NO138433B - BANDAGE CONSISTING OF A MULTI-LAYER ABSORBING MATERIAL - Google Patents
BANDAGE CONSISTING OF A MULTI-LAYER ABSORBING MATERIAL Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO138433B NO138433B NO741721A NO741721A NO138433B NO 138433 B NO138433 B NO 138433B NO 741721 A NO741721 A NO 741721A NO 741721 A NO741721 A NO 741721A NO 138433 B NO138433 B NO 138433B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- solution
- polishing
- polishing bath
- purity
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 10
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000171897 Acacia nilotica subsp nilotica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].F LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/44—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with radio-opaque material or signalling means for residual material
-
- A61F13/01034—
-
- A61F13/01042—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00544—Plasters form or structure
- A61F2013/00604—Multilayer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
- A61F2013/00731—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads
- A61F2013/00744—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads containing non-woven
Abstract
Bandasje bestående av et flerlags absorberende materiale.Bandage consisting of a multilayer absorbent material.
Description
Poleringsbad for frembringelse av høy glinsende overflater på gjenstander av aluminium og dets legeringer og fremgangsmåte til regenerering av dette Polishing bath for producing high-gloss surfaces on objects made of aluminum and its alloys and method for regenerating this
poleringsbad. polishing bath.
I de tyske patenter nr. 835 821 og In the German patents No. 835,821 and
844 388 er det beskrevet en kjemisk fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av høyglinsende 844 388, a chemical method for the production of high gloss is described
overflater på aluminium eller alumlniums-legeringer. Poleringsbadet består av en surfaces on aluminum or aluminum alloys. The polishing bath consists of a
vandig oppløsning som inneholder hydro-gen-, ammonium-, nitrat- og fluorioner, aqueous solution containing hydrogen, ammonium, nitrate and fluoride ions,
idet forholdet mellom fluorioner og ammo-niumioner velges således at det kan dan-nes ammoniumhydrogen-fluorid. Badets with the ratio between fluoride ions and ammonium ions being chosen so that ammonium hydrogen fluoride can be formed. The bathroom
poleringsvirkning lar seg øke ved et innhold av mindre mengder blyioner. Det ble polishing effect can be increased with a content of smaller amounts of lead ions. It was
spesielt anerkjent som egnet for behandling av reneste aluminium og dets legeringer et bad med 10—15, fortrinnsvis 13, particularly recognized as suitable for processing the purest aluminum and its alloys a bath with 10-15, preferably 13,
vektsprosent salpetersyre, og 10—20, fortrinnsvis 16, vektsprosent ammondumhy-drogenfluorid, samt med et innhold av weight percent nitric acid, and 10-20, preferably 16, weight percent ammondum hydrogen fluoride, as well as with a content of
0,005—0,05 vektsprosent bly, sistnevnte i 0.005—0.05 weight percent lead, the latter i
form av oppløselige salter, fortrinnsvis i form of soluble salts, preferably i
form av dets nitrat. form of its nitrate.
Ifølge tysk patent nr. 930 966 blir under samtidig økning av det behandlede arbeidsstykkets evne til å holde mål pole-ringseffekten av det ovenfor angitte bad dessuten forbedret ved behandling av reneste aluminium og dets homogene magne-siumlegerlnger, når det til dette bad set-tes 0,5—2 pst., fortrinnsvis 1 pst., gummi According to German patent no. 930 966, while at the same time increasing the ability of the treated workpiece to keep the target, the polishing effect of the above-mentioned bath is also improved by treating the purest aluminum and its homogeneous magnesium alloys, when added to this bath 0.5-2 per cent, preferably 1 per cent, rubber
arabicum og/eller dextoin. arabicum and/or dextoin.
Teknikkens bestrebelser søker å kom-me bort fra anvendelsen av reneste aluminium og reneste aluminiumlegeringer ved The technology's endeavors seek to move away from the use of the purest aluminum and purest aluminum alloys by
bestående muligheter, og også på pole-ringssektoren derfor å anvende et aluminium av mindre renhet enn reneste alu- existing possibilities, and therefore also in the polishing sector to use an aluminum of lower purity than the purest alu-
minium eller de glanselokserbare legeringer av en slik aluminiumskvalitet, hvis det med disse arbeidsstoffer kan oppnåes til-nærmet like god glatting og polering som ved reneste aluminium og dets legeringer. Av spesiell interesse er i denne forbindelse aluminiumkvaliteber med en rerihetsgrad på 99,95 pst. og mindre, spesielt med en renhetsgrad på 99,8—99,95 pst. minium or the bright anodized alloys of such an aluminum quality, if with these working materials it is possible to achieve almost as good smoothing and polishing as with the purest aluminum and its alloys. Of particular interest in this connection are aluminum grades with a degree of purity of 99.95 per cent and less, especially with a degree of purity of 99.8-99.95 per cent.
Det har vist seg at glansen på de angitte aluminiumsarbeidsstoffer av mindre renhetsgrad i det for reneste aluminium eller dets legeringer kjente gunstigste område av det beskrevne poleringsbad blir betraktelig mindre enn på aluminiumsrå-stoffer av reneste kvalitet. Oppfinnelsen vedrører nå et poleringsbad hvormed det på gjenstander av aluminium med renhetsgrad på 99,95 pst. og mindre, spesielt med renhetsgrad på 99,8—99,95 pst. eller dets glanselokserbare legeringer, kan frem-bringes høyglinsende overflater. Dette poleringsbad for hvilket det blir anvendt sure oppløsninger som inneholder hydro-gen-, ammonium-, nitrat-, fluor- og blyioner såvel som gummi arabicum, er karakterisert ved et innhold på 100—160 cm3 54 pst.-ig salpetersyre, 25—40 cm3 70 pst.-ig flussyre, oppfylt med vann til 1 liter oppløsning såvel som en ytterligere tilsetning til 1 liter av denne oppløsning av 40—70 g blyfritt ammoniumfluorid, 0,2—• 0,6 g blynitrat eller en med hensyn til bly-innholdet ekvivalent mengde av eit annet vannoppløselig blysalt og 5—100 g gummi arabicum. Således er det eksempelvis også aktuelt med blyacetat som slikt vannopp-løselig blysalt enskjønt blynitrat foretrek-kes fremfor dette. Istedenfor gummi arabicum kan det også anvendes andre vis-kosiitetsøkeinde stoffer som dextrin, agar-agar og lignende. It has been shown that the gloss of the specified aluminum workpieces of a lower degree of purity in the most favorable area of the described polishing bath, known for the purest aluminum or its alloys, is considerably less than on aluminum raw materials of the purest quality. The invention now relates to a polishing bath with which high-gloss surfaces can be produced on objects made of aluminum with a degree of purity of 99.95 per cent and less, especially with a degree of purity of 99.8-99.95 per cent or its gloss-anodisable alloys. This polishing bath, for which acidic solutions containing hydrogen, ammonium, nitrate, fluorine and lead ions as well as gum arabic are used, is characterized by a content of 100-160 cm3 54 per cent nitric acid, 25- 40 cm3 70% hydrofluoric acid, filled with water to 1 liter of solution as well as a further addition to 1 liter of this solution of 40-70 g of lead-free ammonium fluoride, 0.2-• 0.6 g of lead nitrate or one with regard to equivalent amount of another water-soluble lead salt and 5-100 g of gum arabic. Thus, for example, it is also relevant to use lead acetate as such a water-soluble lead salt, although lead nitrate is preferred over this. Instead of gum arabic, other viscosity-increasing substances such as dextrin, agar-agar and the like can also be used.
Det ferdige poleringsbad inneholder således komponentene i følgende konsen-trasj on The finished polishing bath thus contains the components in the following concentration
Spesielt gunstige resultater fåes med et bad som er karakterisert ved et innhold på 135 ems 54 pst.-ig salpetersyre, 33 ems 70 pst.-ig flussyre, resten vann, og ved en ytterligere tilsetning av 50 g blyfri ammoniumfluorid, 0,3 g blynitrat og 30 g gummi arabicum til 1 liter av samme opp-løsning. Particularly favorable results are obtained with a bath characterized by a content of 135 ems 54 per cent nitric acid, 33 ems 70 per cent hydrofluoric acid, the rest water, and by a further addition of 50 g of lead-free ammonium fluoride, 0.3 g lead nitrate and 30 g gum arabic to 1 liter of the same solution.
Det ferdige poleringsbad inneholder således komponentene i følgende konsentrasjon: The finished polishing bath thus contains the components in the following concentration:
Det angitte poleringsbad krever en be-handlingstid av de gjenstander som skal poleres på ca. 40—60 sek. alt etter over-flatetilstanden. Temperaturen skal holdes ved nye bad på 65—75° C og ved eldre bad hensiktsmessig på ca. 85° C. The indicated polishing bath requires a processing time of the objects to be polished of approx. 40-60 sec. depending on the surface condition. The temperature must be kept in new baths at 65-75° C and in older baths appropriately at approx. 85° C.
Poleringsbadet ifølge oppfinnelsen ut-merker seg ved at på aluminiumsarbeids-stykker i det ovenfor angiiitte renhleitsom-råde på spesielt 99,8 til 99,95 pst. eller til-svarende legeringer oppnås poleringsver-dieir som alt etter arbeidsstykkets renhetsgrad kommer nær de poleringsverdier som er oppnåelige ved de kjente poleringsbad på reneste aluminium. Dessuten er poleringsbadet ifølge oppfinnelsen mere konstant med hensyn til dets sammensetning, og er derfor også mere konstant ved minsteytelse enn de hittil kjente bad. The polishing bath according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that, on aluminum workpieces in the above-mentioned purity range of especially 99.8 to 99.95 percent or equivalent alloys, polishing values are achieved which, depending on the degree of purity of the workpiece, come close to the polishing values are obtainable by the known polishing baths on the purest aluminium. Moreover, the polishing bath according to the invention is more constant with respect to its composition, and is therefore also more constant at minimum performance than the previously known baths.
Som ved alle poleringsbad gjør det seg også ved badet ifølge oppfinnelsen merk-bart etter en bestemt brukstid en vis svek-kelse av glanseeffekten. Utslagsgivende for dette er i første rekke de gjennomførte metalloverflater. Dog har også de glansede gjenstanders overflatetilstand en merkbar innvirkning. Det har vist seg at gjennom-snittlig ca. 0,25—0,30 m2 overflate referert til 1 liter ny badeoppløsning kan behandles med godt resultat. As with all polishing baths, with the bath according to the invention, a certain weakening of the gloss effect becomes noticeable after a certain period of use. Decisive for this is primarily the completed metal surfaces. However, the surface condition of the glossy objects also has a noticeable impact. It has been shown that on average approx. 0.25-0.30 m2 of surface referred to 1 liter of new bath solution can be treated with good results.
For opprettholdelse av den optimale po-leringsytelse av poleringsbadet kan dette regenereres på følgende måte: Til regenerering tjener en oppløsning som Inneholder en 70 vektsprosentlig fluss-syre såvel som 5 vektsprosent blynitrat. Denne oppløsning anvendes på følgende måte: Det tilsettes pr. liter poleringsbad-dppløsning hver gang 10—25 cm3, fortrinnsvis 15 ems av denne 70 vektsprosent-holdige flussyre såvel som 1—2 ems, fortrinnsvis 1,6 ems av denne 5 vektsprosent-holdige blynltratoppløsning, nemlig når første gang 0,25—0,30 m2 overflate er blitt behandlet pr. liter av den friske polerings-badoppløsning og senere etter en ytterligere gjennomføring av hver gang 0,15— 0,20 m2 overflate pr. liter poleringsbad-oppløsning. Denne regenerering gjentas inntil det er oppnådd en samlet gjennom-gang på ca. 2 m2 glanset overflate pr. liter pbleringsbadoppløsning. To maintain the optimal polishing performance of the polishing bath, this can be regenerated in the following way: A solution containing a 70% by weight hydrofluoric acid as well as 5% by weight lead nitrate is used for regeneration. This solution is used in the following way: It is added per liters of polishing bath solution each time 10-25 cm3, preferably 15 ems of this 70% by weight hydrofluoric acid as well as 1-2 ems, preferably 1.6 ems of this 5% by weight lead nitrate solution, namely when the first time 0.25-0 ,30 m2 surface has been treated per liter of the fresh polishing bath solution and later after a further completion of each time 0.15-0.20 m2 surface per liter of polishing bath solution. This regeneration is repeated until a total throughput of approx. 2 m2 glossy surface per liter of bubbler bath solution.
Oppfinnelsen faller når det gjelder poleringsbadets sammensetning innenfor beskyttelsesområdet av de angitte tyske patenter nr. 835 821, 844 388 og 930 966 fordi badet ifølge oppfinnelsen likeledes inneholder hydrogenioner, nitrationer, fluorioner og ammonlumioner ved siden av blyioner og en tilsetning av gummi arabicum. Likeledes faller oppfinnelsen når det gjelder poleringsbadets regenerering innenfor beskyttelsesområdet av tysk patent nr. 878 144, da badet også regenereres ved tilsetning av flussyre. Riktignok inneholder oppløsningen ifølge oppfinnelsen til regenerering av poleringsbadet dessuten bly. På tross av den angitte tekikkens stand frembyr oppfinnelsen et uventet fremskritt hvilket ligger deri at det er funnet et spesielt område av de allerede generelt kjente sammensetninger av bad som har nye og ikke ventede fordeler. Bortsett fra den bemerkelsesverdige gode kvalitet av badet ifølge oppfinnelsen og spesielt sammensetning for poleringsbe-handling av aluminium av mindre renhet, hår dette bad dessuten i forhold til de kjente bad hvor det kan poleres med godt resultat reneste aluminium og dets legeringer, følgende ytterligere fordeler: 1. Badet er ikke følsomt overfor en økning av en tilsetntoig av gummi arabicum, således at den gunstigste innvirkning ay denne tilsetning kan utnyttes helt. Ved dé kjente bad er dette nemlig ikke mulig fordi her ved høyere tilsetninger av gummi arabicum trekker det seg opp på de po-lerte overflater et uregelmessig blått slør. Den derfor mengdemessig begrensede an-vendbarhet av gummi .ariabicum sto imid-lertid den omstendighet imot at nettopp høye tilsetninger av dette stoff ved aluminium av mindre renhetsgrad er nødvendig for å undertrykke badets etsende virkning. 2. Kapasiteten av badet ifølge oppfinnelsen er dobbelt så stor som kapasiteten av de kjente bad. Ifølge tysk patent nr. 878 144 er nemlig produksjonen begrenset til 1 m2 samlet gjennomføring/ltr., mens badet ifølge oppfinnelsen tillater en dobbelt så stor gjennomføring, nemlig 2 m2 overflate pr. liter bad, og det sogar dessuten ved anvendelse av badet på aluminium av lavere kvalitet. The invention falls in terms of the composition of the polishing bath within the protection area of the specified German patents no. 835 821, 844 388 and 930 966 because the bath according to the invention also contains hydrogen ions, nitrate ions, fluoride ions and ammonium ions in addition to lead ions and an addition of gum arabic. Likewise, the invention, when it comes to the polishing bath's regeneration, falls within the protection area of German patent no. 878 144, as the bath is also regenerated by the addition of hydrofluoric acid. Admittedly, the solution according to the invention for regenerating the polishing bath also contains lead. Despite the stated state of the art, the invention offers an unexpected advance which lies in the fact that a special area of the already generally known compositions of baths has been found which has new and unexpected advantages. Apart from the remarkably good quality of the bath according to the invention and especially the composition for the polishing treatment of aluminum of lower purity, this bath also has, compared to the known baths where the purest aluminum and its alloys can be polished with good results, the following additional advantages: 1. The bath is not sensitive to an increase in an additive of gum arabic, so that the most beneficial effect of this addition can be fully utilized. With the known baths, this is not possible because here, with higher additions of gum arabic, an irregular blue veil appears on the polished surfaces. The therefore quantitatively limited applicability of gum .ariabicum was, however, opposed by the circumstance that precisely high additions of this substance with aluminum of a lower degree of purity are necessary to suppress the corrosive effect of the bath. 2. The capacity of the bath according to the invention is twice as large as the capacity of the known baths. According to German patent no. 878 144, the production is limited to 1 m2 total penetration/ltr., while the bathroom according to the invention allows a twice as large penetration, namely 2 m2 surface per liter bath, and that is even more so when using the bath on aluminum of a lower quality.
Ved regenererlngsoppløsningen iføl-ge oppfinnelsen bevirkes en konstanthol-ding av den optimale poleringseffekt ved styring av blyioneinnholdet i det for badet ifølge oppfinnelsen nødvendige område. I tilfelle av overflatebehandling av de mere urene aluminiumkvaliteter virker forøvrig uunngåelig varierende innhold av blyioner i betraktelig sterkere, sogar visuell er-kjennbar grad enn det som er tilfelle ved behandling av reneste aluminium og dets legeringer. With the regeneration solution according to the invention, a constant maintenance of the optimal polishing effect is effected by controlling the lead ion content in the area required for the bath according to the invention. In the case of surface treatment of the more impure aluminum qualities, the inevitably varying content of lead ions appears to a considerably stronger, even visually perceptible degree than is the case when treating the purest aluminum and its alloys.
De fremskritt som fremkommer ved badet ifølge oppfinnelsen skal nærmere belyses ved de refleksjonsverdier som fåes ved behandling av aluminiumprøver av for-skjellig kvalitet. The advances that appear in the bath according to the invention are to be explained in more detail by the reflection values that are obtained when aluminum samples of different quality are treated.
Eksempler la—- 4a. Examples la—- 4a.
Prøveblikk av aluminium med den nedenfor nærmere angitte renhetsgrad ble Sample tin of aluminum with the degree of purity specified below was
etter vanlig avfetting behandlet i 20 sek. ved 65° C i et bad som inneholdt 135 cm3 salpetersyre (45 pst.-ig), 33 cm« flussyre (70 pst.-dg) oppfylt med vann til 1 liter, og hvortil det videre var satt 50 g blyfritt ammoniumfluorid, 0,3 g blynitrat, 30 g Gummi arabicum. Det ferdige poleringsbad inneholdt komponentene i følgende konsentrasjon: after normal degreasing treated for 20 sec. at 65° C in a bath containing 135 cm3 of nitric acid (45 per cent), 33 cm3 of hydrofluoric acid (70 per cent) filled with water to 1 litre, and to which was also added 50 g of lead-free ammonium fluoride, 0 ,3 g lead nitrate, 30 g Gum arabic. The finished polishing bath contained the components in the following concentration:
Deretter ble prøvene spylt med vann, dyppet i 30 pst.-ig salpetersyre i 2 min, ved værelsestemperatur, igjen spylt i vann og deretter utstyrt på kjent måte med et 5|^ tykt anodisk frembragt beskyttelseslag. The samples were then rinsed with water, dipped in 30% nitric acid for 2 minutes, at room temperature, again rinsed in water and then equipped in a known manner with a 5 µm thick anodically produced protective layer.
Eksempel lb— 5b. Example lb— 5b.
Sammenligningsmessig ble aluminium-prøveblikk av de nedenfor angitte kvalite-ter etter avfettingen behandlet i 20 sek. i et poleringsbad ved 50° C som . inneholdt 16 vektsprosent ammonlumhydrogenfluo-rid, 13 vektsprosent salpetersyre og pr. liter oppløsning 0,018 vektsprosent bly, såvel som en tilsetning av 1 vektspst. gummi arabicum. Den videre opparbeidning av prøvene med etterfølgende påføring av ok-sydlaget som beskyttelseslag var det samme som angitt for eksemplene la—4a. In terms of comparison, aluminum test tins of the qualities listed below were treated for 20 seconds after degreasing. in a polishing bath at 50° C as . contained 16% by weight ammonium hydrogen fluoride, 13% by weight nitric acid and per liter of solution 0.018 wt.% lead, as well as an addition of 1 wt. gum arabic. The further processing of the samples with the subsequent application of the ok-syd layer as a protective layer was the same as indicated for examples la-4a.
Målingen av den rettede refleksjon ga følgende verdier: The measurement of the directed reflection gave the following values:
Av de ovenfor angitte refleksj onsver- av mindre renhetsgrad og dets legeringer dier sees at poleringsbadet ifølge oppfin- førte til poleringseffekter hvorfor de frem-nelsen ved dets anvendelse for aluminium komne refleksjonsverdier praktisk talt er lik de effekter som fåes for reneste aluminium ved behandling av disse prøver From the above-mentioned reflectances of lower purity and its alloys, it can be seen that the polishing bath according to the invention led to polishing effects, which is why the reflection values produced by its application for aluminum are practically the same as the effects obtained for the purest aluminum when treating these samples
ifølge teknikkens stand. according to the state of the art.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US359802A US3867935A (en) | 1973-05-14 | 1973-05-14 | Plied absorbent structures |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO741721L NO741721L (en) | 1974-11-15 |
| NO138433B true NO138433B (en) | 1978-05-29 |
| NO138433C NO138433C (en) | 1978-09-06 |
Family
ID=23415336
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO741721A NO138433C (en) | 1973-05-14 | 1974-05-13 | BANDAGE CONSISTING OF A MULTI-LAYER ABSORBING MATERIAL |
Country Status (25)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3867935A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6139058B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR205886A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT356261B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE815026A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7403881D0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA997918A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH593694A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD113695A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2422975C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK132860C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES426310A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI60125C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2229428B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1460823A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE39755B1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN143598B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1015988B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU70066A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7406479A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO138433C (en) |
| PH (1) | PH11925A (en) |
| RO (1) | RO70485A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE410704B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA743045B (en) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4287251A (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1981-09-01 | King Mary K | Disposable absorbent nonwoven structure |
| AU546556B2 (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1985-09-05 | Courtaulds Plc | Alginate fibre material and process |
| US4718897A (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1988-01-12 | Chicopee | Nonwoven surgical sponge with x-ray detectable element |
| PL171000B1 (en) | 1991-05-20 | 1997-02-28 | Procter & Gamble | Disposable moisture absorbing article with a fastening element |
| US5315740A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1994-05-31 | Velcro Industries, B.V. | Hook for hook and loop fasteners |
| AU7833294A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-04-03 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Reinforced landing surface for mechanical fasteners on disposable products |
| DE4335621A1 (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1995-04-27 | Rotecno Ag | Absorbent fabric material made of synthetic continuous fiber |
| US5792128A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-08-11 | Deroyal Industries, Inc. | Absorbent article having a radiopaque element embedded in a side edge thereof and method for making same |
| US5575781A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1996-11-19 | Deroyal Industries, Inc. | Absorbent article useful in medical applications |
| US5725517A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-03-10 | Deroyal Industries, Inc. | Absorbent woven article including radiopaque element woven therein and anchored at the ends thereof |
| CA2224822C (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 2005-04-12 | Deroyal Industries, Inc. | Absorbent article having a radiopaque element |
| US6989118B2 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2006-01-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making a reinforced fibrous absorbent member |
| US6802834B2 (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2004-10-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article having discontinuous absorbent core |
| US7745687B2 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2010-06-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure |
| US6982052B2 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2006-01-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process and apparatus for air forming an article having a plurality of superimposed fibrous layers |
| US6981297B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2006-01-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Controlled placement of a reinforcing web within a fibrous absorbent |
| US20040102751A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-05-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure |
| WO2004069527A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-19 | Aircelle Limited | Method of making structural members |
| US7594906B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2009-09-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article having a stretchable reinforcement member |
| US7345004B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2008-03-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Scrim reinforced absorbent article with reduced stiffness |
| US7707884B2 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2010-05-04 | Simons Bryce P | Apparatus for measurement of absorption and displacement |
| US8980982B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2015-03-17 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc. | Electromagnetic spectrally detectable plastic packaging components |
| US10619268B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2020-04-14 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc. | Metal detectable fiber and articles formed from the same |
| WO2015181828A2 (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2015-12-03 | First Care Products Ltd. | Wound dressing apparatus and method of use thereof |
| US10753022B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2020-08-25 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc. | Particle-filled fiber and articles formed from the same |
| US11542634B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2023-01-03 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Particle-filled fiber and articles formed from the same |
| EP3028686A3 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-03-22 | Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd | A surgical sponge |
| AU2015243066B2 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2021-09-23 | Multigate Medical Products Pty Limited | A Surgical Sponge |
| CN106618871A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-10 | 莫蒂盖特医疗产品股份有限公司 | Sponge for operation |
| CN105725285B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2018-12-25 | 山东省立医院 | A kind of paediatrics nursing antibacterial muffler |
| US10947664B2 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2021-03-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Metal detectable scouring pad |
| WO2020028514A1 (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-06 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Flexible and conformable wound dressing with enhanced fluid absorption capability |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2897108A (en) * | 1953-05-11 | 1959-07-28 | Kimberly Clark Co | Disposable absorbent pad |
| US3485706A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1969-12-23 | Du Pont | Textile-like patterned nonwoven fabrics and their production |
| US3683921A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-08-15 | Berry A Brooks | Absorbent sponges |
-
1973
- 1973-05-14 US US359802A patent/US3867935A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-01-01 AR AR253710A patent/AR205886A1/en active
- 1974-05-13 FR FR7416481A patent/FR2229428B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-05-13 FI FI1457/74A patent/FI60125C/en active
- 1974-05-13 GB GB2098374A patent/GB1460823A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-13 IT IT50961/74A patent/IT1015988B/en active
- 1974-05-13 NO NO741721A patent/NO138433C/en unknown
- 1974-05-13 BR BR3881/74A patent/BR7403881D0/en unknown
- 1974-05-13 CA CA199,917A patent/CA997918A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-13 LU LU70066A patent/LU70066A1/xx unknown
- 1974-05-13 SE SE7406348A patent/SE410704B/en unknown
- 1974-05-13 ZA ZA00743045A patent/ZA743045B/en unknown
- 1974-05-13 PH PH15827A patent/PH11925A/en unknown
- 1974-05-13 DE DE2422975A patent/DE2422975C2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-13 IE IE1007/74A patent/IE39755B1/en unknown
- 1974-05-14 JP JP49052948A patent/JPS6139058B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-05-14 NL NL7406479A patent/NL7406479A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-05-14 DD DD178498A patent/DD113695A5/xx unknown
- 1974-05-14 BE BE144315A patent/BE815026A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-14 ES ES426310A patent/ES426310A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-14 AT AT396974A patent/AT356261B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-14 CH CH658674A patent/CH593694A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-14 DK DK263974A patent/DK132860C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-14 RO RO7478770A patent/RO70485A/en unknown
-
1975
- 1975-10-15 IN IN1994/CAL/75A patent/IN143598B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2229428B1 (en) | 1980-03-14 |
| DE2422975A1 (en) | 1974-12-12 |
| CH593694A5 (en) | 1977-12-15 |
| BE815026A (en) | 1974-11-14 |
| IT1015988B (en) | 1977-05-20 |
| NO741721L (en) | 1974-11-15 |
| DK132860C (en) | 1976-07-26 |
| FR2229428A1 (en) | 1974-12-13 |
| ATA396974A (en) | 1979-09-15 |
| DK132860B (en) | 1976-02-23 |
| IE39755L (en) | 1974-11-14 |
| ZA743045B (en) | 1975-12-31 |
| AU6888674A (en) | 1975-11-13 |
| JPS5031690A (en) | 1975-03-28 |
| GB1460823A (en) | 1977-01-06 |
| IE39755B1 (en) | 1978-12-20 |
| BR7403881D0 (en) | 1975-01-28 |
| NO138433C (en) | 1978-09-06 |
| DD113695A5 (en) | 1975-06-20 |
| ES426310A1 (en) | 1976-09-01 |
| FI60125C (en) | 1981-12-10 |
| AT356261B (en) | 1980-04-25 |
| AR205886A1 (en) | 1976-06-15 |
| US3867935A (en) | 1975-02-25 |
| PH11925A (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| DE2422975C2 (en) | 1985-09-05 |
| JPS6139058B2 (en) | 1986-09-02 |
| SE410704B (en) | 1979-10-29 |
| CA997918A (en) | 1976-10-05 |
| LU70066A1 (en) | 1974-10-01 |
| NL7406479A (en) | 1974-11-18 |
| RO70485A (en) | 1982-08-17 |
| FI60125B (en) | 1981-08-31 |
| IN143598B (en) | 1977-12-31 |
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