NO140333B - DEVICE FOR EXERCISING A SURFACE PRESSURE ON A LENGTH SECTION OF A CONTINUOUS COURSE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for exercise

of a surface pressure on a longitudinal section of a running web, in particular a press for the continuous production of under pressure and possibly hot shaped plate materials, where the web is guided between endless forming bands in the running direction of the web and extending over the width of the web, and where between the forming bands and above and below these plates, which are arranged in a support structure, are arranged in orbit-ending rollers which unroll in an endless sequence in the relative vertical longitudinal plane of the track and transfer the working pressure from the support structure to the forming bands.

U.S. patent document no. 2 142 932 shows a press device of the type for the production of plywood sheets. The form bands are formed by several flexible steel strips stretched across the track, which are supported against the support structure by means of rod-shaped rollers stretched across the support width, which are laterally guided in chains. The rolls have a relatively small diameter and are dense. adjacent, so that you don't get any noticeable waves in the steel strips. The rollers transfer heat from the heated support structure to the web arranged between the forming bands. A similar construction, with continuous molding bands, is shown in German patent document No. 923,172.

When using such a press to produce webs using particularly high pressures, e.g. laminated sheets of heat-curing plastics, then difficulties arise with the rolling movement.

At high pressures, the form bands must have a particularly small support capacity to avoid bulging of the form band between the individual support points or lines. A small support distance, however, requires a small roller diameter, and with the usual track widths of 2 to 2.5m, you will have to use very long and thin roller rods.

Despite the significantly reduced roll distance, between the individual rolls, there will necessarily be deflections of the belts which, with roll diameters of 10 to 20 mm and with the usual steel belt thicknesses of 1 to 1.5 mm, will have noticeable effects of several hundredths of a millimeter.

The small deflection at a certain place of the forming band will be canceled out during the extension of the forming band when this place comes under the next roll, but behind the roll the deflection will appear again. All deflections are therefore, in a sense, pushed through the press with the forming band.

This pushing through leads to, since one does not have a device with ideal elastic properties, that forces act on the rollers from the deformed deformed band. These forces act over the entire roll length and thus tend to cause the rolls to bend forward in the rolling plane in such a way that the rolls in the area between the side chains run slightly ahead of the chains in the direction of movement of the forming belt.

Such a roll will also occur if there is an uneven load on the form band across the web width. Material webs for which the invention has advantageously been developed, namely wood chipboards etc., are pressed together by a loose mass which is delivered onto the lower forming belt. Such a loose mass can never be completely uniform and will always contain zones that offer a greater resistance to compression to a certain height than the adjacent zones do. In the zones with the higher pressure, the forming bands between the rollers will have a greater deflection than in the adjacent areas. This greater deflection will naturally be transferred to the rollers and to overcome them, greater forces are required for the extension of the form boat. These forces act as pushing forces on the rollers and cause the rollers to be pulled along more strongly in the areas with higher pressure than in the adjacent areas. This effect causes a tendency for the long, thin rollers to bend forward in the rolling plane, i.e. the band plane.

The circumferential bending stress that arises at any turn of bent rolls means a significant load on the roll. It is particularly important that a bent roller has very unfavorable running characteristics, because the individual roller sections have an axis that is not exactly vertical to the running direction.

The rolling direction of these sections will be oblique relative to the longitudinal direction of the form strip and the longitudinal direction of the support structure. In the case of unhindered unrolling, this would lead to a sideways displacement of the roll relative to the form band and the support structure and at the same time a lateral displacement to each other.' However, these displacements are prevented by the aforementioned elements' guides in the machine, and this requires great forces. Form band and support structure are held firmly laterally relative to each other, and the rollers are held between them. The individual disks, of which one can imagine that the bent roller is made up, will therefore run obliquely relative to the track in certain areas, but can only move straight ahead. A clean roll will no longer be possible in such a situation. The transport of the form bands relative to the support structure can, on the contrary, only take place in such a way that the rollers are constantly displaced slightly relative to the respective contact surface, i.e. that a corresponding friction is obtained.

In addition, the roll circumference in one section in the track direction is different between the places where the rolls run correctly and the places where the roll axes are inclined, and that over a certain running distance these places on the roll will cover different angles, i.e. twist relative to each other. The more inclined the roller is in one place, the stronger the tendency is for it to rush ahead of the other areas. This effect thus provides an automatic reinforcement of an occurring deflection of the rollers. However, due to the roller's restoring force, an equilibrium will be established, where the torque provided as a result of the different turning angles for the individual locations on the roller will maintain the equilibrium with the frictional force acting on the circumference and prevent further twisting with sliding of the roller in certain areas in the circumferential direction relative to the contact surface. This also leads to significant friction for the rollers in case of insufficient alignment.

At the high line pressure that prevails, these roller faults play a significant and harmful role, as the constant frictional influence causes wear of rollers and belts. Repairing the pressure transfer area in a plant of the type in question here is very laborious, because both the forming band, rollers and in certain cases also the support surface must be replaced. This is about machines with a working width of 2 to 2.5 m and a length of 10 to 20 m., which in practice must therefore be partly renewed with the associated downtime. Naturally, this also has an impact on the front and rear arranged stations, as it must be remembered here that it is usually a continuous production line. A reduction of the above-mentioned wear factors is therefore of significant importance in practice.

Naturally, it follows from the aforementioned friction conditions that greater power is required to pull the form bands.

A belt that is supported on properly running rollers can be pulled forward much more easily than one that has to overcome additional forces due to obliquely running rollers.

Since the tensile forces required to drive the forming band through the pressure range are quite significant, especially at the high working pressures that are usually used, and the forming bands are possibly stressed up to close to the elastic limit,

is an improvement of the running characteristics of a machine of the type in question here of significant practical importance also from this point of view.

Nor can one disregard the requirements set with regard to the accuracy of the produced plates.

When the rolls or bands are more worn and there are possibly worn webs in the support construction, thickness differences can occur in the manufactured material webs. These thickness differences can often exceed the permitted tolerances, also result in an uneven load on the rolls and also an uneven heat transfer.

From the French patent document No. 1 469 225 is

a continuous press of the type mentioned at the outset is known, where instead of continuous rollers across the width of the web, individual rollers are used which are arranged one after the other across the web. Two adjacent rollers (fig. 7) are connected by means of coupling pins. Lashing chains are arranged longitudinally between the adjacent rollers.

This embodiment is functionally not significantly different from the device that uses the continuous rod-shaped rollers. With regard to the forces exerted as a result of the downward bending of the form bands on the rollers, the conditions are essentially the same. The roller device in the French patent document is actually less favorable than the one described above, because the rollers are not designed as one and therefore do not have a corresponding bending resistance, but on the contrary are weakened in the places where the coupling pins are located. A row of rollers that follow each other across the track will therefore more easily tend to bend in the track plane.

In addition, there is an extra connection as a result of the arrangement of the internal lashing chains. The rollers are not only connected laterally, but they are also connected with the front and rear roller, so that you get a mesh-like roller field. A local positional error for a single roller will therefore not be limited to this, but will spread via the coupling pins also through the chains of adjacent rollers and will spread to the surrounding roller device. Compared with the device in e.g. US Patent No. 2 142 932 thus results in an amplification of the roll error, as an error with a single roll is immediately transferred to the preceding and trailing roll.

It is known from US Patent No. 3,120,862

a press of the type mentioned at the outset, where several side-by-side rows of cylinder rollers running parallel to each other are used for support. In this patent document, instead of the flexible form bands, link chains are arranged which are so rigid that they do not bend between the support points on the rollers and where one therefore does not have the associated problems. For lateral guidance of the rollers in the raceways, grooves are incorporated both in the support structure and in the link chains where the rollers can run freely and with their end faces push against the track flanks. In a first embodiment, the rollers run immediately after each other, and you get a significant circumferential friction between the rollers. This is noted in the patent (column 6) and a distance between the rollers is recommended. In order to avoid this circumferential friction, according to another embodiment, a cage is arranged between the rollers, as is known from

normal roller bearings, and the cage must keep the rollers at a distance. The necessary distance does not play a role in the case of the non-flexible link chains in US Patent No. 3,120,862, but will be very undesirable in the case of flexible shaped bands, as it simultaneously reduces it through the rollers per plate unit transferable amount of heat. The cages are also unsuitable because they attack the circumference of the rollers. When the cages transfer longitudinal forces, which can easily happen due to different advancement of the chains, which practice has shown, then friction

the forces attack the rollers with a large radius and produce correspondingly large braking torques. In addition, the roller circumference and the cage naturally wear out, and here the greater relative speed of the roller circumference also plays a role.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, by which device proper running of the support rollers is ensured even when high working pressures are applied.

According to the invention, the rollers in the longitudinal section are used in many roller chains that are closely adjacent across the track, placed next to each other, but move forward independently of each other.

With the resulting short length for the rolls, it is achieved that the disadvantages associated with bending of the rolls are eliminated. The areas where different pressures occur are, in the case of track materials of the type in question here, larger than the rolls are long, so that these are not affected by significantly different working pressures and are thus not exposed to the resulting bending stress. In the case of a 2 to 2.5 m wide track, between 50 and 100 roller chains must be arranged next to each other.

Of decisive importance is the independent mobility of the side-by-side roller chains. Small running errors in a roller chain will not be able to be transferred to the adjacent roller chain and affect its running conditions. When, for one reason or another, a force acts on a roller in a roller chain, so that it rushes slightly ahead of the others, then the adjacent roller area, i.e. the adjacent roller in the next roller chain, will not be forced into an inclined position, but will remain unaffected by the random error in the second roller chain. By the fact that the roller device is separated across the track, all of the disadvantages described above, which are due to the rollers being held together over a large stretch across the track, have been eliminated.

By arranging the rollers in chains, it is achieved that the individual rollers in a chain are kept essentially parallel to each other and do not shift sideways. Roller chains are here to be understood as such chains where the individual rollers are stored on axle pins in ladle chains arranged on both sides which have ladles which are vertical relative to the rolling plane, continuous in the rolling direction and perforated at the ends, as the ends of successive ladles overlap each other and the said holes are penetrated by axle pins of the rollers. Such roller chains can be designed so that the rollers in a chain do not touch each other, but still follow each other with as little distance as possible, which is an advantage with regard to the deflection of the form bands and the device's heat transfer capability. The chains thus take over the task of the track flank and the cages in US patent no. 3 120 862. The chains can transmit significant longitudinal forces without frictional resistance at the circumference of the rollers. The power transmission takes place over a small radius at the rollers' axle studs.

The grooves necessary for guiding the free-running or essentially free-running rollers in US Patent No. 3,130,862 must, if they are to fulfill their task without edging or pinching the rollers, be precisely machined, not only in width, but above all also in depth, as the groove depth directly determines the thickness of the manufactured web and at different depths in grooves lying next to each other you will get an uneven pressure load and heat transfer. The production of tracks that are sufficiently accurate and suitable as a rolling surface in a surface with a width of 2.5 m and a length of 10 to 20 m, as is known from support structures, for example for the production of chipboards, cannot be defended purely economically.

A further object of the invention is therefore

to design a device of the type described at the outset in such a way that the running surfaces of the rollers in the support structure become reasonable in manufacture.

According to the invention, it is proposed that the surfaces are smooth on the side where the pressure is applied, i.e. on the side where the rollers unroll and thereby transfer pressure and heat to the forming belts, respectively the web that is formed.

The term "smooth" shall here mean that the running surfaces for the individual roller chains lying next to each other across the track shall form a surface free of ledges, which is freely protruding for processing. In contrast to the known embodiment, where there are tracks that must be prepared separately, with the embodiment according to the invention, the entire surface can be produced with the required accuracy and flatness. The word "smooth" should not mean that the surface as such must be without openings, and it can thus easily have slits or small holes. What you want to achieve is that adjacent running surfaces must be able to be machined in one work step, thereby to

ensure mutual positional accuracy and of course also

to reduce processing costs.

In one embodiment, the roller chains in the longitudinal section can adjoin each other directly across the track.

This requires a corresponding design of the roller chains' external limitations, as these must be free of protrusions, so that adjacent roller chains cannot snag on each other and prevent the independent free advancement of the chains.

The roller chains can be designed as so-called Galls chains with lugs arranged on both sides of the roller. These chains have the advantage that they are simple and economical, because they are available in the trade in different standardized dimensions.

With this type of chain, however, there will be between

the rollers adjacent across the track are provided with a distance that corresponds to the thickness of the flaps, and here the forming band will not be supported. In the case of double or multiple chains of this type, this will also be the case in the places where the inner laska strands are located. These distances form continuous unsupported strips along the length of the track. At pressures that are not too high, these free spans of the mold bands do not lead to any disadvantages. For certain materials, such as e.g. synthetic resin laminates etc., however, it is essential that you have a very even and high pressure. In addition, the rollers transfer not only the pressure, but also the temperature from the heated support structure to the mold belts and thus to the hardening mass compressed between the mold belts. The usual chains will therefore necessarily give a pressure and heat transfer in strips, and with certain synthetic resin laminates this will not lead to proper products.

It is desirable that the high pressure and temperature are transferred as evenly as possible to the mold bands and the mass in between them. The side limits to the direction of travel on successive rolls in a single string are therefore advantageously shifted relative to each other across the direction of travel. This means that in the transverse direction there are no places that are constantly free of rolling support. A space between two laterally adjacent rollers will constantly be covered by the subsequent rollers which are offset laterally relative to the preceding rollers and thus cover this space. However, it is not necessary that the directly following roll already covers the entire space. This can happen during the passage of several rolls. However, the space must be completely covered at least once, so that here too pressure is repeatedly exerted by means of a roller, with associated heat release, and no part of the forming band remains untouched.

According to the invention, it is advantageous, when using roller chains with in the direction of travel, parallel to the end sides of the rollers standing laths that connect successive rollers, the several laths connecting successive, two by two adjacent rollers are shifted laterally towards the same side of the track relative to the continuous, preceding lask.

The laths therefore do not form, as is the case with normal roller chains, a string running longitudinally parallel to the track, but are arranged obliquely within the single string in the chain as a result of the repeated lateral displacements, while the chain as a whole runs straight ahead.

In an exemplary embodiment, this can for example be realized by the laths in a roller chain always being shifted towards the same side and that on the side of the roller chain from which the laths move away as a result of the displacement, a new string of laths begins at the edge of the roller chain after several consecutive end rolls, while on the other side, after a corresponding number of successive rolls, the lacing string closest to the edge ends.

Such a chain includes several mutually parallel, but slanted, relative to the total extent of the chain running lath strands. Between these lashing strings, several rollers are arranged within a single string, separated by the lashing strings.

As a result of the displacement, the lashing strands will travel obliquely over the roller surface covered by the single strand, and this means that the rollers will reach any place on this surface. As the single string only has a specific, but for application purposes outside the special press arbitrarily selectable width, the lath strings on one side from joint to joint will approach the edge, while on the other side they move away from the edge and go inside the single string. After a certain number of joints, the lacing strand closest to the edge is broken and a new lacing strand is introduced at the other edge. Such a chain will cover the entire pressing surface in an even manner.

Another design example is that the displacement direction of the laths in a string of laths is changed after several successive rolls, so that the string of laths runs in a zigzag pattern.

In this way, interruptions or new beginnings of the chain strands are avoided. Admittedly, the overlap of the track will not be uniform, because areas that are constantly rolled over will be adjacent to areas that are only rolled over at regular intervals.

Appropriately, the device includes two lashing strings whose lashings are offset opposite each other.

A further advantageous feature of such chains is that the outer rollers have different lengths, so that the outer limiting surfaces on one side of a roller chain lie in the same plane.

This makes it possible to maintain a parallel restriction of the roller chain despite the fact that the lash strings do not extend in the longitudinal direction.

If the outer rollers are supported on one side and the ends of the roller pins of the outer rollers are recessed in the end plates of the rollers, then you will get a design where the rollers in adjacent single strings, i.e. the load-bearing areas of the single strings, collide directly with each other, so that these areas go carelessly into each other across the track. At the outer limits of the individual strings, there are therefore no tabs that determine free spans for the form arc ends. In the interior of the individual strands, the effect of the existing lath strands is overcome as a result of the inclined guidance.

The independent advancement of adjacent individual strands is therefore ensured at the same time as the entire pressing surface is rolled over.

In order to disconnect any mutual influence between the roller chains, it can be advantageous to arrange in the running direction extended, flat strips standing vertically on the roller plane.

The strips between the roller chains effect a complete separation between them, so that a transfer of various longitudinal movements between adjacent roller chains as a result of friction or sticking on protruding edges is excluded.

In an embodiment of the strips fixedly arranged

relative to the support structure.

The roller chains then move along both sides of each strip.

To retain the strips, they can be clamped in clamping devices at the ends of the support structure.

Difficulties with the movement of the roller chain occur in

the area where they run forward under load, i.e. between the plates in the support structure and the form bands.

Usually it will therefore be sufficient to arrange the strips only between the sections of the roller chains which transfer load between the support structure and the form bands.

While, due to the simple construction, one prefers the fixed design of the strips, of course there can also be cases where the strips run endlessly in a relatively vertical longitudinal plane of the track.

The strips then move essentially parallel

with the roller chains, and at the bending points in front and behind the support structures, the strips are then turned 90° to avoid bending around the high edge, so that they can be bent on the flat side.

In one embodiment of the strips, these may have a

width that is smaller than the roll diameter and be arranged between the plates and the forming bands.

The strips designed in this way have no connection with the plates and can move across the track. Their width is dimensioned so that they fit between the plates and the form bands,

but in any case it overlaps the area where projections on

the adjacent roller chains can cause snagging. The strips only need to be secured at the ends, i.e. where they protrude from the part of the support structure where the working pressure prevails.

In some cases, it may be sufficient to hold the rear end of the strips, seen in the running direction of the roller chain, because the strips are pulled along by the adjacent roller chains and held in the correct position by these.

In order to give the entire device with roller chains a lateral guide, at least one of the strips at a longitudinal edge can be embedded in a longitudinal groove of the plates and protrude between the roller chains.

The grooves necessary for the strips are only narrow and

does not require any particular target accuracy in depth, in contrast to the tracks serving as a running track in US patent document no. 3 120 862.

As the strips are relatively thin and the processing difficulties increase when sawing very narrow grooves, it can be recommended to insert a filler strip next to the part of the strip that is in the longitudinal groove.

The track width then corresponds to the sum of the thickness of the strip and the filling strip, so that, despite the use of thin strips, a width of the track that can be produced in a simple and inexpensive way can be obtained. The strip can be wedged in the groove using the filler strip.

The strips inserted in the plates do not need to be arranged between all roller chains. An appropriate embodiment involves the strips embedded in the plates being arranged at distances corresponding to several roller chains across the track.

Between embedded strips will then be several roller chains

either abutting directly against each other or freely between the plate and the forming strip in the longitudinal direction tensioned strips.

The strips must not transmit any special forces, but must only prevent the edges or protrusions of adjacent roller chains from snagging on each other. The strips therefore do not need to be particularly stable.

In a first embodiment, the strips can consist of steel. For example, a steel band with a thickness of 1 mm can be used and a friction-reducing coating can be arranged on the flat sides of the steel band, e.g. a sprayed-on layer of polytetrafluoroethylene.

However, it is also possible to perform the strips completely

of plastic.

When the roller chains have run through the pressing area, they must be fed back to the inlet. This can happen by the chains being guided outside the support structure, as is the case, for example. is shown in French Patent Document No. 1,469,225.

However, the return can also take place by arranging a pressure-transmitting plate between the support structure and the forming band assigned to it, which on the side facing away from the forming band has grooves with a depth that is greater than the diameter of the rollers and with a width that corresponds to the width of the roller chains.

The chains then run back to the inlet through the tracks. Because the grooves have a greater depth, the chains will therefore

be unloaded in the tracks.

The distance between the tracks across the track corresponds to the distance between the roller chains. It is equal to the distance to the steps left between the tracks which must transfer the entire load and therefore cannot be made arbitrarily narrow, as would be desirable for a small distance between the individual strings.

In order to be able to move the tracks close to each other without thereby weakening the load-bearing cross-section of the steps between the tracks, it is recommended to give the plate a thickness greater than twice the roll diameter and to alternately arrange a track on the side facing the form band and a track on the side facing the forming band, the grooves being given a depth greater than the roll diameter.

When saw the facing side bounding surfaces

in the respective adjacent grooves lie in a plane, these grooves can accommodate chains whose lateral limiting surfaces run next to each other without gaps.

In a preferred embodiment, the support structure includes a heavy oleate containing heating channels, about which plate the rollers run in a longitudinal plane relatively vertical to the track.

For the transfer of the rollers from the underside of the support construction, which forms the support surface, and to the upper side, bending devices may be arranged at the end of the surface which bend the rollers from the side of the plate facing the forming band to the other side, respectively vice versa.

During prolonged operation of such a device, particularly when processing powdered or finely divided track material, it may occur that particles of this material penetrate between the plates and the forming belts and contaminate the raceways for the rollers.

To reduce the risk of this as much as possible is recommended

the fact that the area where the rollers unroll between the support construction and the associated form band during the transfer of the pressure is under a small pneumatic overpressure. This overpressure prevents particles from penetrating the area, because you always want a flow movement from the inside out in any openings.

In order to maintain this excess pressure, a cover can be arranged which covers the area between the support structure and the associated form band and is tightly connected to the support structure, which cover has seals against the running form band, and also

has a compressed air supply.

However, you can also enclose the entire endless stretch of the rollers in a housing sealed against the ingress of contaminants, especially when you have rollers that lead back outside the support structure.

The invention shall be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings which show exemplary embodiments of a press for the continuous production of chipboards, laminate boards, etc.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of a device according to the invention,

fig. 2 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the device in fig. 1, in schematic view,

fig. 3 shows a cross section through the device i

fig. 1 on a slightly larger scale,

fig. 4 shows a partial cross-section through that in fig. 3

with a dot-marked framing provided edge area for the pressure-transmitting plate, on which the roller chains run,

fig. 5 shows a partial cross-section as in fig. 4, but

through another embodiment,

fig. 6 shows a partial longitudinal section through the initial area of the plate in fig. 5,

fig. 7 shows a partial cross-section as in fig. 4, through

a further embodiment of the invention,

fig. 8 shows a partial longitudinal section as in fig. 6, through the embodiment in fig. 7, and

fig. 9-11 show exemplary embodiments of roller chains which are particularly suitable for the invention.

In fig. 1 shows a press for the production of chipboards, laminate boards, mineral-bonded building boards, for sintering sheets of polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. The presses include an upper forming band 1 of steel sheet with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 mm and also have a similar lower forming band 2. Between the forming bands 1,2, a web 4 of the aforementioned materials is compressed in a longitudinal section 3, which is supplied in the form of a loose mass 4'.

The upper form band i runs across the track 4 arranged rollers or drums 5,6. The drum 6 is fixedly stored and the drum 5 is stored in a stand 9 which is pivotably stored at 8 in the machine foundation. The stand 9 can be moved with the help of hydraulic cylinders 10, whereby the forming band 1 can be tensioned.

The forming belt 2 runs across the drums 11,12 arranged across the goods path. The drum 11 is permanently mounted and the drum 12 is stored in a bearing 14 that can be moved on rails. The bearing 14 can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the web by means of hydraulic cylinders and thus tension the forming belt 2. The forming belt is driven by means of the drums.

The forming belts 1,2 run in the direction indicated by the arrows 16 so that the loose masses 4' placed on the belt 2 by means of devices not shown in more detail are drawn into the longitudinal area 3. The running-out, compressed web 4 is taken off the belt 2 using

of suitable devices, not shown. In the longitudinal section 3, an upper support structure 17 is arranged in the interior of the molding band 1, which cooperates with a lower support structure 18 arranged in the interior of the lower molding band 2 and supports the areas of the molding bands 1,2 facing the path 4 and presses them with great power towards the pitch 4.

The constructions 17, 18 consist of beams 19, 20 which lie directly opposite each other above and below the form bands 1, 2 and the web 4. Each pair of beams 19, 20 is connected to each other on the side outside the web so that pressure devices are formed in terms of force in themselves. As shown in fig.1 and 3, the joining can take place with the help of strong spindles 21 which act between consoles 22, 23, which consoles are connected to end plates 24, 25 on the beams 19, 20. The spindles 21 can optionally be adjustable using of engines (not shown) . The clamping force can of course also be provided by means of hydraulic cylinders. The lower beams 20 transfer their force to pressure pads 56 filled with a hydraulic medium, which ensure uniform pressure across the width of the track, even in the event of a possible deflection of the beams 19, 20. For each pair of beams 19, 20, a pressure pad can be arranged, or such a be common to several successive beams. Between the beams 19, respectively between the pressure pads 56 and the forming belt 1, 2, thick plates 26, 27 are arranged which transmit the forces exerted by the individual pressure devices 19, 20 evenly onto the forming belt 1, 2. The plates are provided with channels in which there are arranged heating elements, or the channels may be designed for the flow of a heating medium.

Roller chains are arranged between the plates 26, 27 and the forming bands 1, 2. On these, the forming belt 1, 2 moves relative to the plates 26, 27. The roller chains are endless and move in a vertical longitudinal plane around the plate 26, 27. The roller chains are described in more detail in connection with fig. 4 to 8. The rollers in the roller chains transfer both pressure and heat from the plates 26, 27 and to the forming belt 1, 2 and thus to the web 4.

The roller chains can, after they have reached the end of the longitudinal section, either be led back into the actual pressing area, i.e. between the carriers 19, 20 and the plates 26, 27 as shown in fig. 2 by the plate 26, or they can be moved around outside the support structure, as shown by the support structure 18 in fig. 2. Along the longitudinal section 3, several individual plates, designed in the same way as the plates 26, 27, can also be connected one after the other. For example, it may be appropriate to separate the plate 26', which forms the inclined inlet area 27, at 28 from the remaining part of the plate 26 and to arrange two sets of roller chains, which separately run around the plate 26 and the plate 26'.

Fig. 4 shows a first embodiment of the plates 26, 27 and the associated roller chains. In this design example, a plate 30 is arranged which has a smooth lower surface 32. The surface 32 is not broken by steps or the like, and can be processed in one work step by e.g. planing and grinding. The surface 32 forms a common running surface for the side-by-side roller chains 33. The roller chains 33 consist of individual, directly following parallel rollers 34 which are connected to each other by means of tabs arranged on both sides, vertical to the roller plane and running in the direction of the roller 35 by means of roller pins 36. The roller pins 36 form both the running axis for the rollers 34 as well as the joint pins for the flaps 35 mutually.

The roller chains 33 each form a single string

58. Adjacent single strings 58 can run independently of each other. Therefore, in the design example, the outer side of the flaps 35 is smooth and the heads of the roller pins 36 are recessed. Collectively, the roller chains 33 thus form a rolling surface which in the running direction has no shear strength and in which no forces can arise which could lead to a skewed running of the individual rollers 34.

In the design example, the rollers 34 have a diameter of 12.7 mm.

Heating channels 40 are run across the plate 30. At the ends, they are provided with sealed lines 41 and the plate 30 is supplied with heat which is necessary for curing the mass that forms the web 4. To avoid heat loss, between the upper side, i.e. the side 31, of the plate 30 which faces the support structure 17 or 18 and the carriers 19 or 20 respectively, a heat-insulating layer in the form of a plate 42 is arranged.

The embodiment in fig. 5 and 6 differ from it

in fig. 4 in that strips 100 are arranged between the individual roller chains 33, which in the design example are made of steel

tape with a thickness of approximately 1 mm and with a width that is slightly smaller than the diameter of the rollers 34. The strips 100 extend vertically between the roller chains 33 over the entire length section 3. The strips 100 are held at the ends in those in fig. 6 schematically shows tensioning devices 101 outside the plate 30. A particularly strong tension of the strips 100 is not necessary. You only have to prevent them from being carried away by the revolving roller chains 33. Otherwise, the strips 100 are confined between the smooth lower surface 32 of the plate 30

and the form band 1.

The strips 100 serve to separate adjacent roller chains 33 and to prevent hooking of e.g. rivet heads 39 or edges of the flaps 35 with each other.

From fig. 6 shows how the plate 30 is designed at the ends. There is a front piece 37 which bends the roller chains 33 away from the surface 32, so that they are guided over the support structure and back to the other end of the surface, so that the roller chains 33 can thereby run in a closed circuit around the plate 30

and the support structure. The form pieces 37 are wedged at the end of the plate 30 by means of the wedges 38.

In fig. 7 and 8 shows an embodiment where the plate 26, 27 is made up of a heating and support plate 43 and a separate return plate 44. The plate 43 has heating channels which are connected to each other at the ends by means of tubular legs 45 so that a closed wiring.

Roller chains 60 run between the underside of the plate 43 and the forming band 1. The roller chains are designed so that the ends of the roller pins 36 are recessed in the lugs 35 arranged on both sides. At the side limits of the plate 43, guide strips 46 are arranged for the entire roller chain device 60. The roller chains 60 form single strings 58 which can run independently of each other.

Strips 100 are arranged between the roller chains 60

which separates the roller chains from each other and prevents them from snagging each other. In that in fig. 7 shown design example, it is

arranged three strips 100 which are arranged freely between the underside of the plate 43 and the forming band 1. The one in fig. 7 shown strip 100' is embedded in a longitudinal groove 102 in the plate 43 and forms a lateral guide, as it lies fixed relative to the plate 43. In contrast, the free strips 100 can move laterally relative to the plate 43.

The groove 102 is sawn into the plate 43. It can have a width that corresponds to the thickness of the strip 100' and the strip 100' can then be inserted directly into the groove. In order to obtain an easier-to-produce groove, the shown groove 102 is sawn out so that it is wider than the strip 100' is thick, and a filling strip 103 is wedged into the groove next to the strip 100'. Thereby the groove is filled, while the strip 100' is held firmly.

In fig. 8, the inlet side of the longitudinal section 3 (see fig. 2) is shown. The roller chains 60 move in the direction of the arrow 104. In such a running direction, it may be sufficient just to have a tensioning device on it in fig. 8 right end of the strips 100. At the one in fig. 8 at the left-hand end of the plate 43, there is then no need to have a tensioning device 101, because the roller chains 60 take the strips 100 with them to the necessary extent and the strips 100 are otherwise held between the underside of the plate 43 and the upper side of the forming belt 1.

While the return of the roller chains 33 in fig. 5 and

6 occurred outside the support structure 17, 18, the return in fig. 7 and 8 through the special return plate 44 which is arranged between the support structures 17, 18 and the plates 43. The return plates 44 have a thickness that is more than twice the diameter of the rollers in the roller chains 60. The return plate 44 has on it against the beam 19 respectively 20 turned side return tracks 47 and in that way the upper side of the plate 43 has turned side return tracks 48. The tracks 47, 48 are offset relative to each other across the product path, in such a way that the side limiting rafts 49, 50 lie approximately vertically above each other. In this way, the corresponding limiting surfaces of the adjacent roller chains will lie almost in a plane, i.e. only offset relative to each other corresponding to the width of the strips 100, 100'. The force which gives the working pressure is transmitted through the intermediate area 51 which is present due to the thickness of the plate 44.

Also at the end of that plate are arranged form pieces 52 which bend the roller chains 60 from the underside of the plate up to the upper side and back. The moldings 52 have different bending radii for adjacent roller chains 60, so that the roller chains 60 can enter the grooves 47, 48 arranged at different heights in the plate 44.

In fig. 7.and 8 it is meant that in the rolling area

to the roller chains 60 a slight pneumatic overpressure must prevail,

to prevent dust etc. penetrate into this area. For this purpose, a cover 53 is arranged between the support structure, i.e. the beam 19 and the form band 1, which is tightly connected to the support structure and is sealed against the running form band 1 with seals 54. The closed space thereby provided is supplied with compressed air through a compressed air supply line 55 The sealing by means of the seal 54 does not have to be hermetic, as it is sufficient that it ensures that it is possible to maintain a slight overpressure.

Essential to the embodiments described above is the fact that adjacent roller chains 33 and 60 respectively can move forward independently of each other. Overall, the support elements thus form a field which is divided into single strings 58 running in the longitudinal direction, which can shift relative to each other in the longitudinal direction in the event of any stresses. Thus, no coercive forces arise in the roller chain device.

There are cases where a particularly high pressure must be exerted in an even manner and where the temperature difference should also be kept as small as possible. In such cases, a chain device as shown in fig. 4 and 5 do not lead to completely satisfactory results.

Other chains have therefore been developed, where no distances remain between the rollers, i.e. areas that do not have roller support. Such a chain 70 is shown in fig. 9. The chain has bent tabs 71 and is provided with various long rollers 72, 73 which are arranged alternately in accordance with the bending of the tabs, so that the outer parallel limiting surfaces 74, 75 run parallel to each other. The gaps 76 for the flaps between the rollers are displaced laterally relative to each other due to the bent shape of the flaps 71. The space 76 between those in fig. 9 top rollers 72, 73 will be rolled over by the next roller when the chain 70 moves upwards. Since adjacent chains 70 can collide directly with each other due to the parallel limiting surfaces 74 and 75, a complete pressure surface has been provided for the forming bands 1, 2 in this way.

Another embodiment is shown in fig. 10, where a chain 80 is shown with straight lugs 81. However, these lugs are not arranged one after the other, but are offset towards the same side. Thus, e.g. the latch 81a in fig. 10 shifted upwards relative to the tab 81. The tab 81b is then shifted upwards relative to the tab 81a. The flap 81c is, however, shifted downwards relative to the flap 81b and is followed by four further, downwardly displaced flaps, all the way to flap 81d, from which a displacement again takes place upwards in the direction to the right. The entire string of lashers 81, 81a, etc. will therefore proceed in a zigzag pattern within the chain 80, so that the spaces that exist between two rollers will always be overlapped by one or more of the succeeding rollers.

The string of lashings 81 is assigned to a lashing string 82. The lashings in this string are displaced relative to the longitudinal mid-plane of the chain 80 in the opposite direction to the displacement of the lashing string 81. Each link in the chain 80 thus consists of three rollers of periodically changing width, and in total form they a single strand with parallel limiting surfaces 83, 84. The three rollers in a joint are held together by means of a bolt 85 whose head 86 is arranged in recesses 87 and does not protrude above the limiting surfaces 83, 84.

The chain 80 corresponds to the one in fig. 6 and 7 shown chain. Adjacent chains 80 butt against each other with their end surfaces 83, 84 so that no appreciable pressure-free distance remains in these places. The distances between the individual rollers in a chain link are periodically rolled over by subsequent chain rollers, so that an even transfer of the pressure forces to the forming belt 1, 2 is obtained.

Fig. 11 shows yet another design example of a chain, where the disadvantages associated with the strip-shaped unaffected areas have been avoided. The chain 90 is constructed in the same way as the chain 80, only with the difference that the latches 91a, 91b, 91c are always shifted towards the same side relative to the preceding latch. The lashing strings therefore extend obliquely through the parallel-bounded chain 90. The parallelism of the end surfaces 97, 99 is ensured by a corresponding tapering off of the lengths of the individual rollers. After a certain number of rolls, the upper lacing string 91 has reached the edge, so that the roll 92 there is very narrow. At this point, the lacing string 91 is broken and a wide roll 93 is inserted. This spans the combined length of the two preceding rollers 92 and 92' and joins the next chain string 96. At the one in fig. 11 lower edge of the chain 90, the opposite is the case, as the lacing string 96 has here removed far from the side limit of the chain, so that a long roll 92'' has been obtained, the length of which corresponds to the length of the roll 93. After the roll 92< 11> follows two rolls 93' and 93'', and between these a new lasing string 98 begins. The roll 93' joins on the other side to the lasing string 96. Here you have a jump where the former lasing strings 91 and 96 are replaced by the lasing strings 96 and 98.

With regard to the design of the side restraint of the rollers, the chain 90 is made like the chain 80.

For all chains 70, 80, 90, the outer rollers are stored on one side in the lask chains, and this enables the direct joining of adjacent individual strands.

A device for exerting a surface pressure with the above-described chains represents a preferred embodiment of the invention in those cases where emphasis is placed on obtaining a surface-wise particularly smooth repulsion, rolling or touch, respectively heat transfer.

Claims (24)

1. Device for exerting a surface pressure on a longitudinal section of a running web, in particular a press for the continuous production of under pressure and possibly hot shaped plate materials, where the web is guided between endless in the running direction of the web circumferentially and extending over the width of the web, and where between the form bands and above and below these in a support structure arranged plates (26,27) are arranged revolving rollers which unroll in an endless sequence in the longitudinal plane relative to the path vertical and transfer the working pressure from the support structure to the form bands, characterized in that the rollers in the longitudinal section ( 3) is arranged in many, across the path (4) close together, placed next to each other, but independently of each other moving forward roller chains (33,60,70,80,90). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (30,4 3) are smooth on the side where the pressure is applied. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the roller chains (33,60,70,80,90) border each other directly across the path (4) in the longitudinal section (3). 4. Device according to one of the claims 1 - 3 and with roller chains with in the running direction one after the other, parallel to the end sides of the rollers standing tabs which connect the following rollers, characterized by several consecutive, two and two adjacent rollers connecting tabs are offset laterally towards the same lane side relative to the continuous, preceding lask. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the laths (91a, 91b, 91c) in a roller chain (90) are always shifted towards the same side and in that on the side of the roller chain from which the lath strings are removed as a result of the displacement, a new lath string begins (98) at the edge of the roller chain after several consecutive rollers, while on the other side after a corresponding number of consecutive rollers, the lashing string (91) lying closest to the edge ends. 6. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the direction of displacement of the laths in a string of laths (81) alternates after several successive ones, so that the string of laths (81) in a roller chain proceeds in a zigzag pattern. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes two lashing strings (81, 82) whose lashings are offset opposite each other. 8. Device according to one of claims 4-7, characterized in that the outer rollers have different lengths, so that the outer limiting surfaces (74,75;83,84;97,99) on one side of a roller chain lie in the same plane. 9. Device according to one of claims 4-8, characterized in that the outer rollers are stored on one side. 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the ends (86) of the roller pins (85) for the outer rollers are recessed in the end surfaces of the rollers. 11. Device according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that between the roller chains (33, 60) there are arranged in the direction of travel strips (100, 100') that are stretched out, flat and vertical to the roller plane. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the strips (100, 100') are fixed relative to the support structure (17, 18) in the running direction. 13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the strips (100) are clamped in clamping devices (101) arranged at the ends of the support structure (17,18). 14. Device according to one of claims 11 - 13, characterized in that the strips (100, 100') are only arranged in the section of the roller chains (33, 60) which transmits load between the support structure (17, 18) and the forming bands (1, 2) ). 15. Device according to one of claims 11 - 14, characterized in that the strips run endlessly in a vertical longitudinal plane relative to the track (4). 16. Device according to one of claims 11 - 15, characterized in that the strips (100) have a width that is smaller than the roll diameter and are arranged between the plate (30, 43) and the forming bands (1, 2). 17. Device according to one of the claims 11 - 16, characterized in that at least one (100') of the strips is embedded at a longitudinal edge in a longitudinal groove (102) in the plate (4 3) and protrudes between the roller chains (60) from the longitudinal groove (102). 18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that next to the part of the strip (100<*>) which is located in the longitudinal groove (102) a filler strip (10 3) is inserted. 19. Device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the strips (100') embedded in the plates are arranged at mutual distances corresponding to several roller chains (60) across the track (4). 20. Device according to one of claims 1-19, characterized in that between the support structure (17,18) and the associated form band (1,2) is arranged a pressure-transmitting plate (26,27;30,44) which on the side facing away from the forming band has grooves (31;47,48) arranged in the running direction with a depth that is greater than the diameter of the rollers and with a width that corresponds to the width to the roller chains (33,60). 21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the plate (44) has a thickness that is more than twice as large as the roll diameter and has two grooves (47,48) with a depth greater than the roll diameter alternating on the side facing from the forming band and on the side facing the form band. 22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that the facing side limiting surfaces (49,50) in resp. outer (47) and inner (48) tracks lie in one plane. 23. Device according to one of claims 1-22, characterized in that at the end of the plate (26, 27) there are arranged bending devices (37, 52) which bend the roller-carrying roller chains (33, 60) from that side of the plate (26, 27) which faces the respective form band (1,2) and to the other side, respectively vice versa. 24. Device according to one of claims 1-23, characterized in that the area where the rollers unroll between the support structure (17,18) and the associated forming band (1,2) during the transfer of the pressure, is under a small pneumatic overpressure, in that a cover spans the area between the support structure (17,18) and the associated form band (1,2), which cover (53) is tightly connected to the support structure (17,18) and has seals (54) against the running form band ( 1,2), as well as a compressed air supply (55).