NO119704B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO119704B
NO119704B NO144488A NO14448862A NO119704B NO 119704 B NO119704 B NO 119704B NO 144488 A NO144488 A NO 144488A NO 14448862 A NO14448862 A NO 14448862A NO 119704 B NO119704 B NO 119704B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
cathode
space
sedimentation
filled
insulating material
Prior art date
Application number
NO144488A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
R Gandy
Original Assignee
Telephone Cables Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telephone Cables Ltd filed Critical Telephone Cables Ltd
Publication of NO119704B publication Critical patent/NO119704B/no

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/224—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip being a resistive ribbon, a resistive band or a resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/228—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the means for electrically connecting the ends of said heated wire, resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0322—Post-pressing without reshaping, i.e. keeping the joint under pressure after joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/341—Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81461—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being multi-lamellar or segmented, i.e. comprising a plurality of strips, plates or stacked elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81471—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a wrap-around tape or band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B29C66/82421—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av indirekte opphetbar katode for elektriske utladningsrør.
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en indirekte glø-det katode for elektriske utladningsrør, særlig slike katoder hvor rommet mellom glødelegemet og katodehylsen er fylt med et sintret isolasjonsmateriale.
Det er ofte ønskelig at rommet mellom glødelegemet og hylsen i en indirekte glø-det katode er fullstendig utfylt med et isolasjonsmateriale som er sintret. Dette er f f. eks. tilfelle med katoder som har høy driftstemperatur eller hvor det er ønskelig med en meget god elektrisk isolasjon mellom glødelegemet og katoden. Dess-uten er det ofte ønskelig å hindre inn-byrdes bevegelse mellom glødelegemet og katoden med hensyn til mikrofonisk støy som følge av kapasitetsforandringer mellom disse deler.
Det har imidlertid vist seg at det er svært vanskelig å hindre at der oppstår hulrom i isolasjonsmassen eller mellom massen og katodehylsen, ved fyllingen av rommet og etter sintringen. Sintringen er nødvendig for å fjerne gasser fra isolasjonsmaterialet og for å forhindre at ma-terialet faller ut av katodehylsen.
Slike hulrom er uønsket, særlig med hensyn til varmeledningen mellom gløde-legemet og katodehylsen.
Da varmeledningen minskes ved slike hulrom, får man ikké et jevnt produkt og som følge derav sterk temperaturforskjell, da hulrommene i de forskjellige katoder befinner seg på forskjellige steder, idet den fare foreligger at glødelegemet stedvis blir for varmt og glødetråden som følge derav sprø.
De ovenfor nevnte ulemper kan fullstendig unngås ved bruk av fremgangsmå-ten ifølge oppfinnelsen, idet isolasjonsmaterialet bringes inn i nevnte rom ved sedi-mentasjon fra en suspensjon.
Herved får man den fordel at finere og grovere partikler i suspensjonen delvis atskiller seg fra hverandre særlig når fall-høyden, dvs. den strekning partiklene må tilbakelegge, gjøres stor nok. De grovere partikler kommer da hovedsakelig til å ligge underst og de finere hovedsakelig øverst.
Når katodehylsen er lukket i en ende, kommer de grovere partikler til å ligge
ved den lukkede ende, og de finere partikler i den åpne ende. De grovere partikler
sintres lite og svinner derfor bare lite, mens de finere partikler ved sintringen får en stor mekanisk fasthet og danner derfor en god lukning av den åpne ende.
De grovere partikler gir en porøs masse
med noe ettergivenhet, slik at skrumpe-sprekker unngås.
En fallhøyde på 2 til 3 ganger lengden av det rom som skal fylles ut har vist seg gunstig, særlig når sedimentasjonen be-fordres ved sentrifugering.
Oppfinnelsen skal nedenfor beskrives
nærmere under henvisning til tegningen.
Fig. 1 viser en holder for katodehylsen
og suspensjonen under sedimentasjonen. Fig. 2 viser en sentrifuge med slike holdere. Fig. 3 viser et lengdesnitt gjennom en katode iføige sedimentasjonen og sintringen ifølge oppfinnelsen.
I fig. 1 betegner 1 emisjonsdelen, dvs. den egentlige katode, i foreliggende tilfelle en forrådskatode, 2 katodehylsen hvori emisjonsdelen 1 er festet og 3 gløde-legemet som er anordnet i katodehylsen 2. Katodehylsen 2 har en periferisk vulst 4. Enheten bestående av katoden 1, hylsen 2 og glødelegemet 3 skyves inn i en metall-holder 5 inntil vulsten 4 ligger an mot kanten av holderen 5. Holderen 5 har et hulrom 9 med en kegleformet del som er forbundet med et annet hulrom hvori katodehylsen 2 passer inn. Deretter blir holderen 5 sammen med katodeenheten anordnet i en åpning 7 i en annen holder 6 som f. eks. kan bestå av kunststoff. Hul-rommet 7 har i bunnen en fordypning 8 for å oppta katoden 1. Rommet 9 blir så fylt med en suspensjon av det isolasjonsmateriale som skal anbringes i katodehylsen. Der anvendes fortrinsvis malt og ren-set A<l>2Os og 1 kg malt A1203 suspenderes i 1 liter etylalkohol. Størrelsen av partiklene er fortrinsvis 1 til 15 mikron. Høyden av rommet 9 er i det minste lik lengden av katodehylsen 2. Størrelsen av de grove deler i suspensjonen synker først til bunnen og avsettes i den nedre del ved den lukkede ende av katodehylsen, mens stør-relsen av partiklene minsker nedenfra og oppover. Etter at de faste stoffer har av-satt seg helles væsken av eller den for-damper, og holderen 5 tas ut av holderen 6 og opphetes inntil isolasjonsmaterialet begynner å sintre. I den ferdige katode som er vist i fig. 3, inneholder katodehylsen i det vesentlige grove partikler 12 (10 til 15 mikron) mens de fine partikler (ca. 1 mikron) prosentualt øker jevnt mot den åpne ende.
Sedimentasjonen kan påskynnes be-traktelig ved hjelp av en sentrifuge som vist i fig. 2. Holderen 6 kan i denne opp-henges i en ring il, som bæres av sentrifugens armer 10. Ved en fallhøyde på to til tre ganger lengden av katoden, oppnår man en praktisk talt fullstendig sedimen-tasjon etter tilnærmet 5 til 10 minutter ved 3000 omdreininger pr. minutt og en avstand mellom katoden og sentrifugens aksel på ca. 10 til 15 cm, idet det faste stoff fyller ut katodehylsen til en høyde som i fig. 1 er vist med en streket linje 14.
Sintringen av Al2Os skjer ved opp-varming først to timer til 1000° C og deretter 15 minutter på 1600° C. Det viser seg at der på denne måten ikke oppstår hulrom hverken ved fyllingen eller ved sintringen. Det er nødvendig at suspensjonen har partikler av forskjellige stør-relser, slik at man fortrinnsvis går ut fra malt isolasjonsmateriale.
Selv om denne beskrivelse angår en katode av bestemt form, nemlig en såkalt forrådskatode, kan oppfinnelsen også anvendes ved fremstiling av rørformede katoder.

Claims (1)

  1. Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en indirekte opphetbar katode for elektriske utladningsrør, hvor rommet mellom hete-legemet og katodehylsen er utfylt med et sintret isolasjonsmateriale, karakterisert ved at isolasjonsmaterialet ved sedimen-tasjon fra en suspensjon som inneholder partikler av svært forskjellig størrelse, bringes inn i nevnte rom, idet lengden av \ suspensjonssøylen i det minste er to ganger lengden av det rom som skal utfylles, slik at de grove og de fine partikler under sedimentasjonen delvis skiller seg fra hverandre slik at der under sintringen ikke oppstår hulrom. Anførte publikasjoner:
    Dansk patent nr. 62 338. Svensk patent nr. 127 051. U.S. patent nr. 2 119 309, 2 355 232.
NO144488A 1961-05-24 1962-05-23 NO119704B (no)

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US3369954A (en) * 1964-11-12 1968-02-20 Fener Alfred Heat sealing machine and sealing member therefor
US3506519A (en) * 1967-01-13 1970-04-14 Susquehanna Corp Method of making interlocked welded connections between thermoplastic articles
US3645820A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-02-29 Garlock Inc Method of making flanged-end tubular elements of plastic material
GB1308164A (en) * 1970-11-17 1973-02-21 Letraset International Ltd Mesh heated die
US4032380A (en) * 1973-04-13 1977-06-28 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson Method of joining of insulated high-voltage cables
US4251314A (en) * 1979-09-06 1981-02-17 Johnston Orin B Heat bonding device
US4743320A (en) * 1984-08-07 1988-05-10 Bondico, Inc. Method of heat sealing a thermoplastic drum and lid and article of manufacture
AT384580B (de) * 1985-05-10 1987-12-10 Egger K Kunststoffwerk Vorrichtung zum verschweissen zweier einander uebergreifender rohrteile aus kunststoff
FR2597570B2 (fr) * 1985-12-27 1988-10-14 Coopetanche Sa Procede de garnissage interne de conduites et manchons pour conduites garnies selon ce procede
GB2201120B (en) * 1987-02-19 1991-03-06 Caradon Rolinx Welding process
DE4428767C2 (de) * 1994-08-13 1996-09-05 Rehau Ag & Co Verfahren zum Verschweissen von Rohrmuffen
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