NO148578B - HOOF FREQUENCY RESONOR WITH ADJUSTABLE RESONANCE FREQUENCY - Google Patents
HOOF FREQUENCY RESONOR WITH ADJUSTABLE RESONANCE FREQUENCY Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO148578B NO148578B NO781000A NO781000A NO148578B NO 148578 B NO148578 B NO 148578B NO 781000 A NO781000 A NO 781000A NO 781000 A NO781000 A NO 781000A NO 148578 B NO148578 B NO 148578B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- ester
- preparation
- persalt
- bleaching
- optionally
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 title 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- -1 sulfophenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GAHWOZNGFZSNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylmethoxycarbonyloxybenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GAHWOZNGFZSNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QZXSMBBFBXPQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(dodecanoyl)ethanolamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO QZXSMBBFBXPQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- QPHLBKLGLGQEKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-]C(OCCCC(C=C1)=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O)=O.[Na+] Chemical compound [O-]C(OCCCC(C=C1)=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O)=O.[Na+] QPHLBKLGLGQEKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004799 bromophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000068 chlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000490 cinnamyl group Chemical group C(C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004802 cyanophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004188 dichlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl pyrocarbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045996 isethionic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006501 nitrophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZWGHDYJGOMEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VZWGHDYJGOMEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/215—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters using ferromagnetic material
- H01P1/217—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters using ferromagnetic material the ferromagnetic material acting as a tuning element in resonators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
- B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
- B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0008—Magnetic or paramagnetic
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Package Closures (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Description
Blekemiddelpreparat. Bleach preparation.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et blekemiddelpreparat, som er egnet til å fjerne The present invention relates to a bleaching agent preparation, which is suitable for removing
flekker fra tekstilmaterialer. stains from textile materials.
Mange rensemiddelpreparater inneholder Many cleaning agent preparations contain
et uorganisk persalt som f.eks. natriumperborat eller perkarbonat for å tilveiebringe an inorganic persalt such as sodium perborate or percarbonate to provide
blekende egenskaper. Disse persalter tilveie-bringer en tilfredsstillende blekning når rense-midlet anvendes ved kokning, idet virkningen bleaching properties. These persalts provide satisfactory bleaching when the cleaning agent is used by boiling, as the effect
av disse stoffer ved lavere temperaturer er of these substances at lower temperatures is
temmelig langsom. Denne ulempe er blitt av rather slow. This inconvenience is gone
særlig betyding med den økende bruk av vas-kemaskiner som arbeider ved en temperatur particularly important with the increasing use of washing machines that work at a temperature
av f.eks. 50—60 °C. Det er et formål for foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebrige en mer effektiv blekning i løpet av den normale vaske-periode ved denne temperatur enn det oppnåes of e.g. 50-60 °C. It is an object of the present invention to provide a more effective bleaching during the normal washing period at this temperature than is achieved
med persaltet alene. with the persalt alone.
Preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan The preparations according to the invention can
også finne anvendelse i tekstilindustrien og i also find application in the textile industry and in
vaskerier. laundries.
Norsk patent nr. 93.469 angår en alter-nativ fremgangsmåte for å oppnå dette mål. Norwegian patent no. 93,469 relates to an alternative method for achieving this goal.
Patentet er rettet mot en blekeprosess som The patent is directed to a bleaching process which
karakteriseres ved anvendelse av en vandig is characterized using an aqueous
oppløsning av hydrogenperoksyd og en organisk ester av en karboksylsyre, hvilken ester solution of hydrogen peroxide and an organic ester of a carboxylic acid, which ester
tilfredsstiller en titerprøve som er fullstendig satisfies a titer test that is complete
beskrevet i patents beskrivelse. Patentet er described in the patent description. The patent is
også rettet mot et preparat som karakteriseres also aimed at a preparation that is characterized
ved et innhold av uorganisk persalt og den by a content of inorganic persalt and the
ovennevnte organiske ester. above-mentioned organic esters.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringes et blekemiddelpreparat, hvis bleke-virkning er basert på tilstedeværelse av hydrogenperoksyd i en vandig oppløsning derav, fortrinnsvis avgitt fra et persalt, hvilket preparat eventuelt inneholder en såpe eller et syntetisk, organisk rensemiddel. Preparatet karakteriseres ved at det inneholder en ester av karbonsyre eller pyrokarbonsyre som henholdsvis har formlene: According to the present invention, a bleaching agent preparation is provided, the bleaching effect of which is based on the presence of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution thereof, preferably emitted from a persalt, which preparation optionally contains a soap or a synthetic, organic cleaning agent. The preparation is characterized by the fact that it contains an ester of carbonic acid or pyrocarbonic acid which respectively have the formulas:
hvor Rt er en sulfo- eller karboksysubstituert arylgruppe som eventuelt kan være ytterligere substituert med halogen-, metyl- eller nitro-grupper, R2 er en alkyl-, lavere alkenyl, aryl-, aralkyl- eller alicyklisk gruppe som eventuelt kan være substituert med én eller flere halogen-, nitro-, lavere alkoksy-, lavere alkyl-eller cyangrupper, og R3 er en alkylgruppe, idet esteren har en titer efter den i det følgen-de anførte titeringsforskrift av ikke mindre enn 1,0 ml 0,1 n Na2S203. Den ovennevnte titering utføres således: Til en oppløsning, som ved 60 °C inneholder de følgende bestanddeler i 500 ml destillert vann: 1,25 g natrium pyrofosfat-dekahydrat where Rt is a sulfo- or carboxy-substituted aryl group which can optionally be further substituted with halogen, methyl or nitro groups, R2 is an alkyl, lower alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alicyclic group which can optionally be substituted with one or several halogen, nitro, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl or cyano groups, and R3 is an alkyl group, the ester having a titer according to the following titration regulation of not less than 1.0 ml 0.1 n Na 2 S 2 O 3 . The above titration is carried out as follows: To a solution which at 60 °C contains the following components in 500 ml of distilled water: 1.25 g of sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate
(Na4<P>207.10<H>20) (Na4<P>207.10<H>20)
0,154 g natriumperborat (NaB02.H2.3H20) 0.154 g sodium perborate (NaB02.H2.3H20)
(ved 10,4 % tilgjengelig oksygen) (at 10.4% available oxygen)
tilsettes en mengde ester i et ekvimolart forhold til det tilgjengelige oksygen. Vannopp-løselige estere tilsettes direkte til den vandige a quantity of ester is added in an equimolar ratio to the available oxygen. Water-soluble esters are added directly to the aqueous
oppløsning, andre estere skal oppløses i 10 ml etylalkohol før tilsetningen, og volumet av destillert vann reduseres i slike tilfeller til 490 ml. Sure derivater skal nøytraliseres før tilsetningen. Blandingen omrøres mekanisk ved hjelp av en 1,9 cm glassrører ved 600 om-dreininger pr. minutt og blandingen holdes ved 60 °C. Ef ter 1 minutt og efter 5 minutter føres ut 100 ml's deler og disse pipetteres umiddelbart på en blanding av 250 g knust is og 15 ml iseddik. 0,4 g kaliumjodid tilsettes derpå. Det frigjorte jod titreres umiddelbart med 0,1 N natriumtiosulfat under anvendelse av stivelse som indikator inntil den første forsvinning av den blå farve. solution, other esters must be dissolved in 10 ml of ethyl alcohol before the addition, and the volume of distilled water is reduced in such cases to 490 ml. Acidic derivatives must be neutralized before addition. The mixture is stirred mechanically using a 1.9 cm glass stirrer at 600 revolutions per minute. minute and the mixture is kept at 60 °C. After 1 minute and after 5 minutes, portions of 100 ml are taken out and these are immediately pipetted onto a mixture of 250 g of crushed ice and 15 ml of glacial acetic acid. 0.4 g of potassium iodide is then added. The liberated iodine is immediately titrated with 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate using starch as an indicator until the first disappearance of the blue colour.
Særlig foretrukne betydninger for Rt er sulfofenyl, karboksyfenyl, sulfo-a-naftyl, sulfo-yQ-naftyl, karboksy-«-naftyl og karboksy-/?-naftyl. Disse kan eventuelt være ytterligere substituert slik som ovenfor angitt. Particularly preferred values for Rt are sulfophenyl, carboxyphenyl, sulfo-α-naphthyl, sulfo-γ-naphthyl, carboxy-α-naphthyl and carboxy-α-naphthyl. These may optionally be further substituted as indicated above.
Særlig foretrukne betydninger av R, er metyl, etyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, heksyl, oktyl, kapryl, dekyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, klormetyl, allyl, fenyl, klorfenyl, diklorfenyl, nitrofenyl, metoksyfenyl, bromfenyl, dibrom-fenyl, cyanfenyl, cinnamyl, benzy], cyklohek-syl, klorcykloheksyl, «-naftyl og /3-naftyl. — Disse kan dessuten eventuelt være substituert som ovenfor angitt. Esterne skal ikke gi lett oksyderbare hydrolyseprodukter som f.eks. flerverdige fenoler. Particularly preferred meanings of R are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, capryl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, chloromethyl, allyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, bromophenyl, dibromo -phenyl, cyanophenyl, cinnamyl, benzyl], cyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, β-naphthyl and β-naphthyl. - These may also possibly be substituted as indicated above. The esters should not give easily oxidizable hydrolysis products such as e.g. polyvalent phenols.
Eksempler på særlig foretrukne estere innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme, dvs. slike som gir en titer av minst 1,0 ml 0,1 N natriumtiosulfat i det ovenfor angitte forsøk, er følg-ende: Natrium-p-sulfofenyletylkarbonat Natrium-p-sulfofenylmetylkarbonat Natrium-p-sulfofenylfenylkarbonat Dietylpyrokarbonat p-karboksyfenyletylkarbonat p-karboksyfenylmetylkarbonat p-karboksyfenyl-fenylkarbonat o-karboksyfenyl-etylkarbonat o-karboksyfenyl-metylkarbonat p-karboksyfenyl-n-propylkarbonat p-karboksyfenyl-n-butylkarbonat benzyl-p-karboksyfenylkarbonat natrium-p-sulfofenyl-n-propylkarbonat natrium-p-sulfofenyl-n-butylkarbonat natrium-p-sulfofenyl-benzylkarbonat p-karboksyfenyl-cykloheksylkarbonat Hydrogenperoksyd kan naturligvis ikke innføres i et fast preparat og blekeoppløs-ninger fremstilt fra hydrogenperoksyd skal fremstilles efter som det kreves for anvendelse. Hydrogenperoksyd kan settes til oppløs-ningen som sådan eller det kan frigjøres in situ fra et persalt. Examples of particularly preferred esters within the scope of the invention, i.e. those which give a titre of at least 1.0 ml of 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate in the above-mentioned experiment, are as follows: Sodium p-sulphophenylethyl carbonate Sodium p-sulphophenylmethylcarbonate Sodium p-Sulfophenylphenylcarbonate Diethyl pyrocarbonate p-Carboxyphenylethylcarbonate p-Carboxyphenylmethylcarbonate p-Carboxyphenyl-phenylcarbonate o-Carboxyphenyl-ethylcarbonate o-Carboxyphenyl-methylcarbonate p-Carboxyphenyl-n-propylcarbonate p-Carboxyphenyl-n-butylcarbonate Benzyl-p-carboxyphenylcarbonate Sodium-p-sulfophenyl- n-propyl carbonate sodium-p-sulfophenyl-n-butylcarbonate sodium-p-sulfophenyl-benzylcarbonate p-carboxyphenyl-cyclohexylcarbonate Naturally, hydrogen peroxide cannot be introduced into a solid preparation and bleaching solutions made from hydrogen peroxide must be prepared as required for use. Hydrogen peroxide can be added to the solution as such or it can be released in situ from a persalt.
Ved uttrykket «uorganisk persalt» for- The expression "inorganic persalt" means
ståes et salt som vil kunne danne hydrogenperoksyd i vandige oppløsninger. Egnete forbindelser er alkalimetallperborater, perkarbo-nater, perpyrofosfater og persilikater. Disse antas ikke å være virkelige persalter i den strengt kjemiske forstand, men inneholder hydrogenperoksyd bundet til krystallene og som frigjøres i vandig oppløsning. a salt which will be able to form hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions. Suitable compounds are alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perpyrophosphates and persilicates. These are not believed to be true persalts in the strictly chemical sense, but contain hydrogen peroxide bound to the crystals and released in aqueous solution.
Preparatet kan anvendes i forbindelse med blekebad av den art som anvendes for behand-ling av tekstilmaterialer og i forbindelse med vaskevæsker av den art som anvendes i vaskerier og i forbindelse med faste blekepreparater. Faste blekepreparater kan foruten et persalt og en ester i henhold til oppfinnelsen inneholde inerte salter, alkaliske midler og en liten mengde av et rensemiddel. Preparatet kan videre anvendes i forbindelse med rensemiddelpreparater, som inneholder et organisk rensemiddel, som kan være såpe eller et organisk såpefritt rensemiddel. Egnete organiske såpe-frie rensemidler er alkylarylsulfonater, alkyl-sulfater og saltene av estere eller etere av isetionsyre. Preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen skal fortrinnsvis inneholde en eller flere alkaliske stoffer i slike mengder at lig-nende preparater som ikke inneholder estere, vil gi en pH-verdi innenfor området 9-11 når de oppløses til den ønskede blekekonsentra-sjon. De mest vanlige rensemiddelpreparater inneholder alkaliske materialer, som er til-strekkelig for dette formål. Passende alkaliske materialer er f.eks. såpe, alkali-metall-karbo-nater, fosfater (innbefattet ortofosfater og vannoppløselige kondenserte fosfater, som f.eks. tripolyfosfater og pyrofosfater) og sili-kater. The preparation can be used in connection with bleaching baths of the type used for treating textile materials and in connection with washing liquids of the type used in laundries and in connection with solid bleaching preparations. Solid bleaching preparations can, in addition to a persalt and an ester according to the invention, contain inert salts, alkaline agents and a small amount of a cleaning agent. The preparation can also be used in connection with cleaning agent preparations, which contain an organic cleaning agent, which can be soap or an organic soap-free cleaning agent. Suitable organic soap-free cleaning agents are alkyl aryl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and the salts of esters or ethers of isethionic acid. The preparations according to the invention should preferably contain one or more alkaline substances in such quantities that similar preparations which do not contain esters will give a pH value in the range 9-11 when they are dissolved to the desired bleaching concentration. The most common cleaning agent preparations contain alkaline materials, which are sufficient for this purpose. Suitable alkaline materials are e.g. soap, alkali metal carbonates, phosphates (including orthophosphates and water-soluble condensed phosphates, such as tripolyphosphates and pyrophosphates) and silicates.
Når preparatet anvendes i forbindelse med andre bleke- eller vaskevæsker, bør det i bleke-eller vaskevæskene før tilsetningen av esteren fortrinnvis være tilstede alkali i en mengde til å gi en utgangs-pH av 9-11. When the preparation is used in conjunction with other bleaching or washing liquids, alkali should preferably be present in the bleaching or washing liquids before the addition of the ester in an amount to give an initial pH of 9-11.
Preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan inneholde hvilke som helst av de vanlige hjel-pemidler som er til stede i bleke- og rensemiddelpreparater. Det' skal nevnes supplemen-terende byggere, inerte og organiske materialer som f.eks. metallsulfater, klorider, karboksymetylcellulose og fluorescerende midler. The preparations according to the invention can contain any of the usual auxiliaries that are present in bleaching and cleaning agent preparations. Mention should be made of supplementary builders, inert and organic materials such as e.g. metal sulphates, chlorides, carboxymethyl cellulose and fluorescent agents.
Preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen må ikke inneholde vann i en mengde som er til-strekkelig til å muliggjøre en merkbar kjemisk reaksjon mellom komponentene før bruken. The preparations according to the invention must not contain water in an amount sufficient to enable a noticeable chemical reaction between the components before use.
Den mengde av persaltet og esteren som kan være til stede i preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen, vil bero på tiden og temperatu-ren for blekingen, blekingsgraden som kreves, konsentrasjonen av blekeoppløsningen og den spesielle ester og persaltet som anvendes. Under de fleste forhold skal disse mengder være slik at det fåes en persaltkonsentrasjon i opp-løsningen svarende til 0,001 til 0,1'% tilgjengelig oksygen. The amount of the persalt and the ester which may be present in the preparations according to the invention will depend on the time and temperature of the bleaching, the degree of bleaching required, the concentration of the bleaching solution and the particular ester and the persalt used. Under most conditions, these amounts should be such that a persalt concentration in the solution corresponding to 0.001 to 0.1% available oxygen is obtained.
Idet man tar hensyn til disse faktorer, kan det oppnåes blekeeffekter med preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen som inneholder vidt varierende forhold mellom persaltet og esteren. Det er hensiktsmessig å måle aktivi-teten av persaltet uttrykt som tilgjengelig oksygen. Generelt foretrekkes det forhold av fra % til 2 og særlig fra y2 til iy2 molekyl av esteren pr. 1 atom av tilgjengelig oksygen. Taking these factors into account, bleaching effects can be achieved with the preparations according to the invention which contain widely varying ratios between the persalt and the ester. It is appropriate to measure the activity of the persalt expressed as available oxygen. In general, a ratio of from % to 2 and especially from y2 to iy2 molecules of the ester per 1 atom of available oxygen.
(Ved omregningen av slike forhold til vektforhold må man ta i betraktning molekylvekten av esteren og det tilgjengelige oksygeninnhold i det anvendte persalt.) Særlig er det å fore-trekke å bruke omtrentlig kjemisk ekvivalente mengder av ester og persalt. (When converting such ratios to weight ratios, the molecular weight of the ester and the available oxygen content of the persalt used must be taken into account.) In particular, it is preferable to use approximately chemically equivalent amounts of ester and persalt.
Når det anvendes oppløsninger som fåes ved å sette hydrogenperoksyd og en ester i henhold til oppfinnelsen til et alkalisk bad, er det foretrukkede vektforhold fra 2 til 15 deler ester til 1 del av hydrogenperoksyd (100%) alt efter molekylvekten av den anvendte ester. When solutions obtained by adding hydrogen peroxide and an ester according to the invention to an alkaline bath are used, the preferred weight ratio is from 2 to 15 parts of ester to 1 part of hydrogen peroxide (100%) depending on the molecular weight of the ester used.
Når preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen skal anvendes primært som et blekemiddel, f.eks. til tilsetning til alkaliske tekstilblekebad eller vaskevæsker, kan slike preparater inneholde en hvilken som helst mengde av ester og persalt, idet disse komponenter fortrinnsvis er tilstede i forholdet %. til 2 molekyler av esteren pr. 1 atom av tilgjengelig oksygen, fortrinnsvis y2 til iy2 molekyl pr. 1 atom av tilgjengelig oksygen. When the preparations according to the invention are to be used primarily as a bleaching agent, e.g. for addition to alkaline textile bleaching baths or washing liquids, such preparations may contain any amount of ester and persalt, these components being preferably present in the ratio %. to 2 molecules of the ester per 1 atom of available oxygen, preferably y2 to iy2 molecule per 1 atom of available oxygen.
Når et organisk rensemiddel er tilstede i preparatene i henhold til oppfinnelsen, kan det oppnåes en forbedring av blekingen ved normale vaskekonsentrasjoner. Hvis det således f.eks. anvendes et rensemiddelpreparat i henhold til oppfinnelsen ved en konsentrasjon av 1 ■■% i vandig oppløsning, kan det oppnåes for-bedringer hvis det er tilstede mengder så små som 1 vektprosent av persaltet og 2 vektprosent av esteren i preparatet. I slike preparater skal mengden av persalt tilveiebringes i det minste 0,1 % tilgjengelig oksygen basert på preparatet. Generelt vil rensemiddelpreparater inneholde fra ca. 10 til ca. 50 vektprosent av et organisk bindemiddel. Det blandede ester/ persaltinnhold kan være så høyt som 70 vektprosent forutsatt at disse forbindelser brukes i forholdet y± til 2, fortrinnsvis <y>2 til i<y>2 molekyler av esteren pr. 1 atom tilgjengelig oksygen. Effektive mengder av esteren og persaltet i rensemiddelpreparatene vil generelt ligge innenfor området 2 til 30 vektprosent av esteren og 1 til 15 vektprosent av persaltet i preparatet . When an organic cleaning agent is present in the preparations according to the invention, an improvement in bleaching can be achieved at normal washing concentrations. If it is thus e.g. if a cleaning agent preparation according to the invention is used at a concentration of 1% in aqueous solution, improvements can be achieved if amounts as small as 1% by weight of the persalt and 2% by weight of the ester are present in the preparation. In such preparations, the amount of persalt must provide at least 0.1% available oxygen based on the preparation. In general, cleaning agent preparations will contain from approx. 10 to approx. 50 percent by weight of an organic binder. The mixed ester/persalt content can be as high as 70 percent by weight provided that these compounds are used in the ratio y± to 2, preferably <y>2 to i<y>2 molecules of the ester per 1 atom available oxygen. Effective amounts of the ester and the persalt in the cleaning agent preparations will generally lie within the range of 2 to 30 percent by weight of the ester and 1 to 15 percent by weight of the persalt in the preparation.
De beste resultater ved bleking i henhold til oppfinnelsen oppnåes under forhold hvor det foreligger en effektiv omrøring, f.eks. i en vaskemaskin. The best results in bleaching according to the invention are achieved under conditions where there is effective stirring, e.g. in a washing machine.
Det følgende eksempel skal tjene til å klargjøre oppfinnelsen. The following example shall serve to clarify the invention.
Eksempel. Example.
Det ble fremstilt blekeoppløsninger som Bleaching solutions were produced which
inneholdt: contained:
0,054 % natrium-dodekylbenzensulfonat 0,018 % kokosnøtt-monoetanolamid 0,115'% natrium-tripolyfosfat 0,045 % natriumsulfat 0,029 % vannfritt alkalisk natriumsilikat 0,004 % natrium-karboksymetylcellulose 0,032 '% natrium-perborat-tetrahydrat og en ester i en konsentrasjon som anført i den nedenfor følgende tabell. Karboksylsyrene ble omdannet til deres natriumsalter umiddelbart før bruken. 0.054% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 0.018% coconut monoethanolamide 0.115% sodium tripolyphosphate 0.045% sodium sulfate 0.029% anhydrous alkaline sodium silicate 0.004% sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.032% sodium perborate tetrahydrate and an ester in a concentration as listed in the table below. The carboxylic acids were converted to their sodium salts immediately before use.
Et stykke bomullsklæde ble flekket ved neddypping i kokende teekstrakt i 1 time. Det ble derpå omhyggelig skyllet, tørket og skåret til stykker hvis prosentrefleksjon ble målt i et Hunter reflektometer under anvendelse av blåfilteret. Prosentrefleksjon ved prøvestyk-kene ble målt påny efter blekning. Blekningen som ble oppnådd, ble uttrykt som forskjellen mellom de to prosentavlesinger på hvert prøve-stykke. A piece of cotton cloth was stained by immersion in boiling tea extract for 1 hour. It was then carefully rinsed, dried and cut into pieces whose percentage reflectance was measured in a Hunter reflectometer using the blue filter. Percentage reflection at the test pieces was measured again after bleaching. The bleaching obtained was expressed as the difference between the two percentage readings on each sample piece.
Et stykke av det flekkede bomullsklæde ble neddykket i hver av de friskt fremstilte blekeoppløsninger ved 60 °C i 10 minutter under omrøring. Klædestykkene ble derpå fjernet fra oppløsningene, skyllet tre ganger i destillert vann, strøket og refleksjonen ble målt. Resultatene er oppført i den følgende tabell: A piece of the stained cotton cloth was immersed in each of the freshly prepared bleach solutions at 60°C for 10 minutes with agitation. The garments were then removed from the solutions, rinsed three times in distilled water, ironed and the reflectance measured. The results are listed in the following table:
Esterne kan fremstilles ved å la et alkylklorformiat og en fenol reagere med hverandre. The esters can be prepared by allowing an alkyl chloroformate and a phenol to react with each other.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| SE7703172A SE403414B (en) | 1977-03-21 | 1977-03-21 | RESONATOR EQUIPPED WITH DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE RESONANCE FREQUENCY AND DEVICE FOR CREATING DIELECTRIC HEATING IN THIN FOILS |
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| NO781000L NO781000L (en) | 1978-09-22 |
| NO148578B true NO148578B (en) | 1983-07-25 |
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| AT (1) | AT378448B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU515562B2 (en) |
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| FR (1) | FR2385231A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1597873A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2934673A1 (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1981-03-12 | Brdr. Schur International A/S, Horsens | BAG PACK FOR AROMATIZED FILLING GOODS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE PACK. |
| DE3834984A1 (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1990-04-19 | Leybold Ag | DEVICE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICALLY CHARGED AND / OR UNCHARGED PARTICLES |
| DE102014003868A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | Kiefel Gmbh | High-frequency oscillator, high-frequency welding system and method for frequency control with such a high-frequency oscillator |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH489145A (en) * | 1968-03-25 | 1970-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Electrical circuit arrangement with controllable components |
| US3653054A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1972-03-28 | Rca Corp | Symmetrical trough waveguide antenna array |
| US3646486A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1972-02-29 | Rca Corp | Gyromagnetic isolator wherein even mode components are converted to odd mode components by biased ferrite |
-
1977
- 1977-03-21 SE SE7703172A patent/SE403414B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-03-14 NL NL7802774A patent/NL7802774A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-03-15 GB GB10313/78A patent/GB1597873A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-16 AT AT0186878A patent/AT378448B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-16 DE DE2811319A patent/DE2811319C3/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-16 IT IT21290/78A patent/IT1093368B/en active
- 1978-03-17 AU AU34251/78A patent/AU515562B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-20 ES ES468059A patent/ES468059A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-20 BR BR7801708A patent/BR7801708A/en unknown
- 1978-03-20 CH CH302978A patent/CH625086A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-20 DK DK123978A patent/DK149245C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-20 NO NO781000A patent/NO148578C/en unknown
- 1978-03-20 FI FI780865A patent/FI780865A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-03-20 JP JP3227478A patent/JPS53116758A/en active Granted
- 1978-03-20 FR FR7807939A patent/FR2385231A1/en active Granted
- 1978-03-21 BE BE186154A patent/BE865157A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-18 ES ES469981A patent/ES469981A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7821290A0 (en) | 1978-03-16 |
| CH625086A5 (en) | 1981-08-31 |
| AU515562B2 (en) | 1981-04-09 |
| FR2385231B1 (en) | 1983-06-10 |
| ES469981A1 (en) | 1979-04-01 |
| DE2811319B2 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| SE403414B (en) | 1978-08-14 |
| NO148578C (en) | 1983-11-02 |
| DK123978A (en) | 1978-09-22 |
| IT1093368B (en) | 1985-07-19 |
| ES468059A1 (en) | 1978-12-01 |
| GB1597873A (en) | 1981-09-16 |
| FI780865A (en) | 1978-09-22 |
| DK149245B (en) | 1986-04-01 |
| ATA186878A (en) | 1984-12-15 |
| NL7802774A (en) | 1978-09-25 |
| AU3425178A (en) | 1979-09-20 |
| FR2385231A1 (en) | 1978-10-20 |
| JPS53116758A (en) | 1978-10-12 |
| AT378448B (en) | 1985-08-12 |
| DK149245C (en) | 1986-11-03 |
| JPS6131599B2 (en) | 1986-07-21 |
| DE2811319C3 (en) | 1980-12-18 |
| NO781000L (en) | 1978-09-22 |
| BR7801708A (en) | 1979-01-02 |
| BE865157A (en) | 1978-07-17 |
| DE2811319A1 (en) | 1978-10-12 |
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