NO134929B - - Google Patents
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- NO134929B NO134929B NO1030/71A NO103071A NO134929B NO 134929 B NO134929 B NO 134929B NO 1030/71 A NO1030/71 A NO 1030/71A NO 103071 A NO103071 A NO 103071A NO 134929 B NO134929 B NO 134929B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- rumen
- substances
- biologically active
- acid
- glucose
- Prior art date
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- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003087 glucogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 16
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940088623 biologically active substance Drugs 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002787 omasum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003660 reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241000252983 Caecum Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000003165 abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003405 ileum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001630 jejunum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019909 Hernia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000019280 Pancreatic lipases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006759 Pancreatic lipases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011888 autopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000941 bile Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UKLRSMCWSA-N dextrose-2-13c Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[13C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UKLRSMCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003890 fistula Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KYYWBEYKBLQSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KYYWBEYKBLQSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116369 pancreatic lipase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019384 rice bran wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004170 rice bran wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
Nærværende oppfinnelse vedrbrer tilskuddsfor for drbv- The present invention relates to a subsidy for drbv-
tyggere, fremstilt i en slik form at de biologisk aktive substanser, f.eks. glukose og/eller glukogene stoffer, blir til-gjengelige for organismen forst etter at stoffene har passert vommen og er kommet til de etterliggende deler av fordoyelseskanalen. chewers, produced in such a form that the biologically active substances, e.g. glucose and/or glucogenic substances, become available to the organism only after the substances have passed the rumen and have reached the subsequent parts of the digestive tract.
Med "biologisk aktive substanser" skal her forstås substanser By "biologically active substances" is meant here substances
som normalt er gjenstand for kjemiske reaksjoner i nærvær av vomvæske og/eller vommikroflora eller påvirker disse. Denne klasse av substanser inkluderer næringsmidler som kan anvendes enkeltvis eller i enhver onsket kombinasjon. Med "glukogene stoffer" skal spesielt forstås stoffer som kan gi opphav til dannelse av glukose i organismen. which is normally subject to chemical reactions in the presence of rumen fluid and/or rumen microflora or affects these. This class of substances includes foodstuffs that can be used individually or in any desired combination. By "glucogenic substances" should be understood in particular substances that can give rise to the formation of glucose in the organism.
Det er vel kjent at drovtyggerne kan utnytte visse næringsstoffer som i og for seg ville være helt eller delvis ufordøye-lige i den ovrige fordbyelseskanal, på grunn av at disse stoffer forst utsettes for en omvandling gjennom mikrobeaktivitet i vommen. Det er også kjent at omvandlingen i vommen ikke er begrenset til de nevnte ufordoyelige stoffer, men i vekslende grad også skjer med stoffer som det ville være onskelig å la passere uforandret gjennom vommen. Nærværende oppfinnelse skaper nye muligheter for å la næringsstoffer passere helt eller delvis uangrepet gjennom vommen i en slik form at deres utnyttelse i de etterfølgende deler av drSvtyggernes fordbyelseskanal like- It is well known that ruminants can utilize certain nutrients which in and of themselves would be completely or partially indigestible in the rest of the digestive tract, due to the fact that these substances are first subjected to a transformation through microbial activity in the rumen. It is also known that the transformation in the rumen is not limited to the aforementioned indigestible substances, but to varying degrees also occurs with substances which it would be desirable to let pass through the rumen unchanged. The present invention creates new possibilities for allowing nutrients to pass completely or partially unharmed through the rumen in such a form that their utilization in the subsequent parts of the ruminant's digestive tract equally
vel kan finne sted. Samtidig medfbrer oppfinnelsen muligheter for å beskytte de prosesser som normalt foregår i vommen mot uheldig innvirkning av de passerende stoffer, f.eks. unormalt hbye konsentrasjoner av visse næringsstoffer. well can take place. At the same time, the invention provides opportunities to protect the processes that normally take place in the rumen against adverse effects of the passing substances, e.g. abnormally high concentrations of certain nutrients.
Fra: Proceedings II International Symposiom on Physiology of From: Proceedings II International Symposium on Physiology of
the Ruminant in 1964, (Arnes, Ohio, USA 1964), G.A. Garton's "The digestion and Assimilation of Lipids", (side 390 - 398) the Ruminant in 1964, (Arnes, Ohio, USA 1964), G.A. Garton's "The digestion and Assimilation of Lipids", (pages 390 - 398)
og S.B. Tove: "Fat metabolism in Ruminants (1964), (side and S.B. Tove: "Fat metabolism in Ruminants (1964), (p
399 - 410) er det kjent at mettede fettsyrer ikke blir ned-brutt i vommen, mens umettede fettsyrer og umettede fettsyre-glycerider hydrogeneres og henholdsvis hydrogeneres og hydrolyseres i vommen. 399 - 410) it is known that saturated fatty acids are not broken down in the rumen, while unsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acid glycerides are hydrogenated and respectively hydrogenated and hydrolysed in the rumen.
I artikkelen av S.B. Tove er nærmere redegjort for den prin-sipielle forskjell mellom fettfordoyelse hos en-magede dyr og drovtyggere. In the article by S.B. Tove has explained in more detail the principle difference between fat digestion in monogastric animals and ruminants.
Uten at enmagede og flermagede dyr på grunn av deres vidt forskjellige fordoyelsessystemer kan sammenlignes, så skal det nevnes at det er tidligere kjent å anvende fettsyrer som ente-risk overtrekk på humanmedisinske preparater, jfr. US patent nr. 2.373.763, US patent nr. 1.746.984, britisk patent nr. 595.444 og dansk patent nr. 82.998. Disse overtrekk har vist seg å være resistente mot magesaften, men opplosbare i tarmen, og det har således vært mulig å la humanmedisinske preparater passere magen uforandret slik at disse har kunnet frigjores i det etterfolgende tarmsystem. Without the fact that monogastric and multigastric animals can be compared due to their very different digestive systems, it should be mentioned that it is previously known to use fatty acids as an enteric coating on human medicinal preparations, cf. US Patent No. 2,373,763, US Patent No. 1,746,984, British Patent No. 595,444 and Danish Patent No. 82,998. These coatings have been shown to be resistant to gastric juice, but soluble in the intestine, and it has thus been possible to allow human medicinal preparations to pass through the stomach unchanged so that these could be released in the subsequent intestinal system.
Når det gjelder oral administrasjon av veterinærmedisinske preparater til drovtyggere, så foreligger det likeledes et behov for å la også slike preparater passere helt eller delvis uangrepet gjennom vommen i en slik form at deres utnyttelse kan finne sted i de etterfølgende deler av drovtyggerens fordbyelseskanal. Det er således kjent å anvende forskjellige rumen-resistente overtrekk for å beskytte biologisk aktive'stoffer mot rumen, og norsk patent nr. 121.528 vedrbrer blant annet fSr-tilsetningspreparater hvor aminosyrer er overtrukket med en beskyttende film av triglycerider, såsom hydrogenert fett av ve-getabilsk eller animalsk opprinnelse samt risklivoks. When it comes to the oral administration of veterinary medicinal preparations to ruminants, there is likewise a need to allow such preparations to pass completely or partially unharmed through the rumen in such a way that their utilization can take place in the subsequent parts of the ruminant's digestive tract. It is thus known to use various rumen-resistant coatings to protect biologically active substances from the rumen, and Norwegian patent no. 121,528 relates, among other things, to fSr additive preparations where amino acids are coated with a protective film of triglycerides, such as hydrogenated fat from getable or animal origin as well as rice bran wax.
Det er videre kjent fra US patent nr. 3.535.419 å anvende fettsyrer i blanding med et biologisk aktivt stoff og et densitet-modifiserende metallsalt for å avstedkomme et relativt tungt produkt som synker til bunnen av drbvtyggerdyrets vom, og som på grunn av fettsyrenes resistens overfor vommiljbet loses lang- somt opp, slik at man får en forsinket frigivelse av det biologisk aktive stoffet i vommen. It is further known from US patent no. 3,535,419 to use fatty acids in a mixture with a biologically active substance and a density-modifying metal salt to produce a relatively heavy product which sinks to the bottom of the rumen of the ruminant, and which, due to the resistance of the fatty acids facing the rumen is slowly loosened, so that you get a delayed release of the biologically active substance in the rumen.
Det er kjent at visse drovtyggere, særlig storfe under hoylakta-sjon, kan være i negativ energibalanse og særlig ha et udekket behov for glukose og/eller glukogene stoffer. Oppfinnelsen med-forer muligheter for å tilfore organismen bkede mengder glukose ved pral administrasjon, uten at vesentlig nedbrytning finner sted i vommen. It is known that certain ruminants, especially cattle during high lactation, can be in a negative energy balance and in particular have an unmet need for glucose and/or glucogenic substances. The invention brings with it possibilities to supply the organism with increased amounts of glucose by oral administration, without significant breakdown taking place in the rumen.
Vesentlige mangler ved de tidligere kjente metoder for beskyttelse mot angrep under passasje gjennom vommen er dels det forhold at metodenes anvendelighet er begrenset til visse typer næringsstoffer, dels at arten av den beskyttende komponent i seg selv ikke er tilfredsstillende. Significant shortcomings of the previously known methods for protection against attack during passage through the rumen are partly the fact that the applicability of the methods is limited to certain types of nutrients, and partly that the nature of the protective component in itself is not satisfactory.
Et vesentlig formål ved oppfinnelsen er å fremskaffe nye muligheter for beskyttelse av biologisk aktive substanser under passasje gjennom vommen. An essential purpose of the invention is to provide new possibilities for the protection of biologically active substances during passage through the rumen.
Ifolge oppfinnelsen er disse formål oppnådd ved at beskyttelsen utfores med mettede eller umettede, uforgrenede eller forgrenede, usubstituerte eller substituerte enbasiske karboksylsyrer med 14 eller flere karbonatomer i molekylet (i det folgende for enkelhets skyld kalt "fettsyrer"). Slike fettsyrer er bestandige mot angrep i vommen, samtidig som de er fordbyelige i ventrikkel og tarm hos drovtyggerne. Blant de reaksjoner som normalt foregår i vommen, inngår også omdannelse av fettstoffer. Dels vil umettede fettsyrekjeder hydrogeneres i stor utstrekning til mettede, og i enkelte tilfeller vil de også kunne nedbygges, dels vil fettstoffene hydrolyseres til frie fettsyrer og glycerol. Et karakteristisk sluttprodukt ved disse prosesser er derfor ufor-estrede, mettede fettsyrer. Disse fettsyrene nedbrytes ikke i vommen, og absorberes heller ikke der. Slike syrer vil derfor kunne benyttes til beskyttelse av andre stoffer under passasje gjennom vommen. According to the invention, these objectives are achieved by the protection being carried out with saturated or unsaturated, unbranched or branched, unsubstituted or substituted monobasic carboxylic acids with 14 or more carbon atoms in the molecule (hereinafter for simplicity called "fatty acids"). Such fatty acids are resistant to attack in the rumen, while at the same time they are digestible in the stomach and intestine of ruminants. The reactions that normally take place in the rumen also include the conversion of fatty substances. On the one hand, unsaturated fatty acid chains will be hydrogenated to a large extent to saturated ones, and in some cases they will also be able to be broken down, on the other hand the fatty substances will be hydrolysed to free fatty acids and glycerol. A characteristic end product of these processes is therefore unesterified, saturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are not broken down in the rumen, nor are they absorbed there. Such acids can therefore be used to protect other substances during passage through the rumen.
Ved å beskytte et biologisk aktivt stoff med et stoff som er motstandsdyktig mot påvirkningene i vommen, fremskaffer man en sperring mellom vommikrofloraen og det biologisk aktive stoffet. Denne sperring kan bestå i et overtrekk på enkelt-partikler av det biologisk aktive stoff, eller en matrise, i hvilken disse partikler er fordelt på en slik måte at de i det minste er delvis innelukket. Ifblge ovennevnte fremgangsmåte kan f.eks. glukose og/eller glukogene stoffer beskyttes fEem til passasjen gjennom tynntarmen, hvor absorpsjon kan finne sted. By protecting a biologically active substance with a substance that is resistant to the influences in the rumen, a barrier is created between the rumen microflora and the biologically active substance. This barrier can consist of a coating on individual particles of the biologically active substance, or a matrix, in which these particles are distributed in such a way that they are at least partially enclosed. According to the above procedure, e.g. glucose and/or glucogenic substances are protected before passage through the small intestine, where absorption can take place.
For den praktiske anvendelse for drovtyggere kan det ovenfor beskrevne prinsipp anvendes i en rekke forskjellige utfbrelser. Det er mange mulige fettsyrer eller blandinger derav som har de nbdvendige egenskaper. Oppfinnelsen setter i seg selv heller ingen grenser for partikkelstbrrelse eller form, og tilsetning av komponenter for endring av smeltepunkt, lbselighet, mekanisk holdbarhet, farge, smak, desitet etc. kan skje. Det er selvsagt heller intet til hinder for at flere biologisk aktive substanser samtidig beskyttes eller at det tilsettes stoffer som påvirker fordbyelsesmulighetene for de aktive bestanddeler eller graden av beskyttelse. For the practical application for ruminants, the principle described above can be used in a number of different embodiments. There are many possible fatty acids or mixtures thereof that have the necessary properties. The invention in itself also sets no limits for particle size or shape, and the addition of components to change the melting point, solubility, mechanical durability, colour, taste, density etc. can take place. Of course, there is also nothing to prevent several biologically active substances being protected at the same time, or substances being added that affect the degradation possibilities of the active ingredients or the degree of protection.
Fblgende eksempler viser en del mulige og/eller foretrukne utfbrelsesformer. De i eksemplene beskrevne preparater ble under-sbkt på beskyttelsens holdbarhet. De fblgende undersbkelses-metoder ble anvendt: a) Preparatene ble inkubert i frisk uttat vomsaft fra sau ved 39°C under rysting i de angitte tidsrom. Man må være oppmerk-som på at vomsaftens fysikalske egenskaper ikke vil være helt konstante. b) Preparatene ble også inkubert i oksegalle og pankreaslipase av tilnærmet fysiologisk konsentrasjon ved 39°C under rysting The following examples show some possible and/or preferred embodiments. The preparations described in the examples were tested for the durability of the protection. The following investigation methods were used: a) The preparations were incubated in freshly extracted rumen juice from sheep at 39°C with shaking for the specified periods of time. It must be noted that the physical properties of rumen juice will not be completely constant. b) The preparations were also incubated in ox bile and pancreatic lipase of approximately physiological concentration at 39°C with shaking
i 24 timer. Samtlige nedenfor nevnte preparater gikk under dette praktisk talt i opplbsning. for 24 hours. All the preparations mentioned below practically dissolved during this process.
De fblgende analysemetoder ble anvendt: The following analysis methods were used:
A. Tap av glukose malt med tracerteknikk, idet det ble anvendt 14 A. Loss of glucose measured by tracer technique, using 14
C -merket glukose. C -labeled glucose.
B. Restglukose i preparatet etter inkubasjonen ble bestemt ko-ior imetrisk (Autoanalyzer). C. Tap av methionin og kasein ble målt ved mikro-Kjelldahl-analyse. B. Residual glucose in the preparation after incubation was determined co-iometrically (Autoanalyzer). C. Loss of methionine and casein was measured by micro-Kjelldahl assay.
E. Særlig bestandige preparater ble målt gravimétrisk og bedomt E. Particularly resistant preparations were measured gravimetrically and assessed
visuelt. visually.
F. Obduksjon etter f&ringsforsok. F. Autopsy after attempted feeding.
En teknisk fettsyreblanding med fblgende sammensetning ble anvendt i eksemplene: A technical fatty acid mixture with the following composition was used in the examples:
10% myristinsyre (tetradecansyre) 10% myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid)
33% palmitinsyre (hexadecansyre) 33% palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)
27% stearinsyre (octadecansyre) 27% stearic acid (octadecanoic acid)
17% arachinsyre (eicosansyre) 17% arachinic acid (eicosanoic acid)
8% beherisyre (docosansyre). 8% beheric acid (docosanic acid).
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Oljesyre ble blandet med glukose og den tekniske fettsyreblanding slik at det fremkom et preparat med fblgende sammensetning: Oleic acid was mixed with glucose and the technical fatty acid mixture so that a preparation with the following composition emerged:
Analysemetode B. Glukosetapet etter 24 timer var 47%. Analysis method B. The glucose loss after 24 hours was 47%.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Som eksempel 1, men med 15% oljesyre. Analysemet.ode B. Glukosetapet etter 24 timer var 49%. As example 1, but with 15% oleic acid. Analysis method B. The glucose loss after 24 hours was 49%.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Som eksempel 1, men med 25% oljesyre. Analysemetode B. Glukosetapet etter 24 timer var 41%. As example 1, but with 25% oleic acid. Analysis method B. The glucose loss after 24 hours was 41%.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Som eksempel 1, men med 30% oljesyre. Analysemetode B. Glukosetapet etter 24 timer var 43%. As example 1, but with 30% oleic acid. Analysis method B. The glucose loss after 24 hours was 43%.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Som eksempel 1, men med 20% ricinolsyre (d-12-hydroxy-9-octade-censyre, cis) i stedet for oljesyre. Analysemetode B. Glukosetapet etter 24 timer var 49%. As example 1, but with 20% ricinoleic acid (d-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid, cis) instead of oleic acid. Analysis method B. The glucose loss after 24 hours was 49%.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Biologisk aktive substanser i form av perler av vekt 100-200 mg ble overtrukket med fettsyreblandingen. Overtrekkets tykkelse ble variert slik at det utgjorde fra 4 til 55% av preparatets vekt. Biologically active substances in the form of beads weighing 100-200 mg were coated with the fatty acid mixture. The thickness of the coating was varied so that it constituted from 4 to 55% of the preparation's weight.
Analysemetode E. Analysis method E.
Perler med mer enn 10% fettsyreovertrekk var upåvirket av vomsaft etter 24 timer, mens de biologisk aktive substanser i perler med mindre enn 10% fettsyreovertrekk gradvis ble utlost av vomsaften slik at fettsyreovertrekket alene ble tilbake. Pearls with more than 10% fatty acid coating were unaffected by rumen juice after 24 hours, while the biologically active substances in pearls with less than 10% fatty acid coating were gradually released by the rumen juice so that only the fatty acid coating remained.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
Det ble fremstilt et preparat med folgende sammensetning: 45% A preparation with the following composition was prepared: 45%
av fettsyreblandingen, 5% kalsiumkarbonat og 30% glukose.Som ytter-ligere biologisk aktiv bestanddel ble tilsatt 20% animalsk fett. of the fatty acid mixture, 5% calcium carbonate and 30% glucose. As an additional biologically active ingredient, 20% animal fat was added.
Preparatet ble anvendt i folgende fSringsforsok: The preparation was used in the following feeding experiments:
Tre lam, årsgamle, ble f6ret med 300 g hver av preparatet, blandet med 300 g kraftfor. Lammene ble slaktet henholdsvis 18, 12 Three lambs, one year old, were fed with 300 g each of the preparation, mixed with 300 g of concentrate. The lambs were slaughtered on the 18th and 12th respectively
og 8 timer etter at foringen begynte. and 8 hours after the feeding began.
Lam nr. i (18 timer): Et lite antall granula av preparatet tilbake i rumen, reticulum og omasum, tildels av redusert storrelse. Lamb no. i (18 hours): A small number of granules of the preparation returned to the rumen, reticulum and omasum, partly of reduced size.
I jejunum, ileum, caecum og colon: praktisk talt ingen spor av granula. In jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon: practically no trace of granules.
Lam nr. 2 (12 timer): Betydelige mengder nær intakte granula i rumen og reticulum, i omasum enkelte korn, i abomasum kun brokker, i jejunum, ileum, caecum og colon ingen spor. Lamb no. 2 (12 hours): Considerable amounts of near-intact granules in the rumen and reticulum, in the omasum some grains, in the abomasum only hernias, in the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon no traces.
Lam nr. 3 (8 timer): I rumen rikelig med intakte granula, likeledes i reticulum, sparsomt i omasum og abomasum, i de etterføl-gende deler ingen spor. Lamb no. 3 (8 hours): In the rumen plenty of intact granules, likewise in the reticulum, sparingly in the omasum and abomasum, in the following parts no traces.
Bestandigheten av fettsyrer i vommiljo er også underbygget ved in vivo forsok med standardisert "nylonbag-teknikk": Denne teknikk består i at det senkes ned en "nylonbag" med maske-storrelse på 200mm. Disse posene har et lodd i den ene enden, The persistence of fatty acids in the rumen environment has also been substantiated by in vivo experiments with a standardized "nylon bag technique": This technique consists in submerging a "nylon bag" with a mesh size of 200 mm. These bags have a draw at one end,
i et avlukke tett adskilt fra posen hvor stoffet som skal testes legges. Posene er festet til en permanent vomfistel i vomhudlag, som kan tettes helt igjen for å sikre anaerobe forhold. Posene er festet til sterk nylontråd, ca. 30 - 40 cm, slik at de vil folge vombevegelsene og utsettes for såvel mekaniske som bio-kjemiske påvirkninger i vommen. in a cubicle closely separated from the bag where the substance to be tested is placed. The bags are attached to a permanent rumen fistula in the rumen skin layer, which can be completely sealed to ensure anaerobic conditions. The bags are attached to strong nylon thread, approx. 30 - 40 cm, so that they will follow the rumen movements and be exposed to both mechanical and biochemical influences in the rumen.
Resultatene av en lang serie undersøkelser utfort ved hjelp av "nylonbag-teknikken" bekrefter til overmål at pellets laget av en blanding av stearinsyre + palmitinsyre er meget resistente, selv etter opphold i vommen i 19 timer. The results of a long series of investigations carried out using the "nylon bag technique" confirm beyond measure that pellets made from a mixture of stearic acid + palmitic acid are very resistant, even after staying in the rumen for 19 hours.
I en serie med 5 paralleller ble det anvendt pellets av ulik sammensetning for å få demonstrert resistensen av forskjellige fettsyrer og fettarter i sammen. Sammensetningen av pellet-typene var som folger i prosent: In a series of 5 parallels, pellets of different composition were used to demonstrate the resistance of different fatty acids and types of fat in combination. The composition of the pellet types was as follows in percentage:
Pelletene ble inkubert i henholdsvis 5 og.19 timer, og graden av angrep ble vurdert og betegnet med fra 0 til 5 kryss, hvor-ved 0 angir intet synlig angrep, X svakt angrep, XX betydelig angrep, XXX tydelig oppmykning, XXXX en grotaktig konsistent, og XXXXX at pelletene var opplost og forsvunnet. The pellets were incubated for 5 and 19 hours, respectively, and the degree of attack was assessed and denoted by 0 to 5 crosses, where 0 indicates no visible attack, X weak attack, XX significant attack, XXX clear softening, XXXX a cavernous consistent, and XXXXX that the pellets had dissolved and disappeared.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO1030/71A NO134929C (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1971-03-17 | |
FI720683A FI52797C (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-14 | Additive feed for ruminants. |
DE19722212568 DE2212568C3 (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-15 | Rumen feed additive for ruminants and its use for feeding ruminants |
JP2691272A JPS561057B1 (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | |
SE7203417A SE434108B (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | PARTICULAR ADDITIONAL FEED FOR EDITORS |
CA137,298A CA989733A (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | Rumen by-pass products |
CH385272A CH578840A5 (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | |
NL727203488A NL155178B (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURE OF GRAINS CONTAINING A NUTRITION OR MEDICINAL PRODUCT FOR Ruminants. |
GB1239072A GB1387038A (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | Rumen by-pass products |
ZA721806A ZA721806B (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | Rumen by-pass products |
ES401571A ES401571A1 (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-16 | A system for the control of the activity of nutritional and medicinal products for ruminants. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
FR7209472A FR2132027B1 (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-17 | |
DD161634A DD99722A5 (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-17 | |
DK125772AA DK138573B (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1972-03-17 | Preparation for the improvement of ruminant feed. |
US05/507,201 US3959493A (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1974-09-18 | Rumen bypass products comprising biologically active substances protected with aliphatic fatty acids |
DK77775A DK141680B (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1975-02-27 | Use of fatty acids as rumen resistant coatings on orally administered biologically active ruminant preparations. |
AT722376A AT350891B (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1976-09-29 | EMBEDDING OR ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS FOR SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE RUMEN SUBSTANTIALLY UNCHANGED |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO1030/71A NO134929C (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1971-03-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO134929B true NO134929B (en) | 1976-10-04 |
NO134929C NO134929C (en) | 1977-01-12 |
Family
ID=19877934
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO1030/71A NO134929C (en) | 1971-03-17 | 1971-03-17 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NO (1) | NO134929C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA721806B (en) |
-
1971
- 1971-03-17 NO NO1030/71A patent/NO134929C/no unknown
-
1972
- 1972-03-16 ZA ZA721806A patent/ZA721806B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA721806B (en) | 1973-05-30 |
NO134929C (en) | 1977-01-12 |
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