NO131525B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131525B NO131525B NO731672A NO167273A NO131525B NO 131525 B NO131525 B NO 131525B NO 731672 A NO731672 A NO 731672A NO 167273 A NO167273 A NO 167273A NO 131525 B NO131525 B NO 131525B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- detector
- wire
- light
- particles
- line
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007591 painting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
- A62C35/60—Pipe-line systems wet, i.e. containing extinguishing material even when not in use
- A62C35/605—Pipe-line systems wet, i.e. containing extinguishing material even when not in use operating and sounding alarm automatically
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/04—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for dust or loosely-baled or loosely-piled materials, e.g. in silos, in chimneys
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
Detektor anordnet i en rørledning. Detector arranged in a pipeline.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer en i en rorledning anordnet detektor med minst to lysfolsomme elementer, slik som fotoceller, for indikering av ved transport av en partikkelmasse i ledning- The present invention relates to a detector arranged in a rudder line with at least two light-sensitive elements, such as photocells, for indicating the transport of a particle mass in the line
en opptredende hete, dvs. brennende eller giddende partikler, an appearance of heat, i.e. burning or stinging particles,
som hurtig passerer i ledningens lengderetning efter hverandre folgende og til resp. element horende avsokningssoner, hvilke defineres av tilsvarende nærbeliggende åpninger i et raster, which quickly pass in the lengthwise direction of the wire one after the other and to resp. element-related clearance zones, which are defined by corresponding nearby openings in a grid,
idet signaler som stammer fra elementene, danner et pulstog, hvilket via en forsterker benyttes for å uskadeliggjore partiklene . as signals originating from the elements form a pulse train, which is used via an amplifier to render the particles harmless.
Som eksempel på et område innenfor hvilket oppfinnelsen kan anvendes, skal nevnes pneumatisk transport av brennbare partik-'ler, slik som cellulosefibre, i rdrledninger i forbindelse med bearbeidelse eller tdrking av materiale. Derved kan partikler opphetes slik at de danner gnister eller ildflak innenfor en risikosone eller av 'basregassen transporteres gjennom eh slik sone. Slike giddende partikler kan, hvis de inneholder tilstrek-kelig energimengde, initiere brann eller eksplosjon, som kan for-årsake store skader med derav fdlgende driftsavbrudd. As an example of an area within which the invention can be used, mention should be made of pneumatic transport of combustible particles, such as cellulose fibres, in pipelines in connection with the processing or drying of material. Thereby, particles can be heated so that they form sparks or flakes of fire within a risk zone or the base gas is transported through such a zone. Such irritating particles can, if they contain a sufficient amount of energy, initiate a fire or explosion, which can cause major damage with consequent interruption of operation.
Oppfinnelsen vedrorer på en sikker måte å kunne oppdage de giddende partikler, selv om disses hastighet er hdy, samt på kortest mulig tid, slik som millisekunder, muliggjdre innsetting av mot-midler for å isolere risikoområdet og/eller tilfdring av sluk-nings- eller kvelningsmidler, for brann eller eksplosjon oppstår. The invention relates to being able to detect the irritating particles in a safe way, even if their speed is high, and in the shortest possible time, such as milliseconds, enabling the insertion of countermeasures to isolate the risk area and/or the supply of extinguishing or asphyxiants, in case of fire or explosion.
Dette oppnås ifdlge oppfinnelsen ved en detektor av det i inn-ledningen nevnte slag stort sett ved at hver åpning har en slik utstrekning at hver av de adskilt innenfor detektorens avsdkningsområde foreliggende soner dekker ledningens totale tverrsnitt, samt at detektorens del som vender mot ledningens innside, begrenses av et hus som kun slipper igjennom lys- og/eller varmestråling, hvilket hus stort sett har kuppelform i ledningen. According to the invention, this is achieved by a detector of the type mentioned in the introduction largely by each opening having such an extent that each of the separate zones present within the detector's coverage area covers the entire cross-section of the wire, and that the part of the detector that faces the inside of the wire, limited by a house that only lets light and/or heat radiation through, which house mostly has a dome shape in the line.
Ved at minst to soner innenfor et meget kort tidsintervall påvirkes av den giddende partikkel, hindres en alarmutldsning ved ufarlige lys- eller varmeendringer i synsfeltet, f.eks. ved tenning av lamper, åpning av luker for dagslys e.l. Ved at detektorens del som vender mot ledningens indre, stort sett har kuppelform, holdes minimal igjentetning av rasteråpningene. As at least two zones within a very short time interval are affected by the irritating particle, an alarm is prevented from being triggered by harmless light or heat changes in the field of vision, e.g. when lighting lamps, opening hatches for daylight etc. As the part of the detector that faces the inside of the wire is largely dome-shaped, minimal sealing of the grid openings is kept.
Ved anvendelse av separate linser for hver åpning og/eller en annen utformning av den mot ledningen vendende del av detektoren, er der vesentlig stdrre risiko for en slik igjentetning When using separate lenses for each opening and/or a different design of the part of the detector facing the line, there is a significantly greater risk of such a blockage
av partikler. of particles.
Oppfinnelsen vil bli nærmere beskrevet nedenfor under henvisning til tegningene. Fig. 1 viser prinsippet for en detektor med en i en rorledning anbragt giver. Fig. 2 viser nærmere i detalj prinsippet for den nye detektors virkemåte, idet figuren viser et snitt gjennom en giver. Fig. 3 viser en hensiktsmessig utfdrelsesform av den nye detektor . 1 fig. 1 betegner 10 en rorledning, gjennom hvilken et materiale transporteres i form av partikler, slik som cellulosefibre, ved hjelp av et gassformet medium, f.eks. en blanding av luft og forbrenningsgasser. På rorledningen er det anbragt en giver, generelt betegnet med 12, som kan være utformet i overensstemmel-se med hva som fremgår av fig. 3. I prinsippskissen ifolge fig. 2 er et hus 16 anbragt på en plate 14, idet huset danner et antall, i foreliggende tilfelle seks, celler 18, som er innbyr-des adskilt ved hjelp av mellomvegger 20 samt oventil dekket av et som raster utformet tak 22. Taket 22 er forsynt med innbyr-des parallelle spalter eller åpninger 24, én for hver celle 18. Taket er dekket av et sjikt 25, som slipper igjennom lys og/eller varme og som hindrer inntrengning av fremmede partikler i cel-lene 18. Åpningene 24 forldper vinkelrett på rorets 10 lengderetning. De adskilte celler 18 er avskjermet fra hverandre og med unntagelse av åpningene 24 også fra omgivelsene. I bunnen av hver celle, fortrinnsvis i midten av de i likhet med åpningene 24 avlange celler 18, er der et lysfolsomt element 26, The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 shows the principle of a detector with a sensor placed in a rudder line. Fig. 2 shows in more detail the principle of the new detector's operation, as the figure shows a section through a sensor. Fig. 3 shows a suitable embodiment of the new detector. 1 fig. 1, 10 denotes a conduit through which a material is transported in the form of particles, such as cellulose fibres, by means of a gaseous medium, e.g. a mixture of air and combustion gases. On the rudder line is placed a sensor, generally denoted by 12, which can be designed in accordance with what appears in fig. 3. In the principle sketch according to fig. 2, a house 16 is placed on a plate 14, the house forming a number, in the present case six, cells 18, which are separated from each other by means of intermediate walls 20 and covered on top by a roof 22 designed as a grid. The roof 22 is provided with mutually parallel slits or openings 24, one for each cell 18. The roof is covered by a layer 25, which allows light and/or heat to pass through and which prevents the penetration of foreign particles into the cells 18. The openings 24 extend perpendicularly on the rudder's 10 longitudinal direction. The separate cells 18 are shielded from each other and, with the exception of the openings 24, also from the surroundings. At the bottom of each cell, preferably in the middle of the elongated cells 18 similar to the openings 24, there is a light-sensitive element 26,
f.eks. en fotocelle, som innenfor en avsokningssone innenfor en viss romvinkel v, begrenset av plan 28, 30, kan oppfange varme-resp. lysstråling utsendt fra rorets indre. Hver avsokningssone danner således vinkelrett på tegningsplanet en spalte, som begrenses av planene 28, 30. De forskjellige soner er ifolge fig. e.g. a photocell, which within a scanning zone within a certain spatial angle v, limited by planes 28, 30, can capture heat or light radiation emitted from the interior of the rudder. Each scanning zone thus forms a gap perpendicular to the drawing plane, which is limited by the planes 28, 30. The different zones are, according to fig.
2 adskilt fra hverandre, og hvis således en giddende partikkel 2 separated from each other, and if thus a stinging particle
32 passerer roret langs linjen 33, vil den befinne seg i synsfeltet for den fdrste avsdkningssones lysfdlsomme element fra og med stillingen 32 og til stillingen 32'. Derefter opphorer par-tikkelens påvirkning på giveren 12, inntil den når neste avsdkningssones begrensningslinje 28, hvorved neste lysfdlsomme element 26 mottar varmestråling idet partikkelen passerer denne avsokningssone til stillingen 32' osv. Den giddende partikkel 32 vil altså suksessivt og på forskjellige tidspunkter avgi sin varmestråling til de på linje efter hverandre anordnede lysfdl- 32, if the rudder passes along line 33, it will be in the field of vision of the first screening zone's light-sensitive element from and including position 32 to position 32'. The particle's influence on the sensor 12 then ceases, until it reaches the next scanning zone's limit line 28, whereby the next light-conducting element 26 receives heat radiation as the particle passes this scanning zone to the position 32', etc. The irritating particle 32 will therefore emit its heat radiation successively and at different times to the LEDs arranged in line one after the other
somme elementer 26. some elements 26.
Elementene 26 er koblet til én eller flere forsterkere 34 i et kontrollutstyr 36. De som et pulstog fra de forskjellige lysfolsomme elementer utsendte signaler passerer derpå en filterenhet 38, som er således beskaffen at den bare aksepterer pulser hvis steilhet (pulsens front) overskrider en innstilt verdi, hvilket bidrar til å gjore detektoren ufolsom for uvedkommende forstyr-relser. Pulstoget passerer så en pulsomformer 40, en telleenhet 42 og en alarmenhet 44, fra hvilken alarmsignalene utsendes. For at alarm skal utldses må ved prinsippskissen ifolge fig. 2, seks lysfolsomme elementer 26 efter hverandre utsettes for den giddende partikkels stråling. Hensikten med dette er å eliminere innkommende lyseffekter som er ufarlige men som tross dette påvirker de lysfolsomme elementer og ikke utsorteres av filterenheten 38. Antall aksepterte pulser telles i telleverket 4 2 som automatisk nullstiller detektoren hvis ikke innstilt antall pulser er inn-kommet under normal tid, hvorved falsk alarm hindres. The elements 26 are connected to one or more amplifiers 34 in a control device 36. The signals emitted as a pulse train from the various light-sensitive elements then pass a filter unit 38, which is such that it only accepts pulses whose steepness (pulse front) exceeds a set value, which contributes to making the detector insensitive to extraneous disturbances. The pulse train then passes a pulse converter 40, a counting unit 42 and an alarm unit 44, from which the alarm signals are emitted. In order for the alarm to be triggered, the principle sketch according to fig. 2, six light-sensitive elements 26 are successively exposed to the incident particle's radiation. The purpose of this is to eliminate incoming light effects which are harmless but which despite this affect the light-sensitive elements and are not sorted out by the filter unit 38. The number of accepted pulses is counted in the counter 4 2 which automatically resets the detector if the set number of pulses has not arrived during the normal time , thereby preventing false alarms.
Normalt ligger strålingen fra giddende partikler innenfor det infrardde område. Ved valg av lysfdlsomt element kan giveren gjdres ufolsom for normalt dagslys og lys f.eks. fra lysror. Videre sikrer filterenheten ved bare å akseptere innkommende pulser hvis front har en steil karakter, at uvedkommende for-styrrelser ikke utldser alarm. Detektoren er således i flere henseender utformet for å forebygge feilutldsning. Derimot rea-gerer detektoren på giddende partikler også når strdmningshastig-heten i synsfeltet slik som i roret lo er meget hdy og kontroll-utstyret 36 rekker altså raskt å avbryte prosessen for det Normally, the radiation from vibrating particles lies within the infrared range. By choosing a light-sensitive element, the sensor can be made insensitive to normal daylight and light, e.g. from light rudder. Furthermore, by only accepting incoming pulses whose front has a steep character, the filter unit ensures that extraneous disturbances do not trigger an alarm. The detector is thus designed in several respects to prevent misfires. In contrast, the detector reacts to moving particles also when the flow speed in the field of vision, such as in the rudder, is very high and the control equipment 36 is therefore quickly able to interrupt the process for it
oppstår brann eller eksplosjon i systemet. fire or explosion occurs in the system.
Ved den i fig. 3 viste utfdrelse av .en detektor ifolge oppfinnelsen er giveren 12 ved hjelp av en mellomvegg 52 oppdelt i to fra hverandre adskilte avsdkningssoner, som hver strekker seg over romvinkelen v'. Hver sone har et ldsfdlsomt element 54. Giveren er omsluttet av et kuppelformet, gjennomsiktig hus 56. I By the one in fig. 3 shows the embodiment of a detector according to the invention, the sensor 12 is divided by means of an intermediate wall 52 into two separate detection zones, each of which extends over the solid angle v'. Each zone has a conductive element 54. The transmitter is enclosed by a dome-shaped, transparent housing 56. In
dette tilfelle påvirkes giveren to ganger under den giddende in this case the giver is affected twice during the prompting
partikkels 32 passasje forbi rasteret med avbrudd over en strek-ning som bestemmes av mellomveggen 52. passage of particle 32 past the grid with interruptions over a stretch determined by the intermediate wall 52.
Et område innenfor hvilket oppfinnelsen med fordel kan anvendes, vedrorer tdrking av cellulosefibre, som er fremstilt ved én eller flere maleprosesser. De fuktige fibre'passerer gjennom et torke-apparat, i hvilket hete gasser fra en brenner innfores. De tdr-kede fibre fores derpå av gasstrdmmen og ved hjelp av hensikts-messige vifter til en syklon, hvor fibrene skilles fra gassen og en stor del av vanninnholdet. Detektoren ifolge oppfinnelsen innsettes i rorledningen mellom tdrkeapparat og syklon for å hindre at fiberpartikler som er opphetet til glodning i torke-apparatet, folger med til syklonen resp. til efter denne anbragt stdvfilter. Derved elimineres den ellers hdye brann- og eksplo-sjonsrisiko ved at detektoren praktisk talt dyeblikkelig avbryter tdrkeprosessen resp. innforer brannhemmende midler i systemet. An area within which the invention can be advantageously used relates to the drying of cellulose fibres, which have been produced by one or more painting processes. The moist fibers pass through a drying apparatus, into which hot gases from a burner are introduced. The dried fibers are then fed by the gas stream and by means of suitable fans to a cyclone, where the fibers are separated from the gas and a large part of the water content. The detector according to the invention is inserted in the pipe line between the dryer and the cyclone to prevent fiber particles that have been heated to glow in the dryer from being carried to the cyclone or to after this placed stdv filter. Thereby, the otherwise high risk of fire and explosion is eliminated by the fact that the detector practically instantly interrupts the drying process or introduces fire retardants into the system.
Oppfinnelsen er selvsagt ikke begrenset til de viste utfdrelses-former, idet den kan varieres på mange måter innenfor rammen av det prinsipp som ligger til grunn for oppfinnelsen. Ved å velge forskjellige typer av lysfolsomme elementer eller anvende forskjellige typer av filtre, kan giveren gjdres fdlsom for stråling av dnsket frekvens. The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments shown, as it can be varied in many ways within the scope of the principle underlying the invention. By choosing different types of light-sensitive elements or using different types of filters, the transducer can be made sensitive to radiation of a desired frequency.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE05380/72A SE364588B (en) | 1972-04-24 | 1972-04-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131525B true NO131525B (en) | 1975-03-03 |
NO131525C NO131525C (en) | 1975-06-11 |
Family
ID=20266340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO731672A NO131525C (en) | 1972-04-24 | 1973-04-18 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3824392A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2319033C3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK142735B (en) |
FI (1) | FI60615C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2182486A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1397158A (en) |
NO (1) | NO131525C (en) |
SE (1) | SE364588B (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3896311A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-07-22 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pyroelectric motion and temperature sensitive infrared detector with conductive fingers |
US3958118A (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-05-18 | Security Organization Supreme-Sos-Inc. | Intrusion detection devices employing multiple scan zones |
DE2852971C2 (en) * | 1978-12-07 | 1985-02-14 | Preussag Ag Feuerschutz, 2060 Bad Oldesloe | Fire alarm |
US4520343A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1985-05-28 | Hiroshi Koh | Lift control system |
JPS57125496A (en) * | 1981-01-27 | 1982-08-04 | Fujitec Kk | Condition detector |
US5196689A (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1993-03-23 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Device for detecting an object including a light-sensitive detecting array |
GB9215757D0 (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1992-09-09 | Bridisco Ltd | A pir sensor device |
SE501123C2 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1994-11-21 | Firefly Ab | detector arrangement |
US5548276A (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1996-08-20 | Alan E. Thomas | Localized automatic fire extinguishing apparatus |
USRE39081E1 (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 2006-05-02 | Alan E. Thomas | Localized automatic fire extinguishing apparatus |
SE515579C2 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2001-09-03 | Firefly Ab | Detector arrangement for detecting particles that may cause fire or explosion in a particle stream |
DE10249743A1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-06 | Forschungsgesellschaft für angewandte Systemsicherheit und Arbeitsmedizin e.V. | Device for detecting smoldering nests |
EP2244237B1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2012-07-04 | Minimax GmbH & Co. KG | Device for recognising and reporting sparks of combustible materials |
US9162095B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2015-10-20 | Alan E. Thomas | Temperature-based fire detection |
ES2978879T3 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2024-09-23 | Atexon Oy | Spark detection |
SE541639C2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2019-11-19 | Firefly Ab | Determination of risk level for particles |
SE541656C2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2019-11-19 | Firefly Ab | Monitoring of particle temperature trends |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2016036A (en) * | 1932-02-04 | 1935-10-01 | Gerald Alan S Fits | Photo-electric system |
US2198725A (en) * | 1937-12-09 | 1940-04-30 | Hammond V Hayes | Alarm system |
US2653309A (en) * | 1950-03-09 | 1953-09-22 | Gen Electric | Object detection |
US2931913A (en) * | 1953-01-02 | 1960-04-05 | Jr Geary A Long | Radiation receiver |
US2774961A (en) * | 1954-08-30 | 1956-12-18 | Orlando Carl | Moving object indicator |
US3036219A (en) * | 1958-05-01 | 1962-05-22 | Arthur V Thompson | Passive radiation proximity detector |
US3727057A (en) * | 1962-06-15 | 1973-04-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Infrared detector device with a mosaic of oppositely-poled adjacent elements |
US3480775A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1969-11-25 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Radiation sensitive omnidirectional motion detector system |
US3399307A (en) * | 1965-05-20 | 1968-08-27 | Bell & Howell Co | Motion sensing exposure system for optical instruments |
-
1972
- 1972-04-24 SE SE05380/72A patent/SE364588B/xx unknown
-
1973
- 1973-04-14 DE DE2319033A patent/DE2319033C3/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-18 FI FI1257/73A patent/FI60615C/en active
- 1973-04-18 DK DK217873AA patent/DK142735B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-04-18 NO NO731672A patent/NO131525C/no unknown
- 1973-04-19 GB GB1889273A patent/GB1397158A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-20 FR FR7314584A patent/FR2182486A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-04-23 US US00353313A patent/US3824392A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI60615B (en) | 1981-10-30 |
FR2182486A5 (en) | 1973-12-07 |
DE2319033B2 (en) | 1977-09-22 |
DE2319033C3 (en) | 1978-05-11 |
DK142735B (en) | 1981-01-05 |
US3824392A (en) | 1974-07-16 |
SE364588B (en) | 1974-02-25 |
GB1397158A (en) | 1975-06-11 |
DK142735C (en) | 1981-08-10 |
FI60615C (en) | 1982-02-10 |
DE2319033A1 (en) | 1973-11-15 |
NO131525C (en) | 1975-06-11 |
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