NL7900988A

NL7900988A - Inertial reactor for pile driving unit - has weighted plunger brought suddenly into contact with fluid to cause its displacement

Info

Publication number: NL7900988A
Application number: NL7900988A
Authority: NL
Original assignee: Proweco Bv
Priority date: 1979-02-08
Filing date: 1979-02-08
Publication date: 1980-08-12

Abstract

Pile driver utilising inertia movement reactor incorporates a weight and plunger, or a weight in the form of a plunger. The plunger is immersed in or brought suddenly into contact with a hydraulic fluid, causing displacement of the latter. The fluid can be contained in a vessel or cylinder (ml) accommodating the plunger (m2), so as to form a buffer chamber before or in the latter, and a flushing chamber in or behind it. Construction can be such that resistance and/or viscous friction is minimal, with consequent low losses during plunger movement.

Description

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MASSABEWEGINGSREACTOR.MASS MOVEMENT REACTOR.

De uitvinding betreft een werkwijze en inrichting waarbij kinetische energie wordt opgebouwd door een massa in beweging te brengen waarna de massa weer wordt afgeremd op een zodanige wijze dat de vrijkomende energie ten gevolge van 5 de verandering van de snelheid wordt overgedragen op een hydraulisch systeem. De aldus opgebouwde hydraulische energie kan hetzij direkt worden aangewend in de vorm fan een reactiekracht op één van de wanden van een vat of cylinder dan wel in de vorm van de aandrijving van een andere hydrau-10 lische komponent. In principe wordt door deze inrichting en werkwijze de door een hydraulisch aggregaat continu geleverde hydraulische oliestroom of van bepaalde druk omgezet in een oliestroom van tijdelijk hoger energieniveau dan wel in een tijdelijk grotere kracht of een naar wens 15 variërende kracht. Ten behoeve van het uitoefenen van deze kracht is geen externe reactie benodigd, omdat gebruik gemaakt wordt van de traagheidskracht van de bovengenoemde massa. Bovendien maakt de uitvinding het mogelijk een "botsing" te simuleren, echter op een zodanige wijze dat 20 de bij deze schijnbare botsing plotseling vrijkomende energie wordt verdeeld over een langer te kiezen tijdsinterval en zodanig dat ongewilde spanningspieken worden voorkomen.The invention relates to a method and device in which kinetic energy is built up by moving a mass, after which the mass is slowed down again in such a way that the energy released as a result of the change in speed is transferred to a hydraulic system. The hydraulic energy thus built up can be used either directly in the form of a reaction force on one of the walls of a vessel or cylinder or in the form of the drive of another hydraulic component. In principle, this device and method convert the hydraulic oil flow or a certain pressure continuously supplied by a hydraulic aggregate into an oil flow of temporarily higher energy level or into a temporarily greater force or a force varying as desired. No external reaction is required for the application of this force, because use is made of the inertial force of the above-mentioned mass. In addition, the invention makes it possible to simulate a "collision", however, in such a way that the energy suddenly released in this apparent collision is distributed over a longer selectable time interval and in such a way that unwanted voltage peaks are prevented.

Een dergelijk effekt wordt bereikt en/of verbeterd door Q' ...........'.....Such an effect is achieved and / or improved by Q '...........'.....

\Vj- ’-·> —. , e 2 V 1 Λ een onderdeel van de uitvinding waarbij de massa wordt verdeeld in meerdere kleinere massa's en de afremming cq / "botsing" cascade-vormig wordt uitgevoerd door gebruik · te maken van mechanische en/of hydraulische veren.\ Vj- "- ·> -. , e 2 V 1 Λ part of the invention in which the mass is divided into several smaller masses and the braking or "collision" is carried out in cascade form using mechanical and / or hydraulic springs.

5 In de huidige stand van de techniek worden reactiekrachten _ ten gevolge van een ingreep in een bewegingssysteem van één of meer massa's aangewend voor heimachines, trilblok-ken en machines voor h.et .persen van buizen (luchtraket) alsmede bij alle toepassingen van de exenter waarbij een 10 massa in een roterende beweging wordt geforceerd en de middelpunt vliedende kracht wordt benut, meestal door een combinatie van twee of meer excenters. Bij de traditionele heimachines staat centraal het probleem dat de krachts - overdracht bij de botsing van het heiblok op de paal een 1-5 moeilijk controleerbaar proces is. Voorzieningen waarbij de botsingstijd wordt verlengd door toepassing van veerkrachtige materialen zijn minder bevredigend. De techniek van de hydraulische heimachine is in opkomst waarbij het systeem van het bewegen van de heimassa alsmede de rege- 20 ling nog niet bevredigend werkt en waarbij gezocht wordt naar een systeem om de tijdsduur van de botsing te verlengen en oncontroleerbare spanningen te beperken. Zie . o.a. de door de HBMihgediende octrooiaanvragen waaronder nr 6600863.In the current state of the art, reaction forces resulting from an intervention in a motion system of one or more masses are used for pile drivers, vibratory hammers and machines for pressing pipes (air missile) as well as in all applications of the more eccentric, in which a 10 mass is forced in a rotary motion and the centrifugal force is utilized, usually by a combination of two or more eccentrics. The central problem with traditional pile drivers is that the transfer of force during the impact of the pile driver on the pile is a 1-5 process that is difficult to control. Features where the impact time is extended by using resilient materials are less satisfactory. The technique of the hydraulic pile driver is emerging in which the system of moving the pile mass as well as the regulation is not yet working satisfactorily and in which a system is being sought to extend the duration of the collision and to limit uncontrollable stresses. See. inter alia, the patent applications filed by the HBMih, including number 6600863.

25 De huidige trilblokken en andere excenter-constructies berusten op de toepassing van één of meer excenters aangedreven door elektrische verbrandings- of hydromotoren.Current vibratory hammers and other eccentric structures rely on the use of one or more eccentrics driven by electric combustion or hydromotors.

Alhoewel deze toepassingen dus grotendeels buiten het kader van de uitvinding vallen zij vermeld dat deze excenter 30 systemen de bezwaren hebben van geringe regelbaarheid zowel van frequentie als energietoevoer en trillingsvorm terwijl de omvang van deze grootheden dikwijls onverbrekelijk met elkaar gekoppeld zijn. De zoaenaamde luchtraketAlthough these applications are thus largely outside the scope of the invention, it should be noted that these eccentric systems have the drawbacks of low controllability of both frequency and energy supply and vibration shape, while the magnitude of these quantities are often inextricably linked. The so-called air missile

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fc-» * i 3 voor het persen van buizen werkt niet hydraulisch en heeft de bezwaren van te grote piekspanningen, ook in de lasnaden van de te persen buis veroorzaakt door de botsing staal op staal binnen in de luchtraket, alsmede van de beperkte re-5 gelbaarheid. Bij de huidige stand van de wisselstroomhy-drauliek is het mogelijk via servokleppen 'of roterende stuurschuiven een vybrocylinder aan te drijven. Dit kan leiden tot kostbare constructies in de vorm van de servo-klep of de wisselstroomgenerator terwijl een extern steun-10 punt noodzakelijk is voor bevestiging van de andere zijde van de vybrocylinder.fc- »* i 3 for pressing pipes does not work hydraulically and has the drawbacks of excessive peak stresses, also in the welds of the pipe to be pressed caused by the collision of steel on steel inside the air missile, as well as of the limited re- 5 gelability. At the current position of the alternating current hydraulics it is possible to drive a vibrocylinder via servo valves or rotary control valves. This can lead to costly constructions in the form of the servo valve or the alternator while an external support point is required to attach the other side of the vybrocylinder.

De onderhavige uitvinding beoogt de bezwaren ondervonden bij bovengenoemde stand van de techniek te ondervangen en belangrijke verbeteringen in te voeren. In eerste instan-15 tie door een betere beheersing van de beweging van de massa in tweede instantie door het niet te laten komen tot een harde "botsing" van de massa, maar de massa langzaam dan wel extreem snel af te remmen en wel door gebruikmaking op een regelbare wijze van het hydraulische systeem. Boven-20 dien biedt de uitvinding tevens de mogelijkheid de massa veel grotere versnellingen te geven dan die van de zwaartekracht alsmede snelheden welke zo groot zijn dat deze bijna « niet te realiseren zijn door direkte besturing van het aggregaat of slechts door gebruikmaking van hydraulische ag-25 gregaten met een abnormaal grote capaciteit. Bovendien beoogt de uitvinding eenvoudiger en minder kwetsbare kleppen en/of regelmogelijkheden toe te passen en de inrichting meer universeel te maken.The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks encountered in the above prior art and to introduce important improvements. In the first instance by a better control of the movement of the mass in the second instance by not letting it come to a hard "collision" of the mass, but by slowing down the mass slowly or extremely quickly by using in an adjustable manner of the hydraulic system. Moreover, the invention also offers the possibility of giving the masses much greater accelerations than that of gravity as well as speeds that are so great that they are almost impossible to achieve by direct control of the unit or only by using hydraulic equipment. 25 grenades with an abnormally large capacity. Moreover, the invention aims to use simpler and less vulnerable valves and / or control options and to make the device more universal.

De onderhavige uitvinding beoogt tevens de in beschrijving 30 en conclusies vermelde toepassingsvoorbeelden met de aangegeven constructieprincipes welke een aantal' bezwaren bij de huidige stand van de techniek in dit toepassingsgebied op- heffen en/of minderen en tevens verbeteringen en andere voordelen te octrooieren. 1 —, i . - Λ li. *4 v 4'The present invention also contemplates the application examples mentioned in description 30 and claims with the indicated construction principles which eliminate and / or reduce a number of drawbacks of the prior art in this field of application and also patent improvements and other advantages. 1 -, i. - Λ li. * 4v 4 '

Een op zichzelf staand onderdeel van de uitvinding, hetwelk ook bij traditionele heiblokken kan worden toegepast en waarvoor tevens octrooi wordt aangevraagd bestaat in het verdelen van de vrijkomende energie van een botsende of af-' 5· geremde massa door deze massa uit kleinere massa's samen te stellen, bv. op de wijze zoals schematisch is aangegeven in fig. 1. Iedere massa binnen de andere is hierop afgesteund via een veerconstructie welke zowel mechanisch als hydraulisch als een combinatie van beide kan zijn, en voor zover 10 de uitvinding niet valt binnen het octrooi nr 7211335.A self-contained part of the invention, which can also be used in traditional pile drivers and for which a patent application is also pending consists in distributing the released energy of a colliding or decelerated mass by combining this mass from smaller masses. eg in the manner as schematically indicated in fig. 1. Each mass within the other is supported on this via a spring construction which can be both mechanical and hydraulic as a combination of both, and insofar as the invention does not fall within the scope of the invention. patent no. 7211335.

Wanneer de beweging van de totale massa plotseling wordt afgeremd dan wel plotseling een botsing ontstaat’ zullen de botsingen dan wel afremmingen van de massa's in achtereenvolgende tijdstippen plaatsvinden. Fig.l geeft het tijd-15 kracht-diagram zowel voor botsing van de totale massa als voor het geval de botsing cascade-vormig plaatsvindt. De totale tijds-duur van de botsing of afremming is afhankelijk van de verschillende veerkonstanten en verdeling van de massa's. In fig.2 is een voorbeeld van toepassingen 20 gegeven binnen de massa "an een valblok. In fig.3 binnen de massa van een massabewegingsreactor. Fig. 4 geeft een voorbeeld waarbij de kleinste massa eerst botst en een afhankelijk van de massa aanvaardbare piekstoot ontstaat, waarna de stoot van de grootste massa hydraulisch wordt 2 5 gesmoord met al of niet een"reststoof.' Zie het tevens in deze figuur aangegeven globale verloop van het tijd- kracht-diagram.When the movement of the total mass is suddenly slowed down or a sudden collision occurs, the collisions or braking of the masses will take place in successive times. Fig. 1 shows the time-15 force diagram both for collision of the total mass and in case the collision occurs cascaded. The total duration of the collision or deceleration depends on the different spring constants and distribution of the masses. Fig. 2 shows an example of applications 20 within the mass of a drop block. In Fig. 3 within the mass of a mass-moving reactor. Fig. 4 shows an example in which the smallest mass first collides and a peak impact acceptable depending on the mass occurs, after which the thrust of the largest mass is hydraulically throttled with or without a "residual stove." See also the global course of the time-force diagram shown in this figure.

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Bij de onderhavige uitvinding wordt een massa (51) in een lineaire versnelde beweging gebracht totdat voldoende kinetische energie 0,5 mv2 is opgebouwd. De massa kan aangedreven worden door cylinder (52)zie fig. 5. Tevens dient 5 de massa te zijn verbonden met een plunjer (53) in een cylinder of vat welke plunjer een hydraulisch medium, nader te noemen olie, verplaatst. Tijdens het versnellingspro-ces van de massa dient de plunjer (53) in het vat of de cylinder zo min mogelijk weerstand van de verdrongen olie 10 te ondervinden, hetzij doordat de olie betrekkelijk druk-loos door de plunjer kan heenspoelen (zie fig.6) hetzij doordat de olie betrekkelijk drukloos om de plunjer heen kan spoelen (zie fig.7) hetzij doordat de olie betrekkelijk drukloos kan worden rondgespoeld door omloopkanalen 15 rond de cylinder (zie fig.8). Dit betekent dat voor de verplaatsing van de plunjer (53) geen hydraulisch aggregaat benodigd is waarvan de capaciteit in directe relatie staat met de door de plunjer verplaatste oliehoeveelheid.In the present invention, a mass (51) is brought in a linear accelerated motion until sufficient kinetic energy 0.5 mv2 has been built up. The mass can be driven by cylinder (52), see fig. 5. The mass must also be connected to a plunger (53) in a cylinder or vessel, which plunger displaces a hydraulic medium, hereinafter referred to as oil. During the acceleration process of the mass, the plunger (53) in the vessel or cylinder must experience as little resistance as possible from the displaced oil 10, or because the oil can flush through the plunger with relatively no pressure (see fig. 6). ) either because the oil can rinse relatively pressure-free around the plunger (see fig. 7) or because the oil can be rinsed relatively pressure-free through circulation channels 15 around the cylinder (see fig. 8). This means that the displacement of the plunger (53) does not require a hydraulic power pack whose capacity is directly related to the amount of oil displaced by the plunger.

Wanneer de plunjer en daarmede de massa (51) een voldoende 20 grote snelheid en daarbij behorende kinetische energie heeft bereikt, wordt de verplaatsing van de plunjer en daarmede de massa plotseling afgeremd door middel van een inrichting welke het door de plunjer heen of, om de plunjer of de cylinder, heenspoelen van de olie geheel of ge-25 deeltelijk verhinderd. De traagheidskracht van de remmende massa zal nu omgezet worden in oplopende oliedruk in de olie welke voor de plunjer wordt uitgedreven en niet meer kan rondspoelen. Wanneer de ruimte nr (54) volledig wordt geblokkeerd wordt de remweg van de massa bepaald door de 30 samendrukkingskonstante van de olie en zal de oliedruk j*, meestal zeer hoog oplonen. De procedure van het plotse- ?' \ '-'stf· ling verhinderen van het rondspoelen van de olie kan worden uitgevoerd door de constructie van de cylinder en de ' ' :; 3 q % « v ï- -y % \ v 6 > * plunjer zelf (zie fig.9) dan wel door een ventielconstruc-tie welke automatisch (zie fig.10) dan wel door een regel-orgaan (zie fig.11) dan wel door een combinatie van beiden wordt geactiveerd (zie fig.12). Het proces dat plaatsvindt 5 na de start van het afremmen van de massa kan gesplitst worden in 2 typen dan wel een combinatie van beiden. Bij het eerste proces is het doel van het afremmen uitsluitend oliedruk op de wand (55) van het vat ofde cylinder op te wekken waardoor een reactiekracht op het vat of cylinder 10 ontstaat en wel op een zodanige wijze dat de grootte van de druk en de tijdsduur waarover deze optreedt wordt beheerst (zie fig.13). In het andere geval zal de oliedruk gecombineerd met de volumestroom behorend bij de lengte van de remweg worden gebruikt voor de aandrijving van een andere 15 komponent. In het eerste geval is het gewenst in het tweede geval nuttig de feitelijke remweg en hoogte van de oliedruk te regelen door de tijdens de remweg verplaatste olie verminderd met de samendrukking hiervan toe te voeren aan één of meerdere accumulatoren (56). Door deze accumulato-20 ren de juiste voorspanning te geven is de oliedruk naar boven begrensd. Als de accumulatoren voldoende groot zijn wordt de remweg globaal bepaald door de vrijkomende kinetische energie gedeeld door de gemiddelde oliedruk gedeeld door de oppervlakte van de plunjer. De accumulatoren (56) 25 worden remaccumulatoren genoemd. In de meeste gevallen zal de massa in een lineaire heen- en weergaande periodische of a-periodische beweging worden gebracht, welke beweging nader wordt genoemd een trilling. De energie bij de afremming omgezet in een uitwendige reactiekracht dan wel een 30. verdere hydraulische aandrijving zal niet altijd geheel worden opgenomen. Beschouwen we gemakshalve geval 1 : gebruik van een massabewegingsreactor als direkte kracht-opwekker bv. als heimachine. Wanneer alle remenergie di-' , rekt door het achterliggende systeem wordt opgenomen, dus ’ Λ Λ ΛWhen the plunger and with it the mass (51) has reached a sufficiently great speed and associated kinetic energy, the displacement of the plunger and thus the mass is suddenly slowed down by means of a device which passes it through or around the plunger. plunger or the cylinder, rinsing of the oil wholly or partially prevented. The inertial force of the braking mass will now be converted into increasing oil pressure in the oil which is expelled in front of the plunger and can no longer wash around. When the space n ° (54) is completely blocked, the braking distance of the mass is determined by the compression constant of the oil and the oil pressure will usually set very high. The procedure of the sudden-? " Preventing the oil from rinsing around can be accomplished by the construction of the cylinder and the cylinder; 3 q% «v ï- -y% \ v 6> * plunger itself (see fig. 9) or by a valve construction which is automatic (see fig. 10) or by a control device (see fig. 11) ) or is activated by a combination of both (see fig. 12). The process that takes place 5 after the start of decelerating the mass can be split into 2 types or a combination of both. In the first process, the purpose of the deceleration is to generate only oil pressure on the wall (55) of the vessel or cylinder, thereby creating a reaction force on the vessel or cylinder 10 in such a manner that the magnitude of the pressure and the the period of time over which it occurs is controlled (see fig. 13). Otherwise, the oil pressure combined with the volume flow associated with the length of the braking distance will be used to drive another component. In the first case, it is desirable in the second case to control the actual braking distance and height of the oil pressure by supplying the oil displaced during the braking distance minus its compression to one or more accumulators (56). By giving these accumulators the correct preload, the oil pressure is limited upwards. If the accumulators are large enough, the braking distance is roughly determined by the kinetic energy released divided by the average oil pressure divided by the area of the plunger. The accumulators (56) are called brake accumulators. In most cases, the mass will be brought into a linear reciprocating periodic or a-periodic motion, which motion is further referred to as a vibration. The energy at the braking converted into an external reaction force or a further hydraulic drive will not always be fully absorbed. For the sake of simplicity, we consider case 1: use of a mass-movement reactor as a direct force generator, for example, as a pile driver. When all the braking energy di- ', elongates is absorbed by the underlying system, so' Λ Λ Λ

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* s * 7 • door verplaatsing van de cylinder of het vat en de paal, dan zal er geen relatieve beweging tussen plunjer en cylinder optreden en zullen de remaccus niet of weinig worden gevuld. De massa blijft dan staan maar er is ook geen 5 energie verloren gegaan. Wanneer echter het vat of de cylinder op een oneindig stijve ondergrond rust, omdat de » paal niet zakt, zal de grootste relatieve verplaatsing tussen plunjer en cylinder optreden en zullen de remaccus wel gevuld worden. Hierna zullen, wanneer de massa tot stil-10 stand is gekomen, de remaccus zich weer ontladen en de massa terugdrijven. Hierdoor ontstaat een tweede stoot dan wel wordt de eerste stoot als het ware verlengd. Er is nu geen energie verloren gegaan en de massa zou wanneer er geen rendementsverlies was naar de beginstand worden terug-15 geslingerd omdat er geen energie is afgeleverd. Teneinde nu ook in die gevallen waar er veel energie is afgeleverd en waar er energie verloren gaat t.g.v. rendementsverliezen de terugslingering van de massa te regelen en de tijdsduur van de reactie-stoot te verdubbelen wordt een tweede 20 serie van één of meer accus aangebracht welke de versnel-lingsaccus (57) worden genoemd en welke worden opgeladen, tijdens het grootste gedeelte van de beweging van de massa, door een hydraulisch aggregaat. De versnellingsaccus dienen echter van een ventiel voorzien te zijn dat gesloten 25 is tijdens de oplaadtijd en geopend met een grote doorlaat tijdens de versnellingsactie van de accus (57). Fig.14 geeft aan op welke wijze een dergelijk ventiel kan worden geconstrueerd, een ventiel dat in dit geval zelfwerkend is.* s * 7 • due to displacement of the cylinder or the barrel and the pole, there will be no relative movement between the plunger and the cylinder and the brake accumulator will be filled little or not at all. The mass then remains but no energy has been lost. However, if the drum or cylinder rests on an infinitely rigid surface, because the pile does not drop, the greatest relative displacement between the plunger and the cylinder will occur and the brake battery will be filled. After this, when the mass has come to a standstill, the brake battery will discharge again and the mass will drive back. This creates a second punch or the first punch is extended, as it were. No energy has now been lost and the mass would be thrown back to the initial position if there was no loss of efficiency because no energy was delivered. In order to also control the return of the mass and to double the duration of the reaction impulse in those cases where a lot of energy has been delivered and where energy is lost due to efficiency losses, a second series of one or more batteries is applied, which gear batteries (57) are called and which are charged, during most of the movement of the mass, by a hydraulic power pack. However, the acceleration battery should have a valve that is closed during the charging time and opened with a large bore during the acceleration action of the batteries (57). Fig. 14 shows how such a valve can be constructed, a valve which in this case is self-acting.

Opgemerkt wordt dat het ventiel zodanig moet worden gecon-30 strueerd dat de ruimte *54) bij de teruggaande beweging van de massa langduriger afgesloten blijft van de overige spoelruimte dan bij de heengaande beweging van de massa, dit om de versnellingsaccus de gelegenheid te geven zich volledig te ontladen zorder diukverlies in de"spoelruimte" V ·: _ «;* *- ï v« . * t ; ;-ί ΛIt should be noted that the valve must be constructed in such a way that the space * 54) remains closed off from the rest of the rinsing space for a longer period of time in the return movement of the mass, in order to allow the acceleration batteries to fully discharged, loss of pressure in the "wash cabinet" V ·: _ «; * * - ï v«. * t; -ί Λ

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v * "·» 8 m 3 é nr 58. Bij deze uitvoering vindtde aandrijving van de massa in feite plaats door de versnellingsaccus mits daarnaast een mechanisch dan wel hydraulisch veersysteem zorgt voor de primaire aandrijving van de massa alsmede voor de af-5 remmende beweging van de massa, nadat deze door de versnel-lingsaccu in teruggaande beweging is gebracht (zie fig.15).v * "·» 8 m 3 é nr 58. In this version, the mass is driven by the acceleration battery, provided that in addition a mechanical or hydraulic suspension system provides the primary mass drive as well as the decelerating movement. of the mass, after it has been retracted by the acceleration battery (see fig. 15).

In fig.16 is aangegeven dat aandrijving (52) of de massa uit fig. 5 binnen het vat kan worden aangebracht waardoor een meer gesloten uitvoering ontstaat. Het ligt voor de 10 hand nu ook de plunjer en de massa als een geheel uit te voeren (zie fig.17). Vervolgens is het mogelijk de aandrijving (52) binnen de plunjer welke inmiddels relatief· grote afmeting heeft aan te brengen (zie fig.18) dan wel aan de buitenzijde van de plunjer volgens fig.19. Het is in de 15 onderhavige uitvinding gewenst de axiale lageringen zeer degelijk uit te voeren. Tot een onderdeel van de uitvinding behoort toepassing van hydrostatische lagering hiervan. Een volgend belangrijk onderdeel van de uitvinding is het toepassen van accus, om de snelle beweging van de 20 aandrijfplunjer te kunnen volgen (zie fig.20). Een elegante uitvoering van de massabewegingsreactor is gegeven in fig.21 waarbij de energietoevoer vrijwel uitsluitend geschiedt via de versnellingsaccu en verder slechts suppletie van lekverliezen nodig is dan wel opstarten van de pe-25 riodisch werkende massareactor. Fig.22 geeft een tweede uitvoering van de massaversnellingsreactor als heimachine/ fig.23 een derde. Fig 24 geeft een dubbelwerkende massabewegingsreactor , symm.- a-symm.of omkeerbaar werkend.In Fig. 16 it is indicated that drive (52) or the mass of Fig. 5 can be arranged inside the vessel, whereby a more closed design is created. It is now obvious to design the plunger and the mass as a whole (see fig. 17). It is then possible to install the drive (52) inside the plunger, which has now become relatively large in size (see fig. 18) or on the outside of the plunger according to fig. 19. In the present invention it is desirable to make the axial bearings very solid. Part of the invention includes the use of hydrostatic bearings thereof. Another important part of the invention is the use of batteries in order to be able to follow the rapid movement of the drive plunger (see fig. 20). An elegant embodiment of the mass movement reactor is shown in Fig. 21, in which the energy is supplied almost exclusively via the acceleration battery and furthermore only supplementation of leakage losses is required or start-up of the periodically operating mass reactor. Fig. 22 shows a second embodiment of the mass acceleration reactor as a pile driver / Fig. 23 a third. Fig. 24 shows a double-acting mass-motion reactor, symm.- a-symm.or reversible.

Opgemerkt wordt dat voor de goede werking van de massabe-30 wegingsreactor een zodanige uitvoering gewenst is dat de visceuse verliezen bij hoge plunjersnelheden zoveel mogelijk beperkt worden en dat de rem- en versnellingsaccumula-toren een hoge energie-en een uitstroom capaciteit hebben.It is noted that for the proper operation of the mass-weighing reactor such a design is desired that the viscous losses at high plunger speeds are limited as much as possible and that the brake and acceleration accumulators have a high energy and an outflow capacity.

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In sommige gevallen zullen zelfs speciale accus moeten worden gemaakt.In some cases, special batteries will even have to be made.

Fig.25 geeft het principe van een meer traditionele heimachine waarbij de toepassing van de uitvinding is beperkt 5 tot de hydraulische smoring m.b.v. remaccus. Om praktische redenen zal de olieoppervlakte moeten wor.den afgesloten m.b.v. een membraam- of lichte zuigerconstructie, zie details fig. 26 en 27. Een verticale opstelling is nu niet meer noodzakelijk. Het is nu ook mogelijk versnellings- « 10 accumulatoren toe te passen waardoor de energietoevoer weer via de stuwruimte kan geschieden. Het voordeel van deze uitvoering is dat er nu geen hydrodynamische beperkingen- en verliezen optreden, t.g.v. de beweging van de massa of plunjer in een hydraulisch medium ("spoelverlie-15 zen"). Het nadeel is dat nu de "spoelolie" niet meer kan worden gebruikt als koelmiddel voor het gehele systeem.Fig. 25 shows the principle of a more traditional pile driver in which the application of the invention is limited to the hydraulic throttle using brake battery. For practical reasons, the oil surface will have to be closed using a diaphragm or light piston construction, see details fig. 26 and 27. A vertical arrangement is no longer necessary. It is now also possible to use acceleration accumulators, so that the energy supply can again take place via the storage space. The advantage of this embodiment is that there are now no hydrodynamic limitations and losses due to the movement of the mass or plunger in a hydraulic medium ("flushing losses"). The disadvantage is that now the "flushing oil" can no longer be used as a coolant for the entire system.

Teneinde de piekspanningen bij de botsing tussen plunjer en membraam o.d. te beperken kan het ontwijken van de lucht vlak voor de botsing worden afgesmoord door voorzie-20 ningen zoals aangegeven in fig. 26 of fig.27.In order to avoid the peak stresses in the collision between plunger and membrane, etc. To limit, the evasion of the air just prior to the collision can be throttled by devices as shown in Fig. 26 or Fig. 27.

De, op het moment van ontladen van de versnellings- en remaccumulatoren, toegevoerde oliehoeveelheid zal wegens de wet van de continuïteit moeten worden afgevoerd via # de retourleiding (2115 in fig.21). Dit zou een onnodig 25 grote momentane stroomsnelheid in de retourleiding vergen.Due to the law of continuity, the amount of oil supplied at the time of discharge of the acceleration and brake accumulators will have to be discharged via # the return line (2115 in fig. 21). This would require an unnecessarily large instantaneous flow velocity in the return line.

Daarom voorziet de uitvinding er in ergens in de spoel-ruimte een flexibel gasreservoir aan te brengen welk reservoir tijdelijk bij geringe overdruk het plotseling benodigde extra volume aan de spoelruimte toevoegdt. De oVer-30 tollige olie kan daarna in een gemiddelde volumestroom re-tourvloeien zie detailfig.28. In fig.29 is dit gasreservoir tevens benut voor soepele afremming van ‘de massa wanneer de terugslingering van de massa te groot is geweest en deze aan de verkeerde zijde van de massabewegings- * \ i 10 reactor tegen het huis zou kunnen botsen.Therefore, the invention provides to provide a flexible gas reservoir somewhere in the flushing space, which reservoir temporarily adds the extra required volume to the flushing space at low overpressure. The Over-30 oil can then flow back in an average volume flow, see detailed figure 28. In Fig. 29, this gas reservoir has also been utilized for smooth braking of the mass when the mass swing back has been too great and could collide with the housing on the wrong side of the mass movement reactor.

Dé' onderhavige uitvinding kan eveneens gebruikt worden als trillingsopwekker van asymetrische of symetrische aard zonder uitgesproken stootwerking door de afremming meer gelei-5 delijk te doen geschieden (zie fig.30) dan wel de massa vrij te laten bewegen en versnelling en afremming uitsluitend te doen geschieden door de aandrijfcylinder (zie fig.The present invention can also be used as a vibration generator of an asymmetrical or symmetrical nature without pronounced impact by making the braking more gradual (see fig. 30) or by allowing the mass to move freely and only doing acceleration and braking. are done by the drive cylinder (see fig.

31). De heimachine is dan veranderd in een trilblok. In dit geval is een regelorgaan voor opwekking van hydrauli-10 sche wisselstroom nodig. Fig.32 geeft een uitvoering van de massabewegingsreactor als hydraulisch aangedreven tril-motor welke zelfwerkend is en geen aparte regelorganen nodig heeft. De volgende toepassingsvoorbeelden behoren tot de uitvinding: heimachine; trilstootblok 21 t/m 27,30, 48,49; trilblok 30,31; "hydroraket" t.b.v. buizen persen en (brekend) drijven van tunnelschilden 24,30,31,44,48,49.31). The pile driver is then turned into a vibratory hammer. In this case, a controller for generating alternating hydraulic power is required. Fig. 32 shows an embodiment of the mass motion reactor as a hydraulically driven vibrating motor, which is self-acting and does not require separate control devices. The following application examples belong to the invention: pile driver; vibrating impact block 21 to 27.30, 48.49; vibration block 30.31; "Hydro-rocket" for pressing presses and (breaking) driving tunnel shields 24,30,31,44,48,49.

Ponsen - stansen - smeedpersen en dergelijke.(fig.35)Punching - punching - forging presses and the like. (Fig. 35)

Lichte breekhamer ter vervanging van pneumatische breek-hamer en de zware breekhamer t.b.v. het loswerken van harde zeebodem bij baggerwerkzaamheden (zie fig.36,37,38).Light breaker to replace pneumatic breaker and heavy breaker for loosening hard seabed during dredging work (see fig. 36,37,38).

20 Grondverdichtingsmachine (zie fig.39,40,48,49).20 Soil compaction machine (see fig. 39,40,48,49).

Machine voor dynamische beproeving en nabootsing van verkeerslasten op verhardingen (zie fig.41,42,43).Machine for dynamic testing and simulation of traffic loads on pavements (see fig. 41,42,43).

Het verwijsnummer bevat eerst het nummer van de figuur met daarachter een nummer hetwelk steeds betrekking heeft op 25 de volgende onderdelen: 1 - aandrijving, 2 - massa, 3 - plunjer, 4 - stuwruimte, 5 - wand waarop reactiekracht aangrijpt, 6 - remaccu, 7'-versnellingsaccu, 8 - spoelruimte, 9 - accu, 10 - ventiel-constructie, 11 - mechanische veer, 12 - hydraulische smo-30 ring, 13 - wigspleetlagering, 14 - hydraulische energietoevoer, 15 - retourstroom, 16 - membraam, 17 - "afdek- t / d 'J s e s * * 11 »* » zuiger", 18 regelorgaan, 19 - tweede massa, 20 - resulterende aktie van de massabewegingsreactor, 21 - servocylin-der, 22 - regelapparatuur, 23 - koelruimte, 24 - drijfkist, 25 - breekbeitels, 26 - verplaatsingsverloop, 27 - druk-5 verloop, 28 - krachtsverloop, 29 - opslingerfactor, 30 -tijd, 31 - schild, 32 - holle cylinders.The reference number first contains the number in the figure followed by a number, which always refers to the following parts: 1 - drive, 2 - mass, 3 - plunger, 4 - stowage space, 5 - wall on which reaction force acts, 6 - brake battery, 7 'gear battery, 8 - washroom, 9 - battery, 10 - valve construction, 11 - mechanical spring, 12 - hydraulic smo-30 ring, 13 - wedge slot bearing, 14 - hydraulic power supply, 15 - return flow, 16 - diaphragm, 17 - "cover t / d 'J ses * * 11» * »piston", 18 regulator, 19 - second mass, 20 - resulting action of the mass movement reactor, 21 - servo-cylinder, 22 - control equipment, 23 - cooling room, 24 - float box, 25 - breaking bits, 26 - displacement course, 27 - pressure-5 course, 28 - force course, 29 - swing factor, 30-time, 31 - shield, 32 - hollow cylinders.

Voorbeeld : 2114 is hydraulische energietoevoer in fig. 21.Example: 2114 is hydraulic power supply in fig. 21.

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Claims

1. Mass-motion reactor, characterized in that a mass and a plunger or a mass designed as a plunger is set in motion, the plunger being present in a hydraulic medium or suddenly coming into contact with this medium, after which this medium is the plunger is moved.

2. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic medium is located in a vessel or cylinder, the cylinder or vessel in combination with the plunger being arranged in such a way that a so-called thrust space is located in front of or in the plunger and whether or not there is a so-called rinsing space in and / or behind the plunger.

3. Mass-moving reactor according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the construction is designed in such a way that the resistance and / or viscous friction is so low that the displacement of the plunger can take place in part with as little resistance and / or viscous losses as possible.

4. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1-2 and 3, characterized in that the construction is arranged such that the stowage space can be partially blocked such that the oil in this space is pushed up through the plunger, so that the plunger is slowed down and the kinetic energy in the plunger and mass present is converted into hydraulic energy stored in the stowage space.

Mass movement reactor according to claims 1-2-3 and 4, characterized in that the hydraulic fluid compressed in the stowage space is also stored in accumulators, so-called brake accumulators.

6. Mass motion reactor according to claims 1-2 and 3, characterized in that the construction is arranged such that the movement of plunger and mass is throttled by limited outflow var. the hydraulic medium of the Q \ -V V- „/ 5 / y. * ·« · »_______________ _________. See fig. 25 storage space to the wash cabinet or / and to accumulators.

7. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1-2-3, characterized in that the displacement of the hydraulic medium from the stowage space to the flushing space can take place either through the plunger (fig. 6) or around the plunger (fig. 7). ) or bypass channels (fig. 8).

8. Mass-moving reactor according to claims 1-2-3-4-5-6 and 7, characterized in that during part of the movements of the plunger the displacement of the hydraulic medium can be prevented in whole or in part by a valve construction than either the combination of construction of the barrel and the plunger or through; a combination of both constructions (fig. 10 and 11, 9, 12, respectively).

9. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1 to 4, 5 or 6.7 and 8, characterized in that it is also possible to design it in such a way that a double action is created because the thrust space changes in the opposite direction when the plunger is displaced into the rinsing space and the washroom changed to storage space (fig. 24).

10. Mass motion reactor according to claims 1 to 4 7 to 9,5 or 6, characterized in that the up and down movement of the plunger and the mass can be wholly or partly maintained by a double-acting drive cylinder or wholly or partly by supplementing hydraulic fluid in the stowage space or by a combination of both.

11. Mass-motion reactor according to claim, characterized in that the replenishment of the hydraulic medium in the stowage space can or must take place via one or more accumulators "acceleration accumulator" with high energy absorption and high discharge velocity.

Mass movement ir. _ Sr-, • '•' tor according to claim-11 with the ': e' ~ ir. Mark that the design or a * St i VV * v -V 3 V valve construction is designed such that the acceleration The accumulator (s) can be charged continuously and only be discharged just after the mass has slowed down. The examples of such a design and valve construction are part of the invention (see fig. 9 to 12).

13. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1 to 12 or parts thereof, characterized in that a linear drive (.. 2) or / and gravity ensures the storage of kinetic energy in the mass (.. 1) and that the 10 acceleration in this mass can become much greater than that of gravity and that the same drive can generate and / or support the rest of the movement of the mass.

Mass motion reactor according to claims 1 to 13 or parts thereof, characterized in that the linear drive (.. 2) according to claim 13 can also be used for "correction" of the movement of the mass, eg for slowing down action of the acceleration accumulators.

Mass-motion reactor according to Claims 1 to 14, or parts thereof, characterized in that when the mass is driven by brake and acceleration accumulators, the linear drive (.. 2) can also function for the purpose of suspension and preload of the system.

16. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1 to 15 or parts thereof, characterized in that the suspension and preload according to claim 15 can also be obtained by a mechanical spring system see fig. 15 or by a combination with claim 15 to control the outflow velocity of the accumulators improve. These applications also belong to the invention. (Fig. 33)

17. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1 to 16 or parts thereof, characterized in that the large volume flows hydraulic fluid required for a line-? -¾ - i O C * * r Λar hydraulic drive (.. 2) can be obtained using accumulators. A temporary or limited volume flow of the hydraulic unit is necessary to pre-tension the spring system, make up for leakage losses and start up or supplement the operation of the mass movement reactor in case of excessive energy transfer (see fig. 21).

Mass-motion reactor according to claim 17, characterized in that a special valve (see fig. 21) No. 2110 10 with or without servo cylinder is suitable for processing the start-up of the mass-motion reactor and / or the movement in the event of excessive energy transfer and fall-back. support the amplitudes of the mass motion reactor.

A mass motion reactor according to claims 1 to 18 or dd. f 15 characterized in that the linear drive or the mass or both can be brought inside the vessel or cylinder and the plunger and mass can be designed as a whole (see fig. 16 and 17).

20. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 19, characterized in that the drive cylinder can be arranged within the mass and can be integrated therewith according to fig. 18 on the inside of the mass and according to fig. 19 on the outside of the mass. and others

21. Mass motion reactor according to claim 20V, characterized in that the bearing of the mass in the wash chamber and / or the bearing of the drive cylinder can or must be carried out hydrostatically according to the principle of the wedge slot cylinder, but in such a special design according to the details. 18 and 19 show that with relatively large leakage losses the relatively very large plunger speeds can be unwound without unacceptably large viscous friction. * v 16>

Mass-motion reactor according to Claims 1 to 21 or parts, characterized in that the hydraulic volume flow (14) supplied from the high-day flow is forcibly cooled and passed through the mass-movement reactor 5 in such a way that no uncontrollable heating can occur. (see fig. 34)

23. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 1 to 22 or parts, characterized in that the mass-motion reactor can be used both as an exciter of the impacts and vibrations as a hydraulic alternating current generator and aggregate for driving other components and / or as a hydraulic flow and pressure transducer. Characteristic in the generation of impacts and vibrations is the reaction force acting externally by this reactor caused by the results of the oil pressures on the vessel or cylinder.

Mass-moving reactor according to claims 1 to 23 or parts or according to an application in which a mass suddenly collides or is slowed in any way, characterized in that this mass is divided into 20 smaller masses, the construction of which is such that the successively cascade braking of different masses.

25. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 24, characterized in that a hydraulic suspension or throttle 25 is always arranged between 2 successive masses, so that the inertial forces of the different masses develop in successive times (fig. 1 to 3).

26. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 25, characterized in that one of the two moving masses experiences a direct impact and this impact via a hydraulic spring or throttle system, as shown in fig. 4, dampens the impact of the second mass, so that a pressure course is created as shown schematically in fig. 4. «» i λ 'r * -r * · / ~ 0 - · * v' ·

27. Mass-motion reactor according to a large part of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the thrust chamber of the vessel is filled with hydraulic medium and closed off from the remainder of the vessel or cylinder by a diaphragm or piston construction, which remaining part of the vessel. vessel is filled with gas in such a way that the other parts such as plunger and / or mass and / or drive can move in or out of the vessel without hydraulic resistance (fig. 26-27).

28. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 27, characterized in that the kinetic energy of the mass is delivered directly by a collision with the membrane, or piston construction, after which further braking takes place by reducing the stowage space and / or charging the brake battery.

Mass motion reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that the return movement of the mass is effected by the drive (.. 2) and / or the discharge of the brake and acceleration batteries connected to the thrust chamber.

30. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 27, characterized in that the contacting part of the mass and / or plunger with the membrane or piston construction is designed such that the collision against it is throttled by an enclosed gas volume (see details fig. 26 and 27).

31. Mass-motion reactor according to part of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separate flexible gas filling or battery is present in or near the wash cabinet, eg a battery with a very low bias, such that this gas filling is temporarily reduced by temporary compression. of the wash cabinet without increasing oil pressure, after which the excess oil can drain over a longer period of time, (see fig. 28).

32. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 31, characterized in that the gas space or battery is arranged in such a way that the mass, in case of excessive drive-back, by the acceleration batteries or other reasons may spring on this gas space, preventing a hard collision with the barrel, (see fig. 29)

33. Mass-motion reactor according to a part of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be used for punching and vibrating pressing according to patent application no. 7900219 and punching and forging presses (fig. 35).

34. Mass-motion reactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be used as a hydraulic breaker. (Fig. 36).

35. Mass-motion reactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be used for the construction of a machine for crushing hard bottom under water for a dredging process.

36. Mass-moving reactor according to claim 35, characterized in that it must be built in a watertight version or provided with a watertight housing such that the impact is directed downwards and the housing is designed such that the mass-moving reactor remains in the erected position. The bottom of the housing and a part of the side walls must be provided with suitable hardened protrusions which crush the bottom as a result of the impact of the mass movement reactor (see Fig. 37).

Mass-motion reactor according to claim 36, characterized in that the device moves itself by jumping or being pulled by a cable (see f38).

38. Mass-motion reactor according to part of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass-motion reactor can be used as a replacement for the soil compaction vibrator, in particular of the exploration rammer, by arranging the mass-motion reactor vertically, "r. * Λ · '*. * * Y * „V ajj * ij · · Ά *' £ V? · 'I: r * .V ___________ * to be provided with a bottom contact plate on the underside and to dimension the mass movement reactor at a high impact force to replace compaction methods with a falling weight or a deliberately controlled impact frequency 5 to replace a vibrating machine (fig. 39 or both 48)

39. Mass-motion reactor as claimed in claims 37 and 38, characterized in that the operation is designed and adjusted in such a way that the frequency of the impacts is equal to the frequency of the springback of the ground and in such a phase that resonance and '* oscillation' occur, or in such a phase that a number of impacts causes oscillation and alternately a number of impacts come into the opposite phase, so that the dynamic force of the impact is greater in the opposite phase (see fig. 40).

40. Mass-motion reactor according to a part of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be used for test loading of pavements partly because of the imitation of dynamic phenomena on a technical scale, partly because of the possibility of simulating a large number of load repetitions in the short term.

41. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 40, characterized in that one or more mass-motion reactors are arranged one behind the other in "driving direction" and provided with a tight, motion-free connection between reactor and pavement, (fig. 41).

42. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 41, characterized in that when using multiple reactors, they are adjusted in such a way that they hit the pavement at successive times, relative to each other and in certain larger time intervals each for themselves. (Fig. 42).

43. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 42, characterized in that the successive impacts by mass-displacement reactors arranged in a linear fashion are intended to simulate the load from a wheel of a vehicle, train or aircraft rolling over the pavement, (see fig. 42)

44. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 40 to 43, characterized in that the magnitude of the thrust of each mass-motion reactor corresponds to the magnitude of the wheel pressure or impact of a wheel of a vehicle, train or aircraft passing over the pavement and -10 between each thrust of each mass-movement reactor is chosen so large that the vibration of the previous thrust is almost muted and yet a large number of wheel transitions can be simulated in a short time, (fig.43) • 15

45. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 44, characterized in that the time interval between successive impacts of consecutive mass-motion reactors is the same as the time required for the previous wheel to be simulated to move from the foregoing to the next mass-motion reactor. (fig. 41 to 43)

46. Mass-motion reactor according to part of the preceding claims, characterized in that the invention is used as a pile driver (see fig. 25-26-27).

47. Mass-motion reactor according to part of the preceding claim, characterized in that the invention is used as a "vibratory shock block" (see fig. 21 to 27.30). It is characterized in that the mass-motion reactor is adjusted in such a way that the pulses are sequentially in a frequency. which is in such a phase with the movement of pole and ground that an effect of the resonance and / or counter-resonance is created, whereby the impacts of the mass-moving reactor have as effective an influence as possible on the object to be driven, (see also fig. 48 and 49). O \. ... \ 1 A a> '/: .. - i J if if ί. · V - W' »

48. Mass-motion reactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass-motion reactor is designed in such a way that the mass is in continuous non-impact vibration, with which embodiment an object can be driven into the ground instead of a so-called hydraulic, mechanical or electrically driven vibratory hammer (see fig. 30 and 31).

49. Mass-motion reactor according to a part of the preceding claims, characterized in that the invention is applied in horizontal or vertical arrangement to press pipes into the ground, whether or not while simultaneously removing the round compressed into the pipe for either pressing the tube, or the acquisition of the soil put through the pressing (see fig. 30 and 31, 44)

A mass motion reactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used for driving shields in tunnel construction.

51. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 50, characterized in that a plurality of mass-motion reactors are arranged along the outer circumference of the shield and connected to the shield in such a manner that they propel it in line with the tunnel (fig. 45).

52. Mass-moving reactor according to claims 50 and 51, characterized in that part of the used mass-moving reactors are provided at the front with a device for crushing the ground during the driving. (fig. 46)

53. Mass-moving reactor according to a part of the preceding claims, characterized in that a device is connected to the mass-moving reactor, usually a hydraulic clamp which rigidly connects the reactor to the body to be driven such that the inertial force of the mass of the mass to be driven is floating body plus the force of inertia of the mass of the non-moving 1 fc '....... -' 0 parts of the mass movement reactor can be used as reaction force for the thrust of the drive cylinder for the use of larger gears. (see fig. 47).

54. Mass-motion reactor according to part of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more 9 bypass channels are used according to claim 7.

55. Mass-motion reactor according to claim 54, characterized in that a regulating element is placed in the said orbital channels, which blocks the flush one or more times during the reciprocating or reverse linear movement of the mass.

56. Mass-motion reactor according to claims 54 and 55, characterized in that one or more additional impacts or pressure peaks are superimposed on the course of the reaction force and the hydraulic pressure supplied by the mass-motion reactor. (see fig. 48)

57. Mass motion reactor according to claims 54, 55 and 56, characterized in that the pressure pulses generated by the controller become motion reactor during a movement phase of the mass. used to resonate the object or mass to be propelled by the mass-motion reactor by means of these intermediate pulses before each main impact occurs, at least in those cases where the frequency of the main impact is too low to achieve resonance (see fig. 49). In this figure it is shown how in the approaching movement of the mass when pile driving with a pile with this device the pile movement is caused by 5 intermediate pulses in resonance with the pile spring system, after which the main impact takes place followed by a damping during the return movement of the mass. The procedure is then repeated. y m fs *>, * Λ-, ƒ vf 'J * 2 w