NO130287B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO130287B NO130287B NO00883/71A NO88371A NO130287B NO 130287 B NO130287 B NO 130287B NO 00883/71 A NO00883/71 A NO 00883/71A NO 88371 A NO88371 A NO 88371A NO 130287 B NO130287 B NO 130287B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- liquid
- agent
- submerged
- tin compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002942 anti-growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007058 Halophila ovalis Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- -1 carbon hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009422 growth inhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/34—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for marking conductors or cables
- H01B13/345—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for marking conductors or cables by spraying, ejecting or dispensing marking fluid
- H01B13/347—Electrostatic deflection of the fluid jets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
- Y10S118/21—Wire and cord striper
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til å hindre begroning av marine mikroorganismer på gjenstander som er neddykket i sjøvann, f. eks. skipsskrog. Procedure to prevent the fouling of marine microorganisms on objects immersed in seawater, e.g. ship's hull.
Det er velkjent at gjenstander som er It is well known that objects that are
neddykket i sjøvann, blir bevokset med immersed in seawater, is overgrown with
grønske og andre arter av havvekster. For seaweed and other species of sea plants. For
å redusere slik marin bevoksing har mari to reduce such marine vegetation has mari
eksperimentert med forskjellige stoffer experimented with different substances
som er egnet til å drepe den marine vege-tasjon over den neddykke te del av et skipsskrog. Som eksempler på slike destruktive which is suitable for killing the marine vegetation over the submerged part of a ship's hull. As examples of such destructive
midler kan nevnes exhaustgassene fra for-brenningsmotorer, samt oljer. Olje kan væ-re fordelaktig å bruke, men har den ulempe agents can be mentioned the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, as well as oils. Oil can be advantageous to use, but it has disadvantages
at et overskudd av olje kan gi tilsmussing that an excess of oil can cause fouling
av sjøen som omgir den gjenstand som behandles. of the sea surrounding the object being treated.
En hensikt med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er å øke effektiviteten når det anvendes olje og liknende væsker til å be-kjempe bevoksingen med havvekster. One purpose of the present invention is to increase the efficiency when oil and similar liquids are used to combat the growth of marine vegetation.
Ytterligere en hensikt er å minske den A further purpose is to reduce it
mengde olje eller liknende væske som kre-ves for en gitt grad av beskyttelse, og derved minske muligheten for tilsmussing. amount of oil or similar liquid required for a given degree of protection, thereby reducing the possibility of soiling.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører The present invention relates to
følgelig en fremgangsmåte til å hindre therefore, a method to prevent
eller redusere begroning av marine mikroorganismer på gjenstander som er neddykket i sjøvann, for eksempel skipsskrog, or reduce the fouling of marine micro-organisms on objects submerged in seawater, for example ship hulls,
hvor gjenstanden belegges med et flytende where the object is coated with a liquid
ikketørkende begroningshindrende middel, non-drying anti-fouling agent,
særlig på basis av kullhydrogen, som for-deles over den neddykkete del av gjenstanden ved å dispergeres i en bæregass, som in particular on the basis of carbon hydrogen, which is distributed over the submerged part of the object by being dispersed in a carrier gas, which
deretter bringes til å boble ut under gjenstanden, så at boblene bringer det flytende then bubbled out from under the object, so that the bubbles liquefy it
ikketørkende middel til å fordele seg over non-drying agent to spread over
gjenstandens neddykkete overflate. Et kjen-netegnende trekk ved oppfinnelsen er at en the submerged surface of the object. A characteristic feature of the invention is that a
mindre andel av en som begroningshindrende middel i tørkende belegg kjent trialkyl- eller triaryl-tinnforbindelse er opp-løst i det ikketørkende kullhydrogen. a smaller proportion of a trialkyl or triaryl tin compound known as an antifouling agent in drying coatings is dissolved in the non-drying carbon hydrogen.
Ifølge ytterligere et trekk ved oppfinnelsen anvendes tinnforbindelsen i en mengde av fra 0,01 til 0,2 vektsprosent av kullhydrogenet. According to a further feature of the invention, the tin compound is used in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight of the coal hydrogen.
Som det vil fremgå, er de begroningshindrende midler som brukes, tidligere foreslått som tilsetning til tørkende belegg. Imidlertid har de herunder ikke vist seg særlig hensiktsmessige. En stor ulempe har således bestått i at organiske tinnforbindelser rent generelt har vært mindre be-standige; i særdeleshet har deres giftighet avtatt meget raskt etter beleggets påfør-ing. Hovedårsaken til dette er at tinnet ok-syderes til et harmløst oksyd, særlig når det kommer i kontakt med oksygenet i sjøvann. As will be seen, the anti-fouling agents used have previously been proposed as an addition to drying coatings. However, the following have not proven to be particularly appropriate. A major disadvantage has thus consisted in the fact that organic tin compounds have generally been less stable; in particular, their toxicity decreased very quickly after the coating was applied. The main reason for this is that the tin oxidizes to a harmless oxide, especially when it comes into contact with the oxygen in seawater.
Ved oppfinnelsen viser det seg at denne egenskap at tinnforbindelsen er lite holdbar, isteden er en stor fordel, fordi forbindelsen da mister sin toksisitet straks den forlater skipsskroget. De mengder som-smitter av fra skipssiden vil følgelig ikke forurense omgivelsene eller være farlige for fiskebestanden i sjøen. På den annen side er toksisiteten meget høy mens stoffet er fordelt over skipssiden som en tynn kull-hydrogenfilm, hvorved begroning, særlig av havgress, effektivt hindres og drepes. Noen liknende virkning vil derimot ikke kunne oppnås ved tørkende belegg, fordi den alle-rede oksyderte tinnforbindelse som danner det ytterste lag i belegget, vil hindte at in-nenforliggende, fremdeles toksiske lag kommer til innvirkning, samtidig som den tørkende filmdanner hindrer den oksyderte tinnforbindelse fra å føres bort fra hav-vannet. In the invention, it turns out that this property that the tin compound is not very durable is instead a great advantage, because the compound then loses its toxicity as soon as it leaves the ship's hull. Consequently, the quantities emitted from the ship's side will not pollute the surroundings or be dangerous for the fish population in the sea. On the other hand, the toxicity is very high while the substance is distributed over the ship's side as a thin carbon-hydrogen film, whereby fouling, especially of sea grass, is effectively prevented and killed. On the other hand, a similar effect cannot be achieved with a drying coating, because the already oxidized tin compound that forms the outermost layer of the coating will prevent the underlying, still toxic layer from coming into effect, while the drying film former prevents the oxidized tin compound from being carried away from the sea-water.
Enhver gjenstand som er enten per-manent eller periodisk neddykket i sjøvann kan beskyttes mot havvekster ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten ifølge denne oppfinnelse. Fremgangsmåten er særlig egnet for re-duksjon av havvekstdannelsen på skipsskrog. Any object which is either permanently or periodically submerged in seawater can be protected against marine vegetation by means of the method according to this invention. The procedure is particularly suitable for reducing the formation of sea growth on ship hulls.
Det havveksthindrende middel må være flytende ved temperaturen for sjø-vannet som omgir gjenstanden, og må være tilstrekkelig lite vannoppløselig til at det vil fukte den neddykkete overflate på gjenstanden, innen det skjer fullstendig opp-løsning. The antifouling agent must be liquid at the temperature of the seawater surrounding the object, and must be sufficiently water-soluble that it will wet the submerged surface of the object before complete dissolution occurs.
Det havveksthindrende middel kan være et flytende kullvannstoff av parafin-typen, for eksempel parafin eller lett die-selolje, som er lett å få tak i og har en hindrende effekt på veksten av havplan-ter. Mengden av tinnforbindelsen kan være fra 0,01 til 0,2 vektsprosent av det væskeformete middel. The marine growth inhibiting agent can be a liquid hydrocarbon of the paraffin type, for example paraffin or light diesel oil, which is easy to obtain and has an inhibiting effect on the growth of marine plants. The amount of the tin compound may be from 0.01 to 0.2 percent by weight of the liquid agent.
Med en trialkyl- eller triaryl-tinnforbindelse menes det et stoff av formelen R:jSn X, hvor R-radikalene betegner lavere alkylgrupper (ikke mere enn 6 kullstoff-atomer), arylgrupper og arylkylgrupper. Aromatkjernene i arylgruppene eller aral-kylgruppene kan inneholde forskjellige kjernesubstituenter såsom halidgrupper, nitrogrupper, alkylgrupper og liknende. De enkelte R-radikaler kan være de samme eller forskjellige. X betegner en uorganisk eller organisk syrerest, eller en hydroksyd-gruppe eller en gruppe av formelen OY som er forbundet med tinnatomet over oksy-genatomet, og hvor Y er et R-radikal som definert foran eller er gruppen -Sn R3. By a trialkyl or triaryl tin compound is meant a substance of the formula R:jSn X, where the R radicals denote lower alkyl groups (no more than 6 carbon atoms), aryl groups and arylalkyl groups. The aromatic cores in the aryl groups or aralkyl groups can contain various core substituents such as halide groups, nitro groups, alkyl groups and the like. The individual R radicals can be the same or different. X denotes an inorganic or organic acid residue, or a hydroxide group or a group of the formula OY which is connected to the tin atom above the oxygen atom, and where Y is an R radical as defined above or is the group -Sn R3.
Mange av de tinnforbindelser som brukes i fremgangsmåten i den følgende oppfinnelse har gode filmdannende egenskaper, og når de påføres på undervannspartiet til gjenstanden, vil de derfor være tilbøyelig til å avsette en tynn film på denne. De har en merkbar veksthindrende effekt på hav-planter, og følgelig vil deres nærvær på en gjenstands undervannsflate i høy grad minske veksten av marine organismer på gjenstanden. Many of the tin compounds used in the method of the following invention have good film-forming properties, and when applied to the underwater part of the object, they will therefore tend to deposit a thin film thereon. They have a noticeable growth inhibiting effect on sea plants, and consequently their presence on an object's underwater surface will greatly reduce the growth of marine organisms on the object.
Det flytende veksthindrende middel kan belegges på den gjenstand som skal behandles, på enhver egnet måte, så at midlet får kontakt med alle de partier av gjenstanden som det er ønskelig å beskytte. Når det flytende veksthindrende middel er lettere enn sjøvann, kan det slippes ut rett under gjenstanden, så at midlet når det stiger opp mot havflaten, vil kom-me i kontakt med de undervannsflater på gjenstanden som skal beskyttes. The liquid anti-growth agent can be coated on the object to be treated, in any suitable way, so that the agent comes into contact with all the parts of the object that it is desired to protect. When the liquid anti-growth agent is lighter than seawater, it can be released directly under the object, so that when the agent rises to the surface of the sea, it will come into contact with the underwater surfaces of the object to be protected.
Det er ofte fordelaktig å bruke en gass som bærer for det flytende havveksthindrende middel. Ved denne teknikk blir det flytende middel fordelt jevnt i en egnet gass som deretter presses ut i sjøen under den gjenstand som skal beskyttes. Det sted eller de steder hvor gassen slippes ut, er plasert slik at gassen som stiger opp til havflaten, passerer over de flater på gjenstanden som det er ønskelig å beskytte, og herved fører det flytende havveksthindrende middel hen til disse flater. Det kan brukes enhver gass som bærergass, men fortrinnsvis anvendes det luft eller ex-haustgasser fra en forbrenningsmotor. It is often advantageous to use a gas as a carrier for the liquid antifouling agent. With this technique, the liquid agent is distributed evenly in a suitable gas which is then pushed out into the sea below the object to be protected. The place or places where the gas is released are positioned so that the gas that rises to the sea surface passes over the surfaces of the object that it is desired to protect, and thereby leads the liquid sea growth inhibitor to these surfaces. Any gas can be used as carrier gas, but air or exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are preferably used.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er av særlig stor verdi ved beskyttelse av skipsskrog mot hav-vekstbelegg, og i dette tilfelle blir det flytende havveksthindrende middel fortrinnsvis påført på skrogets undervannsflate ved å tømme ut midlet i en bærergass under skroget. Utstyr for tilførsel av gasser som eventuelt kan inneholde flytende tilsetnin-ger, til undervannsflatene i skipsskrog, er velkjente, og ethvert kjent utstyr av denne art kan anvendes. Fortrinnsvis blir et skip utstyrt på undersiden av skroget med et system av perforerte rør som er plasert på en slik måte at når en bærergass som inneholder det flytende havveksthindrende middel samt et fuktemiddel føres ut gjen-nom perforeringene, vil gassboblene som inneholder midlet få god kontakt over så å si hele undervannsflaten på skroget. The method according to the present invention is of particular value when protecting ship hulls against marine growth coatings, and in this case the liquid marine growth inhibitor is preferably applied to the hull's underwater surface by emptying the agent into a carrier gas under the hull. Equipment for the supply of gases, which may possibly contain liquid additives, to the underwater surfaces of ship hulls are well known, and any known equipment of this kind can be used. Preferably, a ship is equipped on the underside of the hull with a system of perforated pipes which are placed in such a way that when a carrier gas containing the liquid marine growth inhibitor and a wetting agent is led out through the perforations, the gas bubbles containing the agent will make good contact over virtually the entire underwater surface of the hull.
Man har funnet at begroningen med marine mikroorganismer på skipsskrog ho-vedsakelig finner sted når skipet ligger stille eller nesten stille, for eksempel når skipet er i havn. En særlig fordel ved fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er at ved å sikre effektiv fordeling av det væskeformete middel over undervannsflaten på skroget, er det mulig å redusere mengden av middel som trenges, ned til et minimum, og derved minske fa-ren for tilsmussing av havnen. Ytterligere en fordel ved oppfinnelsen er at tinnfor-bindelsene kan påføres under vannet auto-matisk i en væskeflytende bærer, så at det ikke er noen fare for giftvirkninger på mennesker, slik som for eksempel kan fo-rekomme ved påføring av giftige malinger ved strykning eller sprøytning. It has been found that the fouling of marine micro-organisms on a ship's hull mainly takes place when the ship is stationary or almost stationary, for example when the ship is in port. A particular advantage of the method according to the present invention is that by ensuring effective distribution of the liquid agent over the underwater surface of the hull, it is possible to reduce the amount of agent needed to a minimum, thereby reducing the risk of fouling the port. A further advantage of the invention is that the tin compounds can be applied under water automatically in a liquid carrier, so that there is no danger of toxic effects on humans, such as can occur when, for example, toxic paints are applied by ironing or spraying.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19702012175 DE2012175C3 (en) | 1970-03-14 | Device for marking isolated electrical conductors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO130287B true NO130287B (en) | 1974-08-05 |
Family
ID=5765088
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO00883/71A NO130287B (en) | 1970-03-14 | 1971-03-09 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3731655A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5316111B1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE764143R (en) |
CA (1) | CA944426A (en) |
CH (1) | CH521006A (en) |
ES (1) | ES389185A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2081944B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1285009A (en) |
IT (1) | IT984536B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7103090A (en) |
NO (1) | NO130287B (en) |
SE (1) | SE379113B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA71956B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4152468A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1979-05-01 | International Standard Electric Corporation | Method for color making insulated electrical conductors |
NZ180926A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1979-06-19 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Cable marking: colour stream deflection voltage wave form |
US4029006A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-06-14 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for printing indicia on a continuous, elongate, flexible three-dimensional member |
DE2539498A1 (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1977-03-17 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | ELECTRONIC ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERATING TWO AC VOLTAGES WITH ADJUSTABLE PHASE POSITION |
JPS54117205A (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1979-09-12 | Canon Kk | Recording liquid |
DK0501725T3 (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 2001-10-01 | Procter & Gamble | Spraying of liquids |
CN100541673C (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2009-09-16 | 矢崎总业株式会社 | coloring nozzle for electric wire |
JP5101844B2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2012-12-19 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Coloring nozzle |
CN110482816B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2022-02-22 | 合肥徽锐工程科技有限公司 | Dehydrated sludge dry fermentation treatment device and method |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2600129A (en) * | 1948-07-17 | 1952-06-10 | Charles H Richards | Apparatus for producing a stream of electrically charged multimolecular particles |
US2784109A (en) * | 1950-09-18 | 1957-03-05 | Haloid Co | Method for developing electrostatic images |
BE577784A (en) * | 1958-05-16 | |||
US3596275A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1971-07-27 | Richard G Sweet | Fluid droplet recorder |
NL132912C (en) * | 1964-03-25 | |||
JPS5244203B1 (en) * | 1967-01-18 | 1977-11-05 | ||
US3596285A (en) * | 1969-07-11 | 1971-07-27 | Teletype Corp | Liquid metal recorder |
-
1971
- 1971-02-15 ZA ZA710956A patent/ZA71956B/en unknown
- 1971-02-24 US US00118240A patent/US3731655A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-03-01 SE SE7102531A patent/SE379113B/xx unknown
- 1971-03-05 FR FR7107699A patent/FR2081944B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-03-09 IT IT7121483A patent/IT984536B/en active
- 1971-03-09 NL NL7103090A patent/NL7103090A/xx unknown
- 1971-03-09 NO NO00883/71A patent/NO130287B/no unknown
- 1971-03-10 CA CA107,391A patent/CA944426A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-03-12 ES ES389185A patent/ES389185A2/en not_active Expired
- 1971-03-12 BE BE764143A patent/BE764143R/en active
- 1971-03-12 CH CH367871A patent/CH521006A/en unknown
- 1971-03-12 JP JP1318771A patent/JPS5316111B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-04-19 GB GB23869/71A patent/GB1285009A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2012175A1 (en) | 1971-10-07 |
JPS5316111B1 (en) | 1978-05-30 |
US3731655A (en) | 1973-05-08 |
DE2012175B2 (en) | 1977-02-17 |
FR2081944A2 (en) | 1971-12-10 |
SE379113B (en) | 1975-09-22 |
FR2081944B2 (en) | 1976-07-23 |
BE764143R (en) | 1971-09-13 |
ES389185A2 (en) | 1973-06-16 |
ZA71956B (en) | 1971-12-29 |
GB1285009A (en) | 1972-08-09 |
CA944426A (en) | 1974-03-26 |
IT984536B (en) | 1974-11-20 |
NL7103090A (en) | 1971-09-16 |
CH521006A (en) | 1972-03-31 |
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