NO134060B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO134060B
NO134060B NO683769A NO376968A NO134060B NO 134060 B NO134060 B NO 134060B NO 683769 A NO683769 A NO 683769A NO 376968 A NO376968 A NO 376968A NO 134060 B NO134060 B NO 134060B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
weight
styrene
parts
pencil
acrylonitrile
Prior art date
Application number
NO683769A
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Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO134060C (en
Inventor
K-H Mueller
H Roehr
K-H Ott
Original Assignee
Bayer Ag
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Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Ag filed Critical Bayer Ag
Publication of NO134060B publication Critical patent/NO134060B/no
Publication of NO134060C publication Critical patent/NO134060C/no

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D13/00Pencil-leads; Crayon compositions; Chalk compositions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/322Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed parts being elongated inserts, e.g. cables
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • B29C44/507Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying extruding the compound through an annular die
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43KIMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K19/00Non-propelling pencils; Styles; Crayons; Chalks
    • B43K19/16Making non-propelling pencils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D151/00Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/043Skinned foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/725Drawing or writing equipment
    • B29L2031/7254Pencils

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Description

Oppfinnelsen vedrører en blyant, bestående av en stift av et grafittholdig eller annet farvende material i et The invention relates to a pencil, consisting of a pencil of a graphite-containing or other coloring material in a

-bindemiddel, samt en omhyllende kappe av skumplast med volum- -binding agent, as well as an enveloping sheath of foam plastic with volume-

vekt 0,3 - 0,7 g/cm^, idet blyanten er karakterisert ved at plasten i kappen utgjøres av a) 5-60 vekt# av en butadienpolymer inneholdende inntil 50 vekt% kopolymerisert styren, isopren, weight 0.3 - 0.7 g/cm^, the pencil being characterized by the fact that the plastic in the sheath consists of a) 5-60 wt% of a butadiene polymer containing up to 50 wt% copolymerized styrene, isoprene,

akrylnitril eller en lavere alkylester av akryl- acrylonitrile or a lower alkyl ester of acrylic

syre eller metakrylsyre og acid or methacrylic acid and

b) 95-^0 vekt% styren eller metylstyren, kopolymerisert med akryl- eller metakrylnitril, hvor vektforholdet mellom styrenmonomeren og nitrilmono- b) 95-^0% by weight styrene or methylstyrene, copolymerized with acrylic or methacrylonitrile, where the weight ratio between the styrene monomer and nitrile mono-

meren er fra 95:5 til 50:50, hvilke monomere kan være helt eller delvis erstattet med metylmetakrylat, the mer is from 95:5 to 50:50, which monomers may be fully or partially replaced with methyl methacrylate,

idet minst 10 vekt# av monomerene (b) er påpodet på butadienpolymeren (a), og den eventuelle rest av (b) er tilstede som en særskilt kopolymer. with at least 10% by weight of the monomers (b) being grafted onto the butadiene polymer (a), and the possible remainder of (b) being present as a separate copolymer.

Blyanter, såsom ordinære blyanter og fargeblyanter, blir vanligvis fremstillet ved å forsyne en vanlig blyantstift med et dekke a-v tre. Denne prosess .omfatter et betraktelig arbeid og mange spesielle betingelser og individuelle operasjoner. Disse kan oppsummeres i "følgende: 1. Bare førsteklasses tremateriale kan anvendes. Antallet av egnede tresorter er begrenset, for gode kvaliteter kan bare sedertre brukes. 2. Før det bearbeides, må treet tørkes under egnede betingelser. Innholdet av harpiks og eteriske oljer må verken overskride eller komme under visse grenser. 3. Det forbehandlede tre kuttes opp med spesielle sager i tynne eniner, som utsettes for følgende operasjoner: Farging, spor- utfresing, innsetning av stift, sammenliming, grovsliping og oppdeling til grovblyanter fulgt av ytterligere sliping Pencils, such as ordinary pencils and colored pencils, are usually made by providing a regular pencil lead with a cover a-v wood. This process involves considerable work and many special conditions and individual operations. These can be summarized as follows: 1. Only first-class wood material can be used. The number of suitable wood species is limited, for good qualities only cedar can be used. 2. Before processing, the wood must be dried under suitable conditions. The content of resin and essential oils must neither exceed nor fall below certain limits 3. The pre-treated wood is cut up with special saws into thin enins, which are subjected to the following operations: Staining, milling, insertion of staples, gluing together, rough grinding and division into rough pencils followed by further grinding

til den endelige form. to the final form.

4. Den etterfølgende polering og fernisering omfatter adskillig arbeid og en rekke individuelle operasjoner. 4. The subsequent polishing and varnishing involves a lot of work and a number of individual operations.

Forsøk har allerede vært gjort for å forenkle om-mantlingen av blyantstifter, f.eks. ved anvendelse av ekstru-sjonsprosesser, idet trematerialet erstattes helt eller delvis med andre materialer. Attempts have already been made to simplify the sheathing of pencils, e.g. by using extrusion processes, with the wood material being replaced in whole or in part with other materials.

Fra tysk bruksmønster nr. 1.709.581 (utlagt From German utility model no. 1,709,581 (excluded

27. oktober 1955) er det kjént å fremstille blyanter med skum-plastomhylling, idet skumplasthylsen kan være ekstrudert og stiften festes ved liming eller påkrymping. 27 October 1955) it is known to produce pencils with a foam plastic casing, as the foam plastic sleeve can be extruded and the pin is attached by gluing or shrinking.

Tysk patent nr. 839.092 med tilleggspatent nr. German patent no. 839,092 with supplementary patent no.

914.555 viser omhylling av tråder og kabler med skumplast ved ekstrudering. 914.555 shows sheathing of wires and cables with foam plastic during extrusion.

Fra "Modern Plastics Encyclopedia", volum 45, From "Modern Plastics Encyclopedia", Volume 45,

nr. IA (september 1967) er det kjent å fremstille ABS-skumplast som er som tre å føle på og også ligner tre av klang og utseende. No. IA (September 1967) it is known to produce ABS foam plastic which is like wood to the touch and also resembles wood in sound and appearance.

Fra US-patent nr. 2.988.784 er det kjent å tilveie-bringe god adhesjon mellom blyantstiften og hylsen ved at bindemidlet i stiften velges av et materiale som er beslektet med bindemidlet i hylsen. Hylsematerialet består heri i det vesent-lige av tremel, men det er angitt som fordelaktig å ekstrud-ere stiften og hylsen samtidig, slik at de to deler blir kombinert i en eneste prosess (spalte 9, linje 64-73). From US patent no. 2,988,784, it is known to provide good adhesion between the pencil lead and the sleeve by choosing the binder in the pencil from a material that is related to the binder in the sleeve. The sleeve material here essentially consists of wood flour, but it is indicated as advantageous to extrude the pin and the sleeve at the same time, so that the two parts are combined in a single process (column 9, lines 64-73).

Det er nå blitt funnet at blyanter av en hvilken It has now been found that pencils of which

som helst form og lengde kan formes kontinuerlig av oppskumbart termoplast med en volumvekt etter skumdannelse på 0,3 til 0,7 g/cm^, som hylsemateriale. Det er ingen forskjell på spissing av blyanter erholdt således, og blyanter med hylser av tre. any shape and length can be formed continuously from foamable thermoplastic with a volume weight after foaming of 0.3 to 0.7 g/cm^, as sleeve material. There is no difference between the sharpening of pencils obtained in this way and pencils with wooden sleeves.

Blyantene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan gis The pencils according to the present invention can be given

en hvilken som helst tverrsnittsform og lengde ved anvendelse av et munnstykke forbundet med en konvensjonell ekstruder. any cross-sectional shape and length using a nozzle connected to a conventional extruder.

De kan kuttes av maskiner på en hvilken som helst måte, fremstilles ved halv- eller helkontinuerlige prosesser. Polering og lakkering kan forenkles til en neddykking i et kon-vensjonelt oppløsningsmiddel. Blyantene kan også lakkeres ved „' konvensjonelle metoder og preges etter fargingen. En, konvensjoneli"enkeltskrue- eller dobbeltskrueekstruder anvendes til fremstilling av blyanter i samsvar med oppfinnelsen. Et.ekstruderhode av den type som beskrives for eksempel i tysk patent nr. 940.492, kan nyttes som ekstruderform i denne hensikt. They can be cut by machines in any way, manufactured by semi- or fully continuous processes. Polishing and varnishing can be simplified to an immersion in a conventional solvent. The pencils can also be lacquered using conventional methods and embossed after colouring. A conventional single-screw or double-screw extruder is used for the production of pencils in accordance with the invention. An extruder head of the type described, for example, in German patent no. 940,492, can be used as an extruder mold for this purpose.

Ved en annen foretrukket utførelse er ekstruderhodet utført på en slik måte at det er forsynt med et hensiktsmessig kjøle- eller oppvarmningsmedium, slik at temperaturen inne i formen kan reguleres etter behov. Ved anvendelse av disse foretrukne utførelser kan ekspansjonsprosessen influeres på en slik måte at volumvekten av det erholdte skum varierer fra utsiden til innsiden. In another preferred embodiment, the extruder head is designed in such a way that it is provided with an appropriate cooling or heating medium, so that the temperature inside the mold can be regulated as needed. When using these preferred embodiments, the expansion process can be influenced in such a way that the volume weight of the obtained foam varies from the outside to the inside.

Den ytre åpning (munnstykket) av ekstruderhodet The outer opening (nozzle) of the extruder head

er identisk med formen på blyanten som skal fremstilles. F.eks. kan et munnstykke av rund, sekskantet, trekantet eller oval tverrsnittsform anvendes. Diameteren av åpningen er vanligvis fra 5 til 15 mm og hensiktsmessig ca. 7 mm. Det er mulig å anvende blyantstifter av en hvilken som helst form og.diameter, f.eks. runde stifter med diameter 1,5 til ca. 3 mm, triangulære eller rektangulære stifter. is identical to the shape of the pencil to be produced. E.g. a nozzle of round, hexagonal, triangular or oval cross-sectional shape can be used. The diameter of the opening is usually from 5 to 15 mm and suitably approx. 7 mm. It is possible to use pencils of any shape and diameter, e.g. round pins with a diameter of 1.5 to approx. 3 mm, triangular or rectangular staples.

Termoplasten selv fremstilles etter kjente metoder. Konvensjonell plast kan anvendes. F.eks. vedrører britisk patent nr. 79^.400 fremstillingav ABS-polymere. The thermoplastic itself is produced according to known methods. Conventional plastic can be used. E.g. British Patent No. 79,400 relates to the manufacture of ABS polymers.

Materialer med en antistatisk finish, f.eks. av Materials with an antistatic finish, e.g. of

den art som beskrives i tysk utlegningsskrift nr. 1.244.398 og østerriksk patentskrift nr. 282.939 er hensiktsmessige ABS-polymere. På denne måte vil sponene som fjernes, falle direkte ned i samlebeholderen med det resultat at fresemaskindelene blir frie. the kind described in German specification no. 1,244,398 and Austrian patent specification no. 282,939 are suitable ABS polymers. In this way, the shavings that are removed will fall directly into the collection container, with the result that the milling machine parts will be free.

Ekspanderingsmidlene kan tilsettes etter kjente metoder. Når en granulert termoplast anvendes som utgangsmateriale, har det vist seg fordelaktig å anvende en liten mengde av en klebepåskynder, f.eks. 0,5 vekt$ (basert på hele blandingen) av butylstearat eller av en høyere alkylsulfonsyreester av fenol eller en substituert fenol. Dersom pulverisert termoplast anvendes er det ikke nødvendig å anvende et slikt middel. The expanding agents can be added according to known methods. When a granulated thermoplastic is used as starting material, it has been found advantageous to use a small amount of an adhesion accelerator, e.g. 0.5% by weight (based on the whole mixture) of butyl stearate or of a higher alkyl sulfonic acid ester of phenol or a substituted phenol. If powdered thermoplastic is used, it is not necessary to use such an agent.

Ekspansjonsmidlet kan innarbeides for eksempel The expansion agent can be incorporated, for example

ved hjelp-av en trommelblander i tilfelle -et granulat, og ved hjelp av en blander med stor hastighet i tilfelle et pulver anvendes. Vil man oppnå et skummateriale med ønsket volumvekt, by means of a drum mixer in the case of a granule, and by means of a mixer at high speed in the case of a powder being used. If you want to achieve a foam material with the desired volume weight,

må den ferdige blanding ha et innhold av ekspansjonsmiddel på fra must the finished mixture have an expansion agent content of

omlag 0,7 til 1 vekt#, skjønt volumvekten av skummet også. blir influert av fremstillingsbetingelsene. Som ekspansjonsmidler kan man bruke azodikarbonamid og midler på basis av sulfohydra-zid. I about 0.7 to 1 weight#, although the volume weight of the foam as well. is influenced by the manufacturing conditions. Azodicarbonamide and sulfohydrazide-based agents can be used as expansion agents. IN

Blandinger som inneholder ekspansjonsmidlet kan på konvensjonell måte bearbeides i en vanlig enkel- eller dobbeltskrueekstruder i et temperaturområde av fra 150 til 200°C. Enkel-skrueekstrudere er hensiktsmessige når et granulat anvendes som utgangsmateriale. Dobbeltskrueekstrudere anvendes fremfor ålt når et ekspanderbart termoplastpulver kommer til anvendelse.' Skjønt granulatene kan være farget, er det også mulig å tilsette passende pigmenter eller farger til pulveret under'blandeproses-sen i blandere med stor hastighet, og således erholde et farget produkt. Andre tilsetninger som f.eks. smøremidler, antistatiske midlerj stabilisatorer kan nyttes. Mixtures containing the expanding agent can be conventionally processed in a conventional single or twin screw extruder in a temperature range of from 150 to 200°C. Single-screw extruders are suitable when a granule is used as starting material. Twin-screw extruders are used above all when an expandable thermoplastic powder is used.' Although the granules may be coloured, it is also possible to add suitable pigments or colors to the powder during the mixing process in mixers at high speed, and thus obtain a colored product. Other additives such as e.g. lubricants, antistatic agents and stabilizers can be used.

Blyantstiftene blir omhyllet med skumplasten i et reverseringstype-ekstruderhode tilknyttet ekstruderen. Det inneholder to munnstykker, det ene inne i det andre; det indre munnstykke anvendes for å føre stiften, mens det ytre nyttes til å føre og forme den omhyllende ekspanderbare termoplast, som be-veger seg i samme retning som stiften. Et ekstrudermunnstykke som tillater å regulere temperaturen inne i munnstykket anvendes fortrinnsvis. The pencil leads are encased with the foam in a reversal type extruder head attached to the extruder. It contains two nozzles, one inside the other; the inner nozzle is used to guide the pin, while the outer one is used to guide and shape the enveloping expandable thermoplastic, which moves in the same direction as the pin. An extruder nozzle which allows the temperature inside the nozzle to be regulated is preferably used.

Den ekstruderte lengde av blyanten kan trekkes av, f.eks. ved hjelp av føringer og konvoyerbelter. For å oppnå The extruded length of the pencil can be subtracted, e.g. using guides and conveyor belts. To achieve

en høyglansoverflate lar man strengene passere gjennom et egnet oppløsningsmiddel, f.eks. metyletylketon, mens de føres bort. a high-gloss surface, the strands are allowed to pass through a suitable solvent, e.g. methyl ethyl ketone, while they are carried away.

Den endeløse streng blir deretter oppdelt i blyantlengder og preget. The endless string is then divided into pencil lengths and embossed.

I samsvar med oppfinnelsen blir den hittil anvendte ytterst kompliserte og for det meste satsvise produksjon av vanlige blyanter og fargeblyanter forenklet til en helkontinuerlig og effektiv ekstruderingsprosess. Blyantene som produseres har de samme fordeler som blyanter av tre. Den anvendte flerlagslak-kering og polering erstattes med en neddykking i et oppløsnings-middel. In accordance with the invention, the hitherto extremely complicated and mostly batch-wise production of ordinary pencils and colored pencils is simplified to a fully continuous and efficient extrusion process. The pencils produced have the same advantages as wooden pencils. The multi-layer varnishing and polishing used is replaced by an immersion in a solvent.

Blyantene som således erholdes er særdeles velegnet for anvendelse som skriveblyanter, og har ingen som helst ulemper når de sammenlignes med konvensjonelle blyanter av trematerialer. The pencils thus obtained are particularly suitable for use as writing pencils, and have no disadvantages whatsoever when compared with conventional pencils made of wooden materials.

Oppfinnelsen illustreres i følgende eksempler, The invention is illustrated in the following examples,

hvor deler og prosentdeler er vektangivelser hvor intet annet er angitt. where parts and percentages are weight indications where nothing else is stated.

Eksempel 1. Example 1.

Følgende komponenter blandes i en blander med The following components are mixed in a mixer with

stor hastighet: 1000 deler av en ABS-podepolymer av følgende sammensetning: high speed: 1000 parts of an ABS graft polymer of the following composition:

a) 25% av en podepolymer av 35% styren og 15% akrylnitril og 50% polybutadien, b) 75% styren/akrylnitril-kopolymer 70:30, 7i=0,60, c) 4 deler av en lineær polypropylenglykol med en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt på 2000 og OH-tall a) 25% of a graft polymer of 35% styrene and 15% acrylonitrile and 50% polybutadiene, b) 75% styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer 70:30, 7i=0.60, c) 4 parts of a linear polypropylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 2000 and OH number

på 56±1, of 56±1,

10 deler azodikarbonamid, 10 parts azodicarbonamide,

2,0 deler titandioksyd, 2.0 parts titanium dioxide,

0,4 deler jernoksyd brunt, og 0.4 parts iron oxide brown, and

0,04 deler kjønrøk. 0.04 parts carbon black.

Etterat alt er blitt homogenisert, blir denne blanding innført i en dobbeltskruet ekstruder forsynt med et rever-seringstypeutsprøytningshode. Utløpsåpningen av dette hode er rettvinklet til innføringsåpningen. Hodet er utført på en slik måte at et annet materiale kan innføres mellom innløpet og ut-løpet. Dette innløp som fører til midten av utløpsåpningen av formen er kjent som kappe. Utløpsåpningen av ekstruderhodet selv er i dette tilfelle en regulær sekskant med en diameter fra hjørne til hjørne på 7 mm. Det tilsvarer tverrsnittet av en normal sekskantet blyant. Dersom plasten ekstruderes gjennom dette ekstruderhode ved 150°C, og dersom en keramisk bundet grafittstift på 2 mm i diameter samtidig innføres gjennom kappen på ekstruderhodet, oppnås en kontinuerlig lengde av blyant hvor stiften er innleiret i ABS-skum av ovennevnte sammensetning. Den gjennom-snittelige volumvekt av skummet er 0,5 g/cm^. I lengderetningen er den således erholdte blyant brun av farge. Overflaten er glattet ved kort neddykking i metyletylketon. Den kuttes derpå After everything has been homogenized, this mixture is introduced into a twin-screw extruder fitted with a reversing type injection head. The outlet opening of this head is at right angles to the insertion opening. The head is designed in such a way that another material can be introduced between the inlet and the outlet. This inlet leading to the center of the outlet opening of the mold is known as the mantle. The outlet opening of the extruder head itself is in this case a regular hexagon with a corner-to-corner diameter of 7 mm. It corresponds to the cross-section of a normal hexagonal pencil. If the plastic is extruded through this extruder head at 150°C, and if a ceramic bonded graphite pin of 2 mm in diameter is simultaneously introduced through the jacket of the extruder head, a continuous length of pencil is obtained where the pin is embedded in ABS foam of the above composition. The average volume weight of the foam is 0.5 g/cm 2 . In the longitudinal direction, the pencil thus obtained is brown in colour. The surface is smoothed by brief immersion in methyl ethyl ketone. It is then cut

i blyanter av standard lengde, som kan bli spisset like lett som en blyant omhyllet av tre. in pencils of standard length, which can be sharpened as easily as a pencil sheathed in wood.

Eksempel 2. Example 2.

Følgende masser blandes sammen i en blander med høy hastighet: The following masses are mixed together in a mixer at high speed:

1000 deler av podepolymer av 1000 parts of graft polymer of

20% polybutadien, 20% polybutadiene,

50% metylmetåkrylat, 50% methyl methacrylate,

30% styren/akrylnitril i et vektforhold 70:30, 10 deler azqdikarbonamid og 30% styrene/acrylonitrile in a weight ratio of 70:30, 10 parts azdicarbonamide and

0,3 deler kjønrøk. 0.3 parts carbon black.

Blandingen blir videre behandlet som beskrevet i eksempel 1. Den resulterende blyant med grafittstift er lett å spisse. The mixture is further processed as described in example 1. The resulting pencil with graphite lead is easy to sharpen.

Eksempel 3- Example 3-

Dette eksempel viser den helkontinuerlige produksjon av blyanter: En stift av følgende sammensetning ekstruderes fra en enkelt skrueekstruder tilknyttet en 2 mm ekstruderform (hull-dyse): This example shows the fully continuous production of pencils: A pencil of the following composition is extruded from a single screw extruder connected to a 2 mm extruder die (hole die):

180 deler av ét podepolymer av 180 parts of one graft polymer of

h0% av vinylklorid, h0% of vinyl chloride,

23% vinylacetat og 23% vinyl acetate and

37% etylen, 37% ethylene,

20% podepolymer av 20% graft polymer of

a) 30% podepolymer av 35% styren og 15% akrylnitril og 50% polybutadien, og b) ' 70% av styren/akrylnitril-kopoTymer (vektforhold 70:30, °?i = 0,60), a) 30% graft polymer of 35% styrene and 15% acrylonitrile and 50% polybutadiene, and b) '70% of styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer (weight ratio 70:30, °?i = 0.60),

10 deler av en alkylsulfonsyreester av fenol med 10 parts of an alkyl sulfonic acid ester of phenol with

et alkylradikal med 15 karbonatomer, an alkyl radical with 15 carbon atoms,

10 deler barium/kadmium-laurat, 10 parts barium/cadmium laurate,

40 deler av bis-stearylamid av etylendiamin, og 750 deler grafitt. 40 parts of bis-stearylamide of ethylenediamine, and 750 parts of graphite.

En kontinuerlig streng av blyantstift erholdes. A continuous string of pencil lead is obtained.

Hulldysen er anbragt slik at den samtidig fungerer som kjerne eller dor for et ekstrudermunnstykke av den art som beskrives i eksempel 1. Ekstruderhodet selv er, tilsluttet en annen ekstruder (en dobbeltskrueekstruder) anbragt loddrett på den første prosessenhet. 'En ekspanderbar formbar komposisjon ekstruderes gjennom det ytre ekstruderhodet. Denne plastsam-mensetning er identisk med den som er beskrevet i eksempel-1, unntatt at styren/akrylnitril-kopolymeren er erstattet med en ekvivalent mengde av en a-^metylstyr-en/akrylnitril-kopclymer med den samme grenseviskositet. Ekstruderingen av begge blandinger The hole nozzle is arranged so that it simultaneously functions as a core or mandrel for an extruder nozzle of the type described in example 1. The extruder head itself is, connected to another extruder (a twin-screw extruder), arranged vertically on the first process unit. An expandable moldable composition is extruded through the outer extruder head. This plastic composition is identical to that described in example 1, except that the styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer is replaced by an equivalent amount of an α-methylstyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer with the same intrinsic viscosity. The extrusion of both mixtures

blir regulert slik at så snart den kommer frem fra hulldysen, is regulated so that as soon as it emerges from the hole nozzle,

blir den termoplastiske stift omgitt av plastskum. Dette skum har regulær sekskant-form og dimensjoner, som en normal blyant. the thermoplastic staple is surrounded by plastic foam. This foam has a regular hexagon shape and dimensions, like a normal pencil.

Den erholdte blyant i sammenhengende lengde føres gjennom et metyletylketon-bad for overflatefinish, og etter rask tørring kuttes den i standard-lengder. The resulting continuous-length pencil is passed through a methyl ethyl ketone bath for surface finish, and after rapid drying is cut into standard lengths.

Blyanten, fremstillet ved denne helkontinuerlige prosess, har de samme egenskaper som vanlige blyanter. The pencil, produced by this fully continuous process, has the same properties as ordinary pencils.

Eksempel 4. Example 4.

Fremstillingsmåten er som i eksempel 3. Blyantstiften har følgende sammensetning : The method of manufacture is as in example 3. The pencil has the following composition:

120 deler av en podepolymer av 80% vinylklorid, 120 parts of a graft polymer of 80% vinyl chloride,

2 3% vinylacetat og 37% etylen, 2 3% vinyl acetate and 37% ethylene,

80 deler av en blanding av 80 parts of a mixture of

a) 30% av en podepolymer av 35% styren og 15% akrylnitril og 50% butadien/styren-kopolymer a) 30% of a graft polymer of 35% styrene and 15% acrylonitrile and 50% butadiene/styrene copolymer

med forholdet 90:10, og with the ratio 90:10, and

b) 70% styren/akrylnitril-kopolymer med vektsfor-hold 70:30, ^ i =0,60, b) 70% styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer with weight ratio 70:30, ^ i =0.60,

10 deler av barium/kadmium-laurat, 10 parts of barium/cadmium laurate,

400 deler av et rødt fargestoff, 400 parts of a red dye,

10 deler av en alkylsulfonsyreester av fenol med et alkylradikal på 15 karbonatomer og 10 parts of an alkyl sulfonic acid ester of phenol with an alkyl radical of 15 carbon atoms and

400 deler talkum. 400 parts talc.

Også i dette tilfelle er fremstillingsprosessen fullstendig kontinuerlig. De fremstilte fargeblyanter har ut-merkede skriveegenskaper og kan spisses med vanlige blyantspissere. In this case too, the manufacturing process is completely continuous. The manufactured colored pencils have excellent writing properties and can be sharpened with normal pencil sharpeners.

Claims (3)

!• Blyant, bestående av en stift av' et gæafittholdig elier annet farvende material i et bindemiddel, samt en omhyllende kappe av skumplast med volumvekt 0,3 - 0,7 g/cm-<5>, karakterisert ved at plasten i kappen utgjøres av!• Pencil, consisting of a stick of a glue-containing or other coloring material in a binder, as well as an enveloping sheath of foam plastic with a volume weight of 0.3 - 0.7 g/cm-<5>, characterized in that the plastic in the sheath is of a) 5-60 vekt% av en butadienpolymer inneholdende inntil 50 vekt% kopolymerisert styren, isopren, akrylnitril eller en lavere alkylester av akrylsyre eller metakrylsyre og b) 95-40 vekt% styren-eller metylstyren, kopolymerisert ....med' akryl-, eller metakrylnitril,!. hvor vektf orholdet mellom styrenmonomeren og nitrilmonomeren'er fra 95 = 5 til'50:50, hvilke monomere kan være helt eller delvis erstattet med metylmetakrylat, idet minst 10 vekt% av monomerene (b) er påpodet på butadienpolymeren (a), og den eventuelle rest av (b) er tilstede som en særskilt kopolymer. a) 5-60% by weight of a butadiene polymer containing up to 50% by weight copolymerized styrene, isoprene, acrylonitrile or a lower alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and b) 95-40% by weight styrene or methylstyrene, copolymerized ... with acrylic -, or methacrylonitrile,!. where the weight ratio between the styrene monomer and the nitrile monomer is from 95 = 5 to'50:50, which monomers can be whole or partially replaced with methyl methacrylate, wherein at least 10% by weight of the monomers (b) is grafted onto the butadiene polymer (a), and the possible remainder of (b) is present as a separate copolymer. 2. Blyant ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at plasten er en blanding av 25 vekt% av en podepolymer av 35 vektdeler styren og 15 vektdeler akrylnitril på 50 vektdeler polybutadien, og 75 vekt% av en styren/akrylnitrilkopøly-mer med et vektforhold mellom styren og akrylnitril på 70:30. 2. Pencil according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic is a mixture of 25% by weight of a graft polymer of 35 parts by weight styrene and 15 parts by weight acrylonitrile on 50 parts by weight polybutadiene, and 75% by weight of a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer with a weight ratio of styrene and acrylonitrile at 70:30. 3. Blyant ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at stiftens bindemiddel består av en blanding av I. 1-100 vektdeler av en polymer av a) 25 - 100 vekt% etylen/vinylacetatkopolymer med et vinylacetatinnhold fra 20 til 70 vekt% og b) inntil 75 vekt% påpodet vinylklorid og II. 99-0 vektdeler av en podepolymer av a) 5-60 vekt% av en butadienpolymer, inneholdende inntil 30 vekt% kopolymerisert styren, isopren, akrylnitril eller en lavere alkylester av akryl- eller metakrylsyre og b) "95-40 vekt% styren eller metylstyren, kopolymerisert med akryl- eller metakrylnitril, hvor vektforholdet mellom styrenmonomeren og nitril-monomeren er fra 95:5 til 50:50, hvilke mono-merer kan være helt eller delvis erstattet med metylmetakrylat, idet minst 10 vekt% av monomerene (b) er påpodet på butadienpolymeren (a), og den eventuelle rest av (b) er tilstede som en særskilt kopolymer, idet valget av dette termoplastiske stiftbindemiddel tillater at blyanten fremstilles i en helkontinuerlig prosess.3. Pencil according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder of the pencil consists of a mixture of I. 1-100 parts by weight of a polymer of a) 25-100% by weight ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with a vinyl acetate content from 20 to 70% by weight and b) up to 75% by weight grafted vinyl chloride and II. 99-0 parts by weight of a graft polymer of a) 5-60% by weight of a butadiene polymer, containing up to 30% by weight of copolymerized styrene, isoprene, acrylonitrile or a lower alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and b) "95-40% by weight of styrene or methylstyrene, copolymerized with acrylic or methacrylonitrile, where the weight ratio between the styrene monomer and the nitrile monomer is from 95:5 to 50:50, which monomers can be completely or partially replaced with methyl methacrylate, wherein at least 10% by weight of the monomers (b) is grafted onto the butadiene polymer (a), and the possible remainder of (b) is present as a separate copolymer, as the choice of this thermoplastic staple binder allows the pencil to be manufactured in a fully continuous process.
NO683769A 1967-10-04 1968-09-24 NO134060C (en)

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DE19671561767 DE1561767B1 (en) 1967-10-04 1967-10-04 Pen

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AT (1) AT296467B (en)
BE (1) BE721839A (en)
CH (1) CH523791A (en)
DE (1) DE1561767B1 (en)
DK (1) DK131277B (en)
FR (1) FR1588294A (en)
GB (1) GB1240852A (en)
NL (1) NL6814263A (en)
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NO134060C (en) 1976-08-11
CH523791A (en) 1972-06-15
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GB1240852A (en) 1971-07-28
NL6814263A (en) 1969-04-09
AT296467B (en) 1972-02-10
BE721839A (en) 1969-03-14
DK131277C (en) 1975-11-24
US3704071A (en) 1972-11-28
DE1561767B1 (en) 1972-07-06
JPS4813368B1 (en) 1973-04-26
SE346086B (en) 1972-06-26

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