NO122198B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO122198B NO122198B NO162733A NO16273366A NO122198B NO 122198 B NO122198 B NO 122198B NO 162733 A NO162733 A NO 162733A NO 16273366 A NO16273366 A NO 16273366A NO 122198 B NO122198 B NO 122198B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- lubricating oil
- polymers
- oil
- polar
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 38
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- -1 Alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIPCXIGUIPAGQB-SEYXRHQNSA-N (z)-4-dodecoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O IIPCXIGUIPAGQB-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHTRANZKKBMVCM-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)but-2-enediamide Chemical compound OCCNC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)NCCO UHTRANZKKBMVCM-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOCDJQSAMZARGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=CN1C(=O)CCC1=O VOCDJQSAMZARGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJRUAPNVLBABCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethenoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound C=COCC1CO1 JJRUAPNVLBABCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEPWOCLBLLCOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCC#N AEPWOCLBLLCOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEYHHQSTMVVZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxyethanamine Chemical compound NCCOC=C CEYHHQSTMVVZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PABGQABTFFNYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-octadecylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC(=O)C(C)=C PABGQABTFFNYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UIZDKHDPZRCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=O)NC1=O UIZDKHDPZRCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBSXSAXOLABXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Vinylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 LBSXSAXOLABXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJOWMORERYNYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenyl-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=N1 VJOWMORERYNYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APZPSKFMSWZPKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CO)(CO)CO APZPSKFMSWZPKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007098 aminolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XHSDDKAGJYJAQM-ULDVOPSXSA-N dioctadecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC XHSDDKAGJYJAQM-ULDVOPSXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UJRIYYLGNDXVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C UJRIYYLGNDXVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXBPSENIJJPTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyanate Chemical group CCOC#N JXBPSENIJJPTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMAFSFVBYEOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-ditert-butylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCCCNC(C)(C)C NIMAFSFVBYEOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003544 oxime group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZQMAPKVSTSACQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC=C ZQMAPKVSTSACQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/063—Peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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Description
Smøreoljekomposisjon.Lubricating oil composition.
Denne oppfinnelse angår en smøreoljekomposisjon for sylindersmøring i motorer med adskilt sylinder- og veivaksel- This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for cylinder lubrication in engines with separate cylinder and crankshaft
smøring, inneholdende en smøreolje og smøreoljetilsetningsstoffer. lubrication, containing a lubricating oil and lubricating oil additives.
Smøring av sylindre og stempler i motorer med adskiltLubrication of cylinders and pistons in engines with separate
smøring av sylindre og veievaksel medfører problemer som man ikke støter på ved smøring av sylinder og stempel fra veivkassen. lubrication of the cylinder and weighing shaft causes problems that are not encountered when lubricating the cylinder and piston from the crankcase.
Disse problemer skyldes hovedsakelig det smøresystem som anvendesThese problems are mainly due to the lubrication system used
for motorer med adskilt smøring av sylindre og veivaksel:for engines with separate lubrication of cylinders and crankshaft:
Smøreoljen som skal smøre sylinder og stempel presses mellom stempelThe lubricating oil to lubricate the cylinder and piston is pressed between the pistons
og sylinder gjennom ett eller flere hull i sylinderveggen og går deretter tapt, f.eks. ved forbrenning via eksosen eller ved lekkasje langs stemplet. Med denne såkalte "engangs"-smøring velges smøre~and cylinder through one or more holes in the cylinder wall and is then lost, e.g. by combustion via the exhaust or by leakage along the piston. With this so-called "one-time" lubrication, lubrication is selected
oljemengden så lav som mulig for å begrense forbruket av smøreolje så mye som mulig. Dette fører til vanskeligheter som er ukjente ved andre typer av motorer i hvilke smøreoljen dekker sylinderveggen i relativt rikelige mengder og sirkulerer kontinuerlig mellom stempel og veivkasse; oljen, som anvendes i mengder som er akkurat tilstrekkelig for smøring av sylinder og stempel, må dessuten hoide sylinderveggen og stempelveggen, og også stempel-fjærene, rene og beskytte dem mot korrosjon av syrer som dannes ved forbrenning av brennstoffet, og den må gjøre dette mens den i stor utstrekning går tapt ved forbrenning. the amount of oil as low as possible to limit the consumption of lubricating oil as much as possible. This leads to difficulties unknown to other types of engines in which the lubricating oil covers the cylinder wall in relatively abundant quantities and circulates continuously between the piston and the crankcase; the oil, which is used in quantities just sufficient for the lubrication of cylinder and piston, must also keep the cylinder wall and piston wall, and also the piston springs, clean and protect them from corrosion by acids formed by the combustion of the fuel, and it must do this while it is largely lost through combustion.
Vanskelighetene skyldes videre at disse motorer, som vanligvis anvendes for drift av skip og er bygget for store kraft-ytelser, drives med billige brennstoffer som har et høyt svovelinnhold og etterlater en betraktelig mengde residuura etter forbrenning . The difficulties are further due to the fact that these engines, which are usually used for the operation of ships and are built for large power outputs, are run with cheap fuels that have a high sulfur content and leave a considerable amount of residue after combustion.
En løsning av disse problemer er allerede funnet vedA solution to these problems has already been found by
hjelp av anvendelse av vann-i-olje-emulsjoner inneholdende salterby using water-in-oil emulsions containing salts
- f.eks. kalsiumacetat - oppløst i den vandige fase og stabilisert med emulgeringsmidler. Dessuten er det kjent smøremidler som ikke består av emulsjoner, men av en olje og salter eller hydroksyder dispergert i den. Egenskapene for slike smøremidler ansees som utilfredsstillende, også på grunnlag av de stadig økende dimen-sjoner av og trykk i motorer, særlig når det gjelder anti-slitasje-egenskaper. - e.g. calcium acetate - dissolved in the aqueous phase and stabilized with emulsifiers. Furthermore, there are known lubricants which do not consist of emulsions, but of an oil and salts or hydroxides dispersed in it. The properties of such lubricants are considered unsatisfactory, also on the basis of the ever-increasing dimensions of and pressure in engines, particularly when it comes to anti-wear properties.
Det er nu funnet at disse ulemper kan avhjelpes ved anvendelse av en smøreoljekomposisjon som i tillegg til en smøreolje eller en blanding av smøreoljer og et dispergert salt og/ eller hydroksyd av et jordalkalimetall, også inneholder én eller flere oljeoppløselige polymerer i hvilke karboksylgrupper, karboksylanhydridgrupper, hydroksylgrupper, epoksygrupper og/ eller nitrogenholdige grupper forekommer, hvilke polymerer kan betraktes som et resultat av polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser. It has now been found that these disadvantages can be remedied by using a lubricating oil composition which, in addition to a lubricating oil or a mixture of lubricating oils and a dispersed salt and/or hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal, also contains one or more oil-soluble polymers in which carboxyl groups, carboxyl anhydride groups, hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups and/or nitrogenous groups occur, which polymers can be considered as the result of polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds.
Oppfinnelsen angår derfor en smøreoljekomposisjon for sylindersraøring av motorer med adskilt sylinder- og veivakselsmøring, som, i tillegg til en smøreolje eller en blanding av smøreoljer og et dispergert salt og/ eller hydroksyd av et jordalkalimetall, også inneholder én eller flere oljeoppløselige polymerer i hvilke karboksylgrupper, karboksylanhydridgruppor, hydroksylgrupper, apoksygruppsr og/ eller nitrogenholdige grupper forekomt®r, hvilke polymerer er fremstilt ved polymerisering av olefinisk umettede The invention therefore relates to a lubricating oil composition for cylinder liners of engines with separate cylinder and crankshaft lubrication, which, in addition to a lubricating oil or a mixture of lubricating oils and a dispersed salt and/or hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal, also contains one or more oil-soluble polymers in which carboxyl groups , carboxyl anhydride groups, hydroxyl groups, apoxy groups and/or nitrogen-containing groups occur, which polymers are produced by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated
forbindelser.connections.
Betegnelsen "polare grupper " skal her forståes åThe term "polar groups" shall here be understood to
omfatte kun karboksylgrupper, karboksylanhydridgrupper, hydroksylgrupper, epoksygrupper og nitrogenholdige grupper. include only carboxyl groups, carboxylic anhydride groups, hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups and nitrogen-containing groups.
Betegnelsen polymerer skal her forståes å omfatte både homopolymerer og sampolymerer. The term polymers shall here be understood to include both homopolymers and copolymers.
Kombinasjonen av dispergert salt eller hydroksyd og den oljeoppløselige polymer gir smøreoljekomposisjonen anti-slitasje-egenskaper som er langt bedre enn hva man kunne vente på grunnlag av den samlede virkning av de enkelte komponenter. Denne synergistiske virkning er enda mer bemerkelsesverdig i betraktning av at oljeoppløselige polymerer av den foreliggende type som sådanne generelt er ute av stand til å gi en olje anti-slitasje-egenskaper, hvis oljen anvendes for smøring av sylindre i motorer med adskilt sylinder- og veivakselsmøring. The combination of dispersed salt or hydroxide and the oil-soluble polymer gives the lubricating oil composition anti-wear properties that are far better than what could be expected on the basis of the combined effect of the individual components. This synergistic effect is even more remarkable in view of the fact that oil-soluble polymers of the present type as such are generally unable to impart anti-wear properties to an oil, if the oil is used for cylinder lubrication in engines with separate cylinder and crankshaft lubrication .
Smøreoljer som kan anvendes som basisoljer for smøreolje-komposisjonen i henhold til oppfinnelsen, kan f.eks. være avledet fra aromatiske, nafteniske eller parafiniske råoljer. De kan være både. smøreoljedestillater og rest-smøre-oljer. Blandinger av smøreoljedestillater og rest-smøreoljer er også meget egnet. Det foretrekkes basisoljer som består enten i sin helhet eller i en utstrekning av 90% eller mer av et smøreoljedestillat eller en blanding av smøreoljedestillater. Lubricating oils which can be used as base oils for the lubricating oil composition according to the invention, can e.g. be derived from aromatic, naphthenic or paraffinic crude oils. They can be both. lubricating oil distillates and residual lubricating oils. Mixtures of lubricating oil distillates and residual lubricating oils are also very suitable. Base oils which consist either entirely or to an extent of 90% or more of a lubricating oil distillate or a mixture of lubricating oil distillates are preferred.
Kokeområdet for smøreoljedestillatene, beregnet til atmosfærisk trykk, er vanligvis mellom 350 og 550°C. The boiling range of the lubricating oil distillates, calculated for atmospheric pressure, is usually between 350 and 550°C.
Viskositetsindeksen (Dean og Davis) for disse oljer varierer, avhengig av den anvendte olje og raffineringsteknikk, fra 0 til 120. Som kjent har smøreoljedestillater av de aromatiske og nafteniske typer vanligvis en lavere viskositetsindeks enn smøre-ol jedestillater av den parafiniske type. Vanligvis foretrekkes lettraffinerte smøreoljedestillater med en viskositetsindeks på 30 eller høyere, f.eks. et destillat av en naftenisk råolje ekstrahert med flytende svoveldioksyd og etterbehandlet med jord. The viscosity index (Dean and Davis) for these oils varies, depending on the oil and refining technique used, from 0 to 120. As is known, lubricating oil distillates of the aromatic and naphthenic types usually have a lower viscosity index than lubricating oil distillates of the paraffinic type. Lightly refined lubricating oil distillates with a viscosity index of 30 or higher are generally preferred, e.g. a distillate of a naphthenic crude oil extracted with liquid sulfur dioxide and post-treated with earth.
Konsentrasjonen av det dispergerte salt eller hydroksydThe concentration of the dispersed salt or hydroxide
i smøreoljekomposisjonen kan varieres innenfor vide grenser og kan tilpasses til slitasjegraden som må bekjempes. Som et eksempel kan nevnes konsentrasjoner fra 0,01 til 0,5 ekvivalent jordalkalimetall pr. 100 g smøreoljekomposisjon. Eventuelt kan høyere eller lavere konsentrasjoner anvendes. in the lubricating oil composition can be varied within wide limits and can be adapted to the degree of wear that must be combated. As an example, concentrations from 0.01 to 0.5 equivalent of alkaline earth metal per 100 g of lubricating oil composition. Optionally, higher or lower concentrations can be used.
Med jordalkalimetaller skal forståes metallene magnesium. Alkaline earth metals are to be understood as the metals magnesium.
kalsium, strontium og barium. Deres hydroksyder eller salter kan dispergeres i olje på enhver egnet måte.F.eks. kan hydroksydene eller saltene finfordeles i en mineralolje ved hjelp av en kolloid-mølle. En annen egnet metode går ut fra en oppløsning av saltet eller hydroksydet i et oppløsningsmidde1 som blandes eller emul-geres med olje, eventuelt ved hjelp av et emulgeringsmiddel, hvoretter oppløsningsmidlet fjernes fra den resulterende komposisjon ved avdampning eller destillasjon, og etterlater en dispersjon av saltet eller hydroksydet i oljen. Slike metoder er beskrevet i britiske patenter 778.468 og 791.413. Det foretrekkes imidlertid å anvende en komposisjon i hvilken saltet eller hydroksydet er dannet in situ i nærvær av en stabilisator. Metoder som er egnet for dette formål, er f.eks. beskrevet i britiske patenter 739.434, 780.058, 786.167, 790.471, 793.608, 795.172, 818.323 og 818.326. calcium, strontium and barium. Their hydroxides or salts may be dispersed in oil in any suitable manner.E.g. the hydroxides or salts can be finely divided in a mineral oil using a colloid mill. Another suitable method starts from a solution of the salt or hydroxide in a solvent1 which is mixed or emulsified with oil, optionally with the aid of an emulsifier, after which the solvent is removed from the resulting composition by evaporation or distillation, leaving a dispersion of the salt or the hydroxide in the oil. Such methods are described in British patents 778,468 and 791,413. However, it is preferred to use a composition in which the salt or hydroxide is formed in situ in the presence of a stabilizer. Methods which are suitable for this purpose are e.g. described in British Patents 739,434, 780,058, 786,167, 790,471, 793,608, 795,172, 818,323 and 818,326.
Både et uorganisk og et organisk salt av et jordalkalimetall kan anvendes. Av de organiske salter foretrekkes saltene av alifatiske karboksylsyrer. Both an inorganic and an organic salt of an alkaline earth metal can be used. Of the organic salts, the salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids are preferred.
Av de uorganiske salter av jordalkalimetallene er karbonatene meget egnet, da de er meget lette å oppnå i form av stabile dispersjoner i olje. Eksempler på fremstilling av dispersjoner av karbonater er nevnt i britiske patenter 786.167, 790,471, 793.608 og 795.172. Of the inorganic salts of the alkaline earth metals, the carbonates are very suitable, as they are very easy to obtain in the form of stable dispersions in oil. Examples of the preparation of dispersions of carbonates are mentioned in British patents 786,167, 790,471, 793,608 and 795,172.
Ved anvendelse av en stabilisator ved fremstilling av dispersjonene i olje av salter eller hydroksyder av jordalkalimetaller kan den vanlig anvendte mengde i teknisk praksis anvendes. Dette varierer selvsagt med den anvendte type stabilisator. When using a stabilizer in the preparation of the dispersions in oil of salts or hydroxides of alkaline earth metals, the quantity normally used in technical practice can be used. This obviously varies with the type of stabilizer used.
Ved anvendelse av salter av organiske syrer som stabilisatorer kan mengden uttrykkes som en viss mengde ekvivalenter pr. ekvivalent dispergert salt eller hydroksyd. Som et eksempel på en mengde stabilisator uttrykt med dette mål, kan nevnes en mengde på 0,1 ekvivalent stabilisator pr. ekvivalent dispergert salt eller hydroksyd. En mengde så liten som 0,05 ekvivalent stabilisator pr. ekvivalent dispergert salt eller hydroksyd er vanligvis tilstrekkelig; en mengde større enn 0,5 ekvivalent stabilisator pr. ekvivalent salt eller hydroksyd er sjelden nød-vendig . When using salts of organic acids as stabilizers, the amount can be expressed as a certain amount of equivalents per equivalent dispersed salt or hydroxide. As an example of an amount of stabilizer expressed with this measure, an amount of 0.1 equivalent stabilizer per equivalent dispersed salt or hydroxide. An amount as small as 0.05 equivalent stabilizer per equivalent dispersed salt or hydroxide is usually sufficient; an amount greater than 0.5 equivalent stabilizer per equivalent salt or hydroxide is rarely necessary.
Eksempeler på salter av organiske syrer som kan anvendes sosa «stabilisatorer, er jordalkaliastallsaltene av alifatiske og arosaatiske karbokeylayrer og hydroksykarbokeylsyrsr og jordalkali-©stsillooltene av alifatiske og ar osast i aka sulfonøyrar. Det fore trekkes jordalkalimetallsalter av alifatiske karboksylsyrer erholdt i oljeindustrien som blandinger ved raffinering av smøreoljefrak-sjoner og kalt nafteniske syrer, selv om saltene av sulfonsyrer, f.eks. sulfonsyrer fremstilt ved sulfonering av aromatiske olje-fraksjoner, og saltene av alkylsalicylsyrer også er meget egnet for anvendelse som stabilisatorer. Examples of salts of organic acids that can be used as stabilizers are the alkaline earth salts of aliphatic and arosatic carboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and the alkaline earth esters of aliphatic and non-aromatic sulfonyl rings. Alkaline earth metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids obtained in the oil industry as mixtures in the refining of lubricating oil fractions and called naphthenic acids are preferred, although the salts of sulphonic acids, e.g. sulfonic acids produced by sulfonation of aromatic oil fractions, and the salts of alkyl salicylic acids are also very suitable for use as stabilizers.
Konsentrasjonen av dispersjonen av saltet eller hydroksydet av jordalkalimetallet i komposisjonen i henhold til oppfinnelsen, kan varieres innen vide grenser som tidligere angitt. Først fremstilles imidlertid fortrinnsvis en konsentrert dispersjon av saltet eller hydroksydet i en olje, og det erholdte konsentrat anvendes for fremstilling av komposisjonen i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Konsentrater inneholdende 10 - 25 vekt-% salt eller hydroksyd i dispergert form er meget egnet. The concentration of the dispersion of the salt or hydroxide of the alkaline earth metal in the composition according to the invention can be varied within wide limits as previously indicated. First, however, a concentrated dispersion of the salt or hydroxide is preferably prepared in an oil, and the resulting concentrate is used to prepare the composition according to the invention. Concentrates containing 10 - 25% by weight of salt or hydroxide in dispersed form are very suitable.
Oljen i hvilken saltene eller hydroksydene dispergeres ved fremstilling av et konsentrat, kan både være en rest-smøreolje og et smøreoljedestillat. Konsentratet fremstilles fortrinnsvis i et smøreoljedestillat. Hvis man som basisolje for smøreolje-komposis jonen velger et smøreoljedestillat eller en blanding av smøreoljedestillater, er det ikke nødvendig at smøreoljedestillatet i hvilket konsentratet fremstilles, er det samme og kan f.eks. ha en lavere viskositet. The oil in which the salts or hydroxides are dispersed when producing a concentrate can be both a residual lubricating oil and a lubricating oil distillate. The concentrate is preferably produced in a lubricating oil distillate. If a lubricating oil distillate or a mixture of lubricating oil distillates is chosen as the base oil for the lubricating oil composition, it is not necessary that the lubricating oil distillate in which the concentrate is produced is the same and can e.g. have a lower viscosity.
De oljeoppløselige polymerer i hvilke "polare grupper" The oil-soluble polymers in which "polar groups"
i denne oppfinnelses betydning forekommer, hvilke polymerer kan betraktes som et resultat av polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser, er tidligere kjent som smøreolje-tilsetningsstoffer. Noen av disse polymerer er nemlig i stand til å gi oljen rense-middelegenskaper. in the meaning of this invention occur, which polymers can be considered as the result of polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds, are previously known as lubricating oil additives. Some of these polymers are capable of giving the oil cleaning agent properties.
Fremstilling av polymerene kan prinsipielt utføres påProduction of the polymers can in principle be carried out on
tre måter.three ways.
For det første kan polymerene fremstilles ved direkte polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser som i det minste delvis inneholder "polare grupper". First, the polymers can be prepared by direct polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds which contain at least partially "polar groups".
Polymerene kan også fremstilles ved polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser som ikke inneholder "polare grupper", og ved etterbehandling av polymeren hvorved "polare grupper" innføres i polymeren. The polymers can also be produced by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds that do not contain "polar groups", and by post-treatment of the polymer whereby "polar groups" are introduced into the polymer.
Endelig kan en polymer erholdt ved polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser som i det minste delvis inneholder "polare grupper", underkastes en etterbehandling hvorved de "polare grupper" omdannes til "polare grupper" av en forskjellig type. Finally, a polymer obtained by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds which at least partially contain "polar groups" can be subjected to a post-treatment whereby the "polar groups" are converted into "polar groups" of a different type.
Som polymerer med "polare grupper" kan både polymererAs polymers with "polar groups" both polymers can
som bare inneholder "polare grupper" av én type, og polymerer inneholdende "polare grupper" av forskjellige typer, anvendes. which contain only "polar groups" of one type, and polymers containing "polar groups" of different types are used.
Polymerene som bare inneholder polare grupper av én type, kan erholdes enten ved homopolymerisering av en monomer med én type polar gruppe eller ved sampolymerisering av forskjellige monomerer i hvilke de polare grupper er like. Eventuelt kan dessuten monomerer som ikke inneholder polare grupper, være til stede i blandingen som skal polymeriseres. Polymerer som inneholder forskjellige polare grupper, kan erholdes enten ved homopolymerisering av en monomer i hvilke forskjellige polare grupper forekommer, eller ved sampolymerisering av forskjellige monomerer i hvilke de polare grupper er forskjellige. Også i dette tilfelle kan monomerer som ikke inneholder polare grupper, være til stede i blandingen som skal polymeriseres. The polymers which only contain polar groups of one type can be obtained either by homopolymerisation of a monomer with one type of polar group or by copolymerisation of different monomers in which the polar groups are the same. Optionally, monomers that do not contain polar groups may also be present in the mixture to be polymerized. Polymers containing different polar groups can be obtained either by homopolymerization of a monomer in which different polar groups occur, or by copolymerization of different monomers in which the polar groups are different. In this case too, monomers which do not contain polar groups may be present in the mixture to be polymerised.
De olefinisk umettede monomerer som inneholder polare grupper, kan klassifiseres som følger, idet denne klassifisering er avhengig av den type polare grupper de inneholder: 1. Monomerer inneholdende karboksylgrupper, så som akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, fumarsyre, maleinsyre, itakonsyre og The olefinically unsaturated monomers containing polar groups can be classified as follows, this classification depending on the type of polar groups they contain: 1. Monomers containing carboxyl groups, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid and
monododecylmaleat.monododecyl maleate.
2. Monomerer inneholdende karboksylanhydridgrupper, så som maleinsyreanhydrid. 3. Monomerer inneholdende hydroksylgrupper, så som allyl-alkohol, betahydroksyetyl-metakrylat og pentaerytritol-monometakrylat. 4. Monomerer inneholdende epoksygrupper, så som glycidyl-metakrylat og glycidylvinyleter. 2. Monomers containing carboxylic anhydride groups, such as maleic anhydride. 3. Monomers containing hydroxyl groups, such as allyl alcohol, beta-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and pentaerythritol monomethacrylate. 4. Monomers containing epoxy groups, such as glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl vinyl ether.
5. Monomerer i hvilke nitrogenholdige grupper forekommer,5. Monomers in which nitrogenous groups occur,
så som:such as:
(a) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogenet forekommer i form av(a) Monomers in which the nitrogen occurs in the form of
et nitril, f.eks. akrylnitril og beta-cyanetylakrylat. a nitrile, e.g. acrylonitrile and beta-cyanoethyl acrylate.
(b) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogenet forekommer i form av(b) Monomers in which the nitrogen occurs in the form of
et amid, f.eks. akrylamid og N-oktadecylmetakrylamid. (c) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogenet forekommer som heterocyklisk bundet nitrogen, f.eks. vinylpyridin og N-vinylpyrroiidon. an amide, e.g. acrylamide and N-octadecyl methacrylamide. (c) Monomers in which the nitrogen occurs as heterocyclically bonded nitrogen, e.g. vinylpyridine and N-vinylpyrroidone.
(d)Monomerer i hvilke nitrogenet forekommer som et(d)Monomers in which the nitrogen occurs as a
imid, f.eks. laurylmaleimid og N-vinylsuccinimid.imide, e.g. laurylmaleimide and N-vinylsuccinimide.
(e) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogenet forekommer som et amin, (e) Monomers in which the nitrogen occurs as an amine,
f.eks. p-aminostyren og beta-aminoetyl-vinyleter.e.g. p-aminostyrene and beta-aminoethyl vinyl ether.
6. Monomerer i hvilke forskjellige polare grupper forekommer,6. Monomers in which different polar groups occur,
så som:such as:
(a) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogen i form av et imid(a) Monomers in which nitrogen is in the form of an imide
forekommer i kombinasjon med nitrogen i form av et amin, f.eks. reaksjonsproduktet av maleinsyreanhydrid og tetraetylenpentamin. occurs in combination with nitrogen in the form of an amine, e.g. the reaction product of maleic anhydride and tetraethylenepentamine.
(b) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogen i form av et amid forekommer i kombinasjon med nitrogen i form av et amin, f.eks. N(beta-dimetylaminoetyl)akrylamid. (c) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogen i form av et nitril forekommer i kombinasjon med nitrogen i form av et amin, f.eks. N-cyan-N-tert-dodecylaminoetylakrylat. (d) Monomerer i hvilke nitrogen i form av et amid forekommer i"kombinasjon med hydroksyl, f.eks. N(beta-hydroksyletyl)metakrylamid og N,N'-di(betahydroksyetyl)maleinsyrediamid. (b) Monomers in which nitrogen in the form of an amide occurs in combination with nitrogen in the form of an et amine, e.g. N(beta-dimethylaminoethyl)acrylamide. (c) Monomers in which nitrogen in the form of a nitrile occurs in combination with nitrogen in the form of a amine, e.g. N-cyano-N-tert-dodecylaminoethyl acrylate. (d) Monomers in which nitrogen in the form of an amide occurs in combination with hydroxyl, eg N(beta-hydroxyethyl)methacrylamide and N,N'-di(betahydroxyethyl)maleic acid diamide.
Eksempler på olefinisk umettede monomerer ikke inneholdende polare grupper, som kan sampolymeriseres med monomerer inneholdende polare grupper, er vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer, så Examples of olefinically unsaturated monomers not containing polar groups, which can be copolymerized with monomers containing polar groups, are vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids, so
som vinylpalmitat og vinylstearat; allylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer, så som allyllaurat og allylmyristat; alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer, så som laurylakrylat og stearylmetakrylat; dialkylestere av umettede dikarboksylsyrer, så som dilauryifurnarat og distearylmaleat; alkylvinyletere, så som lauryl-vinyleter og stearylvinyleter; monoolefiner, så som isobuten og styren; diolefiner, så som butadien og isopren; alkyl-allyl-karbonat-estere, så som (<C>q<->C^ø) alkylallylkarbonat-estere. such as vinyl palmitate and vinyl stearate; allyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids, such as allyl laurate and allyl myristate; alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, such as lauryl acrylate and stearyl methacrylate; dialkyl esters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, such as dilauryfurnarate and distearyl maleate; alkyl vinyl ethers, such as lauryl vinyl ether and stearyl vinyl ether; monoolefins, such as isobutene and styrene; diolefins, such as butadiene and isoprene; alkyl allyl carbonate esters, such as (<C>q<->C^ø) alkyl allyl carbonate esters.
Som eksempeler på oljeoppløselige polymerer erholdt ved direkte polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser som i det minste delvis inneholder polare grupper i denne oppfinnelses betydning, kan de følgende forbindelser nevnes. As examples of oil-soluble polymers obtained by direct polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds which at least partially contain polar groups in the sense of this invention, the following compounds can be mentioned.
Polymerer som kun inneholder karboksylgrupper som pola re grupper, så som sampolymerer av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer eller med monoolefiner. Polymers containing only carboxyl groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or with monoolefins.
Polymerer som kun inneholder karboksylanhydridgrupperPolymers containing only carboxylic anhydride groups
som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av anhydrider av umettede as polar groups, then as copolymers of anhydrides of unsatd
dikarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer eller med vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer. dicarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or with vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Polymerer som kun inneholder hydroksylgrupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av umettede alkoholer, hydroksyalkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer og partialestere av polyalkoholer og umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer. Polymers containing only hydroxyl groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of unsaturated alcohols, hydroxyalkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and partial esters of polyalcohols and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Polymerer som kun inneholder epoksygrupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av glycidylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer. Polymers containing only epoxy groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of glycidyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Polymerer i hvilke kun nitrogenholdige grupper av én ogPolymers in which only nitrogen-containing groups of one and
samme type forekommer som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av umettede amider, nitriler, aminer, imider og heterocykliske forbindelser med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer. the same type occurs as polar groups, such as copolymers of unsaturated amides, nitriles, amines, imides and heterocyclic compounds with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Polymerer inneholdende både karboksylgrupper og nitrogenholdige grupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med amider av umettede monokarboksylsyrer og med monomerer ikke inneholdende polare grupper. Polymers containing both carboxyl groups and nitrogen-containing groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with amides of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and with monomers not containing polar groups.
Polymerer inneholdende både karboksylgrupper og hydroksylgrupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med hydroksyalkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer eller med partialestere av polyalkoholer og umettede monokarboksylsyrer og med monomerer ikke inneholdende polare grupper. Polymers containing both carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with hydroxyalkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or with partial esters of polyalcohols and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and with monomers not containing polar groups.
Polymerer inneholdende både hydroksylgrupper og amid-Polymers containing both hydroxyl groups and amide
grupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av N-hydroksyalkyl-substituerte amider av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med monomerer ikke inneholdende polare grupper. groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of N-hydroxyalkyl-substituted amides of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with monomers not containing polar groups.
Polymerer inneholdende både amidgrupper og aminogrupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av N-amino-alkylsubstituerte amider av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer og sampolymerer av umettede amider med umettede aminer og med monomerer ikke inneholdende polare grupper. Polymers containing both amide groups and amino groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of N-amino-alkyl substituted amides of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and copolymers of unsaturated amides with unsaturated amines and with monomers not containing polar groups.
Polymerer i hvilke både amidgrupper og grupper inne-Polymers in which both amide groups and groups contain
holdende heterocyklisk bundet nitrogen forekommer som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av umettede amider med vinylpyridin eller derivater derav og med monomerer ikke inneholdende polare grupper. holding heterocyclically bound nitrogen occur as polar groups, such as copolymers of unsaturated amides with vinylpyridine or derivatives thereof and with monomers not containing polar groups.
Polymerer inneholdende både imidgrupper og aminogrupperPolymers containing both imide groups and amino groups
som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av imider av umettede as polar groups, then as copolymers of imides of unsatd
dikarboksylsyreanhydrider og polyalkylen-polyaminer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer. dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and polyalkylene polyamines with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Polymerer inneholdende både nitrilgrupper og aminogrupper som polare grupper, så som sampolymerer av N-cyan-N-alkylamino-alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer. Polymers containing both nitrile groups and amino groups as polar groups, such as copolymers of N-cyano-N-alkylamino alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Som eksempler på oljeoppløselige polymerer erholdt ved polymerisering av olefinisk umettede forbindelser ikke inneholdende polare grupper, hvilke polymerer er underkastet en etterbehandling hvorved polare grupper er innført i polymeren, kan de følgende forbindelser nevnes: Homopolymerer av alkylestere av umettede monokarboksyl syrer eller sampolymerer av alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer av forskjellig slag eller med monoolefiner, hvilke polymerer er underkastet aminolyse med et mono- eller polyamin, hvorved de ikke-polare estergrupper er omdannet til polare amidgrupper. As examples of oil-soluble polymers obtained by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds not containing polar groups, which polymers are subjected to a post-treatment whereby polar groups are introduced into the polymer, the following compounds can be mentioned: Homopolymers of alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or copolymers of alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of various kinds or with monoolefins, which polymers are subjected to aminolysis with a mono- or polyamine, whereby the non-polar ester groups are converted into polar amide groups.
Homopolymerer av vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer eller sampolymerer av vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer med monoolefiner, hvilke polymerer er underkastet hydrolyse, hvorved de ikke-polare estergrupper er omdannet til polare hydroksylgrupper. Homopolymers of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids or copolymers of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids with monoolefins, which polymers are subjected to hydrolysis, whereby the non-polar ester groups are converted into polar hydroxyl groups.
Homopolymerer av vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer eller sampolymerer av vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer med monoolefiner, hvilke polymerer er underkastet hydrolyse og deretter behandlet med et alkyl-isocyanat, hvorved de ikke-polare estergrupper er omdannet til polare karbamatgrupper via polare hydroksylgrupper. Homopolymers of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids or copolymers of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids with monoolefins, which polymers are subjected to hydrolysis and then treated with an alkyl isocyanate, whereby the non-polar ester groups are converted into polar carbamate groups via polar hydroxyl groups.
Homopolymerer av umettede aldehyder og alkylvinylketoner, hvilke polymerer er behandlet med et primært amin, hvorved de ikke-polare karbonylgrupper er omdannet til polare imingrupper. Homopolymers of unsaturated aldehydes and alkyl vinyl ketones, which polymers are treated with a primary amine, whereby the non-polar carbonyl groups are converted into polar imine groups.
Sampolymerer av umettede aldehyder og alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer, hvilke polymerer er behandlet med hydroksylamin, hvorved de ikke-polare karbonylgrupper er omdannet til polare oksimgrupper. Copolymers of unsaturated aldehydes and alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, which polymers are treated with hydroxylamine, whereby the non-polar carbonyl groups are converted into polar oxime groups.
Homopolymerer av vinylestere av mettede monokarboksylsyrer, hvilke polymerer delvis er hydrolysert og deretter behandlet med akrylnitril, hvorved ikke-polare estergrupper er omdannet til polare cyanetyleter-grupper via polare hydroksylgrupper. Homopolymers of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids, which polymers are partially hydrolysed and then treated with acrylonitrile, whereby non-polar ester groups are converted into polar cyanoethyl ether groups via polar hydroxyl groups.
Som eksempler på oljeoppløselige polymerer erholdt ved polymerisering av olefinisk umettedeforbindelser som i det minste delvis inneholder polare grupper, hvilke polymerer er underkastet en etterbehandling med det resultat av de polare grupper er omdannet til polare grupper av en forskjellig type, kan de føl-gende forbindelser nevnes: Sampolymerer.av anhydrider av umettede dikarboksylsyrer med monoolefiner eller andre monomerer uten polare grupper, As examples of oil-soluble polymers obtained by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds which at least partially contain polar groups, which polymers are subjected to a post-treatment with the result that the polar groups are converted into polar groups of a different type, the following compounds can be mentioned : Copolymers of anhydrides of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with monoolefins or other monomers without polar groups,
hvilke polymerer er behandlet med et primært amin, hvorved de polare karboksylanhydridgrupper er omdannet til polare imidgrupper. which polymers are treated with a primary amine, whereby the polar carboxylic anhydride groups are converted into polar imide groups.
Sampolymerer av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer, hvilke polymerer er etoksylert raed etylenoksyd, hvorved de polare karboksylgrupper er omdannet til polare hydroksyetylgrupper. Copolymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, which polymers are ethoxylated with ethylene oxide, whereby the polar carboxyl groups are converted into polar hydroxyethyl groups.
Vanligvis er det tilstrekkelig at én oljeoppløselig polymer inkorporeres i smøreoljekomposisjonen. Eventuelt kan to eller flere oljeoppløselige polymerer inkorporeres i smøreolje-kompoaisjonen. De følgende polymerer foretrekkes. Usually it is sufficient that one oil-soluble polymer is incorporated into the lubricating oil composition. Optionally, two or more oil-soluble polymers can be incorporated into the lubricating oil composition. The following polymers are preferred.
Sampolymerer av heterocykliske, nitrogenholdige, olefinisk umettede forbindelser med alkylestere av umettede moncki-irboksyl-syrer, fortrinnsvis sampolymerer av vinylsubstituerte pyrrolidoner eller vinylsubstituerte pyridiner med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer, særlig en sampolymer av N-vinylpyrrolidon med en blanding av alkylmetakrylater med fra 4 til 18 karbonatomer i alkylgruppen, og en sampolymer av 2-metyl-5-vinylpyridin med en blanding av metyl-, lauryl- og stearylmetakrylat. Copolymers of heterocyclic, nitrogen-containing, olefinically unsaturated compounds with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, preferably copolymers of vinyl-substituted pyrrolidones or vinyl-substituted pyridines with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, in particular a copolymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone with a mixture of alkyl methacrylates with from 4 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and a copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine with a mixture of methyl, lauryl and stearyl methacrylate.
Sampolymerer av umettede monokarboksylsyrer med alkylestere av umettede monokarboksylsyrer, hvilke polymerer er behandlet med alkylenoksyd, særlig en sampolymer av metakrylsyre med iaurylmetakrylat og stearylmetakrylat, hvilken polymer er behandlet med etylenoksyd. Copolymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, which polymers are treated with alkylene oxide, in particular a copolymer of methacrylic acid with iauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate, which polymer is treated with ethylene oxide.
Den konsentrasjon som anvendes av de oljeoppløselige polymerer, kan anvendes innenfor vide grense,, avhengig av naturen, strukturen og molekylvekten av polymeren som skal anvendes, og av anti-slitasjevirkningen som skal oppnåes. I noen tilfelle vil en så liten mengde som 0,1 vekt-9C, beregnet etter smøreol je-komposis jonen, være tilstrekkelig til å oppnå den synergistiske anti-slitasjevirkning. I de fleste tilfelle er en mengde på 10 vekt-% rikelig. Høyere og lavere konsentrasjoner enn de ovenfor nevnte kan i noen tilfelle også anvendes. The concentration used of the oil-soluble polymers can be used within a wide range, depending on the nature, structure and molecular weight of the polymer to be used, and on the anti-wear effect to be achieved. In some cases, as little as 0.1 wt.-9C, calculated according to the lubricating oil composition, will be sufficient to achieve the synergistic anti-wear effect. In most cases, an amount of 10% by weight is sufficient. Higher and lower concentrations than those mentioned above can also be used in some cases.
De oljeoppløselige polymerer anvendes som en komponentThe oil-soluble polymers are used as a component
av smøreoljekomposisjonen. Det er ikke nødvendig at de har smøre-ol jeegenskaper selv, og det er derfor heller ikke nødvendig at deres viskositet ligger innenfor det viskositetsområde som er vanlig for smøreoljer. Man kan derfor anvende oljeoppløselige polymerer med varierende viskositet, og derfor med varierende molekylvekt. of the lubricating oil composition. It is not necessary that they have lubricating oil properties themselves, and it is therefore also not necessary that their viscosity lies within the viscosity range that is common for lubricating oils. One can therefore use oil-soluble polymers with varying viscosity, and therefore with varying molecular weight.
Særlig gode komposisjoner i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles fra et smøreoljedestillat raffinert med flytende svoveldioksyd og etterbehandlet med jord, med en viskositets- Particularly good compositions according to the invention can be prepared from a lubricating oil distillate refined with liquid sulfur dioxide and post-treated with earth, with a viscosity
indeks på fra 30 til 60 og en viskositet ved 50°C på fra 60 til 75 cS, én konsentrert dispersjon av kalsiumkarbonat stabilisert med kalsiumnaftenat i en mengde på fra 0,08 til 0,12 ekvivalent kalsiumnaftenat pr. ekvivalent dispergert kalsiumkarbonat i en mineralolje med en viskositet ved 50°C på fra 7,0 til 21 cS, og som oljeoppløselig polymer enten en sampolymer av akrylater eller metakrylater med vinylsubstituerte pyrrolidoner eller vinylsubstituerte pyridiner eller en etoksylert sampolymer av akrylsyre eller metakrylsyre med akrylater eller metakrylater. index of from 30 to 60 and a viscosity at 50°C of from 60 to 75 cS, one concentrated dispersion of calcium carbonate stabilized with calcium naphthenate in an amount of from 0.08 to 0.12 equivalent calcium naphthenate per equivalent dispersed calcium carbonate in a mineral oil with a viscosity at 50°C of from 7.0 to 21 cS, and as oil-soluble polymer either a copolymer of acrylates or methacrylates with vinyl-substituted pyrrolidones or vinyl-substituted pyridines or an ethoxylated copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with acrylates or methacrylates.
Oppfinnelsen skal illustreres nærmere ved hjelp av deThe invention shall be illustrated in more detail by means of the
følgende eksempler.the following examples.
EKSEMPEL .1EXAMPLE .1
Basisolje (naftenisk smøreoljedestillat med enBase oil (naphthenic lubricating oil distillate with a
viskositetsindeks på 45 og en viskositetviscosity index of 45 and a viscosity
ved 50°C på 68 cS og ved 98,9°C på 10,2 cS) ........ 65,2 vekt-% Sampolymer av laurylmetakrylat med stearylmetakrylat at 50°C of 68 cS and at 98.9°C of 10.2 cS) ........ 65.2% by weight Copolymer of lauryl methacrylate with stearyl methacrylate
og metakrylsyre i et molforhold på 5:5:4, iand methacrylic acid in a molar ratio of 5:5:4, i
hvilken polymer karboksylgruppene er omdannet til hydroksyetylgrupper ved hjelp av etylen- in which polymer the carboxyl groups have been converted to hydroxyethyl groups by means of ethylene-
oksyd; gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt avoxide; average molecular weight of
polymeren 1.200.000 0,8 vekt-% Konsentrat i smøreoljedestillater av dispergert the polymer 1,200,000 0.8% by weight Concentrate in lubricating oil distillates of dispersed
kalsiumkarbonat stabilisert med 0,10calcium carbonate stabilized with 0.10
ekvivalent kalsiumnaftenat; Ca-innholdequivalent calcium naphthenate; Ca content
7,35 vekt -% 34,0 vekt --% 7.35 weight -% 34.0 weight -%
EKSEMPEL IIEXAMPLE II
Basisolje. fra eksempel I.... 65,2 vekt-% Sampolymer av en blanding av alkylmetakrylater med Base oil. from example I.... 65.2% by weight Copolymer of a mixture of alkyl methacrylates with
fra 4 til 18 karbonatomer i alkylgruppenfrom 4 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group
med N-vinylpyrrolidon i et molforhold påwith N-vinylpyrrolidone in a molar ratio of
ca. 7,5:1; gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt forabout. 7.5:1; average molecular weight for
polymeren 800.000 0,8 vekt-% Konsentrat av dispergert kalsiumkarbonat som the polymer 800,000 0.8% by weight Concentrate of dispersed calcium carbonate which
i eksempel 1 34,0 vekt-% in example 1 34.0% by weight
EKSEMPEL IIIEXAMPLE III
Basisolje som i eksempel 1 65,2 vekt-% Sampolymer av metylmetakrylat, laurylmetakrylat Base oil as in example 1 65.2% by weight Copolymer of methyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate
og stearylmetakrylat med 2-metyl-5-vinyl-and stearyl methacrylate with 2-methyl-5-vinyl-
pyridin i et vekt-forhold på 16,0:49,7:29,3:5,0; pyridine in a weight ratio of 16.0:49.7:29.3:5.0;
Gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt for polymeren Average molecular weight of the polymer
800.000 0,8 vekt-% Konsentrat av dispergert kalsiumsalt som i eks. 1 34,0 vekt-% 800,000 0.8% by weight Concentrate of dispersed calcium salt as in ex. 1 34.0% by weight
SAMMENLIGNINGSOLJECOMPARISON OIL
Basisolje (naftenisk rest-smøreolje med en viskositetBase oil (naphthenic residual lubricating oil with a viscosity
ved 98,9°C på 16,12 cS) 66 vekt-% Konsentrat av dispergert kalsiumkarbonat som i at 98.9°C of 16.12 cS) 66% by weight Concentrate of dispersed calcium carbonate as in
eks. 1 34 t vekt-% e.g. 1 34 t weight-%
Oljene ble prøvet i en "Werkspoor DM 1" motor. Dette erThe oils were tested in a "Werkspoor DM 1" engine. This is
en en-sylindret firetaktsmotor, boring x slaglengde 320 x 450 mm. Denne motor har adskilt smøring av sylinder og veivaksel. Prøvens varighet var 13 timer ved 50 hk belastning og en hastighet på a single-cylinder four-stroke engine, bore x stroke 320 x 450 mm. This engine has separate lubrication of the cylinder and crankshaft. The duration of the test was 13 hours at a load of 50 hp and a speed of
250 omdr. pr. min.250 revolutions per my.
Sylinderen ble smurt med de ovenfornevnte oljer. Brennstoffet var en restolje med et svovelinnhold på 3,5%. The cylinder was lubricated with the above-mentioned oils. The fuel was a residual oil with a sulfur content of 3.5%.
Prøveresultatene er angitt i den følgende tabell.The test results are given in the following table.
WERKSPOOR 13-TIMERS PRØVEWERKSPOOR 13-HOUR TRIAL
Disse eksempler illustrerer den gunstige anti-slitasjevirkning for en olje i henhold til oppfinnelsen sammenlignet med virkningen av en sammenligningsolje med det samme metallinnhold som oljen i henhold til oppfinnelsen. These examples illustrate the favorable anti-wear effect of an oil according to the invention compared to the effect of a comparison oil with the same metal content as the oil according to the invention.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6505344A NL6505344A (en) | 1965-04-27 | 1965-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO122198B true NO122198B (en) | 1971-06-01 |
Family
ID=19793038
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO162733A NO122198B (en) | 1965-04-27 | 1966-04-25 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE679999A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1594612B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES325945A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1117196A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6505344A (en) |
NO (1) | NO122198B (en) |
SE (1) | SE301019B (en) |
-
1965
- 1965-04-27 NL NL6505344A patent/NL6505344A/xx unknown
-
1966
- 1966-04-25 SE SE5607/66A patent/SE301019B/xx unknown
- 1966-04-25 BE BE679999D patent/BE679999A/xx unknown
- 1966-04-25 NO NO162733A patent/NO122198B/no unknown
- 1966-04-25 GB GB18015/66A patent/GB1117196A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-04-25 ES ES0325945A patent/ES325945A1/en not_active Expired
- 1966-04-25 DE DE1966S0103387 patent/DE1594612B2/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6505344A (en) | 1966-10-28 |
DE1594612A1 (en) | 1970-05-06 |
GB1117196A (en) | 1968-06-19 |
DE1594612B2 (en) | 1977-07-07 |
SE301019B (en) | 1968-05-20 |
BE679999A (en) | 1966-10-25 |
ES325945A1 (en) | 1967-03-01 |
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