NL2010955C2 - Thermostat with display module. - Google Patents

Thermostat with display module. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2010955C2
NL2010955C2 NL2010955A NL2010955A NL2010955C2 NL 2010955 C2 NL2010955 C2 NL 2010955C2 NL 2010955 A NL2010955 A NL 2010955A NL 2010955 A NL2010955 A NL 2010955A NL 2010955 C2 NL2010955 C2 NL 2010955C2
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
temperature
thermostat
display
display module
measuring device
Prior art date
Application number
NL2010955A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Other versions
NL2010955A (en
Inventor
Ingmar Knie
Martin Klinger
Original Assignee
Honeywell Technologies Sarl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell Technologies Sarl filed Critical Honeywell Technologies Sarl
Publication of NL2010955A publication Critical patent/NL2010955A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2010955C2 publication Critical patent/NL2010955C2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
    • F24D19/1018—Radiator valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1902—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the use of a variable reference value
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0257—Thermostatic valves

Abstract

A thermostat 1 includes a temperature measuring device 27 and a display module 9 including a display screen. The thermostat regulates temperature in response to an output from the temperature measuring device, the output being dependent upon the temperature of the screen. The module may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) (17, figures 2 and 3a-b), whereby the screen is a transparent glass screen of the LCD. The temperature measuring device may comprise an NTC thermistor that senses the temperature of a first flexible printed circuit board (FPC) 25 that is thermally coupled to a second FPC 29 in contact with the screen. Since the two FPCs have a relatively high contact surface area of conductive tracks (24, figure 2), they make effective thermal conductors and so the temperature of the first and second FPCs substantially match the temperature of the screen. The thermostat may be a thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) used to control the air temperature of a room.

Description

Thermostat with display module Technical Field
The present invention relates to thermostats, and more preferably to thermostats for regulating air temperature.
Background of the Invention
It is desirable for a thermostat to be able to accurately measure the surrounding temperature (for example of a room in a building), and to be able to quickly measure changes in that temperature.
In some known thermostat designs, a device for measuring temperature is located inside the housing of the thermostat. The temperature measuring device is exposed to the surrounding environment by the provision of ventilation slots in the housing of the thermostat. However, such an arrangement may exhibit relatively poor accuracy/responsiveness because the heat dissipated by internal electronics in the thermostat falsifies the reading, and/or the temperature measuring device is too far from the slots (such that there is a poor slew rate). Furthermore, the provision of slots is disadvantageous because it tends to reduce the thermostat’s dust/humidity rating (IPx rating).
Leaded temperature measuring components placed close to the slots have been suggested. However these require an accurate manual manufacturing process which tends to be undesirable.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention seeks to reduce or mitigate at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a thermostat for regulating temperature in response to an output from a device for measuring temperature, the thermostat comprising: (i) the device for measuring temperature, and (ii) a display module for providing a display, the display module comprising a display screen through which the display may be viewed, and wherein the thermostat is arranged such that the output from the device for measuring temperature is dependent on the temperature of the display screen. The invention recognises that the temperature of the display screen can be used to provide a relatively accurate indication of the surrounding temperature, thereby mitigating some of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The display module preferably includes an electronic display. The electronic display is preferably a liquid crystal display (LCD). In principle, the display provided by the display module may show any type of data or information. The display may show operating information of the thermostat (for example temperature, target temperature, operating mode etc.)
The display screen is preferably a transparent screen. The transparent screen is preferably directly adjacent the display (for example adjacent the display of the LCD). The display screen may be part of an LCD. The thermostat may comprise a plurality of display screens through which the display is visible (for example a glass screen part of the LCD, and a transparent plastic cover screen providing further protection). It is within the scope of the invention to only measure the temperature of one of those screens through which the display is visible. The thermostat is preferably arranged to measure the temperature of the screen of an LCD.
The device for measuring temperature may measure the temperature of the display screen directly. For example, the device for measuring temperature may be directed bonded (using a thermally conductive adhesive for example) to the display screen. More preferably however, the device for measuring temperature is arranged to measure the temperature of a component that is thermally coupled to the display screen, and thereby generate an output dependent on the temperature of the display screen.
Such an arrangement may enable easier manufacture of the thermostat and/or easier positioning of the device for measuring temperature because it does not require the device for measuring temperature to be in the same position as the display screen. The display module may comprise a plurality of layers and the component may be one of those layers. More preferably, the component may be an electrical connector. The electrical connector may connect a processing unit to the device for measuring temperature. For example the device for measuring temperature may be thermistor the output of which (for example the magnitude of the current passing through it) is transmitted along the electrical connector to the processing unit in the body of the thermostat.
The thermal coupling may be created in various ways: the component may contact the display screen. Alternatively, the thermostat may comprise one or more further components, wherein the further component(s) are thermally coupled to the display screen and thermally coupled to the first component (i.e. the component that the device for measuring temperature is arranged to measure the temperature of). At least one of the further components is preferably arranged to contact the display screen.
The further component(s) may be a further electrical connector. The further electrical connector may connect the processing unit and the display module. The further electrical connector may be thermally coupled to the display screen, and the electrical connector connecting the processing unit to the device for measuring temperature may be thermally coupled to the further electrical connector.
The electrical connector(s) may be flexible printed circuits boards (FPCs) comprising electrically conductive tracks on a flexible substrate. Such connectors may be particularly good at establishing a thermal coupling because the conductive tracks tend to be good thermal conductors. FPCs may also be easily arranged in close proximity to each other, or to other components due to their flexible nature, and are therefore able to present a relatively large surface area over which a thermal coupling may be formed. The device for measuring temperature may be arranged to measure the temperature of the electrically conductive track on the electrical connector connecting a processing unit to the device for measuring temperature.
Embodiments which make use of existing components in the thermostat (e.g. electrical connector(s)) and use the thermal conductivity of those components as a way of obtaining a measurement of the temperature of the display screen, have been found to be especially beneficial as they tend to me relatively easy to manufacture and/or design. These embodiments may allow the temperature measuring device to be located in a substantially sealed housing where it would otherwise be incapable of measuring the surrounding air temperature.
The display module may be moveably mounted on the thermostat. For example the display module may hinge on the thermostat housing. An FPC tends to be especially useful in such an embodiment as it allows such pivoting whilst maintaining the electrical connection to the display module (and the thermal connection to the display screen).
The thermostat is preferably arranged to regulate the air temperature of the surrounding environment. For example the thermostat may be a surface mounted thermostat for a central heating system. The thermostat may be a thermostatic radiator valve (TRV).
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of measuring temperature for input to a thermostat, the method comprising the step of: measuring the temperature of a display screen on the thermostat. The method may include the step of regulating the temperature in response to the measured temperature. The temperature of the display screen may be measured indirectly. For example the temperature of the display screen may be indirectly measured by measuring the temperature of a component that is thermally coupled to the display screen, thereby obtaining a signal dependent on the temperature of the display screen,
According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a thermostat for regulating temperature in response to an output from a device for measuring temperature, the thermostat comprising: (i) the device for measuring temperature, and (ii) a display module for providing a display, and wherein the thermostat is arranged such that the output from the device for measuring temperature is dependent on the temperature of at least part of the display module. The display module may include an electronic display, for example an LCD. The device for measuring temperature may be arranged to measure the temperature of the electronic display, for example the LCD. The thermostat may comprise a processing unit and an electrical connector connecting the processing unit to display module. The electrical connector may be physically and thermally coupled to the display module. The device for measuring temperature may be arranged to measure the temperature of the electrical connector.
According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a thermostat for regulating temperature in response to an output from a device for measuring temperature, the thermostat comprising: (i) the device for measuring temperature, (ii) a display module for providing a display, (iii) a processing unit, and (iv) an electrical connector connecting the processing unit to the display module, wherein the device for measuring temperature is arranged to measure the temperature of the electrical connector. The electrical connector may be physically and thermally coupled to the display module (for example it may contact the display module). The electrical connector may connect the processing unit (for example a PCB) to the device for measuring temperature.
Any features described with reference to one aspect of the invention are equally applicable to other aspects of the invention, and vice versa. For example features of the thermostat of the first aspect of the invention are equally applicable to the method of the second aspect of the invention, or to the thermostats of the other aspects of the invention described above.
Description of the Drawings
Various embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings of which:
Figure lisa perspective view of a TRV according to a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the front of the display module in the TRV in Figure 1;
Figure 3a is a side view of the display module in Figure 2;
Figure 3b is a side sectional-view of the display module in Figure 2 through line A-A of Figure 2; and
Figure 4 is a view of the rear of the display module.
Detailed Description
Figure 1 shows a thermostat in the form of a thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) 1. The TRV 1 comprises a housing 3 on which a temperature control dial 5 is mounted. The TRV 1 controls the temperature of a radiator 7 to which it is connected, and thus controls the surrounding air temperature (in dependence on the local temperature and on the desired temperature set by the control dial 5).
The TRV comprises a display module 9 for providing a display showing various data relating to the TRV 1. In Figure 1, the display module is providing a display of the local temperature, the on/off periods of the TRV and the operating mode (“ECO”). The operation of the TRV 1 can be altered by the user pressing the operating buttons 11, and changes in operation may be reflected in the display.
The display module 9 is hinged to the front of the TRV 1, and is shown in a deployed position in Figure 1. The module 9 may be stowed in the recess 13 when necessary and is then flush with the surrounding housing 3.
The display module is generally rectangular with a perimeter housing 15 surrounding an aperture in which the display is exposed. A plastic cover (not shown) is located in the aperture and retained by virtue of protruding tabs extending into recesses in the perimeter housing 15.
The components of the display module 7 are shown more clearly in Figures 2, 3a and 3b, to which reference is now made. Figures 2, 3a and 3b have the perimeter housing 15 removed for the sake of clarity. The display module 9 comprises an LCD 17 made up of several layered sub-components. On its front side, the LCD comprises the transparent glass display screen 19 through which the display of the LCD is visible. A thin plastic 21 sheet layer is also provided for protection of the glass 19. An LCD driver 23 is bonded to the rear face of the glass display screen 19, to control the LCD. During use, the LCD driver is shielded by the perimeter housing 15. The construction of the LCD is known per se and not discussed in further detail here.
In the first embodiment of the invention, the TRV 1 comprises two electrical connectors in the form of flexible printed circuits (FPCs). The FPCs 25, 29 comprise a series of conductive tracks 24 printed on a flexible substrate 26 (only shown in Figure 2 at one end of the FPCs). A first FPC 25 is anchored on a layer towards the rear of the display module.
An NTC thermistor 27 (only visible in Figure 4) is mounted on the conductive tracks at this end of the first FPC 25, and the other end of the FPC 25 connects to a PCB (not shown) in the housing 3 of the TRV 1. A second FPC 29 has one end anchored to the glass display screen 21 and this end connects to the LCD driver 23. The other end of the second FPC 29 also extends to the PCB within the TRV housing, thereby connecting the LCD and the PCB. A short distance after the first and second FPCs 25, 29 have extended away from the display module 9, they contact with one another across their widths (shown as a single line in Figures 3a and 3b) and are bonded together.
In accordance with known TRVs, the PCB in the TRV housing 3 is arranged to process signals and to control the LCD. The PCB is also arranged to control the thermostat is response to changes in the temperature of the surrounding environment (i.e. regulate the temperature via opening/closing of the radiator valve). In the first embodiment of the invention, that temperature measurement is based on the output from the thermistor 27 and described in more detail below.
In contrast to known thermostats, in the TRV of the first embodiment of the invention, the thermistor 27 is located such that its output is dependent on the temperature of the display screen 19. In the first embodiment of the invention, this is achieved by thermally coupling the first FPC 25 (on which the thermistor 27 is mounted) to the second FPC 29, which is itself in physical and thermal contact with the glass display screen 19. Figure 4 shows a rear view of the display module 9, with the rear of the housing 15 attached and more clearly shows the two FPCs 25, 29 and their mutual contact area. The rear of the thermistor 27 is also visible through a small opening in the back of the housing 15.
Since the FPCs have a relatively high surface area of conductive tracks 24 they have been identified as effective thermal conductors. The temperature of the second FPC 29 substantially matches the temperature of the glass screen 19 because it is in contact with it. Since the second FPC 29 contacts the first FPC 25 along a substantial part of its width to create a relatively large thermal contact area for good thermal coupling, the temperature of the first FPC 25 substantially matches the temperature of the second FPC 29 and therefore substantially matches the temperature of the glass screen 19. The output from the thermistor 27 is therefore dependent on the temperature of the display screen 19.
This first embodiment of the invention has been found to provide a better indication of the environmental temperature than some known thermostats which, for example, may have the thermistor in the main housing and rely on air regularly circulating the thermostat housing.
Whilst the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the invention lends itself to many different variations not specifically illustrated herein. For example, in a further embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the thermistor is directly bonded to the glass screen and does not require indirect thermal coupling. In an embodiment according to a second aspect (not shown), the thermistor is instead located on the reflective rear layer of the LCD and is arranged to measure the temperature of that layer. In an embodiment according to a third aspect (not shown), the thermistor is arranged to measure the temperature of an FPC exposed to the outside environment.
Where in the foregoing description, integers or elements are mentioned which have known, obvious or foreseeable equivalents, then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. Reference should be made to the claims for determining the true scope of the present invention, which should be construed so as to encompass any such equivalents. It will also be appreciated by the reader that integers or features of the invention that are described as preferable, advantageous, convenient or the like are optional and do not limit the scope of the independent claims.

Claims (16)

1. Thermostaat voor het reguleren van temperatuur in responsie op een uitvoer van een inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur, waarbij de thermostaat omvat: (i) de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur, en (ii) een displaymodule voor het verschaffen van een display, waarbij de displaymodule een displayvenster omvat waardoorheen de display kan worden bekeken, en waarbij de thermostaat zodanig is ingericht dat de uitvoer van de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur afhankelijk is van de temperatuur van het displayvenster.A thermostat for regulating temperature in response to an output of a temperature measurement device, the thermostat comprising: (i) the temperature measurement device, and (ii) a display module for providing a display wherein the display module comprises a display window through which the display can be viewed, and wherein the thermostat is arranged such that the output of the temperature measuring device is dependent on the temperature of the display window. 2. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de displaymodule een elektronische display omvat.The thermostat according to claim 1, wherein the display module comprises an electronic display. 3. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 2, waarbij de displaymodule een vloeibaar-kristaldisplay (LCD) is.The thermostat according to claim 2, wherein the display module is a liquid crystal display (LCD). 4. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 3, waarbij het displayvenster een transparant venster van de LCD is, waardoorheen de display kan worden bekeken.The thermostat according to claim 3, wherein the display window is a transparent window of the LCD, through which the display can be viewed. 5. Thermostaat volgens willekeurig welke van conclusies 1-4, waarbij de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur is ingericht voor het meten van de temperatuur van een component die thermisch is gekoppeld aan het displayvenster.A thermostat according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the temperature measuring device is adapted to measure the temperature of a component thermally coupled to the display window. 6. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 5, waarbij de thermostaat een verdere component omvat, waarbij de verdere component zodanig is ingericht dat deze in contact is met het displayvenster, en waarbij de eerste component thermisch is gekoppeld aan de verdere component.The thermostat according to claim 5, wherein the thermostat comprises a further component, the further component being arranged such that it is in contact with the display window, and wherein the first component is thermally coupled to the further component. 7. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 5 of 6, waarbij de eerste component een elektrische connector is die een verwerkingseenheid verbindt met de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur.The thermostat according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first component is an electrical connector connecting a processing unit to the temperature measuring device. 8. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 7, in zoverre afhankelijk van conclusie 6, waarbij de verdere component een elektrische connector is die de verwerkingseenheid en de displaymodule met elkaar verbindt.The thermostat according to claim 7, insofar as dependent on claim 6, wherein the further component is an electrical connector connecting the processing unit and the display module. 9. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 8, waarbij de elektrische connectoren flexibele gedrukte-schakelingskaarten (FPC's) zijn, die elektrisch geleidende banen op een flexibel substraat omvatten.The thermostat of claim 8, wherein the electrical connectors are flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs) that include electrically conductive paths on a flexible substrate. 10. Thermostaat volgens conclusie 9, waarbij de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur is ingericht voor het meten van de temperatuur van een elektrisch geleidende baan op de elektrische connector die een verwerkingseenheid verbindt met de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur.The thermostat according to claim 9, wherein the temperature measuring device is adapted to measure the temperature of an electrically conductive path on the electrical connector connecting a processing unit to the temperature measuring device. 11. Thermostaat volgens willekeurig welke van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de thermostaat is ingericht voor het reguleren van de luchttemperatuur van de omringende omgeving.The thermostat according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermostat is adapted to regulate the air temperature of the surrounding environment. 12. Thermostaat volgens willekeurig welke van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de thermostaat een thermostatische radiatorafsluiter (TRY) is.The thermostat according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermostat is a thermostatic radiator valve (TRY). 13. Werkwijze voor het meten van temperatuur, geschikt om invoer te verschaffen aan een thermostaat welke een display heeft, waarbij de werkwijze de stap omvat van: het meten van de temperatuur van een displayvenster op de thermostaat waardoorheen de display kan worden bekeken.A method of measuring temperature, capable of providing input to a thermostat having a display, the method comprising the step of: measuring the temperature of a display window on the thermostat through which the display can be viewed. 14. Thermostaat voor het reguleren van temperatuur in responsie op een uitvoer van een inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur, waarbij de thermostaat omvat: (i) de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur, en (ii) een displaymodule voor het verschaffen van een display, en waarbij de thermostaat zodanig is ingericht dat de uitvoer van de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur afhankelijk is van de temperatuur van ten minste een gedeelte van de displaymodule.A thermostat for regulating temperature in response to an output of a temperature measuring device, the thermostat comprising: (i) the temperature measuring device, and (ii) a display module for providing a display and wherein the thermostat is arranged such that the output of the temperature measuring device is dependent on the temperature of at least a portion of the display module. 15. Thermostaat voor het reguleren van temperatuur in responsie op een uitvoer van een inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur, waarbij de thermostaat omvat: (i) de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur, (ii) een displaymodule voor het verschaffen van een display, (iii) een verwerkingseenheid, en (iv) een elektrische connector die de verwerkingseenheid verbindt met de displaymodule, waarbij de inrichting voor het meten van temperatuur is ingericht voor het meten van de temperatuur van de elektrische connector.A thermostat for regulating temperature in response to an output of a temperature measurement device, the thermostat comprising: (i) the temperature measurement device, (ii) a display module for providing a display, (iii) a processing unit, and (iv) an electrical connector connecting the processing unit to the display module, wherein the temperature measuring device is adapted to measure the temperature of the electrical connector. 16. Thermostaat zoals hier beschreven onder verwijzing naar de figuren.16. Thermostat as described herein with reference to the figures.
NL2010955A 2012-06-12 2013-06-12 Thermostat with display module. NL2010955C2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB201210377 2012-06-12
GB1210377.6A GB2513524B (en) 2012-06-12 2012-06-12 Thermostat with display module

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NL2010955A NL2010955A (en) 2013-12-16
NL2010955C2 true NL2010955C2 (en) 2015-06-18

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9212805D0 (en) * 1992-06-17 1992-07-29 Drayton Controls Engineering L Thermostatic radiator valves
DE102004012620A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-29 Kahlert, Gabriele Thermostat valve for a heating body comprises a turning handle with a device for controlling the temperature of the heating body, and an externally readable thermometer attached to the valve and not coupled to the heating medium temperature
DE102006037996A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-21 Andreas Pfister Sensor unit for measuring temperature of e.g. office room, has temperature measuring sensor arranged in interior of box, and temperature conducting unit provided in direct contact with sensor and protruding from box
CN201462171U (en) * 2009-09-10 2010-05-12 马杰 Thermostat valve of radiator

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Publication number Publication date
DE102013105986A1 (en) 2013-12-19
DE102013105986B4 (en) 2023-05-04
NL2010955A (en) 2013-12-16
GB2513524B (en) 2018-01-24
GB201210377D0 (en) 2012-07-25
GB2513524A (en) 2014-11-05

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