NL9401577A - Composition of a supplementary nutrient for growing mushrooms in a compost, method for the preparation thereof, method for growing mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition of a supplementary nutrient for growing mushrooms in a compost obtained by admixing a starting material for compost with the supplementary nutrient consisting of a protein-containing and a carbohydrate-containing raw material, the carbohydrate-containing raw material containing vegetable mannose-containing carbohydrates and the mannose- containing carbohydrates having a mannose content greater than 50 g/kg, based on the raw material. The invention further relates to a method for preparing the composition and to a method for growing mushrooms using the composts which contain the supplementary nutrient.

Description

Short designation: Composition of a supplementary food for growing mushrooms in a compost, method for preparing it and method for growing mushrooms

The invention relates to a composition of a supplementary food for the cultivation of mushrooms in a compost obtained by adding to a starting material for compost the supplementary food consisting of a protein-containing and a carbohydrate-containing raw material. The invention further relates to a method of preparing the composition and also to a method of cultivating mushrooms in the compost-containing food supplement.

Such a composition of a supplementary food for cultivating mushrooms in a compost is known from EP-A2-0290236. The supplementary food described here consists of a protein-rich substrate that is coated with a hydrophilic coating. This coating controls the availability of the protein present for the mycelium, which increases the yield of mushrooms and extends the life of the compost bed. The protein-rich substrate includes, for example, casein, oat seed flour, soybean, or corn gluten meal. The hydrophilic material is a carbohydrate-rich substance and includes starch, modified starch, starch derivatives, cellulose gum, gum arabic and other polysaccharides.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,942,969 discloses a food supplement containing denatured protein. This patent also describes that the presence of carbohydrates in such supplementary foods is objectionable, but that such substances can be tolerated in small amounts.

The addition of supplementary food to compost is nowadays generally used in mushroom cultivation to increase the number of mushroom fruit bodies per m. Depending on the nature of the supplementary food, the time of supplementary feeding, the composition of the compost and numerous environmental factors such as hygiene and climate control during cultivation, this supplementary feeding leads to a larger number of mushroom

O

fruit bodies per nr whereby a greater yield is obtained. Protein-rich raw materials such as soy meal meal, feather meal, rapeseed, corn gluten meal and cotton seed meal meal are generally used as supplementary foods. Treatment with formaldehyde of these raw materials also increases yield.

In addition to protein (about 35% on a dry weight basis), mushrooms also contain a considerable amount of carbohydrates (about 45% on a dry weight basis). Soy meal contains a high protein content (44-50%) and the addition of this to the compost starting material increases the amino acid uptake by the mushrooms from the compost. The presence of protein in the supplement is responsible for the yield increase when a supplement is used. The carbohydrates of the mushrooms can come from both compost starting material and from the supplementary food. Supplementing the mushrooms with carbohydrate-rich raw materials can lead to adverse consequences, such as an increase in the temperature in the compost bed and a decrease in the development of the mushroom mycelium. An increase in the temperature in the compost bed is caused by the large availability of the food sources, as a result of which the activity of the micro-organisms becomes too great. The addition of highly digestible carbohydrates seriously disrupts the microbiological balance of a compost, which reduces the selectivity of the compost and the mushroom mycelium in its development is inhibited by the competitive pressure of other micro-organisms, such as weeds and bacteria. In order to solve these problems, a composition of a supplementary food for cultivating mushrooms in a compost as mentioned in the preamble has been sought, so that an optimum increase in yield of mushrooms is obtained without disturbing the selectivity of the compost in the compost bed.

The composition according to the invention as stated in the preamble is characterized in that the carbohydrate-containing raw material contains vegetable mannose-containing carbohydrates, and the mannose-containing carbohydrates have a mannose content higher than 50 g / kg, based on the raw material. By carbohydrates containing mannose are meant in particular mannans and galactomannans, glucomannans and galactoglucomannans.

It has therefore surprisingly been found that the consumption of mannose-containing carbohydrates is associated with the depletion of the compost and that mannose-containing carbohydrates are an ideal substrate for the mycelium.

According to the invention, it is now possible to increase the yield of mushrooms by about 10% above the normal yield increase by supplemental feeding of known agents. The aim has been to formulate a supplementary foodstuff that increases the yield of mushrooms per 2 m, while on the one hand the selectivity of the compost is not disturbed and, on the other hand, a significant increase in the temperature in the compost bed can be prevented. Preferably, mannose-containing carbohydrates are used from the group consisting of palm kernels, palm kernel flakes, palm kernel meal, coconut husk and coconut meal. The amount of mannose-containing carbohydrates in a compost is preferably 5 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the supplement.

Another object of the invention is to prepare a composition of a supplementary food for cultivating mushrooms in a compost. This object is achieved by a process for preparing a supplementary foodstuff according to the invention in that the carbohydrate-containing raw material and the protein-containing raw material are mixed in the dry or liquid form. Mixing the two raw materials prevents excess carbohydrate levels in the compost, which increases the chance of unwanted micro-organisms. The method of preparing the composition of the food additive is preferably carried out with an extruder. The composition is preferably ground into granules after extrusion.

Another object of the invention is to cultivate mushrooms in a compost containing the supplementary food product according to the invention. The addition of the supplementary food according to the invention takes place during the grafting of the compost material or because the supplementary food is added during the covering of the compost material when the mycelium has developed from the brood. The addition of a supplementary foodstuff according to the present invention supplements the mannose content, so that the carbohydrate balance is not disturbed during cultivation.

In the preferred embodiment, the protein-containing raw material in the supplementary food is added in a dose of 0.5 to 3 kg / m and the carbohydrate-containing raw material in the supplementary food in 2 a dose of 0.01 to 3 kg / m.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

Milli-champ 3000 (MC 3000) treated with 3000 ppm formaldehyde was used as the basis for the supplementary food. Millichamp 3000 (MC 3000) is a mixture of raw materials, namely soy meal and feather meal. Mushroom-grown compost (marketed by CNC) was mixed with 1% food MC 3000 and with this food supplement to which 6.0% by weight palm kernel meal was added. One day after the supplementary feeding, the compost was covered with casing soil. The harvest took place during three flights. Two comparative experiments 1 and 2 were conducted in which no supplementary foods and Millichamp 3000 were added, respectively. The mushrooms were picked by hand.

The results obtained are shown in Table A.

TABLE A

1 without supplement 2 Millichamp 3000 3 Millichamp 3000 + 6% palm kernel scrap

The data in this table shows that MC 3000 has a positive influence on the amount of mushrooms that is harvested compared to the harvest where no additional food is used. Palm kernel scrap has a positive effect on the known supplementary foodstuff, namely an additional increase of 0.69 kg / m.

Example 2

Millichamp 3000 (MC 3000), as mentioned in Example 1, was used as a protein-containing raw material for various supplementary foodstuffs. MC 3000 was mixed with 5.0%, 10% or 20% carbohydrate-containing raw material, namely palm kernel scrap. Mushroom-grown compost was mixed with these three different supplementary foods and transferred to trays measuring 40 X 60 cm in a layer 30 cm high. The various additional foods were tested at a dose of 0.94 kg / tr. There were 4 replicas per treatment. The compost was covered with casing soil one day after the addition of the supplementary food. The harvest took place during 3 flights. The mushrooms were picked by hand.

The following supplementary foods were used: 1. MC 3000 2. MC 3000 (95%) and palm kernel meal (5%) 3. MC 3000 (90%) and palm kernel meal (10%) 4. MC 3000 (80%) and palm kernel meal (20 %)

The following results were obtained as shown in Table B.

TABLE B

No problems with regard to selectivity of the compost were observed during cultivation. It is clear from the data in Table B that adding palm kernel scrap leads to an increase in the yield. The decrease at a dose of 20% palm kernel scrap is probably caused by a disturbance of the protein-carbohydrate balance in the compost.

Example 3

As a supplementary food, a mixture of 10% palm kernel meal, 70% soy meal meal, 10% grease and 10% wheat flour was used, treated with 3000 ppm formaldehyde. The supplement was extruded in a Wenger extruder at 140 ° C, and comminuted to 1-3 mm crumbs. Mushroom-infused mycelium compost was mixed with various amounts of this supplement and transferred to 40 cm x 60 cm trays in a 30 cm layer. The experiments were performed with 4 replicas per treatment. One day after the supplementary feeding, the compost was covered with casing soil. Harvesting took place during 2 flights. The mushrooms were picked by hand. The supplement was reported in the three experiments as listed in Table C.

used in the following amounts: 2 2 0.63 kg / m in experiment 1, 1.00 kg / m in experiment 2 and 2 2.08 kg / m in experiment 3. The results are shown in Table C.

TABLE C

*) The average temperature in the compost was measured during the first 5 days after covering.

No problems arose with regard to the selectivity of the compost.

Table C also shows that even at a high dose of 2.08 kg / m, the additional food can give an increase in yield, while the temperature increase has no adverse effect. This means that a supplement with 10% palm kernel scraps does not lead to undesired temperature increases and lower yields, even at high dosages, due to disturbance of the selectivity.

Example 4

40 x 60 cm trays were filled with 27 kg of phase 2 compost (Moonlight Mushrooms Rick 177) mixed with 250 grams of Sylvan S100 brood (1.04 kg / m} and possibly with 250 grams of additional food to be tested. for which 6 replicas were used per treatment For 15 days (20 ° C) the trays were covered with perforated foil, after which the foil was removed and covered with casing soil The harvest took place during two flights The mushrooms were picked by hand. The supplement ES-10993 to be investigated consisted of a mixture of 10% palm kernel meal, 70% soy meal meal, 10% feather meal and 10% wheat feed meal treated with 6000 ppm formaldehyde, prepared by extrusion using a Wenger extruder at 140 ° C and reduced to 1-3 mm crumbs For comparison, a first experiment was conducted without a supplement and the second comparative experiment, MC 6000 was used as a supplement. same composition as MC 3000, but treated with 6000 ppm formaldehyde instead of 3000 ppm formaldehyde.

The data obtained are shown in Table D.

TABLE D

The data in Table D shows that a positive influence is obtained by using the additive according to the invention which contains 10% palm kernel scrap during grafting, without creating problems with regard to selectivity.

Example 5

In two extensive field trials, a supplemental food consisting of a mixture of 10% palm kernel meal, 70% soy meal meal, 10% feather meal and 10% wheat feed meal was tested, treated with 3000 ppm formaldehyde, further indicated as a supplement AC-180593. The supplement was extruded (Wenger 140 ° C) and formed into 1-3 mm crumbs. Millichamp 3000 was used for comparison. Both beds were equipped with 5 beds with AC-180593 and 5 beds with MC3000. The 10 beds per company were in a cell. Supplementing took place during the covering. Harvesting took place during 3 flights. The mushrooms were picked by hand.

o On farm 1 (beds of 12 m), results were obtained as shown in table E.

TABLE E

In company 2, the results were obtained as shown in table F. Beds of 22 m2 were used.

TABLE F

No problems with regard to selectivity arose in companies 1 and 2.

The data in Tables E and F show that AC-180593 also has a positive effect on the amount of mushrooms harvested under practical conditions.

Claims (12)

A composition of a supplementary food for growing mushrooms in a compost obtained by adding to a raw material for compost the supplementary food consisting of a protein-containing and a carbohydrate-containing raw material, characterized in that the carbohydrate-containing raw material contains vegetable mannose-containing carbohydrates , and the mannose-containing carbohydrates have a mannose content higher than 50 g / kg, based on the raw material. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mannose-containing carbohydrates are selected from the group consisting of palm kernels, palm kernel expeller, palm kernel meal, coconut expeller and coconut meal. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of raw material with mannose-containing carbohydrates is 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the supplementary food. Process according to the preparation of a composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbohydrate-containing raw material and the protein-containing raw material are mixed in the dry or liquid form. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the composition is extruded. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the composition is ground into granules after extrusion. Method for growing mushrooms in a compost to which a supplementary food has been added, characterized in that a supplementary food according to claim 1 is added. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the supplementary food is added during inoculation. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the supplementary food is added during the covering of the compost. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the protein-containing raw material is added in the supplementary food in a dose of 0.5 to 3 kg / m. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the carbohydrate-containing raw material is added in the supplementary food in a dosage of 0.01 to 3 kg / m. 12. Mushroom growing compost containing a supplement as claimed in claims 1 - 3.