NO115278B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO115278B NO115278B NO147655A NO14765563A NO115278B NO 115278 B NO115278 B NO 115278B NO 147655 A NO147655 A NO 147655A NO 14765563 A NO14765563 A NO 14765563A NO 115278 B NO115278 B NO 115278B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- lightweight concrete
- sand
- concrete
- bulk density
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/02—Washing ; Displacing cooking or pulp-treating liquors contained in the pulp by fluids, e.g. wash water or other pulp-treating agents
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
Lettbetong. Lightweight concrete.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på en lettbetong. Den tilsikter å gjøre det mulig å utnytte de store naturlige, fore-komster av skjell- eller korallsand som finnes langs Norges kyst til fremstilling av bygningselementer med stor varmeisola-sjon. The present invention is based on a lightweight concrete. It aims to make it possible to utilize the large natural deposits of shell or coral sand found along Norway's coast for the production of building elements with great thermal insulation.
Lettbetong blir nå i alminnelighet fremstillet på en av følgende tre måter. Til en blanding av sement og vann blir det satt: 1. Naturlige eller kunstige tilslagsmateri-aler med lav romvekt, som pimpestein, slagg, ekspandert leire, spesialbehand-let sagflis etc. 2. Et stoff som utvikler gass i sementmiljø, for eks. aluminiumspulver, sink-pulver etc. 3. Et skumdannende middel i forbindelse med spesialbygde blandere. Lightweight concrete is now generally produced in one of the following three ways. To a mixture of cement and water is added: 1. Natural or artificial aggregates with a low bulk density, such as pumice stone, slag, expanded clay, specially treated sawdust etc. 2. A substance that develops gas in a cement environment, e.g. aluminum powder, zinc powder etc. 3. A foaming agent in connection with specially built mixers.
Anvendelse av korallsand som lett til-slag i den første av de fremgangsmåter som er nevnt ovenfor er kjent. Imidlertid byr det på vanskeligheter på denne måten å fremstille en lettbetong som samtidig til-fredsstiller de øvrige krav til en lettbetong i tillegg til at den skal ha lav romvekt, nemlig tilstrekkelig høy fasthet, frost-motstandsdygtighet og lav fuktighets-absorbering. The use of coral sand as light aggregate in the first of the methods mentioned above is known. However, it presents difficulties in this way to produce a lightweight concrete which at the same time satisfies the other requirements for a lightweight concrete in addition to having a low bulk density, namely sufficiently high firmness, frost resistance and low moisture absorption.
Lettbetong av korallsand fremstillet på konvensjonell måte må inneholde et mini-mum av sement da det er korallsanden som utgjør den isolerende, lette komponent. Da imidlertid sandens fasthet i seg selv er lav og den har meget uregelmessig og kan-tet kornform, får man oftest et dårlig støpbart inhomogent produkt, med uregelmessig fordelte, forholdsvis store, åpne hul-rom, og dermed liten fasthet og stor vann-oppsugning. Det siste fører i praksis til nedsatt isolasjonsevne. Lightweight concrete made from coral sand produced in a conventional way must contain a minimum of cement as it is the coral sand that forms the insulating, light component. However, since the firmness of the sand itself is low and it has a very irregular and angular grain shape, you often get a poorly castable inhomogeneous product, with irregularly distributed, relatively large, open cavities, and thus low firmness and high water absorption . The latter leads in practice to reduced insulation capacity.
Ved fremstilling av lettbetong etter den ovenfor under 3) nevnte fremgangsmåte, såkalt skumbetong, har det vært nødvendig å bruke helt spesielle blandemaskiner for å oppnå tilstrekkelig stor poredannelse, og det er likevel vanskelig å oppnå den for-langte fasthet for bygningsblokker samtidig med lav romvekt. In the production of lightweight concrete according to the method mentioned above under 3), so-called foamed concrete, it has been necessary to use very special mixing machines in order to achieve sufficiently large pore formation, and it is nevertheless difficult to achieve the required strength for building blocks at the same time as low bulk density .
Det har nå vist seg at det er mulig å komme frem til et lett betongprodukt på basis av korallsand sammen med et hensiktsmessig skumdannende middel, som tilslagsmateriale til sement. Skjellsandbe-tongen oppnår herved egenskaper som gjør det mulig å utnytte den i praksis. Tilsetning av en passende mengde, 1—10 ml pr. kg sement, alt etter sandens kornstørrelse, av et hensiktsmessig skumdannende middel fører til at sementen mellom de uregel-messige kalk-kornene blir fylt av mange små, lukkede porer. Resultatet blir et produkt som i fersk tilstand er meget godt støpbart, og i herdnet tilstand har lav romvekt, høy isolasjonsevne, lav fuktig-hetsabsorbering, stor frostmotstandsdyk-tighet, større homogenitet og høyer fasthet enn tilsvarende skjellsandbetong uten denne tilsetningen. It has now been shown that it is possible to arrive at a light concrete product based on coral sand together with a suitable foaming agent, as aggregate material for cement. Shell sand concrete thereby achieves properties that make it possible to use it in practice. Addition of an appropriate amount, 1-10 ml per kg of cement, depending on the grain size of the sand, of a suitable foaming agent causes the cement between the irregular lime grains to be filled with many small, closed pores. The result is a product which in its fresh state is very well castable, and in its hardened state has a low bulk density, high insulation capacity, low moisture absorption, high frost resistance, greater homogeneity and higher strength than corresponding shell sand concrete without this addition.
I henhold til tilsvarende skumbetong har lettbetong ifølge oppfinnelsen høyere fasthet, og lar seg dessuten fremstille i blandemaskiner som er handelsvare, da det p. g. a. skjellsandtilslaget ikke er nødvendig med så stort porevolum i sementen for å oppnå lav romvekt. According to similar foamed concrete, lightweight concrete according to the invention has higher strength, and can also be produced in commercial mixing machines, as, due to the shell sand aggregate, it is not necessary to have such a large pore volume in the cement to achieve a low bulk density.
I lettbetong etter nærværende oppfinnelse er anvendt poredannede tilsetning av typen «syntetisk vaskemiddel» f. eks. «Tee-pol» e. 1. som er effektive skumdannende midler i sementmiljø og samtidig er kje-misk nøytrale i dette miljø. In lightweight concrete according to the present invention, porous additives of the "synthetic detergent" type are used, e.g. "Tee-pol" e. 1. which are effective foaming agents in a cement environment and at the same time are chemically neutral in this environment.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE235762 | 1962-03-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO115278B true NO115278B (en) | 1968-09-09 |
Family
ID=20259818
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO147655A NO115278B (en) | 1962-03-03 | 1963-02-25 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3298899A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1517144A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI44081B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1348964A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO115278B (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3380883A (en) * | 1963-09-27 | 1968-04-30 | Kamyr Ab | Method and apparatus for performing prehydrolysis in a continuous counterflow digester |
| FI44514B (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1971-08-02 | Kamyr Ab | |
| NO118474B (en) * | 1964-01-25 | 1969-12-29 | Kamyr Ab | |
| US3441475A (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1969-04-29 | Domtar Ltd | Continuous pulping apparatus |
| US3434920A (en) * | 1965-10-07 | 1969-03-25 | Frank B K Green | Apparatus for continuous digesting |
| US3530034A (en) * | 1969-05-16 | 1970-09-22 | Itt Rayonier Inc | Continuous aqueous prehydrolysis of wood chips |
| US3627629A (en) * | 1970-05-06 | 1971-12-14 | Bauer Bros Co | Refining system and process |
| US4061193A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-12-06 | Kamyr, Inc. | Method and apparatus for digesting cellulose material without screening digesting liquid withdrawn through the digester top |
| CH602963A5 (en) * | 1975-11-19 | 1978-08-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
| US4193839A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1980-03-18 | Kamyr, Inc. | Flow control method and apparatus for continuous wood chip digester screenless liquor extractor |
| US4212705A (en) * | 1978-05-22 | 1980-07-15 | Babington William M Jr | Apparatus for recovering high pressure steam from a blow tank |
| CA1127357A (en) * | 1978-05-23 | 1982-07-13 | Makoto Kikuiri | Process for producing alkali pulp |
| PT71072A (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1980-05-01 | Rosenblads Patenter Ab | Method for secondary heat recovery in batchwise cellulose digesting |
| US4385172A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1983-05-24 | International Paper Company | Prevention of hornification of dissolving pulp |
| US4597832A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1986-07-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Apparatus for converting biomass to a pumpable slurry |
| US5788812A (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1998-08-04 | Agar; Richard C. | Method of recovering furfural from organic pulping liquor |
| US5766413A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1998-06-16 | Kvaerner Pulping Ab | Process for isothermal cooking pulp in a continuous digester |
| SE506458C2 (en) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-12-15 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Continuous boiling of cellulosic material with heat exchange between boiler extraction and circulating boiling liquid |
| US5766418A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-06-16 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Handling fibrous material used to produce cellulose pulp |
| US5795438A (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 1998-08-18 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Method and apparatus for feeding multiple digesters |
| US5985096A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-11-16 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Vertical pulping digester having substantially constant diameter |
| US6123808A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2000-09-26 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Distribution of dilution liquor to the discharge of a cellulose pulp digester |
| SE519555C2 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-03-11 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Continuous sawdust cooking process for producing pulp, involves adding filtrate from washing step and white liquor to basing vessel to form part of cooking liquid |
| FI120505B (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2009-11-13 | Stora Enso Oyj | Continuous process for boiling cellulose-based pulp and pulp boiler suitable for the process |
| US8986504B1 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2015-03-24 | International Paper Company | Digester apparatus |
| US20170022664A1 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2017-01-26 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method of digesting cellulose fibrous material in a continuous digester |
| US11162218B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-11-02 | Robert Clayton | Biomass pulp digester |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1548477A (en) * | 1924-07-02 | 1925-08-04 | Morterud Knut Kristoffer | Circulation system for pulp digesters |
| US1633734A (en) * | 1925-07-14 | 1927-06-28 | Jr Frederick K Fish | Process and apparatus for digesting or cooking fibrous material |
| GB684222A (en) * | 1950-07-08 | 1952-12-10 | Kamyr Ab | Cellulose digester |
| DE1034968B (en) * | 1956-01-11 | 1958-07-24 | Hans Werner Meyer | Continuous process for the chemical breakdown of cellulosic fibers into cellulose or semi-cellulose and device for its implementation |
| US3035963A (en) * | 1958-02-19 | 1962-05-22 | Lummus Co | Process for the continuous digestion of cellulosic materials |
| FR1229425A (en) * | 1958-07-09 | 1960-09-07 | Kamyr Ab | Process and installation for the continuous cooking of cellulose |
-
1963
- 1963-02-25 NO NO147655A patent/NO115278B/no unknown
- 1963-02-28 FI FI0389/63A patent/FI44081B/fi active
- 1963-02-28 US US261730A patent/US3298899A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-03-01 DE DE19631517144 patent/DE1517144A1/en active Pending
- 1963-03-01 FR FR926487A patent/FR1348964A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3298899A (en) | 1967-01-17 |
| FR1348964A (en) | 1964-01-10 |
| FI44081B (en) | 1971-04-30 |
| DE1517144A1 (en) | 1969-03-13 |
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