NO135022B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO135022B NO135022B NO1040/72A NO104072A NO135022B NO 135022 B NO135022 B NO 135022B NO 1040/72 A NO1040/72 A NO 1040/72A NO 104072 A NO104072 A NO 104072A NO 135022 B NO135022 B NO 135022B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- reactance
- tubes
- series
- tube
- electrodes
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/092—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/098—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/42—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/70—Food packaging
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Description
Koblingsanordning for elektriske utladningsrør med elektroder som kan forvarmes. Connecting device for electric discharge tubes with electrodes that can be preheated.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører en koblingsanordning for elektriske utladnings-rør fylt med gass og/eller damp, fortrinsvis til lavt trykk, og med elektroder, som kan forutoppvarmes. This invention relates to a coupling device for electric discharge tubes filled with gas and/or steam, preferably at low pressure, and with electrodes, which can be preheated.
Det er kjent å tenne slike utladnings-rør eller lysrør ved hjelp av såkalte reso-nanskoblinger, som består av i det minste en induktans og en kapasitans som sam-virker. For å få en rask igangsetting av et slikt rør er dette koblet til nettet i serie med en reaktans med lineær karakteristikk, og i shunt over røret er anbrakt en reaktans av lignende slag samt en kapasitans i serie med hverandre og med rørets forvarmede elektroder. Mates denne an-ordning imidlertid fra en høyere spenning, f. eks. 220 V ved lysrør, inntreffer lett risiko for koldstart, dvs. at røret på grunn av den oppstående høye spenning over dette tenner før elektrodene er blitt for-varmet. Derved skades elektrodene, og rø-rets levetid blir kort. It is known to light such discharge tubes or fluorescent tubes by means of so-called resonance couplings, which consist of at least one inductance and one capacitance which work together. In order to get such a tube started quickly, it is connected to the network in series with a reactance with a linear characteristic, and in shunt above the tube a reactance of a similar type and a capacitance in series with each other and with the tube's preheated electrodes are placed. However, if this arrangement is fed from a higher voltage, e.g. 220 V in the case of fluorescent tubes, there is a slight risk of cold start, i.e. that the tube ignites due to the high voltage generated above it before the electrodes have been pre-heated. As a result, the electrodes are damaged, and the life of the tube is shortened.
Denne risiko for koldstart kan imidlertid unngås ved å dele opp spenningen over resonanskretsen på to utladningsrør. Ifølge oppfinnelsen foreslås en koblingsanordning i form av en resonanskrets bestående av to rør og en reaktans i serie med hverandre og i serie dermed fortrinsvis også en kondensator, og av en shuntkrets over hvert av rørene, idet den ene shuntkrets består av en reaktans med lineær karakteristikk i serie med en kondensator og med det ene rørs elektroder og den annen shuntkrets består av en reaktans med ulineær karakteristikk i serie med det annet rørs elektroder. However, this risk of cold start can be avoided by splitting the voltage across the resonant circuit on two discharge tubes. According to the invention, a coupling device is proposed in the form of a resonant circuit consisting of two tubes and a reactance in series with each other and in series thus preferably also a capacitor, and of a shunt circuit above each of the tubes, one shunt circuit consisting of a reactance with a linear characteristic in series with a capacitor and with the electrodes of one tube and the other shunt circuit consists of a reactance with non-linear characteristics in series with the electrodes of the other tube.
Fasekompensering fås dessuten ved Phase compensation is also available by
oppfinnelsen hvis resonanskretsen er an- the invention if the resonant circuit is an-
ordnet for å tilføres en spenning lik eller omtrent lik rørenes sammenlagte brenn-spenninger. arranged to supply a voltage equal to or approximately equal to the combined combustion voltages of the tubes.
Som nedenfor nærmere skal vises er denne koblingsanordning dessuten flim-merkompensert i meget høy grad. As will be shown in more detail below, this coupling device is also flicker-compensated to a very high degree.
Som ekvivalente med den angitte opp-finnelsesgjenstand betraktes koblingsan-ordninger med flere enn ett rør i seriekob-lingen, og hvor hvert rør utenom det rør som er shuntet med den ulineære reaktans er forsynt med lineær reaktans samt kondensator. Også det førstnevnte rør kan utskiftes med to eller flere rør, som hvert er shuntet med en ulineær reaktans. Connection arrangements with more than one tube in the series connection are considered equivalent to the stated object of invention, and where each tube apart from the tube which is shunted with the non-linear reactance is provided with a linear reactance and a capacitor. The first-mentioned tube can also be replaced by two or more tubes, each of which is shunted with a non-linear reactance.
Et utførelseseksempel med to serie-koblede rør er vist på vedlagte tegning. A design example with two series-connected pipes is shown in the attached drawing.
Fig. 1 viser koblingsanordningen skjema-tisk og fig. 2 og fig. 3 et par vektordiagram-mer over opptredende strømmer. Fig. 1 shows the coupling device schematically and fig. 2 and fig. 3 a pair of vector diagrams of occurring currents.
De to rør 5 og 11 er ved hjelp av en ledning 9 koblet i serie med hverandre og over en reaktans 2 med ikke-mettet jernkjerne til polene 1 og 14 av en strømkilde. I serie med reaktansen 2 innkobles fortrinsvis også en kondensator 3, som kan anbringes som vist på skjemaet eller på annet passende sted, f. eks. i forbindelsen 9. Over røret 5 er shuntet en krets, som The two tubes 5 and 11 are connected in series with each other and via a reactance 2 with non-saturated iron core to the poles 1 and 14 of a current source by means of a wire 9. In series with the reactance 2, a capacitor 3 is also preferably connected, which can be placed as shown in the diagram or in another suitable place, e.g. in connection 9. A circuit is shunted over pipe 5, which
består av en reaktans 7 med ikke-mettet consists of a reactance 7 with non-saturated
jernkjerne og en kondensator 8 i serie med iron core and a capacitor 8 in series with
hverandre og dessuten i serie med rørets elektrodespiraler 4 og 6. Over utladnings-banen for røret 11 ligger shuntet en sam-mensatt krets bestående av elektrodene 10 og 12 samt en reaktans 13. Denne reaktans 13 har derimot ulineær karakteristikk ved each other and also in series with the tube's electrode coils 4 and 6. Above the discharge path for the tube 11 lies the shunt, a composite circuit consisting of the electrodes 10 and 12 and a reactance 13. This reactance 13, on the other hand, has nonlinear characteristics at
at den er forsynt med mettet jernkjerne uten luftgap. Den bør dog ikke være altfor ulineær, men en viss strøm bør gå gjen- that it is provided with a saturated iron core without air gaps. However, it should not be too non-linear, but a certain current should flow again.
nom denne, da der ellers ikke fås noen flimmerkompensering. nom this, as there is otherwise no flicker compensation.
Ved tilkobling av f. eks. to 40W/110V lysrør til et 220 V nett kan reaktansen 13 ha en impedans på 300 ohm ved igangsetting og 500 ohm under drift. Før rørene er satt i gang må spenningen over reaktansen 13 ikke overstige 240 V, tross for-varmningsstrømmen gjennom elektrodene og dermed også strømmen gjennom reaktansen 13 er omtrent 0,8 A. Når rørene er tent, blir spenningen over hvert av rø-rene omtrent 106V, dvs. summen av brenn-spenningene er omtrent lik nettspennin-gen, hvorfor det fås god fasekompensering. Strømmen gjennom reaktansen 13 må nå ikke være høyere enn ,0,22 A. for å få god fasekompensering og små tap i elektrodene. Disse betingelser oppfylles ved å gi reaktansen en impedans ifølge det oven-stående på ca. 300 ohm ved igangsetting og på ca. 500 ohm under drift. Denne egen-skap fås ved å arbeide med en jernkjerne, som ved igangsettingen er mettet, men hvis kraftlinjetetthet ved drift ligger på 1,0—1,1 Vs/ma. When connecting e.g. two 40W/110V fluorescent tubes to a 220 V mains, the reactance 13 can have an impedance of 300 ohms at start-up and 500 ohms during operation. Before the tubes are started, the voltage across the reactance 13 must not exceed 240 V, despite the pre-heating current through the electrodes and thus also the current through the reactance 13 is approximately 0.8 A. When the tubes are lit, the voltage across each of the tubes is approx. 106V, i.e. the sum of the combustion voltages is roughly equal to the mains voltage, which is why good phase compensation is obtained. The current through the reactance 13 must now not be higher than 0.22 A. in order to obtain good phase compensation and small losses in the electrodes. These conditions are met by giving the reactance an impedance according to the above of approx. 300 ohms at start-up and at approx. 500 ohms during operation. This property is obtained by working with an iron core, which is saturated at start-up, but whose power line density during operation is 1.0-1.1 Vs/ma.
Strømmene i de to rør bringes til å ligge omtrent 60°—70° faseforskjøvne. Hvis I betegner hovedstrømmen og i, og i2 strømmene i rørene 5 og 11 samt iC2 og i,,, strømmene gjennom kondensatoren 8 respektive reaktansen 13, fås for røret 11 vektordiagrammet ifølge fig. 2 og for røret 5 vektordiagrammet ifølge fig. 3, i hvilket røret 11 strøm i2 er inntegnet med streket linje. Som det sees er vinkelen mellom rørstrømmene i, og i2 ca. 60°—70°. The currents in the two tubes are brought to lie approximately 60°-70° out of phase. If I denotes the main current and i, and i2 the currents in the pipes 5 and 11 as well as iC2 and i,,, the currents through the capacitor 8 and the reactance 13 respectively, the vector diagram according to fig. is obtained for the pipe 11. 2 and for pipe 5 the vector diagram according to fig. 3, in which pipe 11 current i2 is drawn with a dashed line. As can be seen, the angle between the pipe currents i, and i2 is approx. 60°—70°.
Ved faseforskyvningen mellom rør-strømmene har de to rør ikke lysminima og lysmaksima samtidig, hvorved flimmerkompensering altså oppnås. Det beste ville naturligvis være med 90° vinkel mellom de to rørstrømmene, men shuntstrømmene ville da bli altfor store med tanke på ef-fektforbruket i elektrodene. Resultatet gjennom en vinkel av ca. 60°—70° utgjør derfor et praktisk gunstig kompromiss. Due to the phase shift between the tube currents, the two tubes do not have light minima and light maxima at the same time, whereby flicker compensation is thus achieved. The best would naturally be with a 90° angle between the two pipe currents, but the shunt currents would then be far too large in view of the power consumption in the electrodes. The result through an angle of approx. 60°—70° therefore constitutes a practically favorable compromise.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH483671A CH540165A (en) | 1971-04-02 | 1971-04-02 | Packaging material for filling goods containing free fatty acids |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO135022B true NO135022B (en) | 1976-10-18 |
NO135022C NO135022C (en) | 1977-01-26 |
Family
ID=4283397
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO1040/72A NO135022C (en) | 1971-04-02 | 1972-03-27 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5540426B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH540165A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2148726C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK144365C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2132300B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1378438A (en) |
IL (1) | IL39066A (en) |
IT (1) | IT953578B (en) |
NO (1) | NO135022C (en) |
SE (1) | SE395431B (en) |
YU (1) | YU34709B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5251041Y2 (en) * | 1973-05-31 | 1977-11-19 | ||
DE2514338A1 (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-14 | Vaw Leichtmetall Gmbh | STERILIZATION-RESISTANT AND HEAT-SEALABLE PACKAGING MATERIAL MADE OF ALUMINUM, ALUMINUM ALLOYS AND / OR ALUMINUM COMPOSITE MATERIALS |
FR2347265A1 (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1977-11-04 | Alcan Folien Gmbh | PACKAGING CONTAINER WRAPPED IN METAL-SYNTHETIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
JPS56166398A (en) * | 1980-05-26 | 1981-12-21 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | Adhesive bonded can which withstands pasteurization by heating |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1544898A (en) * | 1966-10-06 | 1968-11-08 | Alusuisse | Composite aluminum sheet |
DE1536306A1 (en) * | 1966-10-14 | 1970-01-08 | Alusuisse | Aluminum composite foil |
-
1971
- 1971-04-02 CH CH483671A patent/CH540165A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-09-29 DE DE2148726A patent/DE2148726C2/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-03-23 IL IL39066A patent/IL39066A/en unknown
- 1972-03-27 NO NO1040/72A patent/NO135022C/no unknown
- 1972-03-28 DK DK148172A patent/DK144365C/en active
- 1972-03-28 YU YU822/72A patent/YU34709B/en unknown
- 1972-03-29 SE SE7204133A patent/SE395431B/en unknown
- 1972-03-30 FR FR7211380A patent/FR2132300B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-03-30 GB GB1514272A patent/GB1378438A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-31 JP JP3183872A patent/JPS5540426B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-03-31 IT IT22690/72A patent/IT953578B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5540426B1 (en) | 1980-10-17 |
IT953578B (en) | 1973-08-10 |
DE2148726A1 (en) | 1972-11-09 |
DK144365C (en) | 1982-07-19 |
IL39066A (en) | 1975-03-13 |
DK144365B (en) | 1982-03-01 |
FR2132300A1 (en) | 1972-11-17 |
GB1378438A (en) | 1974-12-27 |
FR2132300B1 (en) | 1976-03-05 |
SE395431B (en) | 1977-08-15 |
YU34709B (en) | 1979-12-31 |
IL39066A0 (en) | 1972-05-30 |
DE2148726C2 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
CH540165A (en) | 1973-08-15 |
NO135022C (en) | 1977-01-26 |
YU82272A (en) | 1979-07-10 |
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