NL2030828B1 - A thin film energy storage device - Google Patents

A thin film energy storage device Download PDF

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NL2030828B1
NL2030828B1 NL2030828A NL2030828A NL2030828B1 NL 2030828 B1 NL2030828 B1 NL 2030828B1 NL 2030828 A NL2030828 A NL 2030828A NL 2030828 A NL2030828 A NL 2030828A NL 2030828 B1 NL2030828 B1 NL 2030828B1
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layer
energy storage
elastic
sublayer
storage device
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NL2030828A
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Kornev Alexander
Shumskaya Alena
Kostevitch Siarhei
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Real Scientists Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/02—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/46—Metal oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/666—Composites in the form of mixed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings

Abstract

The present invention relates to energy storage devices having thin film multi-layer elastic structures. The energy storage device comprises a thin film elastic anode layer (10) comprising 5 an electroconductive elastic sublayer (11) and an active metal sublayer (12); a thin film elastic cathode layer (20) comprising an electroconductive elastic sublayer (21) and an active metal sublayer (22); a thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) arranged therebetween; and a dielectric layer (40) applied to a non-active side of the cathode layer (20) and/or a non-active side of anode layer (10). The anode layer (10) and cathode layer (20) are made of electroconductive 10 thermally expanded carbon interspersed With metal nanoparticles. The electrolyte layer (30) comprises two sublayers (31) made of polymer composition matrix, containing conductive polymer polyaniline in elastic polymer polyvinyl alcohol with carbon or silicon nanoparticles, to ensure high electroconductivity of the electrolyte. 15 20

Description

A THIN FILM ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE
Field of the invention
[001] The present invention relates to energy storage devices, especially to solid state energy storage devices which may operate in as an accumulator or a capacitor.
Background of the invention
[002] The prior art discloses various solid state batteries. A solid-state battery is a battery technology that uses solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte, instead of the liquid or polymer gel electrolytes found in lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries. Solid-state batteries can provide potential solutions to many problems of liquid Li-ion battery, such as flammability, limited voltage, unstable solid-electrolyte interphase formation, poor cycling performance.
Operation under low temperature is a challenge. (WO 2019/241869 Al, CN105958116B,
US8557445B2, KR20190130171A). Nevertheless, multiple issues are associated with the solid-state batteries. Solid-state batteries are yet expensive to make. High interfacial resistance between a cathode and solid electrolyte has been a long-standing problem for solid-state batteries, as well as the interfacial instability of the electrode-electrolyte layers.
[003] One of the main problems with solid electrolytic capacitors having structure cathode- polymer-anode is electro-conductivity of such electrolytes, electro resistance between the layers. It drives overheating of the structure and crystallization processes accompanied with increase tensions between the layers. Resulting in high risk of destruction of such energy storage devices or reduction of their volumetric stability in charge-discharge cycles.
[004] High cost of production of solid-state batteries is driven by complexity of machinery and cost of raw materials and complication of technologies applied (10.1002/elsa.202100167,
US8951678B2, US8574772B2, US8357470B2). In this regard, the need to abandon lithium- containing electrolytes and use more accessible metal salts (Journal of The Electrochemical
Society, 166, (13) A3031-A3044 (2019), 10.14716/ijtech.v9i6.2502, 10.14716/ijtech.v916.25026 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.016).
[005] Use of nanostructures may allow to obtain an extended active surface of the target metal, which increases the efficiency of an energy storage device (“Large-format Battery Anodes
Comprising Silicon Particles,” No. 21179222, AU2019240681B2). Modern battery cells use an interlayer hydrogel design in which the cathode, anode and electrolyte are coiled together and have a cathode outlet and an anode outlet for connection to the positive and negative terminals of the battery’s cell. Providing the shortest path to connect the large number of the anodic and cathodic outputs will reduce the internal ohmic resistance of the structure. The formation of a hight capacity battery from such structures is also an challenge, since it is necessary to reduce the ohmic resistance of big number of contacts in order to obtain the required current-voltage characteristics of the device (US7671565B26 10.1063/1.4961900).
[006] Production of environmentally friendly accumulators and capacitors is also big challenge of the industry.
[007] Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the field of solid state batteries. Aim of the invention is to reduce or eliminate aforementioned drawbacks.
Summary of the invention
[008] The goal is achieved through a design of the energy storage device in the form of a multilayer thin film elastic structure and combination of nanostructured and polymer materials.
The energy storage device comprises: an anode layer comprisingelastic electroconductive thin film of thermally expanded carbon with coated agglomerates of anode metal and oxide of the metal nanoparticles of size 50-100 nm on active side of it facing electrolyte, a cathode layer comprises as well of the elastic electroconductive thin film of thermally expanded carbon with coated agglomerates of cathode metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles of size 50-100 nm on side of it facing electrolyte, and anelastic and conductive polymer electrolyte layer with nanoparticles of silicon or carbon and optionally nanometals dispersed in it, located between active sides of the anode and the cathode layers.
[009] The thickness of the anode and cathode layers are in the range from 20 to 30 microns.
Key properties of the layers are as follows: - the films of thermo expanded carbon have high electric conductivity and used as conductor; - the film has fibrous structure with scaly surface; and -the agglomerations of nano metal structures on active sides of the anode and cathode provide for highly expended surface area interfacing the electrolyte to maximize capacity of the energy storage element.
[010] The pairs of anode and cathode metals are selected to maximize potential difference.
Applying different pairs of the metal results in different properties of the devices for various use cases and applications. For example, use silver for anode and iron or copper for cathode provides for ecofriendly energy storage devices.
[011] The anode metal can be selected from the group including silver, platinum, iron, nickel, cobalt, gold, copper, and the cathode metal is selected from the group including copper, iron, nickel, cobalt or zinc.
[012] The electrolyte layer comprises of elastic Polyvinyl alcohol matrix interspersed with carbon or silicon nanoparticles covered with polyaniline to increase conductivity. Solution of salt is dispersed in the electrolyte structure to provide for ion exchanger during charge or discharge cycles. The salts can be selected from the group comprising NaCl or KCl or MgCl or LiF. The use of polyaniline is a distinctive feature of the proposed structure and allows for increased conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte. Polyvinyl alcohol forms an elastic matrix- base for the electrolyte, in addition, being a hydrogel, such a matrix also increases electroconductive properties.
[013] The carbon or silicon nanoparticles inside of electrolyte can be covered by nano metal dendrites like silver in order to increase conductivity of the electrolyte 20-50 times.
[014] Dielectric layer is applied on the inactive side of the anode layer and/or on the inactive side of the cathode layer.
[015] In another embodiment of the invention the device further comprises flexible layers with nanostructured anode layer, cathode layer and electrolyte layer introduced into the flexible polymer layers.
[016] A polyaniline may be added to each of the layers to increase their conductivity and elasticity.
[017] The principle of operation of the proposed energy storage device is as follows. During the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, metal and/or non-metal nanoparticles are formed on the electrode layers in a mixture with their oxides. When current is applied during charging cycle, electrons pass through an external electrical circuit from the anode to the cathode. The following reactions occur:
Anode: Me(A) — ne — Me"
Cathode: MeOn(C) + &% — Mell} mH:0
Electrolyte: Na’ + CU + 2HoQ ++ [Me(A}]Cl + 2H: 0°
[018] During discharge, the reactions go in the opposite direction with the formation of metal oxides on cathode side
[019] Due to the nanoparticles in the electrolyte, it is possible to change the conductivity of the electrolyte. This allows switch on or off the device, as well as change its operation mode transterring it from the battery mode to the capacitor mode and vice versa.
[020] The device has the following properties: service life 10 years or more; easy to manufacture; use environmentally friendly materials, working temperature range is from -75°C to +100 °C; resistant to deep discharges and overcharges; the number of charge-discharge cycles, depending on the operating conditions, is up to 1.5 * 10° times.
Brief description of the drawings
[021] The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments of the invention.
[022] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of layers (10; 20; 30; 40) of an energy storage device and battery coil formed from said layers (10; 20; 30; 40).
[023] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a multi-layer energy storage device.
[024] Fig. 3 1s an image of a thermally expanded carbon.
[025] Fig. 4 1s a schematic view of a thermally expanded carbon electrodes covered with a agglomerated structure of metal nanoparticles.
[026] Fig. 5 is an image of nanoparticles of silver on a thermally expanded carbon.
[027] Fig. 6 is an image of nanoparticles of iron on a thermally expanded carbon.
[028] Fig. 7 is an image of a polymer electrolyte (30) with carbon nanoparticles in a NaCl +
PANI + PVA matrix.
[029] Fig. 8. Silicon microparticles with silver nanoforest.
Detailed description of the embodiments
[030] The preferred embodiments of the invention are now described with reference to the figures to illustrate objectives, advantages, and efficiency of the present invention.
[031] The energy storage device is a multilayer structure or package. An energy storage device comprises a thin film elastic anode layer (10) comprising an electroconductive elastic sublayer (11) and an active metal sublayer (12); a thin film elastic cathode layer (20) comprising an electroconductive elastic sublayer (21) and an active metal sublayer (22); and a thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) arranged between the active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and the active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20). A dielectric layer (40) is applied to a non-active side of the cathode layer (20) and/or a non-active side of anode layer (10) forming multilayer structure of an energy storage device. The thin film elastic anode layer (10) and cathode layer (20) are made of electroconductive thermally expanded carbon with extended/increased contacting area interspersed with additional layer of metal nanoparticle conglomerations. Size of nanoparticles is in the range of 50-100 nm, in result of which forming active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20). The thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) comprises two sublayers (31) sticked to each other. One sublayer (31) is arranged on a side of the active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and another sublayer (31) is arranged on side of the active metal sublayer (22) 5 ofthe cathode layer (20). Each sublayer (31) is made of polymer composition matrix containing conductive polymer polyaniline in elastic polymer polyvinyl alcohol with carbon or silicon nanoparticles interspersed with metal nanoforest, to ensure high electroconductivity of the electrolyte. The resulting elastic "sandwich" can be twisted to achieve compactness and strength as it is necessary for cylindrically-shaped devices. To create contacts, the anode and cathode are displaced relative to each other (see Fig 1).
[032] In another embodiment of the invention the energy storage device is made in the form of a flat multilayer structure, comprising three packages placed on a solid plastic substrate (50) strengthening the overall structure. The anode and cathode contact pads of the packages are connected respectively (see Fig. 2).
[033] Fig. 3 shows an SEM image of elongated micro-sized particles of thermally expanded carbon, which is a flaky structure of carbon layers. This layer is part of the solid anode layer (10) and the solid-state cathode layer (20).
[034] Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the solid-state energy storage device as seen in
Figs. 1 and 2. The solid-state anode layer (10) and the solid-state cathode layer (20) comprises of an electrically conductive layer of thermally expanded carbon particles, which contains agglomerates of nanoparticles, respectively, of the anode or cathode metal. solid-state anode layer (10) and the solid-state cathode layer (20) are connected by the electrolyte layer (30) representing a composition of micro-sized particles of carbon or silicon coated with a layer of metal nanoparticles coated with a conductive polymer (polyaniline) contained in a polymer hydrogel matrix containing sodium, potassium, magnesium or lithium salts.
[035] Fig. 5 represents SEM images of thermally expanded carbon with settled agglomerates of nanosized metal particles, which is silver. This thermally expanded carbon is part of the solid-state anode layer (10) and the solid-state cathode layer (20). Fig. 6 represents SEM images of thermally expanded carbon with settled agglomerates of nanosized metal particles, which are iron and iron oxide. This thermally expanded carbon is also a part of the solid-state anode layer (10) and the solid-state cathode layer (20). Fig. 7 represents SEM images of a composite material for creating an electrolyte consisting of carbon particles in metal nanoparticles coated with a solution of the composition of NaCl, polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol. Fig. 8 shows a micro-sized grain of crushed single-crystal silicon with deposited branched silver nanostructures — nanowires.
[036] While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments of which have been shown by way of example in the figures and have been described in detail herein, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
EMBODIMENTS
1. An energy storage device is a thin film multi-layer elastic structure comprising: a thin film elastic anode layer (10) comprising an electroconductive elastic sublayer (11) and an active metal sublayer (12); a thin film elastic cathode layer (20) comprising an electroconductive elastic sublayer (21) and an active metal sublayer (22); and a thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) arranged between the active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and the active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20), a dielectric layer (40) is applied to a non-active side of the cathode layer (20) and/or a non-active side of anode layer (10) forming multilayer structure of an energy storage device, wherein the thin film elastic anode layer (10) and cathode layer (20) are made of electroconductive thermally expanded carbon with extended contacting area interspersed with additional layer of metal nanoparticle conglomerations, where a size of nanoparticles is in the range of 50-100 nm, in result of which forming active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20), and wherein the thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) comprises two sublayers (31) sticked to each other, wherein one sublayer (31) is arranged on a side of the active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and another sublayer (31) 1s arranged on side of the active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20), wherein each sublayer (31) is made of polymer composition matrix, containing conductive polymer polyaniline in elastic polymer polyvinyl alcohol with carbon or silicon nanoparticles interspersed with metal nanoforest, to ensure high electroconductivity of the electrolyte. 2. The energy storage device according to any of claim 1, characterized in that the anode metal is selected from the group comprising silver, platinum, iron, nickel, cobalt, gold, copper and the cathode metal is selected from the group comprising copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and the pairs are selected to maximize potential difference between the metals.
3. The energy storage device according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the electrolyte layer (30) is an elastic structure of polyvinyl alcohol, with carbon or silicon nano particles, covered in conductive polyaniline, dispersed in it, wherein the electrolyte layer has extended volume area contacting active sublayers of anode and cathode layers due to their nanostructured morphology.
4. The energy storage device according to any of claims | to 3, characterized in that electrolyte layer (30) includes a polyaniline increasing the conductivity.
5. The energy storage device according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that salts of metals are mixed with polyaniline to enhance ion exchanger during charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage device, wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of NaCl or KCI or MgCl or LiF
6. The energy storage device according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carbon or silicon nano particles dispersed in the electrolyte can be covered by dendrites of silver nano metal.

Claims (6)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Een energieopslagapparaat is een dunne-film meerlaagse elastische structuur die omvat: een dunne film elastische anodelaag (10) omvattende een elektrisch geleidende elastische sublaag (11) en een actieve metalen sublaag (12), een dunne film elastische kathodelaag (20) omvattende een elektrisch geleidende elastische sublaag (21) en een actieve metalen sublaag (22); en een dunne film elastische elektrolytlaag (30) aangebracht tussen de actieve metalen sublaag (12) van de anodelaag (10) en de actieve metalen sublaag (22) van de kathodelaag (20), een diëlektrische laag (40) is aangebracht op een niet-actieve zijde van de kathodelaag (20) en/of een niet-actieve zijde van de anodelaag (10) die een meerlagige structuur van een energieopslagapparaat vormt, waarbij de dunne-film elastische anodelaag (10) en kathodelaag (20) zijn vervaardigd uit elektrisch geleidende thermisch geëxpandeerde koolstof met een uitgebreid contactoppervlak afgewisseld met een extra laag metalen nanodeeltjesconglomeraties, waarbij een grootte van nanodeeltjes in het bereik van 50-100 nm ligt , waardoor een actieve metalen sublaag (12) van de anodelaag (10) en een actieve metalen sublaag (22) van de kathodelaag (20) vormen, en waarbij de dunne film elastische elektrolytlaag (30) twee aan elkaar gekleefde sublagen (31) omvat, waarbij een sublaag (31) is aangebracht aan een zijde van de actieve metalen sublaag (12) van de anodelaag (10) en een andere sublaag (31) is aangebracht aan de zijkant van de actieve metalen onderlaag (22) van de kathodelaag (20), waarbij elke sublaag (31) is gemaakt van een polymeersamenstellingsmatrix, die geleidend polymeer polyaniline omvat in elastisch polymeer polyvinylalcohol met koolstof- of siliciumnanodeeltjes afgewisseld met metalen nanoforest, om een hoge elektrische geleidbaarheid van de elektrolyt te waarborgen.1. An energy storage device is a thin film multilayer elastic structure comprising: a thin film elastic anode layer (10) comprising an electrically conductive elastic sublayer (11) and an active metal sublayer (12), a thin film elastic cathode layer (20) comprising an electrically conductive elastic sublayer (21) and an active metal sublayer (22); and a thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) disposed between the active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and the active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20), a dielectric layer (40) is disposed on a non active side of the cathode layer (20) and/or an inactive side of the anode layer (10) constituting a multilayer structure of an energy storage device, the thin-film elastic anode layer (10) and cathode layer (20) being made of electrically conductive thermally expanded carbon with an extensive contact area interspersed with an additional layer of metal nanoparticle conglomerations, where nanoparticle size is in the range of 50-100 nm, creating an active metal sublayer (12) of the anode layer (10) and an active metal sublayer (22) of the cathode layer (20), and wherein the thin film elastic electrolyte layer (30) comprises two sublayers (31) adhered together, a sublayer (31) being provided on one side of the active metal sublayer (12 ) of the anode layer (10) and another sub-layer (31) is provided on the side of the active metal sub-layer (22) of the cathode layer (20), each sub-layer (31) being made of a polymer composition matrix, which is conductive polymer polyaniline comprises in elastic polymer polyvinyl alcohol with carbon or silicon nanoparticles interspersed with metal nanoforest, to ensure high electrical conductivity of the electrolyte. 2. Energieopslaginrichting volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat het anodemetaal is gekozen uit de groep omvattende zilver, platina, ijzer, nikkel, kobalt, goud, koper en het kathodemetaal 1s gekozen uit de groep omvattende koper, ijzer, nikkel, kobalt, zink en de paren zijn geselecteerd om het potentiaalverschil tussen de metalen te maximaliseren.2. An energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode metal is selected from the group comprising silver, platinum, iron, nickel, cobalt, gold, copper and the cathode metal is selected from the group comprising copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc and the pairs are selected to maximize the potential difference between the metals. 3. Energieopslaginrichting volgens een van de conclusies | tot en met 2, met het kenmerk, dat de elektrolytlaag (30) een elastische structuur van polyvinylalcohol is, met daarin gedispergeerde koolstof- of siliciumnanodeeltjes, bedekt met geleidend polyaniline, waarbij de elektrolytlaag een groter volumegebied heeft die contact maakt met actieve sublagen van anode- en kathodelagen vanwege hun nanogestructureerde morfologie.An energy storage device according to any one of claims | to 2, characterized in that the electrolyte layer (30) is an elastic structure of polyvinyl alcohol, with carbon or silicon nanoparticles dispersed therein, covered with conductive polyaniline, the electrolyte layer having a larger volume area contacting active sub-layers of anode - and cathode layers due to their nanostructured morphology. 4. Energieopslaginrichting volgens één van de conclusies 1 tot en met 3, met het kenmerk, dat de elektrolytlaag (30) een polyaniline omvat dat de geleidbaarheid verhoogt.An energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrolyte layer (30) comprises a polyaniline that increases conductivity. 5. Energieopslagapparaat volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 4, met het kenmerk, dat zouten van metalen zijn gemengd met polyaniline om de ionenwisselaar te verbeteren tijdens laad- en ontlaadcycli van het energieopslagapparaat, waarbij het zout is gekozen uit de groep omvattende NaCl of KCI of MgCl of LiFAn energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that salts of metals are mixed with polyaniline to improve the ion exchange during charge and discharge cycles of the energy storage device, the salt being selected from the group comprising NaCl or KCl or MgCl or LiF 6. Energieopslaginrichting volgens één van de conclusies 1 tot en met 5, met het kenmerk, dat de in de elektrolyt gedispergeerde koolstof- of siliciumnanodeeltjes door dendrieten van zilvernanometaal kunnen worden bedekt.Energy storage device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carbon or silicon nanoparticles dispersed in the electrolyte can be covered by dendrites of silver nanometal.
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