NL2033613B1 - Preparation method of filament for additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Preparation method of filament for additive manufacturing Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2033613B1
NL2033613B1 NL2033613A NL2033613A NL2033613B1 NL 2033613 B1 NL2033613 B1 NL 2033613B1 NL 2033613 A NL2033613 A NL 2033613A NL 2033613 A NL2033613 A NL 2033613A NL 2033613 B1 NL2033613 B1 NL 2033613B1
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
metallic material
preparation
present
filament
additive manufacturing
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NL2033613A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Li Lu
Zhang Xingguo
Zhang Weichen
Chen Jiyuan
Wang Xiao
Li Chuanyong
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Univ Kunming Science & Technology
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/102Metallic powder coated with organic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/12Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10Pre-treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065Spherical particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of material processing, and provides a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing, including: mixing a 5 non-metallic material and a metallic material, and then obtaining a filament for additive manufacturing by performing continuous extrusion, where the non-metallic material includes a high molecular polymer and a stearic acid. According to the present invention, by continuously extruding a mixture of non-metallic material and metallic material, a polymer in the non-metallic material is melted by using a large amount of 10 heat generated by friction during the continuous extrusion process, thus being wrapped around the metallic material. Since the present invention makes full use of the heat generated by the friction during the continuous extrusion process, there is no need to melt the polymer in advance, thus omitting the step of melting the polymer performed separately, and simplifying the operation flow. 15

Description

PREPARATION METHOD OF FILAMENT FOR ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING
TECHNICAL FIELD
[01] The present invention relates to the technical field of material processing, and in particular, relates to a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing.
BACKGROUND ART
[02] Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, combines computer-aided design, material processing, and prototyping technology. In the additive manufacturing, based on a digital prototype document, by software and a numerical control system, special metallic materials, non-metallic materials, and biomedical materials are deposited by extrusion, sintering, melting, light curing, spraying, and the like, and finally physical articles are manufactured. Different from the conventional processing for removing and cutting filaments and assembling the filaments, the additive manufacturing is a "top-down" manufacturing method based on accumulation of materials. This makes it possible to manufacture complex structural parts that could not be achieved due to the constraints of the conventional manufacturing method. The additive manufacturing is widely concerned since it is driven by three-dimensional data to directly manufacture parts based on the slice-additive principle.
[03] In addition, a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing is generally that the polymer materials are softened at a high temperature provided by a heating device and extruded filament drawing; high-temperature filament materials solidify when cooled, and then are used with metallic materials for additive manufacturing. Since the extrusion pressure can be easily adjusted, this method is widely applied. However, the above preparation method generally requires heating the polymer materials to a certain temperature and a long operation flow.
[04] Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing. The preparation method does not require using a heating device to heat and soften the polymer materials in advance and the operation process is short.
SUMMARY
[05] In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing. The preparation method according to the present invention does not require using a heating device to heat and soften polymer materials in advance, thus simplifying the operation flow.
[06] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[07] the present invention provides a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing, including:
[08] mixing a non-metallic material and a metallic material, and then obtaining a filament for additive manufacturing by performing continuous extrusion, where the non-metallic material includes a high molecular polymer and a stearic acid.
[09] Preferably, the metallic material is a cermet powder.
[10] Preferably, the cermet powder has a particle size of 20-60 um.
[11] Preferably, the metallic material is spherical or approximately spherical.
[12] Preferably, a volume ratio of the non-metallic material to the metallic material is (1-5): (6-8).
[13] Preferably, the continuous extrusion is performed in a continuous extruder.
[14] Preferably, the continuous extruder has a rotation speed of 30-50 rpm.
[15] Preferably, the continuous extruder is preheated.
[16] Preferably, a temperature for the preheating is 130-170°C.
[17] The present invention provides a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing, including: mixing a non-metallic material and a metallic material, and then obtaining a filament for additive manufacturing by performing continuous extrusion, where the non-metallic material includes a high molecular polymer and a stearic acid. According to the present invention, by continuously extruding a mixture of non-metallic material and metallic material, a polymer in the non-metallic material is melted by using a large amount of heat generated by friction during the continuous extrusion process, thus being wrapped around the metallic material. Since the present invention makes full use of the heat generated by the friction during the continuous extrusion process, there is no need to melt the polymer in advance. It can be seen that the preparation method according to the present invention does not require heating and melting the high molecular material in advance, thus simplifying the operation flow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[18] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of a filament for additive manufacturing according to the present invention; and
[19] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the extrusion-wrapping evolution of a metallic material and a non-metallic material during the continuous extrusion process of the materials according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[20] The present invention provides a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing, including: [BI] mixing a non-metallic material and a metallic material, and then obtaining a filament for additive manufacturing by performing continuous extrusion, where the non-metallic material includes a high molecular polymer and a stearic acid.
[22] According to the present invention, a non-metallic material and a metallic material are mixed, and then a filament for additive manufacturing is obtained by performing continuous extrusion.
[23] In the present invention, the non-metallic material includes a high molecular polymer and a stearic acid. In the present invention, the high molecular polymer preferably includes at least three of polyethylene glycol, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl acetate, and more preferably a mixture of at least two of the low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl acetate with polyethylene glycol. In the present invention, the polyethylene glycol is present as a flowable substance having low molecular weight. In the present invention, the low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl acetate are present as substances having high strength. In the present invention, the non-metallic material preferably further includes a paraffin wax. In the present invention, the paraffin wax is present to enhance the flexibility of the tinal product. In the present invention, the stearic acid is present as a surfactant. The amounts of the at least three polymers is not specified in the present invention, and the at least three polymers may be added conventionally depending on the properties of the materials. The amounts of the polymer and the stearic acid are not specified in the present invention, and the polymer and the stearic acid may be added conventionally depending on the properties of the materials.
[24] In the present invention, the metallic material is preferably spherical or approximately spherical. The present invention avoids the adverse impacts of non-spherical materials having lower packing density and higher inter-particle friction on the viscosity of raw materials by selecting spherical or approximately spherical metallic materials.
[25] In the present invention, the metallic material is preferably a cermet powder. In the present invention, the cermet powder preferably has a particle size of 20-60 um, and more preferably 30-50 um. The present invention can improve the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of a filament by selecting cermet powder as a filament formulation and limiting the particle size thereof to the above range.
[26] The source of the non-metallic material and the metallic material is not specified in the present invention, and the non-metallic material and the metallic material may be prepared conventionally or commercially available.
[27] In the present invention, the volume ratio of the non-metallic material to the metallic material is preferably (1-5): (6-8), and more preferably (2-4): (6-8). The present invention limits the amounts of the non-metallic material and the metallic material to the above range, which facilitates obtaining a filament having high density, high tensile strength, high yield strength, and high elongation.
[28] The mixing device is not specified in the present invention, and a mixing 5 device well known to those skilled in the art may be used. The mixing time is not specified in the present invention and may be conventionally set.
[29] In the present invention, the continuous extrusion is preferably performed in a continuous extruder. The continuous extruder is not specified in the present invention, and conventional device capable of performing continuous extrusion may be used.
[30] In the present invention, the continuous extruder is preferably preheated prior to continuous extrusion. In the present invention, a temperature for the preheating is preferably 130-170°C, and more preferably 140-160°C. In the present invention, the holding time of the preheating is preferably 100-150 min, and more preferably 110-140 min. The present invention avoids subcooling of the extruder itself and avoids consuming heat generated by friction during extrusion process by preheating the continuous extruder.
[31] In the present invention, the continuous extruder preferably has a rotation speed of 30-50 rpm, and more preferably 35-45 rpm. The present invention limits the rotation speed of the continuous extrusion to the above range, which facilitates that a polymer in the non-metallic material is melted by using a large amount of heat generated by friction during the continuous extrusion process to be wrapped around the metallic material, thus facilitating obtaining a filament for additive manufacturing with better performance.
[32] After the continuous extrusion, the present invention preferably cools the product of the continuous extrusion. The cooling method is not specified in the present invention, and a cooling method well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
[33] The present invention provides a preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing. By continuously extruding a mixture of non-metallic material and metallic material, a polymer in the non-metallic material is melted by using a large amount of heat generated by friction during the continuous extrusion process, thus being wrapped around the metallic material.
[34] A flowchart of preparing a filament for additive manufacturing according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the raw materials are mixed uniformly in the V-shaped powder mixer and conveyed into the groove of the continuous extrusion wheel, and the mixed powder is brought into the shoe groove of the extrusion die in the rotary motion of the roller; then the polymer powder in the die is crushed, rubbed, melted, and wrapped with the metal powder under the action of friction, and after passing through the die, it is cooled to form a filament.
[35] During the continuous extrusion of the materials according to the present invention, the extrusion-wrapping evolution of metallic material and non-metallic material 1s schematically shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the roller rotates in a clockwise direction, and in the rotary motion of the roller, the materials are brought into the shoe groove of the extrusion die and extruded, and then the materials pass through the die under the action of the extrusion in a horizontal direction.
[36] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the embodiments in the present invention. The described embodiments are only a few, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive work are within the scope of the claims.
[37] Example 1
[38] A preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing is as follows:
[39] raw materials used: paraffin wax PW (Sigma Aldrich, mp is 53-58°C, ASTM
D 87); polyethylene glycol PEG (Sigma Aldrich, a density of 1.2 g/cm’, and a molecular weight of 20000); low-density polyethylene LDPE (Sigma Aldrich, GL 28 thread); polypropylene PP (Sigma Aldrich); stearic acid SA (Sigma Aldrich);
[40] composition of non-metallic materials: 65 wt% PW (paraffin wax) + 12 wt%
PEG + 14 wt% LDPE + 10 wt% PP (polypropylene) + 1 wt% SA;
[41] metallic materials: spherical titanium powder with a purity of 99.9% (an average particle size of 45 um);
[42] the above non-metallic materials and metallic materials were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:7 on a V-shaped powder mixer for 30 minutes, then the obtained mixed raw materials were continuously extruded on a continuous extruder and cooled, and finally a filament for additive manufacturing was obtained; where the continuous extruder was preheated, where a temperature for the preheating was 150°C, and the holding time of the preheating was 120 minutes; and the continuous extruder had a rotation speed of 20 rpm.
[43] The filament for additive manufacturing prepared in Example 1 is tested for performance, and the test results are shown in Table 1. The test refers to the standard for Grade 3in ASTM F2989-13.
[44] Table 1 Performance Test Results of the Filament for Additive Manufacturing
Prepared in Example
[45]
Density/g-cm™ Tensile Yield Elongation/% strength/MPa strength/MPa 4.30 715 5.5
[46] As can be seen from Table 1, a filament for additive manufacturing obtained by the preparation method according to the present invention, has higher density, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
[47] Example 2
[48] A preparation method of a filament for additive manufacturing is as follows:
[49] raw materials used: polyethylene glycol PEG (Sigma Aldrich, a density of 1.2 g/cm’, and a molecular weight of 20000); polyvinyl chloride PPC (Empowermaterials), polymethyl methacrylate PMMA (Chi Mei Co. Ltd, Taiwan); stearic acid SA (Sigma
Aldrich); polyvinyl acetate PVAc (Hao Sheng Plastic Co. Ltd., Shandong);
[50] composition of non-metallic materials: 76 wt% PEG 10000+17 wt% PPC+3 wt% PMMA+2 wt% SA+2 wt% PVAc;
[51] metallic materials: cermet powder of spherical ZrO» with a purity of 99.9% (an average particle size of 30 um); [S2] the above non-metallic materials and metallic materials were mixed in a volume ratio of 3.5:6.5 on a V-shaped powder mixer for 30 minutes, then the obtained mixed raw materials were continuously extruded on a continuous extruder and cooled, and a filament for additive manufacturing was obtained; where the continuous extruder was preheated, where a temperature for the preheating was 120°C, and the holding time of the preheating was 120 minutes; and the continuous extruder had a rotation speed of 40 rpm.
[53] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention hereinafter claimed.

Claims (10)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Bereidingswerkwijze van een filament voor additieve vervaardiging, die het volgende omvat: het mengen van een niet-metalen materiaal en een metalen materiaal, en vervolgens het verkrijgen van een filament voor additieve vervaardiging door het uitvoeren van ononderbroken extrusie, waarbij het niet-metalen materiaal een hoogmoleculair polymeer en een stearinezuur omvat.1. Preparation method of an additive manufacturing filament, which comprises: mixing a non-metallic material and a metallic material, and then obtaining an additive manufacturing filament by carrying out continuous extrusion, wherein the non-metallic material comprises a high molecular weight polymer and a stearic acid. 2. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het hoogmoleculaire polymeer ten minste drie van polyethyleenglycol, polyethyleen met lage dichtheid, polypropyleen, polyvinylchloride, polymethylmethacrylaat en polyvinylacetaat omvat.Preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the high molecular weight polymer comprises at least three of polyethylene glycol, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl acetate. 3. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het metallische materiaal sferisch of ongeveer sferisch is.The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the metallic material is spherical or approximately spherical. 4. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 1 of 3, waarbij het metalen materiaal een cermetpoeder is.Preparation method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the metal material is a cermet powder. 5. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 4, waarbij het cermetpoeder een deeltjesgrootte van 20-60 um heeft.Preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the cermet powder has a particle size of 20-60 µm. 6. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij een volumeverhouding van het niet-metalen materiaal tot het metallische materiaal (1-5):(6-8) is.The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein a volume ratio of the non-metallic material to the metallic material is (1-5):(6-8). 7. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens één van conclusies 1-6, waarbij de ononderbroken extrusie in een continue-extruder uitgevoerd wordt.Preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the continuous extrusion is carried out in a continuous extruder. 8. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 7, waarbij de continue-extruder een rotatiesnelheid van 30-50 rpm heeft.Preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the continuous extruder has a rotation speed of 30-50 rpm. 9. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 7, waarbij de continue-extruder voorverwarmd wordt.9. Preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the continuous extruder is preheated. 10. Bereidingswerkwijze volgens conclusie 9, waarbij een temperatuur voor het voorverwarmen 130-170°C is.Preparation method according to claim 9, wherein a temperature for preheating is 130-170°C.
NL2033613A 2022-07-13 2022-11-25 Preparation method of filament for additive manufacturing NL2033613B1 (en)

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CN202210823113.6A CN115106521B (en) 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Preparation method of wire rod for additive manufacturing

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