NO127907B - - Google Patents
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- NO127907B NO127907B NO297471A NO297471A NO127907B NO 127907 B NO127907 B NO 127907B NO 297471 A NO297471 A NO 297471A NO 297471 A NO297471 A NO 297471A NO 127907 B NO127907 B NO 127907B
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- anodes
- iron
- precipitated
- oxides
- Prior art date
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical class O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65C—LABELLING OR TAGGING MACHINES, APPARATUS, OR PROCESSES
- B65C11/00—Manually-controlled or manually-operable label dispensers, e.g. modified for the application of labels to articles
- B65C11/002—Manually-controlled or manually-operable label dispensers, e.g. modified for the application of labels to articles modified for the application of labels to articles
- B65C11/004—Manually-controlled or manually-operable label dispensers, e.g. modified for the application of labels to articles modified for the application of labels to articles label feeding from strips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H37/00—Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating devices for performing specified auxiliary operations
- B65H37/002—Web delivery apparatus, the web serving as support for articles, material or another web
- B65H37/005—Hand-held apparatus
- B65H37/007—Applicators for applying coatings, e.g. correction, colour or adhesive coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/19—Specific article or web
- B65H2701/194—Web supporting regularly spaced adhesive articles, e.g. labels, rubber articles, labels or stamps
Landscapes
- Labeling Devices (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Adhesive Tape Dispensing Devices (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til samtidig utfelning av metalloxyder inneholdende 80 mol. % eller mere av jernoxyd. Method for simultaneous precipitation of metal oxides containing 80 mol. % or more of iron oxide.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en The present invention relates to a
fremgangsmåte til samtidig utfelning av method for simultaneous precipitation of
metalloxyder inneholdende 80 mol pst. eller metal oxides containing 80 mol percent or
mere av jernoxyder. more of iron oxides.
Samtidig utfelning av blandede oxyder av forskjellige metaller har hittil vært Simultaneous precipitation of mixed oxides of different metals has so far been
utført ad kjemisk vei ved utfelning av metall-ionene i det ønskede forhold ved hjelp carried out chemically by precipitation of the metal ions in the desired ratio using
av en alkalisk oppløsning. Under denne of an alkaline solution. Under this one
samtidige utfelning vil de minst oppløselige simultaneous precipitation will the least soluble
oxyder utfelles først, og ikke alltid vil der oxides are precipitated first, and will not always stay there
være tilstrekkelig alkali igjen for utfelning be sufficient alkali left for precipitation
av de mere oppløselige oxyder. Videre er of the more soluble oxides. Further is
produktet vanligvis sterkt forurenset på the product usually heavily contaminated on
grunn av at der dannes en ekvivalent because an equivalent is formed
mengde salt under den dobbelte omsetning, amount of salt during the double turnover,
hvilket salt må vaskes grundig ut. Av disse which salt must be thoroughly washed out. Of these
grunner er slike prosesser ikke økonomiske, reasons such processes are not economic,
og dertil kommer at man ikke alltid erhol-der et produkt med de ønskede egenskaper. and on top of that you don't always get a product with the desired properties.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen The method according to the invention
til samtidig utfelning av metalloxyder inneholdende 80 mol pst. eller mere av jernoxyd, foretas likeledes ved at man reagerer for the simultaneous precipitation of metal oxides containing 80 mol percent or more of iron oxide, is likewise carried out by reacting
metall-ioner i ønsket forhold med en alkali-oppløsning. Fremgangsmåten ifølge metal ions in the desired ratio with an alkali solution. The procedure according to
oppfinnelsen er hovedsakelig karakterisertthe invention is mainly characterized
ved at utfelningen foretas ved elektrolyse in that the precipitation is carried out by electrolysis
av en alkalisaltoppløsning under anvendelse av minst én anode av de metaller hvis of an alkali salt solution using at least one anode of those metals whose
oxyder skal utfelles, og under tilførsel av oxides must be precipitated, and during supply of
oxygen eller et oksydasjonsmiddel til elektrolytten, slik at metallet oppløses i det oxygen or an oxidizing agent to the electrolyte, so that the metal dissolves in it
ønskede forhold, hvoretter de utfelles i desired conditions, after which they are precipitated in
form av et blandet oxyd, idet de reagerer form of a mixed oxide, as they react
med det alkali som dannes under elektrolysen. , with the alkali formed during the electrolysis. ,
Ved den elektrolytiske fremgangsmåte By the electrolytic method
ifølge oppfinnelsen blir der alltid dannet så meget alkalilut ved katoden som der kreves for utfelning av metallenes oxyder, hvilke metaller erholdes fra anodene ved oppløsning, mens det alkalisalt som anvendes som elektrolytt, stadig forblir i oppløs-ning og ikke kan forurense det blandede oxyd som dannes. according to the invention, as much alkali lye is always formed at the cathode as is required for the precipitation of the oxides of the metals, which metals are obtained from the anodes by dissolution, while the alkali salt used as electrolyte constantly remains in solution and cannot contaminate the mixed oxide which is formed.
Da sammensetningen av elektrolytten ikke endres, kan fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen utføres kontinuerlig, og ved hjelp av en liten mengde elektrolytt kan man fremstille en ubegrenset mengde blandet oxyd. Da dette blandede oxyd inneholder bare få salter og andre forurensninger, kan disse salter og forurensninger lett vaskes ut. As the composition of the electrolyte does not change, the method according to the invention can be carried out continuously, and with the help of a small amount of electrolyte, an unlimited amount of mixed oxide can be produced. As this mixed oxide contains only a few salts and other impurities, these salts and impurities can be easily washed out.
Det er kjent, f. eks. fra britisk patent 520 690, at ved elektrolyse av en oppløs-ning av et alkalimetallsalt under anvendelse av jernanode vil der utfelles hydroxyd av to verdig jern, hvilket oxyderes ved kontinuerlig innblåsning av luft i elektrolytten. It is known, e.g. from British patent 520 690, that upon electrolysis of a solution of an alkali metal salt using an iron anode, hydroxide of two valuable iron will precipitate, which is oxidized by continuous blowing of air into the electrolyte.
Det er imidlertid overraskende at de ønskede blandede oxyder ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen dannes hovedsakelig kvantitativt fordi, efter hva man har funnet, et ikke-jernmetall, som f. eks. sink, når dette ålene utfelles elektrolytisk, bare delvis utfelles, nemlig i form av volu-minøst gelélignende vannholdig oxyd. Ved However, it is surprising that the desired mixed oxides in the process according to the invention are mainly formed quantitatively because, according to what has been found, a non-ferrous metal, such as e.g. zinc, when this eel is precipitated electrolytically, is only partly precipitated, namely in the form of a voluminous jelly-like aqueous oxide. By
fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen erholdes derimot de blandede oxyder utfelt i the method according to the invention, on the other hand, the mixed oxides precipitated in
en hovedsakelig ren og kompakt tilstand, an essentially pure and compact state,
slik at de lett kan fraskilles ved filtrering, vaskes og sin tres, hvis det er ønskelig. På so that they can be easily separated by filtration, washed, and dried, if desired. On
denne måte er det for første gang funnet mulig å fremstille ferriter på våt vei. In this way, for the first time, it has been found possible to produce ferrites in a wet way.
Da disse ferriter er meget rene og har en homogen sammensetning, er den elek-triske motstand høy, og de magnetiske egenskaper er gode. As these ferrites are very clean and have a homogeneous composition, the electrical resistance is high, and the magnetic properties are good.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen kan anoden være av en jernlegering som inneholder metallene i de ønskede molare forhold. Man foretrekker imidlertid samtidig med en anode av rent jern å anvende en eller flere anoder av andre metaller, idet man inn-stiller strømstyrkene for de forskjellige anoder i henhold til de ønskede molare forhold i det blandede oxyd som tilsiktes. Sammen med jernanoden kan man anvende anoder av kobber, aluminium, nikkel, magnesium, sink, krom og lignende, idet hver anode forbindes til strømkilden via en re-guleringsmotstand og et ampéremeter. According to the invention, the anode can be of an iron alloy containing the metals in the desired molar ratios. However, it is preferred to use one or more anodes of other metals at the same time as an anode of pure iron, setting the currents for the various anodes according to the desired molar ratios in the intended mixed oxide. Together with the iron anode, anodes of copper, aluminium, nickel, magnesium, zinc, chrome and the like can be used, each anode being connected to the current source via a regulating resistor and an ammeter.
Ved riktig valg av strømstyrke, anode-areal, elektrolyttoppløsning, konsentrasjon av denne oppløsning og badtemperatur er det mulig å fremstille oxyder av varierende konsistens, som hård, bløt, grov, fin etc. I regelen blir partiklene mindre med øken-de temperatur og med avtagende strøm-styrke. Farven er likeledes avhengig av disse faktorer. With the right choice of current strength, anode area, electrolyte solution, concentration of this solution and bath temperature, it is possible to produce oxides of varying consistency, such as hard, soft, coarse, fine etc. As a rule, the particles become smaller with increasing temperature and with decreasing current strength. The color is also dependent on these factors.
Som oxydasjonsmidler kan man anvende gassformige medier som luft, oxygen, oson, klor og lignende eller væsker som hy-drogenoxyder, salpetersyre, nitrater og lignende. Det er også mulig å fremstille oxy-dasjonsmidlet i badet ved hjelp av en elektrolytisk prosess, f. eks. ved anvendelse av en ytterligere anode som ikke oppløses. As oxidizing agents, gaseous media such as air, oxygen, ozone, chlorine and the like or liquids such as hydrogen oxides, nitric acid, nitrates and the like can be used. It is also possible to prepare the oxidizing agent in the bath using an electrolytic process, e.g. by using an additional anode that does not dissolve.
Man har funnet at anoder av jern eller jernlegeringer kan bli passive under elektrolysen, hvilket forhindres ved anvendelse av et alkalihalogenid, fortrinsvis kalium-jodid eller kaliumbromid, som elektrolytt. Det er fordelaktigst å begynne med en nøy-tral eller svakt sur (pH = 5-6,8) oppløs-ning av alkalisalt. Jern og andre metaller vil da lett oppløses fra anoden, og det blandede oxyd kan lett utfelles i nærheten av katoden. It has been found that anodes of iron or iron alloys can become passive during the electrolysis, which is prevented by using an alkali halide, preferably potassium iodide or potassium bromide, as electrolyte. It is most advantageous to start with a neutral or slightly acidic (pH = 5-6.8) solution of alkali salt. Iron and other metals will then easily dissolve from the anode, and the mixed oxide can easily precipitate near the cathode.
I praksis er det fordelaktig å omgi anodene med et filtermateriale som er gjen-nomtrengelig i begge retninger. Således vil fragmenter av metall ikke kunne fjernes fra anodene og forurense badet. På denne måte vil også forurensninger i jernet og andre metaller, såsom kull, kiselsyre og lignende, holdes innenfor filterne. Følgelig er det endog mulig å anvende anoder av mindre rent metall uten betydelige ulem-per. I denne forbindelse er det også av be-tydning å anvende en svakt sur elektrolytt fordi f. eks. jernet som er oppløst, da lett vil kunne passere gjennom filtrene og bare vil utfelles når det befinner seg utenfor filteret. Det er mulig å anordne en hjelpe-anode av et uoppløselig materiale, spesielt kull, i badet for at der under hvileperioden, f. eks. når de relative anoder befinner seg i elektrolytten uten at elektrolyse finner sted, går så meget strøm gjennom nevnte anode mens jernelektrodene i badet virker som katoder, at jernet polariseres og ikke oppløses når dette ikke er ønskelig. In practice, it is advantageous to surround the anodes with a filter material which is permeable in both directions. Thus, fragments of metal will not be able to be removed from the anodes and contaminate the bath. In this way, contaminants in the iron and other metals, such as coal, silicic acid and the like, will also be kept within the filters. Consequently, it is even possible to use anodes of less pure metal without significant disadvantages. In this connection, it is also important to use a weakly acidic electrolyte because e.g. the iron that is dissolved will then easily pass through the filters and will only precipitate when it is outside the filter. It is possible to arrange an auxiliary anode of an insoluble material, especially coal, in the bath so that during the rest period, e.g. when the relative anodes are in the electrolyte without electrolysis taking place, so much current passes through said anode while the iron electrodes in the bath act as cathodes, that the iron is polarized and does not dissolve when this is not desired.
Det er hensiktsmessig å utføre fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kontinuerlig, mens det utfelte stoff i badet ved hjelp av en pumpe føres gjennom et eller flere filtere, hvorved det utfelte stoff fraskilles. Efter en viss tid som avhenger av kapasi-teten av de anvendte filtere, avbrytes pumpningen av elektrolytt gjennom filterne, hvorefter man leder destillert vann gjennom filterne for utvasking av det utfelte stoff. Derefter fjernes det således fraskilte stoff fra filterne og tørres, hvorpå man gjenopptar pumpningen av elektrolytt gjennom filterne. Den rensede elektrolytt som har passert filterne, føres tilbake til badet. Hvis man påser at bare en liten It is appropriate to carry out the method according to the invention continuously, while the precipitated substance in the bath is passed through one or more filters by means of a pump, whereby the precipitated substance is separated. After a certain time, which depends on the capacity of the filters used, the pumping of electrolyte through the filters is interrupted, after which distilled water is passed through the filters to wash out the precipitated substance. The substance thus separated is then removed from the filters and dried, after which the pumping of electrolyte through the filters is resumed. The purified electrolyte that has passed the filters is returned to the bath. If one makes sure that only a small
mengde elektrolytt holdes tilbake i filterne, amount of electrolyte is retained in the filters,
vil bare en liten mengde destillert vann være nøvendig for utvaskningen av det fraskilte stoff. only a small amount of distilled water will be necessary for the washing out of the separated material.
Som regel anvender man likestrøm for elektrolysen. Om nødvendig er det imidlertid også mulig å sende en vekselstrøm gjennom badet via elektrodene eller hjelpe-elektrodene, f. eks. for oppvarmning av badet eller for utførelse av visse kjemiske reaksjoner. As a rule, direct current is used for electrolysis. If necessary, however, it is also possible to send an alternating current through the bath via the electrodes or auxiliary electrodes, e.g. for heating the bath or for carrying out certain chemical reactions.
De blandede oksyder som fremstilles ifølge oppfinnelsen, er i alminnelighet meget fine, rene og av en ensartet granulert form. De magnetiske egenskaper er sær-deles fordelaktige, likeledes er oksydenes egenskaper i malingsteknisk henseende, f. eks. med hensyn til dekningsevne, bland-barhet i olje, farve og lignende meget fordelaktige. The mixed oxides produced according to the invention are generally very fine, pure and of a uniform granular form. The magnetic properties are particularly advantageous, as are the properties of the oxides in terms of paint technology, e.g. with regard to covering ability, miscibility in oil, color and the like very advantageous.
Eksempel: Example:
Elektrolysen utføres i et kar inneholdende elektrolytten, som er en oppløsning av natriumsulfat i destillert vann. I tillegg til jernanoden anvendes flere anoder av kobber, sink, nikkel og magnesium i karet. Katoden består av jern. Strømmen fordeles over anodene, slik at jernanoden mottar 80 pst. av strømstyrken og de øvrige anoder de resterende 20 pst. Som oksydasjonsmiddel tilsetter man elektrolytten 1 pst. hydrogenperoxyd, hvilken konsentrasjon opp-rettholdes under elektrolysen. Efter endt The electrolysis is carried out in a vessel containing the electrolyte, which is a solution of sodium sulphate in distilled water. In addition to the iron anode, several anodes of copper, zinc, nickel and magnesium are used in the vessel. The cathode consists of iron. The current is distributed over the anodes, so that the iron anode receives 80 percent of the current and the other anodes the remaining 20 percent. As an oxidizing agent, 1 percent hydrogen peroxide is added to the electrolyte, which concentration is maintained during the electrolysis. After finishing
elektrolyse blir det utfelte stoff vasket og electrolysis, the precipitated substance is washed and
tørret. Produktet består av blandede oxyder av jern og ovennevnte metaller og har dried. The product consists of mixed oxides of iron and the above metals and has
gode magnetiske egenskaper. good magnetic properties.
I stedet for hydrogenperoxyd kan man Instead of hydrogen peroxide, you can
tilsette et annet oxydasjonsmiddel som f. add another oxidizing agent such as
eks. ammoniumnitrit eller oson. Samme e.g. ammonium nitrite or ozone. Same
resultat erholdes hvis man blåser luft inn result is obtained if air is blown in
i elektrolytten. in the electrolyte.
Fordelaktige resultater oppnåes når Beneficial results are achieved when
der som elektrolytt anvendes en vandig where an aqueous electrolyte is used
oppløsning av natriumbromid eller kalium-jodid. solution of sodium bromide or potassium iodide.
Temperaturen i elektrolysebadet kan The temperature in the electrolysis bath can
gå opp til 90° C. go up to 90° C.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19712116984 DE2116984C3 (en) | 1971-04-07 | 1971-04-07 | Hand dispenser for dispensing and pressing adhesive labels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO127907B true NO127907B (en) | 1973-09-03 |
Family
ID=5804132
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO297471A NO127907B (en) | 1971-04-07 | 1971-08-09 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS542559B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT311834B (en) |
AU (1) | AU459231B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE773672A (en) |
CA (1) | CA961009A (en) |
CH (1) | CH525146A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2116984C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2133391A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1330120A (en) |
IT (1) | IT945892B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7113510A (en) |
NO (1) | NO127907B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1563892A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1980-04-02 | Mers H | Labelling apparatus |
US4288281A (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1981-09-08 | Sigma Corporation | Appliance for adhering a sensing marker on a medium for recording information |
US4390577A (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1983-06-28 | Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. | Composite label web |
FR2536041B1 (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1987-02-06 | Monarch Marking Systems Inc | HAND LABELER AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE AND USE |
DE3436523A1 (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-04-10 | Heinrich Hermann Gmbh + Co, 7000 Stuttgart | HAND DISPENSING DEVICE FOR DONATING AND PRESSING ADHESIVE LABELS |
DE3638722A1 (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1988-05-26 | Pelikan Ag | DEVICE FOR APPLYING AN ADHESIVE FILM |
WO1988006126A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-25 | Kenji Kurata | Hand labeller |
DE4337112C1 (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1995-04-13 | Thueringer Papierwarenfabrik C | Machine for the dispensing and provision of adhesive labels |
DE102007047575A1 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-04-09 | Nenning, Bernd | Masking aid for use during e.g. painting work, has suppression element arranged between pressing rollers, where tape rests against pressing rollers for functioning as guiding surface during drawing, and is guided in correct position |
DE102008003337A1 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-16 | Tesa Ag | Hand device for unwinding from an adhesive tape with a double-sided adhesive carrier, wherein at least one of the two adhesive sides of the carrier is covered with a release material |
-
1971
- 1971-04-07 DE DE19712116984 patent/DE2116984C3/en not_active Expired
- 1971-07-13 CH CH1026971A patent/CH525146A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-22 IT IT757171A patent/IT945892B/en active
- 1971-07-27 AT AT656171A patent/AT311834B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-08-09 NO NO297471A patent/NO127907B/no unknown
- 1971-08-13 GB GB3820371A patent/GB1330120A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-29 FR FR7135038A patent/FR2133391A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-10-01 NL NL7113510A patent/NL7113510A/xx unknown
- 1971-10-08 BE BE773672A patent/BE773672A/en unknown
- 1971-10-08 JP JP7880371A patent/JPS542559B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-10-11 AU AU34453/71A patent/AU459231B2/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-01-06 CA CA131,818A patent/CA961009A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2116984A1 (en) | 1972-05-04 |
JPS542559B1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
CA961009A (en) | 1975-01-14 |
DE2116984B2 (en) | 1978-08-17 |
AU459231B2 (en) | 1975-03-20 |
AT311834B (en) | 1973-12-10 |
FR2133391A5 (en) | 1972-11-24 |
NL7113510A (en) | 1972-10-10 |
CH525146A (en) | 1972-07-15 |
IT945892B (en) | 1973-05-10 |
GB1330120A (en) | 1973-09-12 |
BE773672A (en) | 1972-04-10 |
DE2116984C3 (en) | 1979-04-19 |
AU3445371A (en) | 1973-04-19 |
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