SU775307A2 - Hydraulic-pneumatic percussive-action device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to percussion machines used for loosening frozen soils and half-pit Hfcjx rocks, destroying stone buildings, foundations, crushing road concrete pavements, rocks and ore. A hydropneumatic percussion device is known for the main bus CE. No. 600265, used for loosening, destroying and crushing various solid materials. The device contains a firing pin located in the cylinder, carrying the working and brake pistons forming the pressure and drain cavities with the separating partition of the cylinder, periodically interconnected by means of spool, and impact on the head of the pneumatic accumulator. The main feature of such a device is that it is equipped with a piston compensator, and in the cylinder, working and brake chambers, which are constantly in communication with the hydraulic cavities of the battery and the hydraulic compensator cavities, are made from the working and brake pistons. cavity which communicated with the atmosphere. To ensure reliability of operation; Such a device when destroying objects of high hardness requires increasing the safety margin of the striker, since it fully perceives the high stresses arising from the impact. In addition, the relatively high striking speeds required to obtain the design parameters of the impact, significant flow areas of the spool, and overflow channels. All these requirements can lead either to unnecessarily overstated dimensions of the striker in diameter, or to a decrease in the efficiency of the device due to an increase in the magnitude of hydraulic losses. The aim of the invention is to increase the operational reliability of the device. This is achieved by the fact that the head is made of shock and auxiliary parts, each of which is mounted in a separate cylinder — in the working and platoon cylinders, respectively, carries the working and brake pistons and forms a working and torus chamber with the walls of its cylinder

at the same time, the brake chamber of the cocking cylinder and the working chamber of the working cylinder are constantly communicating with each other, and the spool is installed in the auxiliary part of the striker.

The cross section of the brake chamber of the platoon cylinder is larger than the cross section of the working chamber of the working cylinder.

The cylinder of the platoon and the working cylinder are parallel to each other, and the striking and auxiliary parts of the striker are installed in cylinders with the possibility of opposite movement.

Performing a boPka from two parts separated by a certain volume of working fluid completely unloads the most complex of them with their own pistons and spool from the high amplitudes of the rzhati stresses that occur at the moment of impact. Therefore, the reliability of this node and the device as a whole is increased.

Due to the fact that the cross section of the brake chamber of the charging cylinder is larger than the cross section of the working chamber of the working cylinder, at a given final speed of the striking part of the head, determined by the design parameters of the device, the auxiliary part of the head is moving at a lower speed. At the same time, the flow rate of the working fluid flowing from the pressure chamber to the drain when working stroke through channels of limited sizes is reduced, and consequently, the hydraulic losses are reduced and the overall efficiency of the device increases. The recoil force decreases when the device is operated inside when moving the auxiliary and shock parts of the striker in opposite directions.

Figures 1, 2, 3 show the basic schematic diagrams of the structural design of the device with the position of parts at the time of the start of the platoon, three options.

The hydropneumatic percussion device includes a working cylinder 1 with its striking part 2 inside with striker with working 3 and 4 pistons braking, a platoon cylinder placed inside with its booster auxiliary part with brake 7 and working 8 pistons and spool 9, gas accumulator 10 with a working 11 and a brake 12 pistons; a housing of piston compensators 13 with pistons 14.

In the auxiliary part of the striker, the bypass 15 and control 16 channels are made. The mutual arrangement of parts of the device forms a pressure 17 and drain 18 camera, working 19 and brake chamber 20, the hydraulic cavity 21 and 22 of the compensator.

hydraulic cavities 23, 24, respectively, of brake 12 and working 11 pistons of the gas accumulator 10, brake chamber 25 of the brake piston 7 of the auxiliary part of the striker, working chamber 26 of the working piston of the striking part 2 of the striker, gas cavity 27 of the accumulator 10 and gas cavities 28 of the piston compensators 13.

Hydro-pneumatic device lO percussion works as follows.

When the working fluid is supplied from the hydraulic drive to the pressure chamber 17, the working | - piston 8 with the auxiliary part 6 of the hammer moves up (Fig. 1) or down (Fig. 2.3). The fluid from the working chamber 19 flows into the hydraulic cavity 24 of the battery 10 and moves the working piston 11 (or group

pistons if the battery consists of

several sections) of the battery 10, which compresses the gas in the gas cavity 27.

In this case, the brake piston 7 of the auxiliary part of the striker, moving to the uppermost (see Fig. -L) or extreme (see Fig. 2) position, displaces the fluid from the drain chamber 18 into the drain line and creates

3Q, the vacuum in the brake chamber 25 and the working chamber 26, as a result of which the striking part 2 of the striker with the working 3 and the brake 4 piston of the glycium also moves upwards.

5 When the shock part 2 is moved, the upholstery upwards the brake piston 4 creates a vacuum in the brake chamber 20, as a result of which the fluid flows out of the hydraulic cavity 22 of the compensator and the piston 14 of the compensator moves downwards. Since the working section of the brake chamber 25 is larger than the working section of the gauge 26, the shock part 2 of the striker is moved to a larger compared to

45 by moving the auxiliary part b, the value determined by the quantitative ratio of the cross sections of these cavities.

When the control channel 16 exits into the pressure chamber 17, the spool 9 is thrown into the upper

(Fig. 1) or the lower (Fig. 2, 3) position, in which the pressure head 17 and the discharge 18, the chambers are connected by themselves through the bypass.

fc channels 15.

Under the action of the expanding gas in the cavity 27, the working piston 11 of the accumulator 10 moves, displacing the liquid into the working chamber 19, KG through the working piston 8

60 moves the auxiliary part b of the striker down (figure 1) or up (figure 2). The brake action 7 of the auxiliary part of the cylinder displaces the liquid from the brake chamber 25 into the working chamber 26 and through the working chamber. piston 3

moves the striking part 2 of the striker down, while the speed of movement of the striker ;, 2 strikers due to the difference in the working sections of the chambers 25 and 26 is greater than the speed of movement of the auxiliary part 6 of the striker.

The fluid in the brake chamber 20 flows into the hydraulic cavity 22 of the compensator, and the piston 14 of this strip moves upwards. Since the gas strip of a 28 krmp capacitor is in communication with the atmosphere, the displacement of fluid from the brake chamber 20 into the cavity 22 (if necessary, the cross section of the channel connecting them) does not offer much resistance. moving the striker 2 striker.

At the moment of impact, the moving masses (positions 2, 3, 4, 7, 7, 3) are cut and the valve 9 moves to the lowest position (Fig. 1) or the upper (Fig. 2, 3) position and separates on-l spit 17 and drain IS cameras. Then the cycle is repeated.

In the event of a lumbar shot (absence of resistance to the alternation of the striking part of the striker), the piston 14 of the lower compensator 13 stops in the extreme upper position, and the brake piston 4 of the striker part 2 of the striker displaces fluid from the brake chamber 20 into the hydraulic cavity 23 of the accumulator, which moves the brake piston 12 of the accumulator the torus and compresses the gas in the cavity 27. The kinetic energy of the moving masses is quenched due to the compression of the gas.

The change in the volume of the working chamber l9 is compensated by the fluid from the hydraulic cavity 21 of the upper compensator. The return of the movable mass to its initial position after a shot through occurs due to the expansion of gas in the cavity 27 of the battery.

The schematic diagrams of the structural design of the device presented in Lig. 2, 3 are more preferable, since they allow to reduce the recoil reaction force arising at the time of acceleration of the moving masses of the device with high accelerations. In these embodiments, the flax part 6 and the striker part 2 of the striker, moving at the moment of their acceleration in different directions, create two impulses of forces directed in opposite directions, therefore a total impulse of smaller forces is transmitted to the base machine.

Claims (3)

1. Hydropneumatic percussion device for auth. 600265, characterized in that, in order to maintain the operational reliability of the device, its head is made of shock and auxiliary parts, each of which is mounted in a separate cylinder — in the worker and the platoon cylinder, respectively, carries the worker and the brake porches and forms its own walls working and brake chambers, while the brake chamber of the platoon cylinder and the working chamber of the working cylinder are constantly communicating with each other, and the spool is installed in the auxiliary pieces of striker. 2. The device according to Claim 1, vl., And that is so that the cross section of the brake chamber of the platoon cylinder is larger than the cross section of the working Camey s working cylinder, 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder the platoon and working cylinder are parallel to each other, and the hammer and auxiliary parts of the hammer are installed in cylinders with the possibility of opposite movement. "L . -v. . .-, -,. nineteen (rig. 3 13