NL8202411A - COVER AND COATING PANEL, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE THEREOF. - Google Patents

Description

f ^ VO 3 ^ 59

Reg .: Cover and cladding panel, and preparation and preparation for its manufacture. . _____

The invention relates to a covering and cladding panel, in particular for construction work, to the relevant method and to the equipment for carrying out the method of manufacturing this panel.

Particularly with regard to the cladding and / or cover panels used in the bouv operation, whether flat or corrugated, they are usually made from a mixture of cement and asbestos. However, such panels have certain drawbacks and do not easily meet the requirements of the end use, especially for vessel in their resistance to atmospheric reagents, because their surfaces are easily subject to peeling and springing, and also because the panels do not have necessary impermeability.

In addition, the manufacture of such panels also has disadvantages due to the use of asbestos, which is harmful to health.

Again with respect to the cement / asbestos panels, they provide only limited mechanical strength in the sense that they cannot support a human's face unless their thickness is increased or unless they are supported by a suitable frame, the cost of which is N * increases significantly.

Attempts have been made to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by using thermoplastic resins and resins with fiber glass as the main component.

How many such. panels are satisfactory in some respects, their practical application is limited due to their high cost, especially when taking into account the main application of such roofing panels in the construction business and also from an economic point of view in competition with the usual pans.

In addition to providing limited resistance to mechanical stresses, in addition, the thermoplastic resin panels, if they have the usual thickness, provide limited heat insulation and are subject to the phenomenon of overheated areas, many factors all the applicability of the-.....

To further limit similar panels, other panels, on the other hand, must necessarily have a limited thickness in order to be competitive, 8202411 4 * -2 - - "sheet thickness sams is on the boundary of permissible stress and load conditions.

The object of the invention is to provide cover panels for the bouv operation and similar purposes, which can withstand normal stresses and at the same time be economized condensing with respect to the usual element / asbestos panels, especially with regard to panels of a thermoplastic bars. · .-: A further object is to provide deck panels which can withstand spring conditions. resist, in particular, overheating sudden changes of temperature and solar radiation. because they are - designed to reflect solar radiation and thus ultraviolet. shine-

A further object is to provide panels which are associated with han. final consumption provide an optimal thermoacoustic insulation coefficient 15 'and are practically non-flammable and self-extinguishing, thereby avoiding the disadvantages due to aging of the materials, because the panels retain their physical properties unchanged, in particular their impermeability and unit area. 1

Yet a further object is to provide simple and satisfying panels, having a cellular structure, with a low weight and capable of withstanding mechanical stresses, while being thermo-acoustically insulated.

With reference to the objectives, the cost-effective and practical recovery and utilization of waste materials from certain industrial affiliations must be considered, since such waste materials are difficult to explore, in particular with regard to the objectives of environmental protection and regulation of the environment. pollution.

The present. cover and cladding panel formed by a load-bearing reinforcement in fiber material plus binder is characterized by. A plurality of superimposed layers, of at least a portion of whose fibers are formed and intertwined by felting or a similar treatment or by a mixture consisting of a polymer binder and a mineral filling, distributed and secured to the fiber layers , the whole being compressed and shaped in a suitable manner.

It is clear that the binder of the thermal or thermoplastic material may be a catalyst polymerizing type depending on the requirements of the 8202411 * * -3 -. end use of the panels.

Accordingly, the superimposed fiber layers of the cover panel are at least partly composed of vegetable fibers, which can withstand temperatures. which are higher than the melting temperature of the thermo-binders, when the fibers of the fiber layers are secured together and bonded by felting or some other suitable means, for example, by the known Fleece system.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the panel, the number of superimposed fiber layers is arranged between end layers, consisting of a carrier with a compact structure. at least partially formed by cellulose and / or artificial material, skin layers are attached to the fiber layers *

In accordance with the invention, the end layers consist of nit paper and / or a nonwoven material impregnated with a thermoplastic bars which can bond with the fiber layer binder to form compact panels with at least an impermeable surface.

In order to obtain panels with a homogeneous structure, which can withstand mechanical stresses, and cellular panels, the fiber layers consist of vegetable or mineral fibers and tbermoplastic fibers, which are suitably ribbed and bonded together by thermoplastic binder for thus obtaining structures with the best physical properties. It is understood that the thermoplastic fibers may be mixed or layered with the vegetable fibers, and the melting temperature of at least a portion thereof may be higher than the melting temperature of the binder to ensure the presence of the fibers in the fiber structure. Furthermore, the vegetable fibers are chosen to withstand certain temperatures, ranging between 80 ° and 250 ° C, i.e. to withstand the melting temperature of the binder. As vegetable fibers, in the example of 30, examples may be mentioned: agave, sisal, pal, bennep, rame, jute, linen, manila hemp, coconut, etc., alone or as mixtures and / or, as already mentioned, with tbermoplastic synthetic fibers.

As a fiber layer binder, a mixture of powdered thermoplastic polymer resins, such as polyethylene, HD, polypropylene, polystyrene, FVC and also bars, which are polymerized by a suitable catalyst, is used. As mineral fillings, the compounds of cals cum, silicon and sulfur or the like can be used, * * * *. .v -. .

- * · * "1 8202411 - U- for example sand, marble powder, crystals, glass, kaolin, bentonite, mica, - - - - and the like with a suitable grain structure, which must be mixed with the binder, Also in mutual combination: for the fibers of the fiber layers, as well as the mineral fillings used in each case, account is taken of the required physical properties of the panels and the end use thereof. ,.

- "such as a limited thermal expansion coefficient, a high degree of -.

reflection of the sun's rays and optimal insulation and vlsm.be resistance.

The method of manufacturing the panel, in which the fibers and filler material are bonded together by a binder, is. is characterized. by preparing a number of layers, each consisting of two or more elemental layers of felted and interwoven fibers ,. by introducing a mixture into the fiber mass of the fiber layers and distributing a ... Ιϋ mixture ,. existing nit a mineral al filling. and. a polymeric binder, which mixture is regularly distributed throughout the assembled fiber mass, by subjecting the whole to a suitable treatment before polymerizing the binder, including. of the mineral seedling and the binding of the fibers of the different op. Fiber layers placed one on top of the other, and by applying a controlled pressure on the whole in accordance with the temperature of the fiber layers in order to obtain a panel with the desired properties.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, a support structure of cellulose material, for example paper, is prepared. 25 and at least a layer of powdered thermoplastic resin is distributed over this support, the layer is heated so that the resin melts and penetrates and is incorporated into the support, then the number of fiber layers is pre-felted and interwoven or existing from "fleece" material, applied to the thus obtained supporting structure to form a mat, the binder / filler mixture is divided into the superposed fiber layers, which are subjected to vibration to promote the distribution of the mixture in the fiber mass, a coating, substantially equal to that of the support structure, is applied to the final fiber layer, the whole is then subjected to the action of heat and / or a catalyst for polymerizing the binder, and final pressure is exerted on the structure to give it the desired compactness and shape.

8202411 -5 -

The invention is further elucidated on the basis of the tevening. in which: Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the primary layer, which shows the supporting structure for the panel, which cross section also applies to the end or top layer of the panel; Figure 2 shows the panel during the formation with some intermediate fiber layers; Figure 3 shows the panel prior to compression or calendering of the fiber layers; 10 k shows a cross-section of another embodiment; 5a-c and 6a, -b jointly show a side view of two installations, which supplement the installation for the manufacture of the panels, and which use the thermoplastic hind agent and the fiber layers, respectively, to obtain the panels, hieriden, 15 and fig. fa-c similarly show the installation for the manufacture of the cover panels.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 3, the letter-A in its general unit denotes the deck panel. consisting of a primary or bottom layer, 2D a number of intermediate superimposed fiber layers A ^, not only joined together mehanically (felting, layer formation and similar ways) but also by suitable hindgents and filler materials B (fig. 2 and 3). It is clear that with reference to the requirements of the end bush and in particular to the required final thickness of the panel A, it is possible to insert a layer A with a reduced thickness, which layer has properties having the same or similar to that of the support layer A ^. between a portion of the intermediate fiber layers A ^. This is done when it is desirable to manufacture panels A which are compact and can withstand significant mechanical stresses or have a cellular structure, as described below. If required, the panel A can be supplemented with a top coat or finish coat A ^ with properties substantially similar to those of the finish coat A ^. These two layers form the end surfaces of the panel a, which are compact and resistant, and in particular non-penetrating, resistant to adverse atmospheric reagents and capable of reflecting heat radiation, especially ultraviolet rays.

It is clear that the described panel can be obtained, flip η - 8202411 «** - 6 - that it exists only with the number of fiber layers A ^.». ..... -. r; ..

According to the invention and with reference to FIG. U, it is. possibly to manufacture cellular panels Ar. for better ... ...

- obtaining resistant and thermo-acoustically insulated walls. The struc— 5 · tune of. The panel Af according to fig »is in. essentially the same :. as shown in panel A shown in Fig. 3.

- -I - ~ More in it. special is panel A? provided with a carrying ·. : - „the layer A ^ ,. and two sets of fiber layers A and A, each formed by elemental layers of felted and interwoven fibers. The first set of fiber layers A is oriented horizontally with the fibers and / or threads. add the fibers of the layers of the second set A ^ a. have vertical tendency. _____ ..... Vender, the elements of each set are imbibed and shared; .

connected to thus form the cellular structure with length chambers or channels Ag ,. as Bierna is described.

With regard to the materials and parts which can be used and which are required in the manufacture of panel A, the following are developed: For the load-bearing end layers A and A and for the intermediate layers. if present, sheets or strips of.

20 uses a reinforcement with cellulose, preferably paper, as the main constituent. as well as sheets consisting of woven fibers and threads, at j. .

preference of the "nonwoven" type. These reinforcement sheets or strips are impregnated with thermoplastic bars, such as polyethylene resins, (HD or LD), polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC bars, alone or in combination. In addition to the beer for cracking, in particular other suitable materials intended to improve the physical properties of the panels A can be included in the reinforcement of the end.

. . layers A ^ and A ^, such as impermeable materials, fire-resistant materials, as well as materials for improving flexibility and for reflecting thermal radiation. For the intermediate fiber layers, sheets or strips consisting of fiber materials are used, the elemental fibers or threads of which are bonded and interwoven by yelting to provide elemental layers with the desired density and compactness.

Their powder mixture B is diffused and distributed in the fiber structure, which powder mixture B is formed by a binder and honor.

·· *** mineral filler. The wires of at least part of the intermediate- .. ..:. "-. · ..-. ·· - · 4-ψ ^.

8202411 «* '* * - τ - the layers A ,,, are bound and interleaved by the" fleece "system. As fiber material for the intermediate layer, predominantly sheet fibers have been used, because. these temperatures can withstand between 80 ° and 2.50 ° C-5. Discarded fibers advantageously from conventional operations are advantageously used, i.e. short fibers or fibers which cannot be used with the conventional techniques.

It is clear that mineral and / or synthetic fibers may also be added to the sheet fibers, the fibers being suitably mixed depending on the requirements of the end use of the panel obtained and, for example, to obtain fiber layers of a certain consistency, such as layers A, 1 of the panel and Ar shown in FIG.

»

Again associated with the. manufacturing properties of panels A, may; the fiber layers consist of two or more layers of intermediate fibers of limited thickness, for example 2-6 mm, superposed and joined together, for example by sewing or piercing (a treatment in which the elementary layers felt fibers joined together by other fibers ,.

.-. 20 which have been placed in a predominantly lead ricbting therein). This is done in order to obtain layered sheets or strips or to form mats of the given thickness in which the differently ribbed fibers or threads of the different elementary layers lie in substantially parallel planes to thereby provide a co-fabrication. set structure with the best consistency. In particular, the mats formed by two or more elemental layers of A 2 are suitable for compact or thick work, thus allowing passage of these layers of a granular mixture (5} which is thus regularly distributed in the fiber structure. Finally, as already stated, the properties of the final or covering layer A ^ correspond to those of the primary layer A ^.

The layers forming panel A are secured together in the manner already contemplated, i.e. by felting and also by the action of the binder distributed in the fiber mass of the panel. The action of the binder is also integrated by the pressure applied to make the structure of the panel compact and uniform.

8202411 «» - 8 -

With reference in particular to FIGS. 5-7, the phases of the circuit for manufacturing the panels are now explained by the example shown, many phases are made from the preparation of the final layers and , the intermediate layers Ag and, in particular, the mats A ^, as well as the binders *. -. = - - First, the calculation of the binders is discussed, consisting of resins which are used for heat and / or catalysts. Polymer is polymerized. Advantageously, thermoplastic HD and LD resins are advantageously hereinafter described, such as polyethylene resins of the HP and EP type, polypropylene. carrot, polystyrene, PVC resins and the like.

The · shown in fig. 5a-c. installation is used for preparation. of the binder / filler mixture using residues. and waste of. polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or PVC materials and others, from a random source, even those that have been recovered from urban waste, thereby providing important environmental and economic benefits.

These residues or waste are generally collected and delivered. from the place of origin in the form of bales, which are loosened near a carding unit 10 ', which. the polyethylene or the like. Loosens and breaks 20 materials and knocks them down to beat up dust and vail.

The material exiting the carding unit 10 is fed into vas containers 12 'and 1¼ and selection containers 16 to remove foreign matter, then transported to a separator 18 and to a centrifuge 20 to remove the vasvater and dry the material . Ha. Coming out of the centrifuge, the polyethylene material is conveyed to an assembly consisting of a crusher 22 and an adherer 2b for pulverizing and thickening the material. The material thus obtained is supplied by suitable transporters to a number of disintegrators / pulverizers 25 which it. polyethylene material comminutes to the required grain structure to meet the foregoing conditions. Each disintegrator / pulverizer 25 is connected by a bottom drain 26 to a pneumatic conveyor 28, which feeds to a plurality of metering funnels included in the panel manufacturing plant shown in Fig. 7.

The pneumatic conveyor 28 also feeds a hopper 3o of a dosing / mixing unit, which includes many funnels 30 - 32, of which the last - ···· -. ··· 8202411 * * - 9th is connected by a pneumatic conveyor 3k to an inert stock bonder consisting of sand and the like.

The. dosing receivers 3.0 - 32 feed the two components of the mixture (resin / filler material B) in one. trilmaehine 3k for pre-mixing.

5 of the components, and then sequentially discard them in a group of mixing drums 35 *

The pipes coming from the vibrator 3k and also from a binder 36, which contains the material required for each case (for example, a plasticizing material or catalyst for the resin) are connected to the element and to the group of drums.

; In addition, the drums 35 are connected together by associated conduits. wherein the discharges are led by a conveyor 38 to a channel kO which feeds the dosing receivers of the installation shown in Fig. T.

The additional installation shown in Fig. 6a, b is now being developed. This installation prepares the internal fiber layers Ag. from. panel A by using fibers of predominantly vegetable origin, which are commonly obtained from wastes or residues from treatments for obtaining valuable products of such fibers. like yarns and the like ^

The fibers are first cleaned of dust, carded and selected. Subsequently, the waste fibers are felted and woven by a woven, and transported in a layer-forming unit k2 and a felting unit Uk and from the latter, the felted material is banded in a pleat unit k5 and compaction unit k6.

The fiber material in the form of superimposed layers is then forced to pass through a bonding device k6, where the different fiber layers are joined to the fabric by conventional sewing or piercing (ie, a treatment by which the fibers are forced to penetrate lead into fiber layers to thereby unify the layers).

Thus, a plurality of fiber layers are produced, which form a mat, which is forced to travel in the form of a web by a calibrator 50-52, which limits the web to the desired width, which web is then wound on a reel or cut through panels 5k into panels. In the illustrated case, the web coming out of the unit 50 - 52 is wound on rolls, transported 820 2411 "......

* t - 10 - \ .....- tar. to the installable according to fig. 7 for manufacturing the ..:; -_____ ..;: panel.

- During the production of panel A the material consists. Which. -:; - the. load-bearing layer · A ^. forms, from a paper or "fabric web," he..preferred from --- :: 5 · the. Fleece, R-type. These on rolls, 60 wounded cock is wound, ... dried and conditioned by the device 62, then impregnated.

r- :; ... with a polymer resin, for example polyethylene or another similar resin.

The cock A coming into unit 62 is forced to pass through a ... - ..... 10 metering unit 6k, the funnel of which has a continuous and equal flow of resin. taken from the collection channel U0 and fed through the mixing frames 35, whereby a polyethylene layer is applied to the cock A ^.

The resulting hand is then passed through a first heating furnace 65, which melts the resin layer, thereby incorporating it into the. struotnur of .de carrying cock A ^ ..

In case the Vlies carrying cock is, r kind, is part of. the wires with heat melting hair to be incorporated into the load-bearing structure of. Rooster. A ^ ...

A fiber layer or fiber layers Ag are placed in port on the thus obtained supporting layer A 1, and the whole is transported to a coupling unit 66, in which the layers Ag are continuously unwound from rollers 68 so as to provide the elements shown in FIG. 2 structure A ^ g shown. The composite cock A ^ g is provided with a resin / filler mixture B, fed to enfreed in the fiber structure by a first distribution device 70, and is then passed through a vibrating unit 72, from which another powder form from a second distribution device 7 mixture is fed into the entire fiber structure of the layers of Ag to thereby complete the distribution of the hind agent / solvent mixture B.

The composite hand A-g provided with the mixture B is advanced at an appropriate speed in the oven 76, in which the heat sources are applied in a suitable location and one after the other, thereby ensuring regular and continuous melting of the pcly mooring agent in the fiber maSsa of the rooster. In the hand, the hand A. 0 is handled during the passage such that the polymer hinder agent and the mineral filling are distributed evenly and evenly and incorporated into the entire fiber structure of both the web Ag as the supporting layer. At the exit from the furnace j6, the composite web Ag on the end face of the fiber web Ag is provided with a film of a poly-5: multi-binder, fed through a distributor-dosing device J8y coming from the conveyor 28, which polymer binder is melted through an oven 80. (preferably of the infrared radiation type) so that the binder is reliably prayed and incorporated into the material which forms the support of the coating A A. The layer of binder supplied from the distributor 78 may consist of a suitable mixture formed by the polymer binder as well as water-tightness, flame-proofing, etc.

The coating A ^ is unwound from rolls 82 and placed on top of the molten polymer layer of the surface of the fiber layer Ag and 1J. connected thereto,. after which the composite web A ^ thus obtained is passed through a calender 8b, which gives the web the desired thickness and compactness.

Furthermore, with reference to fig *. 7a-c the installation shown therein are changed. in that the coating A ^ is applied to the fiber layer Ag prior to entering the oven 76. More specifically, the elements 60, 62 and 6b previously considered are spaced between the distributor 7 ^ and the inlet of the oven 76. -The composite path A ^) | is calibrated at the discharge from the calander 8b by rotary knives 85, which are arranged along the path of a transport platform 86, to which is attached a transverse blade 88, which is automatic when the part of the track A on the transport eur 90 has the desired length range fc. The panels thus obtained have a suitable residual temperature and are placed in succession between the plates of a press 92, which is located at the outlet of the transport eur 90 cm, and compressed and properly formed in case it is desired. is to manufacture corrugated or similar panels.

In order to obtain a panel A with a compact and durable structure, the compression of the layers, in particular the fiber layers A-, is carried out in at least two steps and at different temperatures, which of course are not lower than the. stoHiogstemperaturer · of the binder. At the exit from the furnace 76, the path A, in general, has a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of the binder. and the track is subject to limited pressure, because. the path through the rollers of the calendar 8¾ measures gaaa. When ..

- the web or the panel is introduced into the press 92, which is lowered - against the temperature - at an appropriate level with respect to the previous 5 temperatures »but is always higher than the solidification temperature. lifting binder (dv * z. that the mixture B-still. plastic ...

- -: -: ·. the pressure exerted by the press 92 on the panel is significantly higher than that of the calendar 8U. In this mode, it is prevented that the binder from the fiber layers Ag of panel A is "thrown out".

10 ". the high pressure of the press 92 is driven. ..... "

For the manufacture of the cellular panel already shown in FIG. 1 and Ar, the same procedure is followed with in that the in. Fig. 7 spring-mounted installation is provided with an additional: -. installation ». which is located in front of the oven 76. This additional installation is provided with a molding. or cutting system for dividing the lower fiber layer A 1 'and the upper fiber layer Ag "into parallel paths. These paths are spaced apart and part of the lower ends of the vertical fiber layers A 2 inserted between the lower webs Ag, with the other vertical fiber layers A, "being placed over the middle transverse sections of the upper fiber layers Ag" so as to form an alternating embodiment formed by the protruding and recessed ends of the vertical layers A, and A-. Finally, on the protruding upper parts of the vertical fiber layers A, the webs of the upper fiber layers Ag-W are placed, of which the longitudinal edges have the tops of the hold upper vertical fiber layers A ^ ". The cellular structure thus obtained is then completed by the coating A, and subjected to pressure and calibration before giving the panel A the given thickness and shape.

It is thus possible to obtain plates or cellular panels. 30 with satisfactory properties of spring resistance to mechanical stresses, and also providing excellent heat insulation. In particular, the panels obtained can effectively withstand spring conditions and also significant temperature fluctuations without being susceptible to cracking or peeling of the exposed surfaces.

As already mentioned, the plates or panels obtained can resist and reflect solar radiation, and therefore also ultraviolet rays.

82 0 2 4 1 1 ..................

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For comparison, the physical and technical properties of the present panel and others are given below. other panels ,. commonly used in the bouv business'.

The in the next take! Specified comparative data relate to the properties of known panels and others on the underlying. : 5 panel with the following structural features: 1): Vegetable fibers for layer A2 2 (coconut, sisal, etc-}.: 0.75 - 2.5 kg / cm2, 2} polymer binder (polyethylene): 0 , 70 - 2.5 kg / m 2 3) mineral filler (sand): 1.00 - 3.00 kg / m 1Ό. ,, * 2.

It} plastic dradea (aeryl): 0.02 - 0.20 kg / m 5) thickness of the finished panel r k - 6 mm.

9- 3 6) average panel density. :. 0.75 - 1.25 / g / cm 2 ^ ^ T) averaged: 1: .25 - 5.75 kg / m Ια the columns of the table were used for comparison. the data considered, which is important. are for the following physical properties: 3 A. ·. * Dicbtbid. of the material g / cm B * thickness of the panel mm 2 2Q C - modulus of elasticity of the panel kg / cm 2 D = spring position against bending kg / cm E = bending section kg / cm ^ F =: cross load kg / cm G = thermal conductivity Ecal / w / cm 25 & - water absorption # av 2k lu I = spring resistance against adverse spring conditions years L = spring resistance against n-violet radiation years 30 35 8202411

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The objects of the invention. especially without the economic and practical aspects of the panels obtained by the. The present process has thus been demonstrated that it is possible to recycle municipal waste and residues which would otherwise be the cause of degradation and contamination of. to reclaim the environment in a rational manner and to use it. In practice, the details of the operation of the sale and the manufacture of the panels can be varied depending on the requirements of the end use, "by measurement" are met. v TO "without leaving the scope and scope of the invention- 8202411" "

Claims (18)

Panel, according to claims 1 - characterized in that the number of superposed fiber layers (Ag) is arranged between end layers (A ^^) »consisting of a support reinforcement, at least partly formed of cellulose material and / or plastic material, end layers are secured to the fiber layers. Panel according to claim 5, characterized in that the load-bearing reinforcement of the end layers (A ^ - A ^) consists of at least a sheet of paper and / or fabric material, preferably of Mvlies "type, pre-treated and impregnated with polymer material. Panel according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the reinforcement of the end layers (A ^,. A ^) in combination with the cellulose fibers is also provided with polymerizable fibers or threads, preferably of the heat-melting type, which may be included in the reinforcement and connected to the fiber layers (Ag). Panel according to claims 1 to 7, characterized. that the end layers (A ^ - A ^} contain impermeable and / or fire-resistant and / or solar radiation - 8202411-1T - reflective substances. Panel according to claims 1-3 characterized by a number of fiber layers (Ag, .A ^), wherein the fibers of a part thereof (Ag) in main sowing run parallel to the end faces of the panel (A), and the fibers of the everige layers. (A,-),. which are placed next to each other at a distance. run mainly on the first lead ,. for so forming thermoacoustically insulating. cellular structures or panels. . • 10 ». Panel according to claim 9, characterized by at least two fibers (10 layers (Ag1- * Ag ”) with horizontal fibers and spaced apart by a number of parallel layers (A ^ 'y A ^, r) · with vertical fibers, on spacing "provided for forming cavities or channels (Ag) with these two layers. IT panel according to claims 9 and TO, characterized in that at least. 15" of the ends of the vertical fiber layers (A ^ r, A ^. ”) is held between at least a portion of the horizontal fiber layers (Ag», Ag »). Method for manufacturing the cover or fence panel according to one or more of claims 1 - TT, characterized in that a number of fiber layers (Ag) - are pre-felt, pre-felted and woven together. by introducing and distributing in the fiber mass of the layers a powder mixture (b) formed by a polymer binder and a filler consisting of a mineral seed, by subjecting the whole to proper treatment for polymerizing the polymer binder for thus bonding and bonding the fibers of the fiber layers together, and exerting an appropriate pressure on the assembly under a controlled temperature before contacting it with the requirement. - 13. Method according to condusion 12 characterized by preparing a load-bearing end structure (A ^) by incorporating a polymer binder in the reinforcement of this support, by superimposing the number of fiber layers (Ag), and by completing these layers with an end support (A ^), in which heat is applied to and pressure is applied to the whole. The method according to claims 12 and 13, characterized by pre-applying the fiber material in the form of elementary layers and felting and fusing the fibers of the layers, by applying 8202 4 11 "" ~ ... .. - ta -. .. _ placing and joining two or more elementary fiber layers: -: -. ....... ----- continue to sew and / or pierce, using as a connecting material these -. elementary layers, fibers or threads are used, which are the same - or similar. ala die · ran to obtain the layers for this. a. 5 Composite layer with the desired properties. -R-r-.i - -t5v- Method according to claims 12 and 1.U- characterized by the following - -: - ... suitable for: mainly plant nice and / or mineral fibers ,. which are interlaced and felted for deworming fiber layers (Ag) * - - - - - ... -T-1: 16 .. - Method according to claims 12-15, characterized by having the; - ~ - TO * vegetable and / or mineral fibers, mixing synthetic fibers, part of which melts at a temperature. which is less than or equal to that ·, .-. the melting temperature of the polymer binder ,. the heat melts -. . bare fibers together. with bonding agent during the heat treatment of the layers forming the panel, the bonding and bonding of the fiber layers. 15 complete * Method according to claim H, characterized by . reinforcement material from. altbans one of the end carriers (Ay ,, Ay) incorporate varr impermeable and / or radiation-resistant elements, and by the subsequent calendar and van. the end carrier for bet. giving them the desired thickness and consistency. I8i. Feather method. according to claim 13 characterized by the use in powder form of a heat-meltable polymer binder, e.g. polyet bone, polypropylene ,. polystyrene, F7C alone or in a mixture. 19. Process according to claim 18 characterized by using as a heat-meltable polymer binder city waste or scraps and the like which have been pre-washed, selected, dried and ground or powdered to the desired degree of fineness. 20 *. ... Process according to claim 12, characterized by using as a binder a polymer resin and a catalyst, which are applied and distributed in the fiber mass of the number of fiber layers (Ag), by means of -. applying pressure to these layers and allowing the catalyst to scout to bind the fibers of the fiber layers together. 21. Method according to claims 12-20, characterized by mixing a mineral filler with the polymerisable binder, for instance consisting of chalk and / or sand and / or powdered marble and the like, premixed with the binder, and by means of vibrations and distribution of the mixture (B) in the fiber. 8 2 0 2 4 1 1 "..... .................... - 19: - * f * V V 0 T> _ 22. Process according to claims 12-21, characterized by bringing the panel which is formed to a temperature suitable for melting and the polymer binder and then applying it. control its pressures, where the temperature of the panel is essentially. : · 5 is kept equal .. Process according to claim 12. -2i characterized by the application of. the panel "formed" at a temperature ,. which is the polymeric hindrance. can. melt and »and then exercise control hair. pressing »decreasing the temperature of the panel to a: 4. T. " 10 'limit value, which essentially corresponds to the formability and the. adhesive ability of the hind agent associated temperature. Method according to one or more of claims 12 '- 23 for the in. it. he without manufacturing. cellular panels according to the claims? 9 - 11 '' - characterized by applying at least 15 a first layer of felted fiber material (A ^) to the end support (Ap.), By subsequently placing a number of felted fiber layers (A The layers are juxtaposed and the fibers of which lie in a plane substantially perpendicular to that of the fibers of the first layer of yez by placing on top of these adjacent fiber layers 20 of at least another felted fiber layer (Ag ")", the fibers of which lie in the same plane and run parallel to that of the first layer, by dividing a number of layers of binder / filler mixture (B) into the number of layers. completing the structure with a load-bearing finish (A) and by subjecting the whole to the action of heat and pressure to thereby form the cellular structure. Method according to claim 2k, characterized by the. placing one of the two ends of the plurality of adjacent fiber layers (A ^ ', A ^ ") in the fibers of the one or more felted fiber layers (Agf, A ^ n) to stiffen and consolidate the cellular structure . Installable for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 12 to 25 for manufacturing the cover or cladding panel according to one or more of claims 1-11, characterized by roller support means (βθ) for the end carrier ( A ^) and for the rollers (68) of the superimposed fiber layers (Ag), by metering / distributing means (TO) for introducing the binder / filler mixture (B) into the fiber layers, which means are connected with horizontal conveyors for the regular advancement of the superimposed end carriers. · · - · ··· · __ · ’* · 82 0 2 4 1 1“ ............. - 20 - layers and fiber layers ,. velke. conveyors do not extend along at least one heating element (j6, 8θ) for heating and gradually melting. of the hind agent, by pressing means (81 (-, 92) for giving the required layers the required thickness and compactness and thus obtaining panel and with the desired properties. conelusion 26, characterized in that the roller fasteners (6θ) of the end carrier reinforcement • (A ^ ,. A ^} are associated with dosing distributors (6k) for applying to the conveyor: Reinforcing a polymeric binder, and means (65) for polymerizing the binder, thus retaining the support and thereby preventing fiber layers placed between the end carriers. 28- Installation according to conelusions 26 and 27 characterized by a tunel furnace (767, which has a distributor (78) after the outlet for a powdery and heat-melting agent, associated with a heat source% 15 (80 ) for melting the hind agent, roller support means (82) for an end support (A ^) to be adhered to the underlying fiber layers (A ^), and calender means (8k) and and flattening the resulting composite cocks and for transporting them to a press, possibly (92), which further compresses and presses the superposed fiber layers (A), and locks the fiber layers to the end carriers ( A ^, V-,> £ 8 2 0 2 4 1 1