes ikke ledende. Hvis det største positive spen-ningsutslag på utgangsklemmen 5 er + X volt, må basisspenningen på transistoren ved overgang fra fastholdelsestilstanden til integreringstilstanden og omvendt være mere enn + X volt. Denne fordring fører til en alvorlig ikke ønsket begrensning i brukbarheten av anordningen, spesielt hvis transistoren 6, slik som det vanlig er til-felle, er en hurtigvirkende silisiumtransistor. En slik transistor blir nesten alltid brukt på grunn av at lekkasjen i transistoren med handelsgermanium er for høy til at de kan betraktes som tilfredsstillende for bruk i anordningen.
Hurtigvirkende transistorer som fin-
nes på markedet og er egnet for bruk som transistoren 6 i fig. 1 har en ikke ønsket begrensning når det gjelder deres tillatelige omvendte basisemitter-spenning. For å
nevne et praktisk tall er denne tillatelige basis-emitterspenning for en hurtigvirken-
de silisiumtransistor slik som de nå fore-
ligger i handelen bare ca. 5 volt. Hvis en slik transistor brukes som transistoren 6
i fig. 1 blir følgelig den største tillatelige spenning på utgangsklemmen bare +5 volt.
Dette er en betydelig og ikke ønsket be-
grensning som foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på å fjerne.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter en
fastholdt integrerings-strømkretsanord-
ning en kondensator i serie med en mot-
stand, en likestrømforsterker lagt over denne kondensator, en shunt-krets, som inneholder en transistor, koblet over kondensatoren, og anordninger for å påtrykke en fastholdelsesspenningsbølge på styreelektroden i transistoren for å gjøre den ledende slik at kondensatoren fastholdes til forutbestemte tider, idet det særegne be-
står i at shuntkretsen også omfatter en amplitudebegrenser og en ytterligere for-
sterker.
Denne ytterligere forsterker er for-
trinnsvis, om enn ikke nødvendigvis, en forsterker med en forsterkningsfaktor lik 1.
Begrenseren kan hensiktsmessig om-
fatte en motstand i serie i den nevnte shuntkrets og to motsatt rettede dioder for-
bundet mellom forsterker-inngangsklem-
men og et punkt med fastholdt potensial.
Eventuelt kan et forutbestemt like-strømspotensial fra en utvendig kilde, som kan være regulerbar, påtrykkes et punkt i den nevnte shuntkrets før begrensning for å skaffe et ønsket «hvile-nivå». Hvis be-
grenseren er slik som beskrevet ovenfor kan således likestrømspotensialet påtrykkes siennom en motstand på forbindelsespunk-
tet mellom diodene.
Fig. 2 viser en utførelsesform for anordningen i henhold til foreliggende opp-
finnelse. Den skiller seg fra fig. 1 ved at det i serie i shuntkretsen over kondensato-
ren 1 er lagt inn en begrenser og en ytter-
li<g>ere forsterker. Begrenseren, som består av deler innenfor den strekpunkterte fir-
kant, omfatter en motstand 9 i shuntkret-
sen og to motsatt rettede dioder 11 og 12
som forbinder forsterkerenden av mot-
standen 9 med jord. Den ytterligere for-
sterker 13 kan være av hvilken som helst kjent utførelse og kan hensiktsmessig ha enhets-forsterkning. For å nevne praktiske tall skal det forutsettes at begrenseren er
innstillet på å begrense ved ±2 volt. Ut-
gangen fra forsterkeren 13 vil derfor ikke følge spenningen på utgangsklemmen 5
hvis denne spenning slår ut utover dette område. Den spenning som trenges på
basisen i transistoren 6 er nå ikke lenger bestemt av den høyeste spenning på klem-
men 5, men av den høyeste spenning på utgangsklemmen for begrenseren, og følge-
lig vil den tillatelige motsatt rettede basis-område-emitterspenning for transistoren 6
ikke lenger begrense det tillatelige ut-gan gsspenningsutslag. En hurtigvirkende silisiumtransistor med en tillatelig basis-emitterspenning på bare 5 volt kan således tilfredsstillende brukes i en anordning hvor det høyeste utgangs-spennings-utslag er f. eks. ± 10 volt eller mere.
En ekstra fordel som også oppnås er
at feil i utgangsenergien som skyldes fast-holdelsesspenningsbølgen som påtrykkes ved 8 og som opptrer på grunn av uunngå-
elig kapasitet mellom emitter og basis i transistoren blir redusert i amplitude.
Fig. 3 viser en ytterligere utførelses-
form hvor det for å fastholde eller innstille hvile-spenningen påtrykkes en regulerbar likespenning i shuntkretsen over konden-
satoren 1. Som vist er denne utledet fra et potensiometer 14 som ligger over en pas-
sende likestrømskilde, som ikke er vist, og påtrykkes gjennom en motstand 15 på forbindelsespunktet mellom motstanden 9 og inngangsklemmen for forsterkeren 13.
I både fig. 2 og fig. 3 kan selvsagt
emitter- og kollektor-forbindelsene for transistoren 6 byttes om.

Claims (5)

1. «Fastholdt» integrerings-strøm-kretsanordning, omfattende en kondensa-
tor i serie med en motstand, en likestrøm-forsterker koblet over denne kondensator, en shuntkrets som inneholder en transistor, koblet over kondensatoren, og anordninger for å påtrykke en fastholdelsesspen-ningsbølge på styreelektroden i transistoren for å gjøre denne ledende for derved å «fastholde» kondensatoren til forutbestemte tider, karakterisert ved at shuntkretsen også omfatter en amplitudebegrenser (9, 11, 12) og en ytterligere forsterker (13).
2. Anordning som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at den ytterligere forsterker (13) har en forsterkningsfaktor lik 1.
3. Anordning som angitt i påstand 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at begrenseren omfatter en motstand (9) i serie i shuntkretsen og to motsatt rettede pa-rallellkoblede dioder (11, 12) forbundet mellom inngangsklemmen for den ytterligere forsterker og et punkt med fastholdt potensial.
4. Anordning som angitt i påstand 1—3, karakterisert ved at den påtrykkes et likestrømspotensial fra en ytre kilde på et punkt i shuntkretsen før begrensning for derved å skaffe et ønsket «hvile-nivå».
5. Anordning som angitt i påstand 3 og 4, karakterisert ved at like-strøm-potensialet blir påtrykket gjennom en motstand (15) på forbindelsespunktet mellom diodene.
NO782132A 1977-06-20 1978-06-19 Tube NO150432C (no)

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DE3225045C1 (de) * 1982-07-05 1984-02-16 Automation Industrielle S.A., 1896 Vouvry Verpackungstube
JPS6030338U (ja) * 1983-08-08 1985-03-01 株式会社明電舎 デイ−ゼル機関の制御装置
JPS6098135A (ja) * 1983-11-04 1985-06-01 Nissan Motor Co Ltd エンジン・スト−ル回避機能を有するエンジン電子制御装置
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JP2615019B2 (ja) * 1986-08-22 1997-05-28 清水 郁子 分極反転領域を有するLiNbO▲下3▼単結晶圧電基板の製造方法
JP2615020B2 (ja) * 1986-09-01 1997-05-28 清水 郁子 超音波トランスジューサ及び表面波デバイス
JP2958004B2 (ja) * 1986-09-02 1999-10-06 清水 郁子 分極反転領域を有するLiNbO▲下3▼基板を利用したデバイス
CH684082A5 (de) * 1991-12-19 1994-07-15 Sika Robotics Ag Behälter.
DE19623301C2 (de) * 1996-06-11 1999-11-11 Automation Industrielle Sa Tubenkopfrohling und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN103946126B (zh) 2011-11-22 2017-02-22 3M创新有限公司 用于密封可塌缩容器的制品和方法
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BR7803901A (pt) 1979-01-09
IT7849922A0 (it) 1978-06-19
CA1075647A (en) 1980-04-15
DE2826680C2 (de) 1982-11-11
FR2395197B1 (no) 1982-03-26
IT1105194B (it) 1985-10-28
FR2395197A1 (fr) 1979-01-19
NL7806582A (nl) 1978-12-22
DE2826680A1 (de) 1978-12-21
NO782132L (no) 1978-12-21
NL175160C (nl) 1984-10-01
NO150432C (no) 1984-10-17
AU506826B1 (en) 1980-01-24
SE7806954L (sv) 1978-12-21
JPS5418385A (en) 1979-02-10
CH635792A5 (en) 1983-04-29
DK271778A (da) 1978-12-21
JPS5822434B2 (ja) 1983-05-09
DE7818230U1 (de) 1978-10-05
ES470884A1 (es) 1979-02-01
NL175160B (nl) 1984-05-01

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