CN106280201A - 3 D-printing wire rod - Google Patents
3 D-printing wire rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN106280201A CN106280201A CN201510235718.3A CN201510235718A CN106280201A CN 106280201 A CN106280201 A CN 106280201A CN 201510235718 A CN201510235718 A CN 201510235718A CN 106280201 A CN106280201 A CN 106280201A
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- wire rod
- printing wire
- metal
- powder
- printing
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of 3 D-printing wire rod, and it includes macromolecular material and the metal-powder being distributed in macromolecular material and fortification substance.Fortification substance falls in the range of 5% to 50% at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod.Therefore, the three-dimensional of the present invention is printd and is printed wire rod and not only may utilize fused glass pellet method and formed and have the object of high patience, and the object after molding can be processed as the object with the surface of metallic luster easily, thereby reduces processing procedure required time and cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rapidoprint, particularly relate to a kind of 3 D-printing wire rod.
Background technology
Along with development in science and technology, 3 D-printing (3D printing) technology and increasing material manufacture (Additive
Manufacturing, AM) technology has become as one of technology of main development.These technology above-mentioned belong to
In the one of rapid shaping technique, it can directly come straight by the mathematical model file that user design is good
Connect and produce required finished product, and finished product is almost the 3D solid of arbitrary shape.Mould system in the past
Make, the field such as industrial design, three-dimensional printing technology is typically used to modeling, is the most gradually answered
For jewelry, footwear, industrial design, building, engineering, automobile, aviation, dentistry and medical industries,
In education, civil engineering and other field.
Existing three-dimensional printing technology has multiple different shaping mechanism according to various type and material, lifts
Every liquid resin, slurry, metal (such as metal-powder) or nonmetal (such as ceramic powder) etc.
Material, all can construct the 3D solid of required form, Qi Zhongrong by the way of successively stacking accumulation
Thaw collapse amasss the method for forming (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) and has that cost of manufacture is cheap and device
The characteristic of simple in construction, is often widely used.
But, the manufacturing process of current fused glass pellet method e.g. by general resin, resistance to dragon resin or
Melted fluent material heated into by the wire rods such as moldable resin (filament), then extruded extremely by fluent material
On workbench.It is easily deformed or fragmentation when bearing high temperature or high pressure via the finished product of above-mentioned material institute molding,
And then make the decline of finished product.It addition, in current technology, in order to make fused glass pellet method institute
The finished product manufactured has metallic luster, in addition it is also necessary to polishes, spray paint or the procedure of processing of electroless plating etc., enters
And increase complexity and the manufacturing time of overall process, and the coating or the coating that are generated are also easy because of processing procedure
Condition is difficult to control to and causes thickness the thickest, and then the problem occurring to peel off so that finished product itself accurate
Degree reduces.Therefore, in the exploitation of fused glass pellet method, how can make while time-consuming
The three-dimensional body printed has attractive in appearance, hardness and durability is the most important research theme in this field
One of.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of 3 D-printing wire rod, and its available fused glass pellet method forms good three
Dimension object.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of 3 D-printing wire rod, and it includes macromolecular material and is distributed in
Metal-powder in macromolecular material and fortification substance.Fortification substance is in the weight percent of 3 D-printing wire rod
Than falling in the range of 5% to 50%.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material of above-mentioned fortification substance includes zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, nitrogen
SiClx, carborundum.
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned fortification substance has ceramic powders.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the particle diameter of above-mentioned ceramic powders fall 10 nanometers (nanometer,
Nm) in the range of 50 microns (micrometer, μm).
In an embodiment of the present invention, particle diameter and the 3 D-printing wire rod of above-mentioned ceramic powders are perpendicular to prolong
Stretch the ratio of minimum widith in the cross section in direction less than or equal to 5.7 × 10-4。
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned macromolecular material is at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod
Fall in the range of 20% to 65%.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material of above-mentioned macromolecular material includes acrylonitrile-butadiene-benzene second
Alkene copolymer (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, ABS), polylactic acid (polylactic
Acid, PLA), polypropylene (polypropylene, PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) (high density
Polyethylene, HDPE), nylon (nylon) or the mixture of above-mentioned at least two materials.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material of above-mentioned metal-powder includes stannum, aluminum, zinc, copper, titanium
Or the mixing of above-mentioned material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned metal-powder is big at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod
In equal to 30%.
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned metal-powder has metal dust, the grain of this metal dust
Footpath falls in the range of 1 micron to 50 micron.
Based on above-mentioned, owing to the 3 D-printing wire rod of embodiments of the invention includes having the strong of specific proportioning
Compound matter, the most above-mentioned 3 D-printing wire rod can form the object with high patience.The enforcement of the present invention
The 3 D-printing wire rod that example is proposed not only may utilize fused glass pellet method and forms the thing with high patience
Object after body, and molding can be processed as the object with the surface of metallic luster easily, thereby reduces
Processing procedure required time and cost.
For the features described above of the present invention and advantage can be become apparent, special embodiment below, and coordinate
Accompanying drawing is described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic diagram of 3 D-printing wire rod in embodiments of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100: 3 D-printing wire rod;
110: metal-powder;
120: fortification substance;
130: macromolecular material.
Detailed description of the invention
The 3 D-printing wire rod of embodiments of the invention includes polymer substance and is distributed in macromolecular material
In metal-powder and fortification substance.The fortification substance of the present embodiment and metal-powder can pass through physics side
Formula or chemical mode are mixed in macromolecular material, and the present invention is not limited to this, and above-mentioned fortification substance
Percentage by weight in 3 D-printing wire rod falls in the range of 5% to 50%, preferably percentage by weight
Fall in the range of 10% to 30%.Accordingly, because the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present embodiment is by macromolecule
Material mixing metal-powder and fortification substance, therefore 3 D-printing wire rod is suitable to utilize fused glass pellet method
Stack formation three-dimensional body.Owing to having fortification substance in the material of the three-dimensional body formed, it can
So that three-dimensional body has good crushing resistance and hardness.
On the other hand, owing to the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present embodiment has metal-powder, the most above-mentioned three
Dimension object surface via polishing after can have metallic luster, make three-dimensional body surface processing cost and
Required time is greatly reduced.
Specifically, above-mentioned fortification substance has higher crushing resistance and hardness.When fortification substance is three
When dimension prints the percentage by weight in wire rod less than 5%, the three-dimensional article that above-mentioned 3 D-printing wire rod is formed
Body is easily deformed or fragmentation in the environment of high temperature or high pressure, and the toughness of above-mentioned three-dimensional body and wear-resisting
Spend relatively low.When metal dust percentage by weight in 3 D-printing wire rod is less than 30%, above-mentioned three
Dimension prints the surface of the three-dimensional body that wire rod is formed and will be unable to form smooth metal light by grinding
Pool, that is discontinuous surface texture can be formed.Content is more than the fortification substance of percentage by weight 50% also
It is difficult to be mixed in 3 D-printing powder body with metal-powder and macromolecular material well, and too high levels
Fortification substance also results in 3 D-printing wire rod cannot be extruded into line.Accordingly, because embodiments of the invention
In fortification substance percentage by weight in 3 D-printing wire rod fall in the range of 5% to 50%, described
The three-dimensional body that 3 D-printing wire rod is formed can have good crushing resistance and hardness, simultaneously can be through
By being simply processed to form smooth metal glossy surface.
Furthermore, it is understood that the fortification substance of the 3 D-printing wire rod of embodiments of the invention has ceramic powders,
Its material includes zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, carborundum, silicon nitride or other ceramic materials.Due to above-mentioned
Ceramic material has high temperature resistant, the high pressure resistant and characteristic of high intensity, the 3 D-printing wire rod institute of the present embodiment
The three-dimensional body formed can also have good intensity, and then makes three-dimensional body at high temperature, the ring of high pressure
Border will not deform or fragmentation.
On the other hand, owing to the fortification substance of the present embodiment has above-mentioned ceramic material, obtain via suitable
Allotment, the fortification substance of the present embodiment can also have the function of releasing far infrared (Far Infrared),
And then the three-dimensional body making the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present embodiment be formed also has releasing far infrared merit
Energy.
The ceramic powders that the fortification substance of the present embodiment is such as formed by Nano Ceramic Particles, its particle diameter falls
In the range of 10 nanometers to 50 micron, therefore can suitably be distributed in macromolecular material.Specifically
For, the particle diameter of above-mentioned ceramic powders and 3 D-printing wire rod are perpendicular to the minimum in the cross section of bearing of trend
The ratio of width is less than or equal to 5.7 × 10-4, therefore ceramic powders can have good in 3 D-printing wire rod
Good distribution scenario, can also have forming nature well during fused glass pellet simultaneously.
It should be noted that above-mentioned Nano Ceramic Particles and particle diameter thereof are mainly described in the present embodiment
The fortification substance in 3 D-printing wire rod kenel before mixing with macromolecular material, is not limited to
The kenel of the ceramic powders in fortification substance and particle diameter in mixed 3 D-printing wire rod.Fig. 1 be according to
The schematic diagram of 3 D-printing wire rod in embodiments of the invention.For example, refer to Fig. 1, at this
In bright embodiment, metal-powder 110 and the fortification substance 120 of 3 D-printing wire rod 100 are distributed in height
In molecular material 130, and the fortification substance 120 e.g. Nano Ceramic Particles of the present embodiment, its part
Reunite in macromolecular material 130, but the invention is not restricted to this.In other embodiments, strengthening is formed
The formal distribution that the particle of material 120 can also partly disperse, part is reunited is in macromolecular material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, macromolecular material falls at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod
In the range of 20% to 65%.If macromolecular material is less than 20% at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod,
Then fortification substance and metal powder cognition cannot be mixed in 3 D-printing wire rod because of too high levels, and then
Metal-powder and fortification substance is caused to residue in beyond forming area during 3 D-printing.If macromolecule
Material is higher than 65% at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod, then formed by described 3 D-printing wire rod
Three-dimensional article know from experience there is the discontinuous surface texture of metallic luster.
It addition, the material of above-mentioned macromolecular material includes acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, ABS), polylactic acid (polylactic acid,
PLA), polypropylene (polypropylene, PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) (high density polyethylene,
HDPE), nylon (nylon) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the mixture of above-mentioned at least two materials.Namely
Saying, macromolecular material can be used alone a kind of compound, it is possible to is used in mixed way two or more compounds.
Specifically, when macromolecular material is mixture, macromolecular material can be acrylonitrile-butadiene-benzene second
Alkene copolymer and the mixture of polylactic acid, polylactic acid and polyacrylic mixture or polylactic acid/polyamine-epichlorhydrine
Resin (polylactic acid/polyamine-epichlorohydrin is called for short PLA/PED), polylactic acid/
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoates is called for short PLA/PHA),
(polylactic acid/polyethylene adipate is called for short polylactic acid/polyethylene adipate
PLA/PEA), polylactic acid/poly-(1,4-butylene adipate ester) (polylactic acid/poly (1,4-butylene
Adipate), be called for short PLA/PBA), polylactic acid/poly-N,N-DMAA (polylactic
Acid/poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide), be called for short PLA/PDEA), polylactic acid/poly-(metering system
Acid methyl ester) (polylactic acid/polymethyl methacrylate is called for short PLA/PMMA).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal-powder of 3 D-printing wire rod is in the weight of 3 D-printing wire rod
Percentage ratio is more than or equal to 30%, and preferably percentage by weight falls in the range of 50% to 75%.If metal
Powder body is less than 30% at the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing wire rod, then three formed by 3 D-printing wire rod
Dimension object will be unable to smooth metallic luster is ground.If metal-powder is in the weight hundred of 3 D-printing wire rod
Proportion by subtraction is higher than 75%, then the metal-powder that content is the highest will be unable to be woven in 3 D-printing wire rod, and then
Metal-powder is caused to residue in beyond forming area during 3 D-printing.
In the present embodiment, the material of metal-powder such as includes stannum, aluminum, zinc, copper, titanium or above-mentioned material
The mixing of matter.Furthermore, it is understood that metal-powder can be pre-alloyed powder or the mixing of above-mentioned metal material
Powder.Specifically, when the pre-alloyed powder that metal-powder is above-mentioned metal material, ball milling can be passed through
The powder of above-mentioned metal material is carried out machine high speed ball milling so that both produce mechanical alloying obtains.When
When metal-powder is the mixed-powder of above-mentioned metal material, can be by the powder of above-mentioned metal material be stirred
Uniformly obtain.
It addition, the particle diameter of the metal dust in metal-powder such as falls in the range of 1 micron to 50 micron,
Preferably particle diameter falls in the range of 5 microns to 30 microns.Therefore the metal dust of the present embodiment can be fitted
Locality is mixed in macromolecular material.
What deserves to be explained is, the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present embodiment is applicable to fused glass pellet method or class
3 D-printing processing procedure like technology.It is to say, utilize 3 D-printing device the three-dimensional of the present embodiment to be beaten
After print wire rod melts and extrudes, the three-dimensional body successively stacked out.
Furthermore, during by the macromolecular material of the present embodiment is heated to more than its melt temperature,
The macromolecular material after Rong Rong with suitable viscosity can be coated with metal-powder and fortification substance so that molten
The 3 D-printing wire rod formed after melting still has unoxidized metal material, and then forms good line
Material material.Consequently, it is possible to the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present embodiment is when carrying out 3 D-printing, above-mentioned three
Dimension printing wire rod is when extruding by suitable pressure, and metal-powder and fortification substance can be avoided because of residual
And the obstruction of the e.g. extruder head caused, additionally it is possible to directly obtain after polishing and there is metallic luster
Product, and then while reducing cost and processing time, the three-dimensional body formed can have good
Good intensity and outward appearance.
On the other hand, the three-dimensional body that the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present embodiment is formed can also be by such as
Be the mode again sintered to remove macromolecular material, but premise is high molecular weight, and percentage ratio is less than
40%.Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the fortification substance of 3 D-printing wire rod, there is ceramic powders
Time, the three-dimensional body after above-mentioned sintering again can have pottery and metal material simultaneously, and remove high score
The three-dimensional body of sub-material has porous surface, and then provides more application.That is the three of the present embodiment
Dimension print the surface of three-dimensional body that wire rod formed can by process easily have multiple different
Characteristic.
Hereinafter, the 3 D-printing wire rod of the present invention is used to enter explanation as a example by fused glass pellet method
The program of row 3 D-printing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal-powder of proper proportion, fortification substance and macromolecular material quilt
It is heated above the temperature (about 180 DEG C to 220 DEG C) of the melt temperature of macromolecular material and carries out mixing,
To obtain fluent material.Mixing method e.g. uses mixing roll collocation ejaculator or plastic injection machine
Deng device carry out.The viscosity of fluent material e.g. 105Cps to 108cps.Then, by described stream
Body material is extruded as 3 D-printing wire rod.The method of extrusion e.g. uses the device of plastic injection machine etc.
Carry out.
Then 3 D-printing wire rod is inserted the appearance of the three-dimensional printer of e.g. Deltabox, Prusa i3 etc.
Putting in groove, 3 D-printing wire rod is heated above the temperature (about 180 DEG C of the melt temperature of macromolecular material
To 220 DEG C) after, with suitable pressure by the 3 D-printing wire rod in molten condition by extruder head extrude to
On workbench, it is then made to solidify.Above-mentioned three-dimensional printer comes successively by repeatedly performing above-mentioned steps
Stack out the three-dimensional body to be formed.
It addition, in the program of the above embodiments, although 3 D-printing material can first carry out mixing and make
Just carry out fused glass pellet method with the form of wire rod after becoming 3 D-printing wire rod, but the present invention is not limited to
This.In other embodiments of the invention, above-mentioned 3 D-printing material can also first mix in appropriate proportions
Close.The method of mixing e.g. uses the physics mode of blender, agitator etc. to be stirred.Then,
Obtained 3 D-printing material is inserted e.g. Deltabox, Prusa i3 etc. the most in the form of a powder
Three-dimensional printer storage tank in, and equally with the temperature of the melt temperature higher than macromolecular material (about
180 DEG C to 220 DEG C) 3 D-printing material is heated, to obtain viscosity e.g. 105cps to 108
The fluent material of cps.Afterwards, the making of three-dimensional body is carried out equally with the step identical with foregoing routine.
In sum, the 3 D-printing wire rod of embodiments of the invention includes the reinforcer with specific proportioning
Matter and macromolecular material, the three-dimensional body that the most above-mentioned 3 D-printing wire rod is formed has good resistance to compression
Characteristic and intensity, can also have the characteristic of the material of fortification substance simultaneously.Embodiments of the invention are carried
The 3 D-printing wire rod gone out not only may utilize the formation of fused glass pellet method and has high anti-compression property and high rigidity
Object, the object of above-mentioned 3 D-printing wire rod institute molding can also be processed as having metallic luster easily
The object on surface, thereby reduce processing procedure required time and cost.
Last it is noted that various embodiments above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, rather than right
It limits;Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments, this area common
Skilled artisans appreciate that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it,
Or the most some or all of technical characteristic is carried out equivalent;And these amendments or replacement, and
The essence not making appropriate technical solution departs from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a 3 D-printing wire rod, it is characterised in that including:
Macromolecular material;
Metal-powder;And
Fortification substance, wherein said metal-powder and described fortification substance are distributed in described macromolecular material,
And described fortification substance falls in the range of 5% to 50% at the percentage by weight of described 3 D-printing wire rod.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described fortification substance
Material includes zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, carborundum, silicon nitride.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described fortification substance has
There is ceramic powders.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described ceramic powders
Particle diameter falls in the range of 10 nanometers to 50 micron.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described ceramic powders
The ratio of the minimum widith that particle diameter and described 3 D-printing wire rod are perpendicular to the cross section of bearing of trend is less than or equal to
5.7×10-4。
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described macromolecular material
Percentage by weight at described 3 D-printing wire rod falls in the range of 20% to 65%.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described macromolecular material
Material include acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer ABS, polylactic acid PLA, polypropylene PP, height
Density polyethylene HDPE, nylon or the mixture of above-mentioned at least two materials.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described metal-powder
Material includes stannum, aluminum, zinc, copper, titanium or the mixing of above-mentioned at least two materials.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described metal-powder exists
The percentage by weight of described 3 D-printing wire rod is more than or equal to 30%.
3 D-printing wire rod the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described metal-powder
Having metal dust, the particle diameter of described metal dust falls in the range of 1 micron to 50 micron.
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CN106832838A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-13 | 金旸(厦门)新材料科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to polish in the 3D printing material and methods for making and using same of metal appearance |
CN107673763A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-09 | 西北工业大学 | The method for preparing ceramic structures by fused glass pellet 3D printing using thermoplasticity ceramic forerunner |
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CN108033800A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-15 | 南京旭羽睿材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing boron nitride ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (8)
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CN106832838A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-13 | 金旸(厦门)新材料科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to polish in the 3D printing material and methods for making and using same of metal appearance |
CN107673763A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-09 | 西北工业大学 | The method for preparing ceramic structures by fused glass pellet 3D printing using thermoplasticity ceramic forerunner |
CN107936456A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-20 | 南京旭羽睿材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing fibre modification ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
CN108033793A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-15 | 南京旭羽睿材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing silicon nitride ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
CN108033800A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-15 | 南京旭羽睿材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing boron nitride ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
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