NO140677B - Hydraulisk vaeskeblanding, spesielt for anvendelse i luftfartoeyer - Google Patents

Hydraulisk vaeskeblanding, spesielt for anvendelse i luftfartoeyer Download PDF

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Publication number
NO140677B
NO140677B NO750422A NO750422A NO140677B NO 140677 B NO140677 B NO 140677B NO 750422 A NO750422 A NO 750422A NO 750422 A NO750422 A NO 750422A NO 140677 B NO140677 B NO 140677B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
acid
weight
phosphates
phenyl
alkyl
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NO750422A
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English (en)
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NO750422L (no
NO140677C (no
Inventor
William Frederick Gentit
Theodore Alan Marolewski
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Stauffer Chemical Co
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Publication of NO750422L publication Critical patent/NO750422L/no
Publication of NO140677B publication Critical patent/NO140677B/no
Publication of NO140677C publication Critical patent/NO140677C/no

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Description

Det er kjent en rekke væsker som er tenkt brukt for overføring av kraft i forskjellige hydrauliske systemer inklusive noen væsker som er tenkt brukt i de hydrauliske systemer i luftfar-tøyer. De hydrauliske kraftsystemer i luftfartøyer og visse industri-elle systemer for drift av forskjellige mekanismer stiller strenge krav til den hydrauliske væske som anvendes. Ikke bare må den hydrauliske væske tilfredsstille strenge funksjonelle og anvendelses-krav, men i tillegg må en slik væske være tilstrekkelig ubrennbar til å tilfredsstille krav om brannresistens. I visse tilfeller må denne væskes viskositetskarakteristika være slik at den kan anvendes over et vidt temperaturområde, det vil si at den må ha adekvat viskositet ved høye temperaturer, lav viskositet ved lave temperaturer, og dens viskositet må forandre seg lite med temperaturen.
Dens hellepunkt må være lavt. Dens flyktighet må være lav ved for-høyede brukstemperaturer, det vil si at selektiv fordampning eller flyktiggjørelse av enhver viktig komponent må ikke finne sted ved høye brukstemperaturer. Den må være i besittelse av tilstrekkelig smøreevne og mekanisk stabilitet til at den kan brukes i hydrauliske systemer i luftfartøyer, hvor det settes særlig strenge krav til den anvendte væske. Den må være kjemisk stabil slik at den motstår slike kjemiske reaksjoner som oksydasjon, varmenedbrytning osv.,
slik at den vil holde seg stabil under bruksbetingelser mot tap av ønskede karakteristika som skyldes store og plutselige forandringer med hensyn til trykk, temperatur, høye strekkstyrker og kontakt med forskjellige metaller som for eksempel kan være aluminium, bronse, visse stållegeringer, kadmium, magnesium og liknende. Den må heller ikke skade eller svelle tetningsringer og pakninger i det industri-elle eller luftfartøyhydrauliske system. Den må ikke ha ugunstig innflytelse på materialene som systemet er konstruert av, og hvis det blir en lekkasje, må den ikke ha ugunstig innvirkning på de forskjellige deler av hydrauliske system som den tilfeldigvis kommer i
kontakt med.
Det er foreslått forskjellige hydrauliske væskeblandinger. Disse kan som funksjonelle væsker, også kalt basisråstoffmaterialer, f.eks. inneholde estere og amider av en fosforsyre, mineralolje og syntetiske hydrokarbonoljer, monoestere, dikarboksylsyreestere og estere av flerverdige forbindelser.
Fosfatestere som er blitt tilsatt egnede'"hellepunkts-nedsettende midler, viskositetsindeksforbedrende midler, rust-inhibitorer, korrosjonsinhibitorer osv., er blant de beste som hittil er foreslått, og disse er i utstrakt grad blitt brukt som hydrauliske væsker i luftfartøyer.
Disse væsker kan imidlertid oppvise uønsket syreopp-
bygning under bruk. Hvis denne syreoppbygning blir for sterk,
vil basisråstoffmaterialene bli brutt ned og tape sine fysikalske egenskaper med hensyn til viskositet og liknende. Syren kan også angripe metalldelene i det hydrauliske system som eksponeres for væskene. I den hensikt å bekjempe dette syreangrep tilsettes korrosjonsinhibitorer til de funksjonelle væskeblandinger.
Det er oppdaget at det kan tilveiebringes forbedret syrestabilitet i et funksjonelt væskemateriale når det i væsken er til stede en bestemt additiv-kombinasjon som omfatter et epoksycykloalkylkarboksylat.
Oppfinnelsen tilveiebringer følgelig en hydraulisk væskeblanding hvis karakteristiske trekk er at additiv-kombinasjonen foruten epoksycykloalkylkarboksylat inneholder fenyl-ct-naftylamin, og vektforholdet mellom disse er i området 1:10 til 10:1.
Tilsetning av additiv-kombinasjonen gir uventede synergi-stiske resultater med hensyn til forbedret syrestabilitet og visko-sitetsstabilitet hos den funksjonelle væske, uten å oppvise noen skadelige karakteristika så som oppbygning av slam, metallkorrosjon o. 1.
De epoksycykloalkylkarboksylat-forbindelser som inngår i produktet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er eksemplifisert ved følgende
strukturformel:
R er et alkylradikal med 1-12 karbonatomer, R2 er , hydrogen eller et alkylradikal med 1-9 karbonatomer, og n og m er 3-8.
Foretrukne epoksyforbindelser er 3,4-epoksycykloalkyl-karboksylatene. Representative for denne klasse er 3,4-epoksy-cykloheksylmetyl, 3,4-epoksycykloheksankarboksylat som er spesielt foretrukket og har følgende formel:
De fenylnaftylaminer som anvendes, kan være illustrert ved følgende formel:
hvor R', R<11> og R'<*>' kan være like eller forskjellige og er medlemmer av gruppen som består av hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, ;alkaryl og aralkyl med 1-16 karbonatomer. ;Spesielt foretrukne medlemmer av denne gruppe er fenyl-a-naftylamin, oktylert fenyl-a-naftylamin (fenyl-a-naftylamin alkylert med diisobutylen i et 1:1 - 3:1 molforhold), dioktyl-fenyl-a-naftylamin, trioktylfenyl-a-naftylamin o.l. ;Konsentrasjonen av cykloalkylepoksyd og fenylnaftylamin ;i den funksjonelle væske justeres alt etter det spesielle system og de funksjonelle væskeblandinger som i henhold til oppfinnelsen inneholder tilstrekkelige mengder av cykloalkylepoksyd og fenylnaftylamin til å inhibere syreoppbygning. Det har således vist seg at konsentrasjonen av cykloalkylepoksyd og fenylnaftylamin som er nødvendig for å inhibere og regulere syreoppbygningen i et basisråstoffmateriale, varierer med basisråstoffmaterialet eller ;blandinger av basisråstoffmaterialer. Siden epoksyforbindelsen og fenyl-a-naftylaminet innarbeides i væsken i mengder som er tilstrekkelige til å inhibere syreoppbygning, og etter som væskeegen-skapene kan endres ved innarbeidelse av et fremmed element, har det generelt vist seg at et foretrukket totalt nivå med hensyn til additiv-kombinasjonen er fra 0,10 til 5,0 vekt% regnet på hele væsken, mens 10,0 vekt% additivkonsentrasjon er satt som øvre grense. Vektforholdet mellom epoksyforbindelse og fenyl-a-naftylamin kan variere fra 1:10 til 10:1, og mest foretrukket er 1:1. ;Den hydrauliske væskeblanding i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan bygges opp på enhver måte som er kjent for fagmannen på området for innarbeidelse av et additiv i et basisråstoffmateriale. Således kan epoksyforbindelsen og fenyl-a-naftylaminet tilsettes i hvilken som helst rekkefølge, eller samlet, til basisråstoffmaterialet under omrøring til det oppnås en homogen væskeblanding. ;Basisråstoffmaterialer som er egnet for anvendelse i hydrauliske væskeblandinger i henhold til oppfinnelsen, kan være estere og amider av en fosforsyre som kan være representert ved strukturformelen: hvor Y er utvalgt fra gruppen som består av oksygen, svovel og ;Y, er utvalgt fra gruppen som består av oksygen, svovel og og Y2 er utvalgt fra gruppen som består av oksygen, svovel og ;R, R^, <R>2, <R>3, R^ og R,, er hver utvalgt fra gruppen som består av alkyl, aryl, substituert aryl og substituert alkyl med 1-30 karbonatomer, hvor R, R1} R2, R3, R4 og R5 hver kan være identiske eller forskjellige med hensyn til hvilken som helst av de andre radikaler, og a, b og c er hele tall med verdien 0 eller 1 og summen av a+b+c er fra 1 til 3. ;Typiske eksempler på substituerte alkylradikaler ;er halogenalkylradikalene som kan være representert ved struktur- ;formelen: ;;hvor Hal betyr halogen, m er mindre eller lik 2n+^ og n kan ha hvilken som helst verdi fra 0 til 18, og R& og R? kan være hydrogen, halogen eller alkyl. De halogenerte alkylradikaler kan være primære, sekundære eller tertiære. ;Typiske eksempler på aryl- og substituerte aryl-radikaler er fenyl, kresyl, xylyl, halogenert fenyl, kresyl og xylyl hvor det tilgjengelige hydrogen på aryl eller substituert aryl er delvis eller helt erstattet med halogen, o-, m- og p-trifluormetyl-fenyl, 0-, m- og p-2,2,2-trifluoretylfenyl, 0-, m- og p-3,3,3-tri-fluorpropylfenyl og o-, m- og p-4,4,4-trifluorbutylfenyl. ;Dikarboksylsyreestere som er egnet som basisrå-stof fmaterialer , er representert ved strukturformelen: ;hvor <R>2Q og R22 hver er utvalgt fra gruppen som består av alkyl, substituert alkyl, aryl og substituert aryl og R2^ er et toverdig radikal som er utvalgt fra gruppen som består av alkylen og substituert alkylen og er fremstilt ved forestring av dikarboksylsyrer som adipinsyre, azelainsyre, suberinsyre, sebacinsyre, hydroksyrav-syre, fumarsyre, maleinsyre, etc, med slike alkoholer som butyl-alkohol, heksylalkohol, 2-etylheksylalkohol, dodecylalkohol, 2,2-dimetylheptanol, 1-metylcykloheksylmetanol, etc. ;Typiske eksempler på alkyl, aryl, substituert alkyl og substituert aryl er gitt ovenfor. ;Polyestere som er egnet som basisråstoffmaterialer, er representert ved strukturformelen: ;hvor R-, er utvalgt fra gruppen som består av hydrogen og alkyl, ;<R>24 og R25 er hver utvalgt fra gruppen som består av alkyl, ;substituert alkyl, aryl og substituert aryl, a er et helt tall med verdi 0 eller 1, Z er et helt tall med verdi 1 eller 2, og når Z er 1, er R2^ utvalgt fra gruppen som består av hydrogen, ;alkyl, acyloksy og substituert acyloksy, og når Z er 2* er R26
oksygen og fremstilt ved forestring av slike polyalkoholer som pentaerytritol, dipentaerytritol, trimetylolpropan, trimetyloletan og neopentylglykol med slike syrer som propion-, smør-, isosmør-, n-valerian-, kapron-, n-heptyl-, kapryl-, 2-etylheksan, 2,2-di-metylheptan- og p elargonsyre. Typiske eksempler på alkyl, substituert alkyl, aryl og substituert aryl er gitt ovenfor.
Andre estere som også er egnet som basisråstoffmaterialer, er monoesterne.
Hydrokarbonoljer inklusive mineraloljer som stammer
fra petroleumkilder, og syntetiske hydrokarbonoljer er egnede basis-råstof fmaterialer . De fysikalske karakteristika for funksjonelle væsker som stammer fra en mineralolje, er utvalgt på basis av kravene til væskesystemene, og derfor innbefatter denne oppfinnelse som basisråstoffmaterialer mineraloljer som har et vidt område av viskositeter og flyktigheter så som mineraloljer på naftenbasis, paraffinbasis eller blandet basis.
De syntetiske hydrokarbonoljer inkluderer, men er ikke begrenset til, slike oljer som stammer fra oligomerisering av olefiner så som polybutener og oljer som stammer fra høye a-olefiner med 8-20 karbonatomer ved syrekatalysert dimerisering og ved oligomerisering under anvendelse av trialuminiumalkylforbindelser som katalysatorer.
Også innbefattet innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme er blandinger av to eller flere av de ovenfor beskrevne basisråstoffmaterialer som kan anvendes som basisråstoffmaterialer.
De hydrauliske væskeblandinger i henhold til
oppfinnelsen kan også inneholde farvestoffer, hellepunktnedsettende midler, skumhindrende midler, viskositetsindeksforbedrende midler, for eksempel polyalkylakrylater, polyalkyl-metakrylater, polycykliske polymerer, polyuretaner, polyalkylen-
oksyder og polyestere, smøremidler, vann o.l.
Også inkludert innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme er det
at basisråstoffmaterialene som er omtalt ovenfor, kan anvendes enkelt-vis eller som en væskeblanding som inneholder to eller flere basis-råstof fmaterialer i varierende mengdeforhdd. Basisråstoffmaterialene kan også inneholde andre væsker som, i tillegg til de funksjonelle væsker, inkluderer ønskede væsker som stammer fra kullprodukter, syntetiske produkter og syntetiske oljer, for eksempel alkylen-polymerer ( for eksempel polymerer av propylen, butylen, etc, og blandinger derav), polymerer av alkylenoksydtype (for eksempel propylenoksydpolymerer), samt derivater, inklusive alkylenoksyd-polymerer som er fremstilt ved polymerisering av alkylenoksyd i nærvær av vann eller alkohol, for eksempel etylalkohol, alkyl-
benzener, (for eksempel monoalkylbenzen slik som dodecylbenzen, tetradecylbenzen etc.) og dialkylbenzen (for eksempel n-nonyl-2-etylheksylbenzen); og polyfenoler (for eksempel bifenyl- og terfenylforbindelser) .
I den foretrukne form av oppfinnelsen vil cykloalkyl-epoksydet og fenylnaftylaminet være kombinert med et fosfat-
holdig basisråstoffmateriale. Basisråstoffmaterialet vil primært bestå av trialkylfosfater som er til stede i mengder fra 50 til 95 vekti og fortrinnsvis fra 60 til 90 vekti. Trialkylfos-
fåtene som gir optimale resultater, er slike hvor hver av alkylgruppene inneholder fra 1 til 20 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis fra 3
til 12 karbonatomer og mer fortrinnsvis fra 4 til 9 karbonatomer. Alkylgruppene er fortrinnsvis av rettkjedet konfigurasjon. Et enkelt
trialkylfosfat kan inneholde alkylgrupper i alle tre stillinger eller kan ha en blanding av forskjellige alkylgrupper. Blandinger av forskjellige trialkylfosfater kan anvendes. Egnede typer av trialkylfosfater som kan anvendes som basisråstoffmateriale-blanding, inkluderer tripropylfosfater, tributylfosfater, triheksyl-fosfater, trioktylfosfater, dipropyloktylfosfater, dibutyloktyl-fosfater, dipropylheksylfosfate , diheksyloktylfosfate, diheksyl-propylfosfat og propylbutyloktylfosfat.
Trialkylfosfåtene kan være kombinert med triarylfosfater. Foretrukne triarylfosfater er kresyldifenylfosfat, trikrecylfosfat, trixylenylfosfat, tert.butylfenylfenylfosfater, etylfenyldikresylfosfat eller isopropylfenyldifenylfosfat, fenyl-bis(4-a-metylbenzylfenyl)fosfat. Det foretrekkes ved utførelse av oppfinnelsen å anvende et basisråstoffmateriale som primært inneholder trixylenylfosfat. Triarylfosfåtene funksjonerer som fortykningsmiddel for trialkylfosfåtene. Således kan mengden av triarylfosfat variere mellom ca. 0 og ca. 35 vekti. Det foretrukne område av triarylfosfåtene vil være fra ca. 5 til ca. 30 vekti av blandingen.
Konvensjonelle polymere fortykningsmidler eller viskositetsindeksforbedrende midler kan blandes med blandingen av trialkyl- og triarylfosfatmateriale for oppnåelse av den ønskede viskositet. Typiske fortykningsmidler som anvendes, kan være polyakrylater, polymetakrylater, polyetylenoksyder, polypropylen-oksyder, polyestere og liknende.
Fortrinnsvis anvendes en polyester som er basert på azelainsyre og en diol i området 0,3 til 20 vekti som viskositets-indeksf orbedrende middel.
Korrosjonsinhibitorer, for eksempel benzotriazol, kinizarin eller liknende i en mengde som varierer mellom 0,001 og 0,5 vekti, kan tilsettes til blandingen og blandes grundig med denne. Et farvestoff i et konsentrasjonsområde mellom 5 og 20 ppm kan tilsettes til blandingen og blandes med denne på en konvensjonell måte. Effektive mengder av et silikon-skumhindrende middel kan også inn-blandes i blandingen, og dette er vanligvis mest effektivt i en mengde som varierer mellom 5 og 50 ppm. De funksjonelle væsker i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan inneholde opp til ca. 1 vekti vann.
Det foretrekkes imidlertid å opprettholde vann-nivåer under 0,6 vekti og mest fortrinnsvis under 0,3 vekti.
Det har vist seg at når epoksycyklo-alkylkarboksylatet og fenyl-a-naftylaminet blandes i de riktige mengdeforhold med det ovenfor angitte foretrukne basisråstoffmateriale, får man hydrauliske væskeblandinger hvis egenskaper er de kjente kommersielle væsker overlegne.
Oppfinnelsen kan bedre forstås ved hjelp av det følgende eksempel. Alle deler og prosenter angir vekt, med mindre annet er angitt.
Eksempel.
Det ble fremstilt prøver av basisråstoffmateriale, be-stående av tilnærmet 68% tributylfosfat, 19% blandede aryl-fosfater med en viskositet på ca. 150 SUS, 12% av et polybutyl-metakrylat-viskositetsindeksforbedrende middel, 0,5% vann, 0,02% benzotriazolmetalldeaktivator og en alkylravsyre-rust-inhibitor som var tilsatt 1 vekt% 3,4-epoksycykloheksylmetyl-3,4-epoksycykloheksankarboksylat og 1 vekt% av følgende anti-oksydasjonsmidler:
Disse tester viser at fenyl-a-naftylamin stabiliserer produktet i størst utstrekning i nærvær av det cykloalkylepoksyd som er omtalt ovenfor.
I en rekke liknende oksydasjonstester som ble utført
på en blanding som besto av ca. 79 vekt% tributylfosfat, 10 vekt% blandede kresyl- og xylenylfosfater, 9 vekt% av et poly-esterfortykningsmiddel, "Plastolein" 9789 fra Emery Industries,
1 vekt% fenyl-a-naftylamin og 0,0 2 vekt% benzotriazol, samt ca. 0,25 vekt% vann, ble følgende resultater oppnådd med forskjellige epoksysyreakseptorer i en 1,0 vekt% konsentrasjon:
Disse resultater viser i tilknytning til resultatene ved begynnelsen av eksemplet at fenyl-a-naftylamin og 3,4-epoksycykloheksylmetyl-3,4-epoksycykloheksankarboksylat danner en enestående synergistisk additivkombinasjon for stabilisering av fosfatestere.

Claims (1)

  1. Hydraulisk væskeblanding, spesielt for anvendelse i luftfartøyer, omfattende en blanding av et basisråstoffmateriale som i alt vesentlig består av en eller flere estere av en fosforsyre og 0,1-10 vekt%, regnet på hele blandingen, av en additivkombinasjon omfattende et epoksycykloalkylkarboksylat, karakteritser<t> ved at additivkombinasjonen også inneholder fenyl-a-naftylamin, idet vektforholdet mellom epoksycykloalkylkarboksylat og fenyl-a-naftylamin er fra 1:10 til 10:1.
NO750422A 1974-02-11 1975-02-10 Hydraulisk vaeskeblanding, spesielt for anvendelse i luftfartoeyer NO140677C (no)

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SE410006B (sv) 1979-09-17
DE2505116C2 (de) 1985-06-20
FR2260616B1 (no) 1982-04-23
SE7501452L (no) 1975-08-12
SU652900A3 (ru) 1979-03-15
DK144380C (da) 1982-08-02
US3941708A (en) 1976-03-02
IT1029650B (it) 1979-03-20
IN142709B (no) 1977-08-20
CH616957A5 (no) 1980-04-30
JPS50115181A (no) 1975-09-09
NL7501425A (nl) 1975-08-13
DE2505116A1 (de) 1975-08-14
ZA75841B (en) 1976-01-28
NO750422L (no) 1975-08-12
AU7759875A (en) 1976-07-29
NO140677C (no) 1979-10-17
GB1506197A (en) 1978-04-05
DK144380B (da) 1982-03-01
CA1048011A (en) 1979-02-06
IL46500A (en) 1977-06-30
DK39175A (no) 1975-10-06
BE825339A (nl) 1975-08-07
JPS6038440B2 (ja) 1985-08-31
IL46500A0 (en) 1975-04-25
FR2260616A1 (no) 1975-09-05

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