US2705191A - Method and solution for treating aluminum - Google Patents

Method and solution for treating aluminum Download PDF

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US2705191A
US2705191A US124730A US12473049A US2705191A US 2705191 A US2705191 A US 2705191A US 124730 A US124730 A US 124730A US 12473049 A US12473049 A US 12473049A US 2705191 A US2705191 A US 2705191A
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bath
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aluminum
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John F Jumer
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
    • C23F3/02—Light metals
    • C23F3/03—Light metals with acidic solutions

Definitions

  • My invention pertains to the, art of chemical polishing, and particularly to the so-called bright dip solutions adapted to impart a mirror or satin finish to articles formed of aluminum. 1
  • Aluminum and a large majority of the commercial aluminum alloys are subject to the formation of a gray, unattractive surface film, which tenaciously retains grease and dirt, and which is conventionally removed by mechanical, or in some instances, by electro-chemical polishing.
  • the surface of the article upon which film forms is quite smooth and free from blemishes, as is frequently the case in regard to articles formed on a punch press. Since mechanical smoothing or abrading of these surfaces is unnecessary, attempts have been made to eliminate the film by treating the surface of the article with a solution adapted'to dissolve the film.
  • the primary object of my invention is to provide a solution which overcomes these defects, and which removes the objectionable surface film from articles formed of aluminum or aluminum alloys containing less than five per cent silicon, leaving on the surface of the article either a highly lustrous mirror finish or a satin finish at the option of the operator.
  • my solution is formed by adding to 100 (75%) about 6 grams of sodium nitrate and 1.5 grams of sodium sulphate. If a mirror finish is desired, the temperature of this solution is maintained at approximately 210-220 F., and the article immersed in the bath for -180 seconds, care being taken to avoid entrapment of air against the surface of the article.
  • a gelatinous film which may be removed if desired by scrubbing, but which is more conveniently eliminated by dipping the article in a dilute aqeuous solution of nitric acid. This treatment completely removes the gray, unattractive film from the surface and produces a very high luster, superior to a vast majority of similar articles produced by mechanical means.
  • the various items employed in compounding my bath are of commercial grade, the phosphoric acid being that known to the trade as 75 per cent, meaning thereby that the water content of the solution is approximately per cent.
  • Certain other acids, or acid anhydrides, pure or mixed, of phosphorous may be employed, as for example 85 per cent orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, or phosphorous peritoxide, but when employed should be diluted to yield a concentration approximately equal to that obtained by utilizing-75 per cent phosphoric acid.
  • the various alkali metal nitrates and sulfates may preferentially attack certain partially cc.
  • concentration of the salts may also be varied within certain limits from the optimum specified. Satisfactory results will be obtained when a concentration of sodium nitrate per cc.- of 75 per cent phosporic acid lies between 0.5 and 30.0 grams. Similarly, the concentration of sodium sulfate per 100 cc. of'acid may vary from 0.25 grams to 10.0 grams, or in other words, an approximate nitrate to sulfate ratio of 3.1.
  • the temperature of the solution should be maintained above 180 F. and below 275 F. Within this temper-, ature range, the higher temperatures tend to reduce, the immersion time required to attain a bright surface finish, but also tend to generate objectionable fumes, which increase in volume with the temperature. If the temperature of the-bath is maintained between and I80- F., a satin, rather than a mirror finish will be produced on the article. The length of time the solution must be left in contact with. the surface being treated varies with the temperature ofthe, solution and the thickness and character of the film, but in general a satisfactory mirror finish can be produced within from 1 to 180 'secends, 20 to 60 seconds representing the normal optimum and average time of treatment. A satin finish is usually attained in from 5 to 50 seconds.
  • the solution may be swabbed on the surface, sprayed, or applied in any other manner desired, provided the concentrations and temperatures prescribed are maintained within their operating ranges.
  • An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent silicon comprising principally aqueous phosphoric acid containing 0.5-30.0 grams of an alkali metal nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of an alkali metal sulfate per 100 cc. of phosphoric acid.
  • An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 percent silicon comprising a concentrated aqueous phosphoric acid solution containing 0.5-30.0 grams of sodium nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of sodium sulfate per 100 cc.
  • An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent silicon comprising a concentrated aqueous phosphoric acid solution containing 0.5-30.0 grams of sodium nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid.
  • An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent silicon comprising a concentrated aqueous phosphoric acid solution containing approximately 6 grams of sodium nitrate and approximately 1.5 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath consisting principally of phosphoric acid and containing 0.5-30.0 grams of an alkali metal nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of an alkali metal sulfate per 100 cc. of phosphoric acid, maintaining the'temperature of the bath at 180-275 F. and bringing the surface of the laluhminum article to be polished into contact with the 6.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.5,30.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at 180-275" F., and bringing the surface of the aluminum article to be polished into contact with the bath.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.S-30.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25-- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at l50275 F., and bringing the surface of ghehaluminum article to be polished into contact with the 8.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.5-30.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at l50275 F., bringing the surface of the aluminum article to be polished into contact with the bath, dipping the article after treatment in a nitric acid bath and rinsing the article with water.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.530.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at 150-275 F., bringing the surface of the aluminum to be polished into contact with the bath for not less than 1 nor more than 180 seconds, dipping the article after treatment in a nitric acid bath and rinsing the article with water.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises forming an aqueous bath of 05-300 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. 75 percent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at about 210220 F., bringing the bath into contact with the aluminum surface to be polished for 20-60 seconds, rinsing the article in dilute nitric acid and then rinsing the article in water.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises forming an aqueous bath of about 6 grams sodium nitrate and about 1.5 grams sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at about 210- 220 F., bringing the bath into contact with the aluminum surface to be polished for 20-60 seconds, rinsing the article in dilute nitric acid and then rinsing the article in water.
  • the method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises forming an aqueous bath of about 6 grams sodium nitrate and about 1.5 grams sodium sulfate dissolved in cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at about l50l80 F., bringing the bath into contact with the aluminum surface to be polished for 5-50 seconds, rinsing the article in dilute nitric acid and then rinsing the article in water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 2,105,191 METHOD AND SOLUTION FOR TREATING ALUMINUM John F. Jumer, Chicago, Ill.
No Drawing. Application October 31. 1949, Serial No. 124,730
12 Claims. (CI. 41-42) My invention pertains to the, art of chemical polishing, and particularly to the so-called bright dip solutions adapted to impart a mirror or satin finish to articles formed of aluminum. 1
Aluminum and a large majority of the commercial aluminum alloys are subject to the formation of a gray, unattractive surface film, which tenaciously retains grease and dirt, and which is conventionally removed by mechanical, or in some instances, by electro-chemical polishing. In many instances, the surface of the article upon which film forms is quite smooth and free from blemishes, as is frequently the case in regard to articles formed on a punch press. Since mechanical smoothing or abrading of these surfaces is unnecessary, attempts have been made to eliminate the film by treating the surface of the article with a solution adapted'to dissolve the film. A reasonable degree of success has been experienced in the use of some of these solutions, but each has possessed one or more objectionable characteristics, such as a markedtendency to attack and etch the metal surface, to disassociated alloy constituents, to generate noxious fumes, or other similar shortcomings.
The primary object of my invention is to provide a solution which overcomes these defects, and which removes the objectionable surface film from articles formed of aluminum or aluminum alloys containing less than five per cent silicon, leaving on the surface of the article either a highly lustrous mirror finish or a satin finish at the option of the operator.
Other objects of my invention, which include the provision of an inexpensive solution for polishing aluminum, and a satisfactory method for its utilization, will be disclosed in the course of the following description.
In its preferred form, my solution, or bath, is formed by adding to 100 (75%) about 6 grams of sodium nitrate and 1.5 grams of sodium sulphate. If a mirror finish is desired, the temperature of this solution is maintained at approximately 210-220 F., and the article immersed in the bath for -180 seconds, care being taken to avoid entrapment of air against the surface of the article. Upon removal of the article from the solution, it will be covered with a gelatinous film, which may be removed if desired by scrubbing, but which is more conveniently eliminated by dipping the article in a dilute aqeuous solution of nitric acid. This treatment completely removes the gray, unattractive film from the surface and produces a very high luster, superior to a vast majority of similar articles produced by mechanical means.
The above-described process and composition is satisfactory for all commercial alloys of aluminum, with the exception of those containing more than five per cent silicon. When the silicon content exceeds five per cent, the polishing action of the solution is irregular, which I/do not consider desirable.
The various items employed in compounding my bath are of commercial grade, the phosphoric acid being that known to the trade as 75 per cent, meaning thereby that the water content of the solution is approximately per cent. Certain other acids, or acid anhydrides, pure or mixed, of phosphorous may be employed, as for example 85 per cent orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, or phosphorous peritoxide, but when employed should be diluted to yield a concentration approximately equal to that obtained by utilizing-75 per cent phosphoric acid. The various alkali metal nitrates and sulfates may preferentially attack certain partially cc. of commercial phosphoric acid in general be substituted for the sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate, if desired, allowance being made for the difference in molecular weight; but this is generally unnecessary and undesirable, since such salts are somewhat more costly than those specified. The concentration of the salts may also be varied within certain limits from the optimum specified. Satisfactory results will be obtained when a concentration of sodium nitrate per cc.- of 75 per cent phosporic acid lies between 0.5 and 30.0 grams. Similarly, the concentration of sodium sulfate per 100 cc. of'acid may vary from 0.25 grams to 10.0 grams, or in other words, an approximate nitrate to sulfate ratio of 3.1.
' When the operator wishes to attain a mirror finish, the temperature of the solution should be maintained above 180 F. and below 275 F. Within this temper-, ature range, the higher temperatures tend to reduce, the immersion time required to attain a bright surface finish, but also tend to generate objectionable fumes, which increase in volume with the temperature. If the temperature of the-bath is maintained between and I80- F., a satin, rather than a mirror finish will be produced on the article. The length of time the solution must be left in contact with. the surface being treated varies with the temperature ofthe, solution and the thickness and character of the film, but in general a satisfactory mirror finish can be produced within from 1 to 180 'secends, 20 to 60 seconds representing the normal optimum and average time of treatment. A satin finish is usually attained in from 5 to 50 seconds.
It is usually most convenient to treat the surface of the article byimmersing the article in the bath or solution. However, the solution may be swabbed on the surface, sprayed, or applied in any other manner desired, provided the concentrations and temperatures prescribed are maintained within their operating ranges.
I claim:
1. An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent silicon comprising principally aqueous phosphoric acid containing 0.5-30.0 grams of an alkali metal nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of an alkali metal sulfate per 100 cc. of phosphoric acid.
2. An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 percent silicon comprising a concentrated aqueous phosphoric acid solution containing 0.5-30.0 grams of sodium nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of sodium sulfate per 100 cc.
3. An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent silicon comprising a concentrated aqueous phosphoric acid solution containing 0.5-30.0 grams of sodium nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid.
4. An aqueous solution for chemically polishing articles formed of a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent silicon comprising a concentrated aqueous phosphoric acid solution containing approximately 6 grams of sodium nitrate and approximately 1.5 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid.
5. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath consisting principally of phosphoric acid and containing 0.5-30.0 grams of an alkali metal nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams of an alkali metal sulfate per 100 cc. of phosphoric acid, maintaining the'temperature of the bath at 180-275 F. and bringing the surface of the laluhminum article to be polished into contact with the 6. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.5,30.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at 180-275" F., and bringing the surface of the aluminum article to be polished into contact with the bath.
7. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.S-30.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25-- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at l50275 F., and bringing the surface of ghehaluminum article to be polished into contact with the 8. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.5-30.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at l50275 F., bringing the surface of the aluminum article to be polished into contact with the bath, dipping the article after treatment in a nitric acid bath and rinsing the article with water.
9. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous bath containing 0.530.0 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25- 10.0 grams of sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at 150-275 F., bringing the surface of the aluminum to be polished into contact with the bath for not less than 1 nor more than 180 seconds, dipping the article after treatment in a nitric acid bath and rinsing the article with water.
10. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises forming an aqueous bath of 05-300 grams sodium nitrate and 0.25-10.0 grams sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. 75 percent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at about 210220 F., bringing the bath into contact with the aluminum surface to be polished for 20-60 seconds, rinsing the article in dilute nitric acid and then rinsing the article in water.
11. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises forming an aqueous bath of about 6 grams sodium nitrate and about 1.5 grams sodium sulfate dissolved in 100 cc. per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at about 210- 220 F., bringing the bath into contact with the aluminum surface to be polished for 20-60 seconds, rinsing the article in dilute nitric acid and then rinsing the article in water.
12. The method for chemically polishing the surface of articles formed from a metal consisting principally of aluminum and containing not more than 5 per cent of silicon which comprises forming an aqueous bath of about 6 grams sodium nitrate and about 1.5 grams sodium sulfate dissolved in cc. of 75 per cent phosphoric acid, maintaining the temperature of the bath at about l50l80 F., bringing the bath into contact with the aluminum surface to be polished for 5-50 seconds, rinsing the article in dilute nitric acid and then rinsing the article in water.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,022,274 Strecker Apr. 2, 1912 2,409,271 Goldowski Oct. 15, 1946 2,428,464 Lum Oct. 7, 1947 2,434,021 Thompson Jan. 6, 1948 2,446,060 Pray July 27, 1948

Claims (1)

  1. 8. THE METHOD FOR CHEMICALLY POLISHING THE SURFACE OF ARTICLES FORMED FROM A METAL CONSISTING PRINCIPALLY OF ALUMINUM AND CONTAINING NOT MORE THAN 5 PER CENT OF SILICON WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF FORMING AN AQUEOUS BATH CONTAINING 0.5-30.0 GRAMS SODIUM NITRATE AND 0.2510.0 GRAMS OF SODIUM SULFATE DISSOLVED IN 100 CC. OF 75 PER CENT PHOSPHORIC ACID, MAINTIANING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE BATH AT 150*-275* F., BRINGING THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM ARTICLE TO BE POLISHED INTO CONTACT WITH THE BATH, DIPPING THE ARTICLE AFTER TREATMENT IN A NITRIC ACID BATH AND RINSING THE ARTICLE WITH WATER.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2876144A (en) * 1956-02-24 1959-03-03 Crucible Steel Co America Metal pickling solutions and methods
US2901344A (en) * 1958-02-07 1959-08-25 Aluminum Co Of America Removal of iron from aluminum surfaces
US3997361A (en) * 1975-06-06 1976-12-14 Earl Wesley Kendall Coin cleaner
US4238279A (en) * 1977-11-16 1980-12-09 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Compositions and methods for treating surface of lithographic printing plates
EP0325097A1 (en) * 1988-01-15 1989-07-26 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical polishing bath and method for aluminum alloys

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1022274A (en) * 1911-11-02 1912-04-02 Otto Carl Strecker Etching fluid for flat printing-plates of metal.
US2409271A (en) * 1943-03-22 1946-10-15 Welding Research Inc Process for cleaning aluminum
US2428464A (en) * 1945-02-09 1947-10-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method and composition for etching metal
US2434021A (en) * 1943-03-08 1948-01-06 Ncr Co Process of bright dipping
US2446060A (en) * 1944-07-04 1948-07-27 Battelle Development Corp Chemical polishing of metal surfaces

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1022274A (en) * 1911-11-02 1912-04-02 Otto Carl Strecker Etching fluid for flat printing-plates of metal.
US2434021A (en) * 1943-03-08 1948-01-06 Ncr Co Process of bright dipping
US2409271A (en) * 1943-03-22 1946-10-15 Welding Research Inc Process for cleaning aluminum
US2446060A (en) * 1944-07-04 1948-07-27 Battelle Development Corp Chemical polishing of metal surfaces
US2428464A (en) * 1945-02-09 1947-10-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method and composition for etching metal

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2876144A (en) * 1956-02-24 1959-03-03 Crucible Steel Co America Metal pickling solutions and methods
US2901344A (en) * 1958-02-07 1959-08-25 Aluminum Co Of America Removal of iron from aluminum surfaces
US3997361A (en) * 1975-06-06 1976-12-14 Earl Wesley Kendall Coin cleaner
US4238279A (en) * 1977-11-16 1980-12-09 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Compositions and methods for treating surface of lithographic printing plates
EP0325097A1 (en) * 1988-01-15 1989-07-26 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical polishing bath and method for aluminum alloys

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