NO139935B - DEVICE FOR FLUID SEAL AND HEAT INSULATING WALL CONSTRUCTION FOR A FLUID SEAT HEAT INSULATED CONTAINER - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates generally and has particular

as the purpose of obtaining an improved device with fluid-tight and heat-insulating wall construction for a fluid-tight heat-insulating

clay container.

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Within the state of the art in this area, reservoirs of the type in question here are already known comprising a self-supporting and rigid outer wall, a fluid-tight primary barrier consisting of a mainly flexible, membrane-like, impermeable inner wall at a distance from the outer wall, and a intermediate heat-insulating construction, a fluid-tight secondary barrier embedded in the heat-insulating construction, fastening means for fastening the intermediate heat-insulating construction to the inner wall and to the primary barrier, the intermediate' heat-insulating construction and the fastening means being able to transfer loads from the primary barrier to the outer wall, the primary barrier being applied against and supported by the intervening thermally insulating structure, the inner wall of the primary barrier being made of thin corrugated metal", formed with at least one set of separate substantially parallel undulations projecting inwards only from the inner side. The known constructions or the constructions that actually exist have various disadvantages, among which must be mentioned a relatively complex composition which necessitates a relatively significant amount of materials which are primarily costly, and whose production work entails relatively large construction costs.

The main purpose of the invention is to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and difficulties by producing a new improved construction of a simpler nature, which is less expensive and has a lower weight.,In order to solve this task, according to the invention, a

. device which is distinguished by the fact that the intermediate heat-insulating construction, from the inside and outside. includes a) an ad-

separating layer au a heat-insulating and load-distributing material selected from the group consisting of balsa wood, veneer and rigid cellular material, which separating layer is in constant contact with the fluid-tight secondary barrier and attached thereto and comprises at least one widely spaced substantially parallel slit which each extending through at least a substantial part of the thickness of the separating layer and each located mainly at a corrugation' of the primary barrier and extending along this corrugation, b) said fluid-tight secondary barrier and c) at least one heat insulating layer.

Another characteristic feature of the invention is that the aforementioned slits are filled with a sealing gasket insert.

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Yet another feature of the invention is that the separating layer consists of support panels lying next to each other, the aforementioned slots comprising slots formed by slits arranged between each pair of adjacent support panels and slots which extend in the support panels through a significant part of their thickness .

A further feature of the invention is that the secondary barrier is made of thin corrugated sheet material designed with at least one set of separate, mainly parallel corrugations which project outwards from just the inner side, the said corrugations on the secondary barrier being mainly parallel to the in the primary barrier and respective each lies opposite a corresponding corrugation in the primary barrier.

According to yet another feature of the invention, the separating layer is lined on the inside with a load-distributing layer consisting of plates of a material selected from the group consisting of veneer and rigid synthetic material.

According to yet another feature of the invention consists

the secondary barrier and the heat insulating layer of a number of adjacent panels of at least approximately rectangular shape, separated from each other by sealing gasket inserts located on the side of the outer surface of the heat insulating

layer and separate adjacent panels, and rigid bead-like cover joints located on the side of the secondary barrier to cover the sealing gasket inserts, the cover joint comprising an outer layer of the same material as the heat insulating layer and an inner layer of the same material as the separating layer and is wider than the aforementioned outer layer, so that two abutments are formed together with this, the inner side and the outer layer being essentially in the same plane and in line with the inner side of the panels and the inner layer having essentially the same thickness as the separating layer and is continuously separated from the outer layer with the help of a part of the secondary barrier which extends towards the abutments and which is in a binding relationship with the abutments, the edges of the inner outer surface of the panels being in a binding relationship with the abutments to provide a continuous secondary barrier in combination with the ninth part of the secondary barrier.

According to another feature of the invention, the exterior of the cover joint comprises a load-distributing liner consisting of plates and a material selected from the group consisting of veneers and rigid synthetic materials.

The aforementioned wooden beams or supporting beams may include primary supporting beams or houed beams which form support for the mentioned plates, and secondary beams or auxiliary beams which only serve to carry compressive forces, as the intervals between the supporting beams, the outer edge and the plates are filled with glazing.

In accordance with the invention, it is advantageous to omit in particular all the secondary support beams with their fixing bolts and their dampers and gasket material between the secondary support beams and the outer edge and to replace all the omitted parts as well as the glazing between the support beams with a cell-shaped stiff heat-insulating material that expands on instead, regardless of the bodies or substances indicated above. Container e/i can in particular be integrated into the double hull of a transport vessel, such as a tanker for methane or the like. Here, only the aforementioned primary support beams are retained which take up the compressive forces exerted by the contents of the container which make up the load, and transfer the forces due to thermal stresses on the insulation or its extension by cyclic or periodic extension

of the hull under the effect especially of swells during travel in high seas.

According to an embodiment variant, the aforementioned primary support beams and ~ consequently all the support beams can likewise be omitted, so that according to yet another characteristic feature of the invention, the aforementioned cellular material extends along an essentially continuous layer over the entire surface of the aforementioned outer wall, and each cut sealing joint is covered on the outside by a strip of wood veneer which forms a cover plate.

The invention is further characterized by fastening means

which attaches the secondary barrier to the primary barrier at separate separate points through the separating layer, each attachment means comprising a heat insulating block which holds the attachment means and extends through the entire thickness of the

•separating layer and is in a binding relationship with the secondary barrier over the entire area that is common to said block and the secondary barrier, and a metallic element welded to the primary barrier and rigidly connected to the block that holds

where the fastening means, as this heat-insulating block is protected on the side where the primary barrier is located, by a heat-preventing protection or screen.

The invention will be better understood and further purposes, characteristic features, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly from the following description with reference to the schematic drawings which, in the form of pure examples without limitation, show particular preferred and particularly important embodiments of the invention , as fig. 1 8r is a partial section of part of the device which forms the heat-insulating and fluid-tight wall according to a first embodiment of the invention,

fig. 2 is a modified embodiment of the device in fig. 1, fig. 3 shows a similar view of another variant of the wall construction according to the invention, fig. 4 is a similar view of yet another embodiment of the wall construction according to the invention, fig. 5 shows a partial view seen from above and with certain parts removed and cut through, on a larger scale, of a part of the sealed heat-insulating wall construction in a finished state for the container, viewed from the inside thereof, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, fig. 6 is a partial vertical section along the line X-X in fig. 5, fig. 7 is a longitudinal section along the line XI-XI in fig. 5, fig. 8 is a partial view from above, in a partially separated state and on a smaller scale, of the respective joint area for four pairs of adjacent heat-insulating boards laid on top of each other and with overlapping or of the meeting point of four cover board bands between boards that open into these with the tile for closing that forms a filling plug or closing plug shown in perspective in the removed position, fig. 9 is a section along the line XIII-XI11 in fig. 8, fig. 10

is a drawing on a larger scale similar to fig. 6 and shows an embodiment variant of the joint between two adjacent heat-insulating main plates in the intermediate layer or surface on each side of a corresponding heat-insulating main plate with associated cover plate band, the anchoring of the primary barrier being omitted, fig. is a partial view on a larger scale / of a section across the innermost layer or surface of the heat-insulating support plate with part of the associated secondary barrier in place of a locally isolated anchoring system for the primary barrier (not shown) according to a first execution, fig. 12 is a similar drawing to the previous one and shows an embodiment variant of the aforementioned local anchoring system, fig. 13 is a similar drawing to the previous two

,bg shows another embodiment of the aforementioned local anchoring system, fig. 14 is a partial view on a larger scale viewed from the inside of another embodiment of the nth local anchoring system for a primary barrier plate (omitted), fig. 15 is a section along the line XIX-XIX in fig. 14, fig. 16 is corresponding to fig. 14, but shows au de neunte local anchorage systems in the joint area for four adjacent rectangular plates (omitted) in the primary barrier, fig. 17 is a section along the line XXIII-XXIII in fig. 16 and fig. 18 shows the finished wall with the completion of the construction process after the final operations with anchoring and mutual welding of the plates in the primary barrier (the anchoring systems are omitted).

In the drawings, identical, similar, equivalent or corresponding construction elements are denoted by the same reference numbers.

According to that in fig. 1 showed example and as used for a tank made in one piece with the hull or the hold in a tanker, e.g. of transport or liquefied natural gas, the tight, heat-insulating structure in the wall of such a tank comprises in order from outside to inside: - a self-supporting or rigid outer wall, especially of metal, generally denoted by the reference number 1 and formed e.g. of the ship's double steel hull, - a lattice or network of wooden beams 2 such as forms a mainly rectangular pattern and consists of wooden beams with a mutual distance attached to the inner side of the outer wall 1 by means of bolts or the like 3 preferably welded to the wall 1 and whose free opposite end with its holding nut 4 is most advantageously recessed in a cavity for the work in each beam 2, - a cellular material 5 which fills all the spaces between the beams 2,

- a layer of "sandwich" plates 6 with mutual distance

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and which with its peripheral edges rests against the beams 2 and is attached to the separate points of the outer wall 1 by means of bolts 7 preferably welded to the outer wall 1, with the spaces between

adjacent plates are filled with cut-in sealing joints 8

■■, consisting e.g. au PVC and internally covered by means of veneer deck sheet tape 9, - a layer of balsa wood 10 connected to the layer of "sandwich" boards, - a dense primary barrier 11 consisting preferably of a thin corrugated metal sheet or with corresponding folds, for- giving or ribs, e.g. of stainless steel, with at least

a series of separate waves mainly parallel and projecting only on the inner side.

Each "sandwich" plate 6 most advantageously has a cross-sectional shape which is an isosceles trapezoid, if not "parallel sides converge from the outside inward so that with each adjacent "sandwich" plate a cooperating interval is delimited which likewise has a cross-section with isosceles trapezoid shape, - if non-parallel sides diverge from the outside in. Each "sandwich" board 6 is advantageously composed from the outside inward of: an outer wood veneer board 12 for example with a thickness of 12 mm, three intermediate layers arranged on top of each other 13 of balsa wood with a total thickness, for example, of 155 mm, and of an inner wood veneer sheet 14, for example, with a thickness of 3.4 mm, which in cooperation with the veneer cover sheets 9 can serve as a possible secondary sealing barrier Each bolt 7 retains the corresponding "sandwich" plate 6 by means of its fastening or clamping nut 15 which abuts against the inside of the outer veneer plate 12 when it is screwed into the bottom of a corresponding access bore which extends successively through the n inner veneer sheet 14 and the intermediate layers 13 of balsa, as it is hidden

by means of a plug^16 which forms a core of cellular material, such as PVC.

Between each wooden beam grid 2 and the outer wall 1 is

advantageously inserted a cushion 17 of packing material.

If one assumes that the temperature inside the container is minus 160°C, that the outside ambient temperature is minus 18°C, and that the temperature inside the double shell or wall 1 is equal to minus 21°C, a temperature of around 45° C is obtained on the outside of the outer plywood sheet 12 for a beam height of 105 mm and a conductivity coefficient for the cellular material 5 of 0.020.

The procedure for constructing such a wall structure consists of: the placement of fastening bolts 3 and 7 respectively for fastening the wooden beams 2 and the plates 6 in particular, without welding to the outer wall 1, preparation of the surfaces by treatment that favors adhesion of cellular material 5, placement of said beams 2 and their attachment to the beam bolts 3 with any interposition of a gasket material 17 between the beams 2 and the outer wall 1, placement -of veneer deck-s boards respectively in the cuts for the beams, placement of the "sandwich" plates 6 on the one side by fastening to the plate bolts 7 and on the other side by gluing to the beams 2, using the "sandwich" plates 6 to serve as a cladding wall that delimits the injection mold for cellular material 5 with the outer wall 1 and the beams 2 for injecting said cellular material in the mold and causing its subsequent expansion on the spot, sealing and closing the access holes for the nuts 15 for fastening a v the "sanduich" plates 6 with plugs of cellular material 16, filling each space between two adjacent "sanduich" plates by means of an inserted sealing joint 8, placing e.g. by gluing said balsa layer 10 to the "sandwich" plates 6 and attaching the primary barrier 11 to the balsa layer 10.

The embodiment according to fig. 2 differs mainly from that of fig. 1 in that all the beams 2 are omitted, so that the injected cellular material 5 extends along a continuous layer over the entire inner side of the outer wall 1 to form a filling body or packing material which is heat impermeable and forms a cushion or pad for load-bearing support distributed as an essentially continuous layer which preferably binds to the outer wall 1. In this case, a cover plate 20 is provided, e.g. of veneers which, on the outside of the layer of "sandwich" plates, cover the separating spaces (filled with cellular material 8) between two adjacent "sandwich" plates, as this joint covering 20 is, for example, glued to the outside of a of the two plates and protrudes beyond this laterally and sufficiently to overlap or partially cover the adjacent edge portion of the adjacent

"sanduich" plate to thus ensure the continuity of the transmission of forces in the outer surface, i.e. on the shell side of the "sanduich" plates 6. Each cover plate 20 has e.g. a thickness of approx. 80 mm and the thickness of the layer of cellular RNA material 5 is e.g. 44 mm.

In each of the two versions mentioned, the veneer sheets can be replaced by another equivalent material and the balsa wood material can optionally be replaced by a cellular material so

such as PVC or similar. In fig. 1 and 2 are shown only two single-welded fastening bolts 7 for the "sandwich" plate, but it is self-

said that each "sandwich" plate is held by a number of such bolts.

It should be noted that if one wishes to have a temperature of -60°C on the outside of the outer veneer plate 12 in the designs respectively in fig. 1 and 3, the thickness of the sandwich panels must be about 124 mm respectively if they contain balsa wood and 92 mm if they contain cellular material, while the thickness of the cellular material 5 must be 89 mm and 62 mm respectively. If it is desired to reduce the losses by evaporation to a value of 60% of the real value, the thickness of the "sandwich" plates must be 121 mm in the two cases shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the thickness of the cellular material 5 must be 139 mm in the case shown in fig. 1 and 95 in the case shown in fig. 2. It should also be noted that the injection of cellular material 5 is usually followed by a chemical reaction with heat which causes the material to expand. o According to fig. 1 and 2, the continuous layer of base lining consisting of the rigid plates or foils 14 in the internal coating, placed against the inner side of the main "sandwich" plates 6 and of relatively rigid sealing joint tapes that cover the cut-in joint fillers 8 between the main plates, will form a continuous impermeable layer that forms a secondary sealing barrier. This layer which forms the secondary barrier, whose elements are attached e.g. by gluing, can be of wood veneer, e.g. sugar maple or of a synthetic material or suitable plastic.

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The innermost heat-insulating layer 10 which forms

a separator or a spacer between the two sealing barriers, respectively, secondary 9, 14 and primary 11 (e.g. of thin corrugated sheet with at least a number of separated waves 29 which are mainly parallel and protrude only on the inner side),

is formed by aligned elements 10 close to each other, but not in contact and which form plates, blocks

kers or tiles with opposite side edges respectively parallel to the respective waves 29 in the primary barrier, the elements 10 having such mutual distance and such dimensions that each separating space or distance 28 between two adjacent elements in accordance with the present invention is located mainly directly opposite a wave 29 in the primary barrier 11 and extending along this. Each separating space or gap 28 can either remain empty (ie, containing air or inert gaseous fluid), or be filled with a sealing gasket of a soft, cellular material such as polyurethane or similar equivalent material. This division by division of the very innermost mentioned layer 1°0 makes it possible for this very easily to follow the thermal expansions and contractions that occur not only in this layer, but also in the primary ^barrier 11 and thus reduces or eliminates the internal loads due to thermal effects. In that on

in fig. 1 example, the innermost layer 10 is made of balsa wood and thus relatively rigid, so that the primary barrier 11 can be attached immediately to this layer of balsa wood. In the example of fig. 2, on the other hand, the innermost layer 10 is made of a synthetic cellular material, especially expanded or foamed, such as for example PV/C which is relatively soft or soft, so that it is advantageous that this layer of synthetic material is coated on

its inner side which must lie against the primary barrier 11,

with a relatively stiffer distribution layer 37 formed from plates or foils, e.g. of wood veneer or of suitable synthetic material and inserted between the separating layer 10 and the primary barrier 11. This distributing layer 37 will preferably be disjointed in that it is interrupted at each space 28 between the elements that form the layer 10, so that they do not its relative stiffness must inhibit or disturb the aforementioned thermal deformations and at the same time make it possible to follow them. The distributing layer 37 is preferably joined respectively with the various elements that form the innermost layer 10, particularly by gluing during the prefabrication of these separating elements.

In accordance with fig. 1 and 2, each plug 16 is of cellular material which closes the bore for placing the nut 15 on a bolt 7 for fixing the main "sandwich" plate 6, covered on the inner side ay with a plug 38 projecting laterally and preferably having mainly same material composition as the innermost layer 10, of which these plugs 38 form an integral part. Each plug 38 thus comprises, from the outside and inwards, a part of a secondary barrier 39 formed by a plate or foil of wood veneer or rigid synthetic material, a block 40 glued to said plate and of the same material as the layer 10 (i.e. mainly of balsa wood in the case of vLst in Fig. 1 and of cellular material in the case of Fig. 2), as well as possibly a layer or distributor plate 41 which is relatively rigid and glued to the block 40 in the case shown in Fig. 2 where this block is of cellular material. Each plug 38 is most advantageously glued with its secondary barrier part 39 to the secondary barrier 14 which constitutes the internal coating of each main 'sandwich' plate 6. Each plug or closing part 40 is thus pre-galvanized in the layer 10 in plane with the inner surface and at least one joint plane or space 42 between each plug 38, and the surrounding layer 10 is most advantageously located under a wave 29 in the primary barrier 11>, while in the case shown in Fig. 2 the distributing layer 37 is interrupted around each plug 38 as that a circumferential space 43 remains between the layer 37 and the plug

gen's plate 41.

The designs respectively in fig. 3 and 4 use an intermediate impermeable wall or secondary barrier 25 which is flexible or soft and forms a membrane at a distance from the primary barrier 11. An intermediate heat-insulating material with several layers mainly fills the spaces delimited respectively between the outer wall 1, the inner wall or the primary barrier 11 and the intermediate wall or secondary barrier 25 and can transfer loads from said inner wall to said outer wall, this heat-insulating intermediate material comprising at least one innermost separating layer 26 inserted between the two barriers, respectively the primary barrier 11 and the secondary barrier 25 which is applied against the separating layer 26 and carried by this.

This separating layer 26 consists either of wood veneer or of balsa as in fig. 3, or of a synthetic rigid foam material such as e.g. PVC as in fig. 4, while the part of the aforementioned heat-insulating material which is located between the walls, respectively the intermediate wall 25 and the outer wall 1, consists of a mass of synthetic foam material 5 injected into and optionally glued to the outer wall 1 under an intermediate layer possibly of one layer of joined or until plates lying on top of each other. 27 of synthetic foam, possibly stiffeners between the aforementioned mass of synthetic material 5 and the secondary barrier 25.

The primary barrier 11 can be formed from a thin plate, e.g. of stainless steel which is mainly smooth or flat, but according to the embodiments shown respectively in fig. 1 -~ 3, it can also, as already indicated, consist of a plate with waves, embossing, ribs or folds and then has at least a number of separate and mainly parallel waves which project only on the inner side. According to the example of fig. 3, the separating layer 26 consists of elements that form plates, blocks or similar tiles with the ends or edges facing each other or parallel to the aforementioned waves, the elements being separated from each other and with such dimensions that each dividing space 28 between two adjacent elements will be mainly directly opposite a wave 29 in the primary barrier, i.e. behind or below this and extend along the same.

Each separating space 28 can form a space which remains empty as in fig. 3 (in a manner similar to Figs. 1 and 2) or also be filled with a sealing gasket 30 of soft, cellular material, such as e.g. polyurethane as shown in fig. 4..

The secondary barrier 25 can be formed from a thin plate, e.g. of stainless steel which may be either grooved or substantially planar or wavy, provided with embossments, ribs or folded with at least a number of mutually spaced waves 31 which are substantially parallel and project only on the outer side as shown in fig. 3. in the latter case, the waves 31 in the secondary barrier 35 are preferably mainly parallel to the waves 29 which are arranged in the primary barrier 11 and have the same mutual distance (wavelength), i.e. the same distribution step as the latter and are located respectively each mainly directly across from a corresponding wave 29' in the primary barrier ^11.

Each primary barrier 11 and/or secondary barrier 25 can advantageously comprise two parallel rows of waves, each wave in a row crossing essentially at right angles all the waves in the other row. The use of a separating layer 26 in the embodiments of fig. 3 or 4, where the separate blocks of rigid, insulating material are delimited according to the steps of the waves in mutually perpendicular directions in the extent of the waves, have the advantage that thanks to the great freedom of contraction for these blocks, the thermal stresses in the insulation as well as the resulting forces from the frame mainly suppressed.

According to the one in fig. 4 embodiment, the secondary barrier 25 can be formed from a foil such as is mainly smooth or flat and of synthetic preferably pre-impregnated material, e.g. of an artificial resin such as an epoxy resin or ethoxylene, possibly reinforced or reinforced with glass fibers and glued to the injected synthetic foam material 5.

The two barriers, respectively the primary barrier 11 and the secondary barrier 25, are advantageously interconnected at separate specific points across the separating layer 26 by means of fastening means, e.g. metallic, each comprising a rod or pin 32 which is relatively thin (e.g. with a diameter of 2 to 4mm) attached to the inner side of the secondary barrier 25 possibly by means of a bottom plate 33 firmly connected to one end of the rod 32 This fastening of each rod or spike 32 can be carried out either by welding when the secondary barrier 25 is made of metal as in the case of fig. 3 or by gluing when the secondary barrier 25 is of a synthetic material as in the case of fig. 4. The "free or opposite end of each rod 32 engages with a locking or clamping part 34 which is fixed immovably, for example by welding to the outside of the metallic primary barrier 11. Each part 34 preferably consists of" an up- cup-shaped hanging member attached by means of its peripheral skirt edge, and where the bottom wall is pierced by a hole with bent edges folded partially inward into the cup under the formation of elastic tongues which unite to collapse or clamp the rod 32 which is forcefully inserted into said drilling as shown in fig. 3 and 4.

The secondary barrier 25 can be connected in the same way to the outer wall 1, especially when the secondary barrier is made of metal, as in the case of fig. 3 which shows the thin metallic tips or rods 35 passed through the intermediate heat-insulating material 5, 27 and possibly in line with the rods for mutual attachment of the barriers respectively the primary 11 and secondary 25/ i.e. respectively with the rods 32. The metallic rods or tips 35 is immovably fixed at separate points, e.g. by welding, to the inner side of the outer wall 1 with one end of said relatively thin rod, while the opposite end engages with a locking or clamping part 36, preferably in the form of a cup attached by welding or gluing with the edge of its circumferential skirt to the outer side of the secondary barrier 25 and which in its bottom wall has a bore with bent edges. into the cup to form resilient tongues which are guided towards each other to collapse and grip the rod 34 which is forcefully inserted into this bore.

This way of attaching the primary barrier 11 and/or the secondary barrier 25 has the advantage of a greater ease in the assembly of each barrier which is thus fixed immovably by a single pressure applied manually and completed by the force of the pressure exerted by the contents of the container or cargo during the first use of the container. Among other things, thanks to the fact that each of the aforementioned thin tips or rods 32, 35 can slide with force, i.e. in such a way that it is wedged by friction present in the aforementioned elastic tongues in the associated clamping cup 34, 36 there are no supporting tips that are hard or very strong against compression at the point of attachment to each tip 32, 35, in that each barrier 11, 25 thus has the possibility of yielding in relation to the pressure in a direction mainly vertical or perpendicular to its surface.

As regards the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the use of a secondary barrier 25 of pre-impregnated synthetic material (not yet polymerized with subsequent polymerization under heat and pressure) will offer the advantage of eliminating all the welding operations associated with the use of metallic plates, which welding operations are then replaced of a simple glue-bing with epoxy or similar.

The procedure for constructing the designs respectively according to fig. 3 and 4 include operations which consist of attaching e.g. by welding the clamping cups 34 against the outside of the primary barrier 11; fasten the metallic fastening points 32

to the inside of the secondary barrier 25; to place by injection and subsequent expansion the synthetic foam material 5 or 5, 27 against the outer wall 1; connecting the secondary barrier 25 to the synthetic foam; to attach the blocks in the separating layer 26 to or against the secondary barrier 25 at a distance from each other, in particular by "spiking" on the metallic tips 32; and to place the primary barrier 11 by fixing it with the help of its clamping cups on the aforementioned tips 32 and against the blocks 26.

In the case that is particularly shown in fig. 3, and before the placement of the secondary barrier 25, a layer of plates 27 of stiffer synthetic foam is attached to the injected foam material 5, on which layer the aforementioned secondary barrier 25 is then placed. In this embodiment and before the placement of the synthetic foam material 5, you attach e.g. by welding the thin, metallic tips 35 to the inner side of the outer wall 1 which is especially made of metal and the clamping cups 36 to the outer side of the secondary barrier 25. This secondary barrier

25 is attached, then to the tips 35 using the clamping cups 36, either after injection of the synthetic foam material 5, 27

or before this injection, in which case the secondary barrier then serves as a cover wall for delimiting the injection mold•

You can also before injection of the synthetic foam material

5, 27 form the aforementioned injection mold by attaching a form plate at a certain distance from the outer wall 1 to form a removable cover plate attached to the metal spikes 35 and possibly also to small auxiliary bolts which are attached in advance particularly by welding to the outer wall 1, after which mari makes injection of the synthetic

tic foam material 5, 27 in the form thus formed;

The synthetic foam material 5 can optionally be glued to the inside of the outer wall 1.

In the case shown in fig. 1 or 2,

if the wooden layer 10 is replaced by a layer of synthetic material, e.g.

of PVC, an internal wood veneer sheet must be sandwiched between the primary barrier 11 and the layer 10 of synthetic material.

Fig. 5 to 9 show another embodiment of the construction

nen of the container's tight, heat-insulating wall. This wall comprises, in order from outside to inside: the self-supporting outer wall 1, particularly of metal; an intermediate padding 5 of heat-insulating material which can transfer pressure loads and comprises the very outermost filling layer formed by a heat-impermeable packing material particularly injected and which forms an essentially continuous layer and preferably binds to the outer wall 1,

a middle layer or a plate 6 which is heat-insulating and specially composed or layered closely together and formed e.g. each of three layers of cellular material such as PVC or polyurethane superimposed and glued, this middle layer being placed on the outermost layer 5 and attached to the outer wall 1 by means of bolts 7, a secondary sealing barrier 14 and an innermost or separating layer consisting of a surface of support plates placed next to each other, e.g. on the basis of cellular material such as PVC and separated by spaces; as well as the metallic sealing primary barrier 11 of thin corrugated sheet, comprising preferably two mutually perpendicular, intersecting, parallel and mutually separated waves 29 projecting on the

inner open side and extends over the spaces that follow

them. Separating spaces 44 exist respectively between the main plates 6 which lie successively next to each other,

and the spaces between the support plates and the innermost layer 10 which in placement correspond mainly to those arranged between the main plates 6, while each space between two adjacent main plates is covered internally by a cover joint band 45 which is fitted or embedded at least between two adjacent support plates in the layer 10 in plane with the surface thereof, pg while maintaining a space 28 between each of them and said cover joint Uand 45. In each joint of four main plates 6 that abut each other, the crossing zone of the spaces 44 between them is covered internally by a plug 46 which e.g. is square or rectangular and recessed or inserted at least between the respective ends of the four deck splice strips 45 which terminate flush with the surface while maintaining a space 28 between the plug 46 and each deck splice strip 45. Each deck splice strip 45 and each plug 46 has essentially the same composition as the surrounding layers and respectively includes a part of the secondary barrier 47 which thereby restores the connection with the secondary barrier 14.

Each support plate in the innermost layer 10 comprises

two rows of perpendicularly intersecting parallel slits 28 spaced apart and extending e.g. in the longitudinal and transverse direction and passes through at least one or the essential part of the plate's thickness and opens or opens out on its inner side during the formation of a right-angled network of slits, while at least each cover splice band 45 comprises such transverse slits preferably in line, respectively with the corresponding slots in the support plates 10. Each slot and possibly each space 28

in the very innermost layer 10 respectively extends under a wave 29 in the primary barrier .11.

Each support plate in the innermost layer 10 is e.g.

of cell-shaped material which is covered on the inside by a relatively rigid cover plate 37, e.g. of wood veneer and each slot 28

in a support plate in the layer 10 consists of a mainly rectilinear joint produced in particular by means of an incision, e.g. by sawing or with similar cutting tools during pre-production

of the plate, as this incision naturally extends through the wood veneer plate 37.

Each main plate 6 is glued to the outermost layer

5 while the secondary barrier 14, 47 is glued to the main plate

6 and the support plates in the innermost layer 10 are glued to the secondary barrier 14 on the main plates 6. Each cover joint band 45 and each plug 46 is respectively glued with its part of the actual secondary barrier 47 to the secondary barrier 14 which is glued to the main plate 6, while each distribution plate 37 covers the support plates in the innermost layer 10 and is glued to the inside of these to be in direct contact with the primary barrier 11.

As particularly shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 9, the adjacent edges of the two main plates 6 lying close to each other comprise each on the inner side a foil which forms a projecting edge or ledge 48 which delimits a joint with the adjacent foil 48 in the adjacent main panel 6 and the support plate in the innermost layer 10, under cover of each main plate 6, and is pulled back in relation to the supporting edge of the associated foil 48 by thus forming another ledge 49, so that together with the nearest support plate, a joint is formed with at least two ledges 48, 49 into which one of the aforementioned supported deck joint strips 45 with a shape that interacts with the joint with ledges is fitted. Each cover joint tape 45 thus comprises an inner layer 50 with essentially the same thickness as the support plates in the layer 10 and formed e.g. of cellular material, possibly internally coated with a rigid distributor plate 37, in particular of wood veneer, while the outer coating is formed from part of the aforementioned secondary barrier, the layers 37 and 47 being glued respectively to the opposite sides of the inner layer 50. Each tire splice tape 45 also comprises an outer layer 51 e.g. of cellular material essentially of the same thickness as the depth of the said folds 48 and preferably glued to the part of the secondary barrier 47. The transverse dimension of each cover joint tape is smaller than that of the corresponding joint 48, 49 with ledges forming its reception, in order to forming the circumferential spaces 28 and each cover joint band 45 is glued firstly with its protruding edge of the part of the secondary barrier 47 to the secondary barrier 14 therein on the main plates 6 and secondly with the bottom of its outer layer 51 to the bottom of the joint which formed by the rebates.48 which are on either side of the space 44 between two adjacent main plates 6.

In each joint for four adjacent main plates 6, the aforementioned folds or ledges 48, 49 form a bowl 52 (see fig. 5, 8 and 9) and the corresponding end of each mentioned cover joint band 45 stops in line with the support plate for the innermost layer 10, but allows the end of its part of the secondary barrier 47 to protrude beyond the attachment to the shoulder edge of the bowl 52 along a trapezoidal and preferably substantially isosceles tongue 53 which on two sides abuts against corresponding tongues 53 on the adjacent deck joint strips 45 along joints in respective incisions. The associated plug 46 has the same composition, width and thickness as the cover joint tape 45 and with a shape that cooperates with the shape of the recess or bowl 52, but with smaller dimensions in the longitudinal and transverse directions than the dimensions of this bowl in order to be embedded in the same with a circumferential clearance . Each plug 46 thus comprises an innermost layer 54, possibly internally coated with a relatively rigid distribution plate, e.g. of wood veneer and denoted by 37, the portion of the secondary barrier 47 and an outer layer 55 retracted around the peripheral edge relative to the outer layer 54 to define a laterally projecting peripheral edge on which the plug 46 rests towards the bottom of the bowl 52. Each plug 46 is glued firstly with its protruding edge of the part of the secondary barrier 47 to the frame formed by the trapezoidal tongues 53, and secondly with its outermost bottom to the bottom of the bowl 52 on each side of the cut of the spaces 44 that separate the four adjacent main plates 6.

As a variant, each trapezoidal tongue 53 may be replaced by a rectangular tongue, in which case two aligned cover splice strips 4\5 located respectively on each side of the cup 52 must be respectively pulled back in the opposite direction to an extent corresponding to the length of the tongue (parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tire joint tape) to abut against the long sides of the tongues of the other tire joint tapes 45 which lie in a direction perpendicular to the first two. Thus, the cup 52 and consequently the plug 46 will be rectangular in shape instead of being

square.. ,

As shown in particular in fig. 6 includes each fastening bolt for the main plate 6, e.g. two parts respectively an externally threaded handle 7 and an internally threaded female 15 (which forms a nut) P which are screwed together, one being immovably fixed to the outer wall 1 and the other being detachable and comprising a head. In fig. 6, the handle 7 is thus welded to the outer wall 1, while the female part 15 with a hollow shape is formed by a tubular nut or plunger piston with a head. Each bolt extends through the space 44 which separates two adjacent main plates 6 in order to support with its head 15 simultaneously against the projecting edges formed by two respective rebates 48, preferably by means of an inserted disk or support plate 56 which projects outwards on each side of the two rebates 48. Such a bolt 7, 15 is preferably also arranged in each crossing point 57 (see fig. 5) for the spaces 4 respectively between four adjacent main plates 6 with a disc or support plate 56 which protrudes on each side of the four adjacent corners of the adjacent main plates and each head 15 of the bolt with its disk 56 is located in a cooperating cavity 58 arranged in the outermost side surface 51 or 55 of the tire joint tape 45 or the corresponding plug 46 and filled preferably with glass wool or stone wool.

In order to prevent an inadmissible flattening or a too strong compression of the outermost layer or packing material 6 (if this is easily deformable) by means of the middle layers of heat-insulating main plates 6, each fixing bolt 7 most advantageously carries a support stop 7a which is adjustable on the bolt

and takes up the support from a main plate 6, whose relative position can thus be set selectively by means of the displaceable stop 7a. Each stop 7a is preferably formed by a plate or disc with a through central bore provided with threads and which is screwed onto a correspondingly threaded part of the associated bolt 7. Each plate has a sufficient size to extend laterally behind the adjacent plates 6 to thus serve as a common support stop for at least two or a larger number of adjacent plates. Each plate 6 is thus set in position in relation to its distance from the outer wall 1 by means of

the stops 7a and are then fixed by tightening against these stops

with the nuts 15 (see fig. 6).

According to an embodiment shown on the right side of

fig..7. can the continuous surface or layer of packing material especially in mass form which forms the outermost

layer 5 e.g. of epoxy resin/Be replaced by an equivalent layer of small tiles, e.g. rectangular or square and denoted by 5', of a cell-shaped material which is less expensive than the packing material 5 and placed next to each other and joined so that the entire outer wall 1 is covered or lined. These tiles 5' are most advantageously glued directly to the outer wall 1 and form an absorbent layer or a layer for compensating unevenness, deviations or defects in the surface of this wall. For this purpose, the inner side of this layer of tiles 5' is leveled or machined flat by planing with an automatic machine and the main plates 6 are possibly glued to this layer of tiles 5<1> before they are fixed with the help of the bolts 7.

Each space 44 for separating two adjacent main plates 6 under a cover joint tape 45 or a plug 46 is closed on the side facing the outermost layer 5, by means of a closing plug 59 (see fig. '7.), e.g. e.g. of a cellular material and is preferably filled with glass wool or rock wool.

Fig. 10 is an embodiment variant of the connection of a main plate 6 with two main plates 6 placed respectively on each side of the former. According to this variant, each main plate 6 on each pair of opposite side edges includes two mutually opposite folds 60, 61, i.e. one fold 60 on the outer side and the other fold 61 on the inner side, which are respectively oriented in this way towards two opposite sides and of which each is overlapped with the co-operating inverted corresponding fold 1 on the adjacent main plate 6 and preferably leaves a space between the end of the tongue bounded by each fold on a main plate and the corresponding abutment on the adjacent main plate. Two adjacent main plates are thus joined by means of a connection with rebates and each of the aforementioned spaces on the inner side is covered by a cover joint tape 62 of the same material composition as a support plate for the innermost layer 10 in that it is coated on the outer side with a part of the secondary barrier 47 and possibly on the inner side with a rigid distribution plate, e.g. of wood veneer and denoted by 37. Each of these deck joint strips 62 is fitted with circumferential clearance 2B on two sides between two adjacent support plates in the innermost layer 10, each of which is retracted in relation to the corresponding main plates 6 in that they lie flush with the surface arranged according to these cover joint/bands 62. Each plate 10 at the back thus reveals a corresponding edge of the tongue which is delimited by the seam 61 and each cover joint band 62 thus rests on two such edges facing each other on each side of said space. Each cover joint tape 62 is preferably glued with its part of the actual secondary barrier 46 to the secondary barrier 14 on the adjacent main plates 6 so as to establish the continuity of the secondary sealing barrier.

As shown in fig. 10, each edge tongue on the main plate 6, and which is formed by one of said folds 60 located on the outside, is pierced by several separate fixing bolts 7, on the free projecting end of each of which is screwed a nut 15 which presses against said seam possibly opposite a cut-in washer 56, the free end with its nut and its washer being located in a corresponding cavity 58 in the tongue (bounded by the inverted seam 61 on the inner side) in the adjacent main plate 6. Each cavity 58 is preferably filled with glass wool, stone wool or mineral wool.

In order to generalize the use of the different materials, the secondary barrier 14 is formed of plates or foils either of wood veneer or of synthetic or plastic layered material, while the main plates 6 and/or the support plates 10 are either of balsa wood or of cellular material, such as PVC or polyurethane, and the outermost layer 5 can be of a compact or cellular material, foamed or expanded, homogeneous or heterogeneous, relatively hard or soft, but preferably capable of transmitting the pressures with essentially constant volume.

It has previously been suggested that the primary barrier 11 will be firmly attached to separate anchoring means which connect the primary barrier with the heat-insulating layer of a solid wall. As this is shown respectively in fig. 5 more

7, 11 to 15 and 16, 17, each anchoring member comprises at least

a block, cube or segment 64 carried for attachment and of hard heat-insulating material embedded in the innermost layer 10, preferably extending through this and as far as the secondary barrier 14, to which the block 64 is most advantageously bonded, as well as at least one metallic piece with the open surface substantially planar attached to the block 64 and preferably surrounded by a heat protective shield e.g. of metal which provides a space or a circumferential clearance and in plane with the side aligned with said piece as well as possibly with the inner side of the innermost layer 10. A primary barrier plate 11 is thus locally attached to such an anchoring part, particularly by welding at certain points or by continuous or interrupted weld bead (preferably carried out by electric arc welding) along part of the edge of the plate or by an opening cut in it, the edge overlapping the anchoring part. Each block 64 of hard, heat-insulating material is either wood veneer or thin sheets,

preferably impregnated with synthetic resin, or a composite complex body of fiberglass and synthetic resin. The aforementioned heat protective screen mainly has the task of protecting the block 64 and the innermost layer surrounding it against the heat released during the welding operation for attaching the primary barrier.

Each plate, e.g. rectangular, in the primary barrier 11, is welded firstly along a part or half of its circumference to the said anchoring parts located along said part or half part and secondly along its remaining part or its other half part, preferably along a composition -brittle with overlap with riveting to plates in the adjacent primary barrier under cover of the openings for welding the adjacent plates to the corresponding anchoring parts. For riveted overlaps, the edge of the cover plate is thinned or beveled to the thickness of the adjacent cover plate, so that the primary barrier is completely maintained with a support or abutment surface that is substantially planar or smooth on its exterior, i.e. facing it heat-insulating" layer.

Each of the aforementioned anchoring parts is formed by a metallic button inserted with circumferential clearance into the corresponding bore in a plate, particularly of metal, which forms the aforementioned heat protection screen, the button and the screen plate being inserted into the block 64 and lying flush with this with the surface aligned with the inner side of the innermost layer 10. Each button possibly includes at least one threaded bore

for the temporary attachment of a tool which, by pressing, serves to hold a primary barrier plate to be placed.

In accordance with the embodiments shown respectively in fig. 11, 12 and 13, at least some of the aforementioned buttons are each formed by a small plate or a metal disc 65 which is recessed into a corresponding recess in the block 64 and firmly connected on its back or hidden side with a threaded bolt 66 in the middle which is screwed either immediately into a threaded bore 67 in said block as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 11, or in a plug 68 of metal or plastic provided with threads inside and possibly also outside and led into a cooperating bore in the block 64 as indicated in fig. 12. According to the one in fig. 13 is the variant shown

small metal plate 65 on its outside attached to a hollow or tube-shaped cylinder which is internally provided with threads and denoted by 69, e.g. arranged centrally and which forms a nut which penetrates into the opening 70 in the block 64, and is screwed onto a

screw 71 with a head embedded or recessed in said block,

and which penetrates into the opening on the side opposite the nut. Each small plate 65 may comprise several of said threaded bores, such as 72 (fig. 12). Each small plate 65 is surrounded with clearance by the aforementioned metallic heat protective screen 73 which is likewise folded into the block 64.

It should be noted that for the sake of simplification it is

rigid distribution layers or plate 37, e.g. of wood veneer, not shown in fig. 8, 9, 15, 17, where this layer or this plate is too exposed, made in one piece with the innermost layer 10.

In accordance with the embodiments of fig. 14, 15 and 16, 17 are

at least some of the blocks 64- each composed of two elements arranged in contact with each other comprising an outer element 64 a which forms a base or foot glued to the said . secondary barrier 14, an internal button holder element 64 b attached e.g. by means of screws 74 and possibly also by gluing to the outer element 64 a. In this case, the aforementioned button consists of a bushing or hollow enclosure 75 which comprises a bowl of preferably mainly circular cylindrical shape with a flat bottom and with

outer peripheral edge which protrudes in the radial direction and forms a fastening flange 76, this button being embedded in a co-operating bore passed through the inner block element 64b so that its flat bottom is level with the surface aligned with the inner side of the inner element 64b. The mentioned bore in the inner element 64b advantageously includes an extension 77 on the outside for receiving flange

then 7 6 on the button. The innermost protruding part of the button 75 on the same side as its flat bottom is as in fig. 11 to 13,

surrounded by a metal plate 73 which forms a heat shield and through which a central bore 78 is arranged for passing through the innermost part of a flat bottom of the button 75 by means of a radial circumferential clearance around the whole of this. This plate shield 78

"is occupied in a recess or depression 79 in the inner side of the block 64 so that it is flush with the surface which is ret-

sealed with this inner side and the open side of the flat bottom of the button.

The bowl in each button 75 is most advantageously closed by means of

. of a cover 80 which is folded into the bowl, while the extension 77 i

the aforementioned button-bearing element 64b is preferably filled with a resin or a similar sealing material which covers the cover, and in which the flange 76 of the bowl 75 is enveloped.

seal 80 constitutes a saving device for resin because it makes it possible to reduce the required amount of resin in space-77

by preventing the resin from penetrating into the inner cavity in the bowl 75. This inner cavity in the bowl 75 is optionally filled with glass wool or mineral wool 81. Each screen plate 73 can be attached to its block 64 (e.g. with a rectangular or square parallelepiped shape) particularly near each corner thereof, by means of a metal tip 82 connected to the plate 73,

and field into the block 64. Each tip 82 can e.g. be in one

piece with the plate 73 except that it is formed by an incision or a notch arranged obliquely in the metal in the plate 73, the tip thus freed then being bent mainly at right angles to the plate 73.

The designs in fig. 11 to 15 are particularly intended for fixing a plate in a primary barrier 11, so that the button 65 or 75 and its associated screen plate 73 are embedded

in the block 64, so that it lies flush with the surface and with the inner side 83 of the innermost layer 10. In this case, the button 65 or 75 comprises several threaded bores 72, e.g. on

line and in a number of three in the flat bottom of the button 75 in fig. 14 and 15. In the case of fig. 5, 14 and 15 are the shield plates 73 for the anchoring parts 65 or 75 which e.g. form buttons, most advantageously arranged in rows oriented parallel to two directions perpendicular to each other with waves 29 i'

the primary barrier 11 and each of said screen plates 65 or 73 extend over the entire length of the division of the surface of the smooth wall 83 in the innermost layer 10, delimited between two slots or grooves 28 in succession on the inner side thereof, i.e. from one edge to the other in each successive pair of furrows determined by these slits (see fig. 5). Each row of such screen plates thus forms a kind of interrupted metallic band, i.e. interrupted across its longitudinal direction when passing through each slot 28.

In the connection of the four rectangular plates in the primary barrier, the aforementioned common anchoring part is formed by the square plate 89, likewise spaced or with clearance surrounded by a heat-protective screen whose surface is flush with that of the square plate 89, and which is formed f .ex. of four plates 73' which are particularly made of metal and butt against each other which respectively lie in line with four rows of the aforementioned anchoring means oriented along two directions which cross each other perpendicularly in the center of the square plate 89 as shown in fig.5 . These plate screens 73' are preferably connected to each other

and two along joints with folds or the like 93 by possibly arranging a space between them as shown in fig. 12.

The four plate screens 73' are thus mutually opposite and arranged in pairs in such a way that each extends from the square plate 89 up to the slot or space 28 which delimits the opening in the surface of the entire wall 83, the innermost layer 10 which contains the relevant anchoring means ( see Fig. 5). Each plate 73' can be attached to the innermost layer 10 in the same way as the plates 73, i.e. for example by means of points 82 partially cut out of each plate 73' and bent at right angles to it. As shown in Fig. 22 and 23

each plate 73' is separated from the square plate 89 by a space 94.

Fig. 6 and 7 show in particular the fastening of 4 two adjacent plates in the primary barrier 11 along a welded connection with mutual overlap 95 to an anchoring part 65 (according to one of the designs in Fig. 11 - 13) common to two plates.

Claims (8)

1. Device with fluid-tight and heat-insulating wall construction for a fluid-tight heat-insulated container, comprising a self-supporting and rigid outer wall (l), a fluid-tight primary barrier (11) consisting of a mainly flexible, ~ membrane-like, impermeable inner wall at a distance from the outer wall, and an intermediate heat-insulating structure (10+6, 27+2+5), a fluid-tight secondary barrier (25; 16+9) embedded in the heat-insulating structure, fixing means (7, 15, 32, 33, 34, 35) for fixing the intermediate heat-insulating structure to the inner wall and to the primary barrier, the intermediate heat-insulating structure (10+6+2 +5) and the fastening means are capable of transferring loads from the primary barrier (11) to the outer wall (1), the primary barrier being applied against and supported by the intermediate heat-insulating construction, the inner wall of the primary barrier being made of thin corrugated metal designed with at least one set of separated mainly parallel wave forms (29) projecting inwards only from the inner side, characterized in that the intermediate heat-insulating construction (10+6, 27+2+5) from the inside to the outside comprises (a) a separating layer (ID, 26) of a heat-insulating and load-distributing material selected from the group consisting of balsa wood, veneer and rigid cellular material, - which separating layer (10, 26) is in constant contact with and attached to the fluid-tight secondary barrier (14+9; 25) and comprises at least one set of separate substantially parallel slits (^28) each extending through at least a substantial portion of the thickness of the separating layers and each located mainly at a corrugation (29) of the primary barrier and extending along this corrugation, b) said fluid-tight secondary barrier (14+9; 25) and c) at least one heat insulating layer (6,27+ 2+5). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned slots (28) are filled with a sealing gasket insert (30). 3. Device according to claim 1, c a r a c t e r i n o r T. in that the separating layer consists of supporting panels lying next to each other, the aforementioned slits (28) comprising slits formed by slits arranged between each pair of adjacent supporting panels and slits (fig. IG, 11, 14, 22-31) which extends in the supporting panels through a substantial do 1 of their thickness. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary barrier (14+9;25) is made of thinly corrugated piate material designed with at least one set of separated mainly parallel corrugations (31) which project outwards from the inner side only, 1 i.riet the said corrugations (31) on the secondary barrier are mainly parallel with those (29) in the primary barrier (1J) and each respectively lies directly opposite a corresponding corrugation in the primary barrier. b. Device according to crawl, characterized by the separating layer (K) } is lined on the inside with a load-distributing layer consisting of plates (fig. -37 ) sv a material selected from the group consisting of veneer and rigid synthetic material. 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary barrier and the heat-insulating layer consist of a number of reinforced panels (6,! of at least f- .' approximately rectangular shape, separated from each other by the tet-n inyspukninys inserts \-'-* e> } which bcf inside r suction on the side for the rien outer surface of the vo i-m>j in sa 1 erent layer ocj ariski lier- to- impacting panels, and rigid beaded tire covers (45) located on the side of the secondary barrier to cover; l e: tni ngspakni ngs in the nn sets , each tire being shot cmf at-ter an outer layer (51) of same material as the heat insulator end layer (6; and an inner layer (5uJ) of the same material as the separating layer (1U) and' is wider than the aforementioned outer layer, so that two abutments are formed together with this, as the inner side of the outer layer is mainly in same plane and on iinji, with the inner side of the panels (6) and the inner layer has h h v e d s a k pl i q s a m me t vkx e 1 s -> r> o m d an adsk in 1 i e n d e 1 a g o g e r continuously separated from the outer layer ued help au en part (47) au the secondary barrier (14) which extends sec; towards the abutments and which is in binding relationship with the abutments, the edges (49) au the inner ouerflate au panels being, in binding relationship with the abutments to provide a continuous secondary barrier (14) in combination with the second part (47) and the secondary barrier. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the outer (50) and the cover joint (45) comprise a load-distributing liner consisting of plates (37) and a material selected from the group consisting of veneers and rigid synthetic materials. 8. Device according to claim 1, characterized by fastening means which fasten the secondary barrier (14) to the primary barrier (11) in separated separate points through the separating layer (10), each fastening means comprising a heat-insulating block (64) which holds the fastening means and extends through the entire thickness of the separating layer and is in binding relationship with the secondary barrier over the entire area which is common to said block and the secondary•barrier, and a metallic element (65) welded to the primary barrier and rigidly connected to the block (64) which holds the fasteners, this heat-insulating block being protected on the side where the primary barrier is located by a heat barrier. protection eil screen (73), (fig. 15).