NO120655B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO120655B NO120655B NO4993/68A NO499368A NO120655B NO 120655 B NO120655 B NO 120655B NO 4993/68 A NO4993/68 A NO 4993/68A NO 499368 A NO499368 A NO 499368A NO 120655 B NO120655 B NO 120655B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- melting point
- eutectic
- melting
- fusible
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical group [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910020836 Sn-Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020988 Sn—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/055—Fusible members
- H01H85/06—Fusible members characterised by the fusible material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
- H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
- H01H2037/768—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material characterised by the composition of the fusible material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
- H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
- H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Description
Ternær legering for anvendelse i smeltesikringer. Ternary alloy for use in fuses.
Oppfinnelsen angår legeringer med lavt smeltepunkt, og mer spesielt en ternær legering for smeltesikringer for anvendelse som varmebeskyttende utstyr for elektriske kretser. The invention relates to alloys with a low melting point, and more particularly to a ternary alloy for fuses for use as heat protective equipment for electrical circuits.
En type beskyttende utstyr som er utstrakt anv-endt, f.eks. A type of protective equipment that is widely used, e.g.
i ballastmotstander for fluorescerende lys, er den smeltetråd som utgjores av et stykke av en egnet legering med lavt smeltepunkt. in ballast resistors for fluorescent lights, it is a fusible wire made from a piece of a suitable alloy with a low melting point.
Slike smeltetråder er underkastet strenge temperatur-tidskrav og Such melting wires are subject to strict temperature-time requirements and
må kunne smelte hurtig ved en nærmere angitt temperatur for der- must be able to melt quickly at a specified temperature for there-
ved å falle ut av og bryte en krets dersom kritiske betingelser oppstår. by falling out of and breaking a circuit if critical conditions occur.
For imidlertid å være korikuransedyktig må en smeltetråd However, in order to be corirurance capable, a fusible link must be used
være istand til å holde den elektriske krets hvori den anvendes, i drift inntil den maksimalt tillatelige temperatur nåes. be able to keep the electrical circuit in which it is used in operation until the maximum permissible temperature is reached.
Kort sagt må e-n smeltetråd eller den legering hvorfra den er fremstilt, for å være egnet i ethvert henseende gjennomgå en hurtig og praktisk talt isoterm faseovergang fra fast til flytende form. In short, a fusible wire or the alloy from which it is made, to be suitable in any respect, must undergo a rapid and practically isothermal phase transition from solid to liquid form.
Dessuten må legeringen ha en tilfredsstillende mekanisk styrke og god motstandsevne overfor dannelse av overflatefilmer som hoved-sakelig dannes ved oxydasjon, slik at den onskede respons overfor kritiske temperaturforandringer ikke påvirkes i uheldig grad. In addition, the alloy must have satisfactory mechanical strength and good resistance to the formation of surface films which are mainly formed by oxidation, so that the desired response to critical temperature changes is not adversely affected.
For at en legering skal være tilfredsstillende for anvendelse som en smeltetråd må legeringen med andre ord være i det vesentlige fast og ha.begrenset ekspansjon eller kontraksjon inntil omgivelses-temperaturen mår en på forhånd bestemt hoyde. På dette tidspunkt må legeringen hurtig og praktisk talt isotermt gå over i flytende form, falle ut av kretsen og således bryte denne. In other words, for an alloy to be satisfactory for use as a fusible wire, the alloy must be substantially solid and have limited expansion or contraction until the ambient temperature reaches a predetermined level. At this point, the alloy must quickly and practically isothermally change into liquid form, fall out of the circuit and thus break it.
Dannelsen av overflatefilmer kan selvfolgelig lett forandre en smeltetråds smelteegenskaper. For å unngå et for tidlig brudd i kretsen på grunn av tillatelige temperatursvingninger under det kritiske punkt og for å hindre utslag ved en temperatur rett under dette punkt må legeringen dessuten gjennomgå en skarp faseforandring slik at smeltetråden holder seg uforandret praktisk talt opp til smeltepunktet, men ikke utover dette. The formation of surface films can, of course, easily change the melting properties of a melting wire. In order to avoid a premature break in the circuit due to permissible temperature fluctuations below the critical point and to prevent breakdown at a temperature just below this point, the alloy must also undergo a sharp phase change so that the fusible wire remains practically unchanged up to the melting point, but not beyond this.
Det er derfor nddvendig at en smeltetrådlegering har en eutektisk eller praktisk talt eutektisk sammensetning som,,hvilket er velkjent, har en isoterm eller praktisk talt isoterm faseovergang fra fast til flytende form. It is therefore necessary that a melting wire alloy has a eutectic or practically eutectic composition which, as is well known, has an isothermal or practically isothermal phase transition from solid to liquid form.
I ikke-eutektiske sammensetninger kan en gjentatt termisk pendling over og under smeltepunktet forårsake utskillelse av elementer og gradvis frandring av smelte- og storkningsegenskapene. Innen det område av teknikken som foreliggende oppfinnelse befatter seg med, er imidlertid en slik pendling og de derav medfølgende problemer uten betydning da en smeltetråd selvfolgelig vrakes efter én eneste pendling. In non-eutectic compositions, a repeated thermal oscillation above and below the melting point can cause segregation of elements and a gradual change in the melting and solidification properties. However, within the area of technology with which the present invention is concerned, such commutation and the accompanying problems are of no importance as a fusible wire is obviously broken after a single commutation.
Det temperaturområde innenfor hvilket en legering smeller, kan betegnes som en funksjon av forskjellen mellom elementbestanddelenes krystalliseringshastigheter, mens faseovergangstiden kan uttrykkes som en funksjon av de forskjellige krystalliseringshastigheter The temperature range within which an alloy cracks can be described as a function of the difference between the crystallization rates of the elemental constituents, while the phase transition time can be expressed as a function of the different crystallization rates
sammen med den spesielle sammensetnings latente smeltevarme. together with the particular composition's latent heat of fusion.
En legerings smeltepunkt har imidlertid tilsynelatende ingen sammenheng med de enkelte legeringsbestanddelers smeltepunkter, However, the melting point of an alloy apparently has no connection with the melting points of the individual alloy constituents,
og det er også meget vanskelig å forutsi med noen grad av n6y-aktighet den numeriske verdi til en legerings latente smeltevarme bare ved å gå ut i fra egenskapene til de enkelte legeringselementer. and it is also very difficult to predict with any degree of accuracy the numerical value of an alloy's latent heat of fusion just by starting from the properties of the individual alloying elements.
Det vil derfor fremgå at det ikke er mulig å folge noen logiske trinn for å komme frem til en eutektisk eller praktisk talt eutektisk sammensetning som tilfredsstiller meget begrensede og noyaktig temperatur- tidskrav. Selv om en legering kan vise seg å være ideell hva gjelder dens smeltepunkt, kan det hende at den er uaksepterbar med hensyn til faseovergangstiden. Dersom smeltingen er for treg, vil en sikring eller smeltetråd ikke nødvendigvis oppfylle sin beskyttende funksjon på grunn av at den ikke faller ut av kretsen på onsket måte. It will therefore appear that it is not possible to follow any logical steps to arrive at a eutectic or practically eutectic composition which satisfies very limited and precise temperature-time requirements. Although an alloy may prove to be ideal in terms of its melting point, it may be unacceptable in terms of phase transition time. If the melting is too slow, a fuse or fusible link will not necessarily fulfill its protective function because it does not fall out of the circuit in the desired way.
Ved foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringes smeltbare legeringer med alle onskeligeegenskaper og, hvilket er mest betydningsfullt, The present invention provides fusible alloys with all desirable properties and, most significantly,
med onskede smeltepunktstemperaturer samtidig med egnede, hurtige og fullstendige faseovergangsegenskaper. with desired melting point temperatures while having suitable, rapid and complete phase transition properties.
Oppfinnelsen angår derfor en ternær legering med hurtig og praktisk talt isoterm faseovergang fra fast til flytende form, for anvendelse i smeltesikringerjog legeringen er særpreget ved at den består av en i det vesentlige eutektisk sammensetning av indium og tinn og av en rest som utgjores av ca. 1,3$ solv og har et smelte-. punkt av 113,8+ 1°C, eller av ca. 0,17 % kobber og har et smeltepunkt av 117,6<+> l°C. The invention therefore relates to a ternary alloy with a rapid and practically isothermal phase transition from solid to liquid form, for use in fuses, and the alloy is characterized by the fact that it consists of an essentially eutectic composition of indium and tin and of a residue made up of approx. 1.3$ solv and has a melt-. point of 113.8+ 1°C, or of approx. 0.17% copper and has a melting point of 117.6<+> l°C.
Den mest foretrukne legering har folgende omtrentlige sammensetning: 51,<*>+ % In, if7,3 % Sn og 1,3 % Ag. The most preferred alloy has the following approximate composition: 51.<*>+% In, if7.3% Sn and 1.3% Ag.
Ved utviklingen av legeringene ifolge oppfinnelsen ble f5rst det binære system indium-tinn undersokt. Det ble da fastslått at selv om den eutektiske sammensetning for dette binære system var særpreget ved et smeltepunkt og en faseovergangstid som tilfreds-stilte de gjeldende krav til "temperatur-tid" forholdet, vill9 When developing the alloys according to the invention, the binary system indium-tin was first investigated. It was then established that although the eutectic composition for this binary system was characterized by a melting point and a phase transition time that satisfied the current requirements for the "temperature-time" relationship, wild9
denne eutektiske sammensetning ikke på tilfredsstillende måte kunne imotekomme de strengere krav som med sikkerhet kan ventes å bli stilt i den nærmeste fremtid. this eutectic composition could not satisfactorily meet the stricter requirements that can be expected to be made with certainty in the near future.
Undersøkelser ble folgelig fortsatt ved å tilsette forholdsvis små prosentuelle mengder av elementer fra gruppen IB i det periodiske system til eutektikumet a<y> In-Sn. Investigations were therefore continued by adding relatively small percentage amounts of elements from group IB in the periodic table to the eutectic a<y> In-Sn.
Det viste seg at kobber ga en bestemt nedsettelse av smelte- It turned out that copper produced a definite reduction in melting
punktet mens solv hadde en ennu mer onskelig virkning. the point while sol had an even more desirable effect.
Ved å utfore egende forsok viste det seg at den nye ternære legering av In-Sn-Ag smeltet ved en temperatur av 113,8+ 1°C og at dens faseovergang var avsluttet innenfor de aksepterbare tids-begrensninger som gjelder for smeltetråder. By conducting separate experiments, it was found that the new ternary alloy of In-Sn-Ag melted at a temperature of 113.8+ 1°C and that its phase transition was completed within the acceptable time limits applicable to fusible wires.
En metallografisk undersokelse av en prove av den nye legering tilkjennega dessuten at den hadde en i det vesentlige homogen sammensetning over hele tverrsnittet, og dette tydet på at legeringen hadde en eutektisk eller praktisk talt eutektisk sammensetning. A metallographic examination of a sample of the new alloy also revealed that it had a substantially homogeneous composition over the entire cross-section, and this indicated that the alloy had a eutectic or practically eutectic composition.
Den virkelige eutektiske sammensetning er selvfolgelig den The real eutectic composition is obviously that
mest foretrukne for oppnåelse av en onskelig, ren isoterm overgang, men det er blitt fastslått at for det berorte formål kan legeringen ha den nevnte omtrentlige sammensetning og fremdeles smelte ved en temperatur innenfor det foreskrevne område. most preferred for obtaining a desirable pure isothermal transition, but it has been found that for the purpose concerned the alloy may have the approximate composition mentioned and still melt at a temperature within the prescribed range.
En smeltetråd fremstilt fra det nye materiale har vist seg A fusible link made from the new material has been shown
å ha en tilfredsstillende mekanisk styrke for anvendelsesformålet, to have a satisfactory mechanical strength for the purpose of application,
og den hadde også en god motstandsevne overfor overflatefilm-dannelse (ved oxydasjon). and it also had a good resistance to surface film formation (by oxidation).
Den nye ternære legering av In-Sn-Ag er derfor i alle henseen-der meget godt egnet for anvendelse ved fremstilling av smeltetråder, og en tilsetning av ca. 0,17 % kobber til In-Sn-eutektikumet gir en legering som er egnet for anvendelse ved fremstilling av smeltetråder med et smeltepunkt av 117,6°C+ 1°C. The new ternary alloy of In-Sn-Ag is therefore in all respects very well suited for use in the production of fusible wires, and an addition of approx. 0.17% copper to the In-Sn eutectic gives an alloy suitable for use in the manufacture of fusible wires with a melting point of 117.6°C+1°C.
Det ansees ikke som nddvendig nærmere å komme inn på frem-stillingen av disse nye legeringer da denne ikke medforer noen spesielle problemer. Imidlertid må legeringsbestanddelenes renhet taes i betraktning. It is not considered necessary to go into the production of these new alloys in more detail as this does not entail any particular problems. However, the purity of the alloying elements must be taken into account.
De opprinnelige forsok ble således utfort ved å anvende legeringselementer med en renhet av 99,9999$» men senere forsok har vist at en renhet av 99?99$ er aksepterbar. The original trials were thus carried out using alloy elements with a purity of 99.9999$, but later trials have shown that a purity of 99.99$ is acceptable.
Den ternære legering ifolge oppfinnelsen kan bearbeides til en hvilken som helst onsket utformning for anvendelse som en smeltetråd. The ternary alloy according to the invention can be worked into any desired shape for use as a fusible wire.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA7770 | 1967-12-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO120655B true NO120655B (en) | 1970-11-16 |
Family
ID=4083945
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO4993/68A NO120655B (en) | 1967-12-16 | 1968-12-13 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3627517A (en) |
CA (1) | CA868830A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1814107A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1594275A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1244186A (en) |
NO (1) | NO120655B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3833362A (en) * | 1970-09-18 | 1974-09-03 | Ppg Industries Inc | Electroconductive solder |
DE2121120C3 (en) * | 1971-04-29 | 1973-11-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Overtemperature protection for an electrical winding |
US5120498A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-06-09 | C-Innovations, Inc. | Solders having exceptional adhesion to glass |
US5256370B1 (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1996-09-03 | Indium Corp America | Lead-free alloy containing tin silver and indium |
US5242658A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1993-09-07 | The Indium Corporation Of America | Lead-free alloy containing tin, zinc and indium |
EP1189252A1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuse link, method of manufacturing the same and solder material |
JP4360666B2 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2009-11-11 | 内橋エステック株式会社 | Alloy type thermal fuse and wire for thermal fuse element |
US7023307B2 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2006-04-04 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Electro-magnetically enhanced current interrupter |
JP2005171371A (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-30 | Uchihashi Estec Co Ltd | Alloy type thermal fuse and wire material for thermal fuse element |
US9595768B2 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2017-03-14 | Pilkington Group Limited | Glazing with a soldered connector |
-
1967
- 1967-12-16 CA CA868830A patent/CA868830A/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-12-10 FR FR1594275D patent/FR1594275A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-12-12 DE DE19681814107 patent/DE1814107A1/en active Pending
- 1968-12-13 NO NO4993/68A patent/NO120655B/no unknown
- 1968-12-13 US US783764A patent/US3627517A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-12-16 GB GB59666/68A patent/GB1244186A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA868830A (en) | 1971-04-20 |
DE1814107A1 (en) | 1969-08-14 |
GB1244186A (en) | 1971-08-25 |
FR1594275A (en) | 1970-06-01 |
US3627517A (en) | 1971-12-14 |
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