NO137147B - REGULATION SYSTEM. - Google Patents
REGULATION SYSTEM. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO137147B NO137147B NO744444A NO744444A NO137147B NO 137147 B NO137147 B NO 137147B NO 744444 A NO744444 A NO 744444A NO 744444 A NO744444 A NO 744444A NO 137147 B NO137147 B NO 137147B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- bichromate
- chromates
- lubricating
- lubricating oil
- chromate
- Prior art date
Links
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 at high temperatures Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMISVBXFFXBNAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O RMISVBXFFXBNAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
- B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
- B63H11/10—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof
- B63H11/107—Direction control of propulsive fluid
- B63H11/11—Direction control of propulsive fluid with bucket or clamshell-type reversing means
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte ved smøring av stempler og sylindere i forbrenningsmotorer. Procedure for lubricating pistons and cylinders in internal combustion engines.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte til smøring av stempler og sylindere i forbrenningsmotorer, særlig slike som drives med brenselolje med høyt svo-velinnhold. Under forbrenning av en slik brenselolje dannes svovelsyre som kan være årsaken til en betydelig korrosjon av motorens stempler og sylindrer. This invention relates to a method for lubricating pistons and cylinders in internal combustion engines, particularly those which are operated with fuel oil with a high sulfur content. During the combustion of such fuel oil, sulfuric acid is formed which can be the cause of significant corrosion of the engine's pistons and cylinders.
Ved smøring i henhold til oppfinnelsen When lubricating according to the invention
er korrosjonen betydelig mindre enn ved smøring med olje som ikke er behandlet. Smøringen i henhold til oppfinnelsen har muligens også en fordelaktig virkning i elektrokjemisk henseende, f. eks. på po-tensialer på de smurte motordeler. Det er tidligere kjent å tilsette smøreoljer metal-liske salter, og hensikten med dette er i det vesentlige å binde svovelsyren som frigjø-res under brenseloljens forbrenning. the corrosion is significantly less than when lubricating with oil that has not been treated. The lubrication according to the invention possibly also has an advantageous effect in electrochemical terms, e.g. on potentials on the lubricated engine parts. It is previously known to add metallic salts to lubricating oils, and the purpose of this is essentially to bind the sulfuric acid that is released during the combustion of the fuel oil.
Det er tidligere kjent å tilsette me-tallkromater til smøreoljer. Denne for-holdsregel er meget nyttig, særlig ved forbrenningsmotorer med sylindervegger som er dekket med et krombelegg. Kromater kan tilsettes i ren form eller som olje- eller vannemulsjon. Hensikten med den kjente fremgangsmåte er å bringe kromatene til å reagere med syren og på denne måten danne en substans som motvirker korrosjon. Det er klart at de kromater som anvendes har en alkalisk reaksjon. Dette er analogt med den kjente tilsetning av andre salter som har alkalisk eller sur bindingskarakteristikk, for å binde svovelsyren. It is previously known to add metal chromates to lubricating oils. This rule of thumb is very useful, particularly in the case of internal combustion engines with cylinder walls that are covered with a chrome coating. Chromates can be added in pure form or as an oil or water emulsion. The purpose of the known method is to cause the chromates to react with the acid and in this way form a substance which counteracts corrosion. It is clear that the chromates used have an alkaline reaction. This is analogous to the known addition of other salts which have alkaline or acidic binding characteristics, to bind the sulfuric acid.
Ulempen ved bruk av kromater er at The disadvantage of using chromates is that
disse er mindre oppløsbare eller nesten these are less soluble or nearly so
uoppløsbare. Dette hindrer økonomisk bruk av kromatene til det nevnte formål. Dess-uten blir kromatene vesentlig mindre opp-løsbare ved de høye temperaturer som opp-trer under smøringen, og tilsetningen av slike kromater fører til tilstopning av led-ninger og lignende. indissoluble. This prevents economic use of the chromates for the aforementioned purpose. In addition, the chromates become significantly less soluble at the high temperatures that occur during lubrication, and the addition of such chromates leads to clogging of wires and the like.
Overraskelsesvis er man kommet frem til at meget gode smøreforhold kan oppnås ved tilsetning av et kromat med sur reaksjon til smøreoljen i form av et bikromat. Dette er desto mer overraskende fordi man skulle vente at det for å oppnå gode for-hold under smøringen og for å forhindre sylinderveggkorrosjon samt stemplenes korrosjon burde kunne gjøres bruk av et middel som binder syren altså et kromat med alkalisk eller nøytral reaksjon. Surprisingly, it has been concluded that very good lubrication conditions can be achieved by adding a chromate with an acidic reaction to the lubricating oil in the form of a bichromate. This is all the more surprising because one would expect that in order to achieve good conditions during lubrication and to prevent cylinder wall corrosion as well as piston corrosion, it should be possible to use an agent that binds the acid, i.e. a chromate with an alkaline or neutral reaction.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen kan derfor kromater med sur reaksjon, så som bikromater, tilsettes smøremidler i form av en vandig eller oljeaktig emulsjon, eller i yt-terst findelt form. Kalsium-bikromat er et 'meget passende middel. According to the invention, therefore, chromates with an acidic reaction, such as bichromates, can be added to lubricants in the form of an aqueous or oily emulsion, or in extremely finely divided form. Calcium bichromate is a 'very suitable agent.
Som følge av bikromatenes store opp-løsbarhet sammenlignet med kromatenes, særlig ved høye temperaturer, har man her den fordel at sterkt konsentrerte bikro-matoppløsninger, henholdsvis emulsjoner, kan fremstilles, slik at man har mer bikromat til rådighet under smøreprosessen, uten den ulempe at avleiringer vil dannes ved de høye temperaturer som ledsager smøreprosessen. As a result of the high solubility of bichromates compared to chromates, particularly at high temperatures, one has the advantage here that highly concentrated bichromate solutions, or emulsions, can be produced, so that one has more dichromate at one's disposal during the lubrication process, without the disadvantage that deposits will form at the high temperatures that accompany the lubrication process.
Det viser seg at foruten bikromater med sur reaksjon kan også blandinger av kromater og bikromater anvendes til nevnte formål, idet slike blandinger er å fore-trekke fremfor bare kromater. PH-områ-det for en blanding av bikromat og kromat som med sikkerhet ikke vil bevirke avset-ninger eller tilstoppelser i smøreoljelednin-ger kan ligge mellom 1,0 til 5,6. It turns out that in addition to bichromates with an acidic reaction, mixtures of chromates and bichromates can also be used for the aforementioned purpose, such mixtures being preferable to chromates alone. The pH range for a mixture of bichromate and chromate which will certainly not cause deposits or blockages in lubricating oil lines can be between 1.0 to 5.6.
5 vektdeler bikromat ble løst opp i en 5 parts by weight of bichromate were dissolved in a
emulsjon av 70 vektdeler smøreoljer og 30 emulsion of 70 parts by weight of lubricating oils and 30
vektdeler vann. Det kan også anvendes en parts by weight water. One can also be used
blanding av f. eks. 3 vektdeler bikromat og mixture of e.g. 3 parts by weight of bichromate and
2 vektdeler kromat i stedet for 5 deler bikromat. Som bikromat kan brukes bikromater av kalsium, magnesium, litium, ammoniakk, natrium og kalium i den samme 2 parts by weight of chromate instead of 5 parts of bichromate. As dichromate, dichromates of calcium, magnesium, lithium, ammonia, sodium and potassium can be used in the same
eller nesten i den samme mengde. Hvis det or almost in the same quantity. If it
også anvendes kromater, dvs. kromater av chromates are also used, i.e. chromates of
kalsium, magnesium, litium, ammoniakk, calcium, magnesium, lithium, ammonia,
natrium og kalium, har det anvendte bikromat den samme eller en annen kation sodium and potassium, the bichromate used has the same or a different cation
enn det kromat som skal tilsettes. than the chromate to be added.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US478171A US3918256A (en) | 1974-06-10 | 1974-06-10 | Throttle-reverser control system for water jet propelled seacraft |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO744444L NO744444L (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| NO137147B true NO137147B (en) | 1977-10-03 |
| NO137147C NO137147C (en) | 1978-01-11 |
Family
ID=23898821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO744444A NO137147C (en) | 1974-06-10 | 1974-12-10 | REGULATION SYSTEM. |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3918256A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS549798B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE823296A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7410225A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1038950A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH591985A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2459143A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK665074A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES433062A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2273708A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1469268A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1024432B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL176651C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO137147C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE403084B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA747561B (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4073258A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1978-02-14 | The Boeing Company | Lateral maneuvering control for water-jet propulsion systems |
| DE3841294A1 (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1990-06-13 | Egon Buhs | Hydro-jet propulsion for watercraft |
| JP2507533Y2 (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1996-08-14 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Hydrofoil emergency stop device |
| US5603644A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1997-02-18 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Jet propulsion boat |
| DE9412306U1 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1994-11-10 | Stein, Ullrich, Dipl.-Ing., 82211 Herrsching | Screw drive for water vehicles |
| NZ306556A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-06-26 | Ishigaki Co Ltd | Marine jet propulsion unit: axially directing stator vanes downstream of multiple spiral vaned impeller |
| JP2788216B2 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-08-20 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Control device for marine water jet propulsion |
| US5755601A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-05-26 | Brunswick Corporation | Brake system for personal watercraft |
| US6485340B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2002-11-26 | Bombardier Motor Corporation Of America | Electrically controlled shift and throttle system |
| US6159059A (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2000-12-12 | Arctic Cat Inc. | Controlled thrust steering system for watercraft |
| US6231410B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-15 | Arctic Cat Inc. | Controlled thrust steering system for watercraft |
| NZ513559A (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2002-10-25 | Cwf Hamilton & Co Ltd | Directional control for twin jet powered water vessel |
| US6663447B1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2003-12-16 | Arctic Cat Inc. | Method and system for controlling thrust of watercraft during various steering conditions |
| JP4509406B2 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2010-07-21 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Engine output control device for water jet propulsion boat |
| AU2001251461A1 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-23 | The Talaria Company, Llc | Differential bucket control system for waterjet boats |
| JP4035334B2 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2008-01-23 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Engine output control device for water jet propulsion boat |
| US7249229B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-07-24 | Gemini Mobile Technologies, Inc. | Synchronous message queues |
| JP2012025260A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-09 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Marine propulsion apparatus and ship equipped with the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3342032A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1967-09-19 | Clifford B Cox | Jet propulsion means for a boat |
| US3662243A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1972-05-09 | Outboard Marine Corp | Electrical circuit for steering and throttle control of a marine propulsion device |
| US3795105A (en) * | 1972-05-02 | 1974-03-05 | Twin Disc Inc | Control apparatus for hydraulic jet propulsion water borne craft |
-
1974
- 1974-06-10 US US478171A patent/US3918256A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-11-26 CA CA214,704A patent/CA1038950A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-26 ZA ZA00747561A patent/ZA747561B/en unknown
- 1974-11-27 GB GB5148574A patent/GB1469268A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-03 SE SE7415123A patent/SE403084B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-06 BR BR10225/74A patent/BR7410225A/en unknown
- 1974-12-10 NO NO744444A patent/NO137147C/en unknown
- 1974-12-12 DE DE19742459143 patent/DE2459143A1/en active Granted
- 1974-12-12 IT IT54515/74A patent/IT1024432B/en active
- 1974-12-12 FR FR7441000A patent/FR2273708A1/en active Granted
- 1974-12-12 BE BE1006330A patent/BE823296A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-16 NL NLAANVRAGE7416387,A patent/NL176651C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-18 ES ES433062A patent/ES433062A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-19 DK DK665074A patent/DK665074A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-12-20 JP JP14663874A patent/JPS549798B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-12-20 CH CH1711974A patent/CH591985A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS50159093A (en) | 1975-12-23 |
| ES433062A1 (en) | 1976-11-01 |
| JPS549798B2 (en) | 1979-04-27 |
| BR7410225A (en) | 1976-06-08 |
| CH591985A5 (en) | 1977-10-14 |
| AU7585174A (en) | 1976-06-03 |
| DE2459143A1 (en) | 1975-12-18 |
| SE403084B (en) | 1978-07-31 |
| US3918256A (en) | 1975-11-11 |
| GB1469268A (en) | 1977-04-06 |
| NO744444L (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| DE2459143C2 (en) | 1988-10-06 |
| FR2273708B1 (en) | 1980-03-28 |
| NL176651B (en) | 1984-12-17 |
| FR2273708A1 (en) | 1976-01-02 |
| IT1024432B (en) | 1978-06-20 |
| SE7415123L (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| DK665074A (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| ZA747561B (en) | 1975-12-31 |
| NL176651C (en) | 1985-05-17 |
| BE823296A (en) | 1975-06-12 |
| NL7416387A (en) | 1975-12-12 |
| NO137147C (en) | 1978-01-11 |
| CA1038950A (en) | 1978-09-19 |
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