NL1044167B1 - A planting apparatus of vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soil in South China - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting apparatus of vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soit in South China, which comprises a rotary cup transplanter and a planting apparatus, wherein the rotary cup transplanter is a seedling transplanter, and the structure of the planting apparatus comprises a rolling disc, an eccentric disc, a crank, a rotary cup, an eccentric disc guide rail and a draft arm; the shell of the rotary cup is hinged on the rotary cup and can rotste around the hinge shaft; when the rotary cup rotates to a certain angle, it contacts the cam and rotates around the hinge point under the push of the cam, and meanwhile, the rotary cup is opened. When the rotary cup goes around the lowest point, the rotary cup is separated from the cam. At this time, the rotary cup is closed under the action of spring. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention is suitable for transplanting tender seedlings, seedlings in large bowls and seedlings with fragile bowls; it is convenient for transplanting in cohesive soit in South China; in the process of putting in seedlings, it plays a supporting role, which is beneficial for the seedlings to stand upright; transplanting on film is possible, and transplanting with narrow row spacing is easy to realize; high working efficiency and strong adaptability. 1044167

Description

ref: P2021 NL 019

TITLE: A planting apparatus of vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soil in

South China

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the technical field of planters, in particular to a planting apparatus of vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soil in South China.

BACKGROUND

China is the largest vegetable producer in the world, and the vegetable industry has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, According to the statistics of the World Food and Agriculture Organization, in 2018, the sown area of vegetables in

China was 20,400 hectares, and the output of vegetables was 703 million tons, accounting for 35.3% and 64.6% of the world respectively, ranking first in the world.

The per capita vegetable possession was 505.10 kg, which was 3.54 times that of the world. China is also the largest vegetable exporter in the world. In 2018, the total export volume of vegetables reached 15.77 million tons, with an export value of § 17.252 billion, The export varieties of vegetables include garlic, tomato, carrot and radish, onion, potato, mushroom, cowpea and kidney bean, melon and papaya, cabbage, fungus, bamboo shoots, asparagus and ginger. Since 2011, the output value of vegetables in China has surpassed that of grain for the first time, becoming the largest agricultural product in China. Vegetable production is a labor-intensive industry, and about 80% of vegetable varieties are planted by seedling raising and transplanting. Seedling manual planting is a farmland operation with labor intensity second only to harvest operation, which accounts for about 20% of the total labor of vegetable production. Due to the slow development of vegetable transplanting machinery in China, almost all seedling planting is done manually. High labor intensity, low production efficiency, poor planting quality and high production cost.

Therefore, realizing mechanization of vegetable transplanting has become an urgent need of agricultural production.

Vegetable transplanters can be divided into manual transplanters, semi- automatic transplanters and fully automatic transplanters according to the degree of automation. In the 1920s, European countries developed and began to use manually seedling transplanting machines for vegetable production. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, the manual action of seedling transplanting machine was replaced by transplanting mechanism. In 1950s and 1960s, various semi-automatic transplanters

: with different structural types were developed, produced and used. By 1980s, semi- automatic transplanters and earth bowl machines had formed a complete series and were widely used in agricultural production. Up to now, Europe has reached perfection in the techniques of soil bowl forming, precision sowing of single grain on the bowl and automatic transplanting machines, which have been applied in practical production. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, China began the experimental research on transplanting machines, mainly cotton nutrition bowl seedling transplanter and sweet potato seedling transplanter. Sugarbeet transplanters were developed in 1970s and semi-automatic vegetable transplanters were developed in 1980s. At this time, vegetable transplanters with various structures were also introduced from abroad. At present, the pot seedling transplanter developed in China is mainly semi-automatic, and its models are mostly imitations of foreign products.

Because of its complex structure and high cost, the full-automatic transplanter is still in the initial stage of research.

Vegetable transplanters can be divided into five types according to the working principle of seedling holding and seedling planting mechanism of planting parts: clamp-type transplanter, chain-clip transplanter, hanging basket transplanter, seedling guide tube transplanter and flexible disc transplanter, its different characteristics are as follows: 1) Clamp-type transplanter

Working parts: mainly include clamp-type planting parts, furrow opener, covering and pressing wheel, transmission mechanism and frame, etc.

Working principle: manually put the seedlings on the rotating clamps and then rotate with the planting tray. When reaching the seedling ditch, the tongs are opened under the control of the slideway switch, and then fall into the seedling ditch under the action of self gravity, and then the seedlings are covered with soll by the press wheel to complete the planting.

Advantages and disadvantages: simple structure, stable plant spacing and depth, low cost, and suitable for bare seedlings and pot seedlings. However, if is difficult to adjust the spacing between plants, the clamp is easy to hurt seedlings, the planting speed is low, the zero-spead planting and seedling feeding are difficult to control, and the transplanted seedlings are easy to fall down, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency. 2} Chain-clip transplanter

Working parts: there are mainly chain-clip planter, furrow opener, compaction covering wheel, transmission imitation wheel, transmission device and frame.

Working principle: the seedling clip is installed on the chain and manually fed onto the chain-clip. The chain-clip turns into the slideway, and the seedlings are clamped and rotate along with the chain-clip. When the seedlings are vertical to the

: ground, the chain-clip is separated from the slideway and automatically opened, and the seedlings fall into the ditch, and then the soil covering and pressing are completed. The working process and performance are similar to those of the clamp- type.

Advantages and disadvantages: chain-clip planting has accurate plant spacing, good verticality and stable and reliable seedling feeding. However, it is arranged up and down, so there are few clips in the seedling feeding area, which is easy to hurt seedlings and low in efficiency. 3) Hanging basket transplanter

Working principle: The driving wheel drives the planting disc to rotate, and the hanging basket keeps vertical with the ground and rotates with the disc. When the hanging basket is turned to the top, the seedlings are manually put into the hanging basket; when turning to the predetermined position below, the roller on the hanging basket contacts with the guide rail to open the duckbill of the hanging cup, and the seedlings freely fall into the furrow opened by the furrow opener, and then are covered with soil and pressed to complete planting. After the hanging basket leaves, the duckbill of the hanging basket automatically closes, waiting for the next seedling feeding.

Advantages and disadvantages: no clamping force on seedlings, not easy to hurt seaedlings; the hanging basket can support the seedlings in the planting process, and has good verticality, so it can be transplanted on film. However, the mechanism is complicated, the seedling feeding speed cannot be too high, and the working speed is limited. 4) Seedling guide tube transplanter

Working parts: mainly include feeder, seedling guide tube, seedling supporting device, furrow opener, covering and pressing wheel, sic,

Working principle: when the seedlings are manually or mechanically put into the feeding cylinder of the feeder and turned to the top of the seedling guide tube, the lower valve is opened, and the seedlings fall into the seedling guide tube by gravity.

The seedlings are introduced into the furrow of the furrow opener through the inclined seedling guide tube, and then covered with soil and pressed to complete the planting process.

Advantages and Disadvantages: it is not easy to hurt seedlings, and can ensure good seedling uprightness, plant spacing uniformity and depth stability, and the operation speed is high, The disadvantages are complex structure and high manufacturing cost. 5) Flexible disc transplanter

Working paris: frame, suspension device, seedling frame, chain drive system, furrow opener, covering and pressing wheel, gear drive system, flexible disc, etc.

: Working principle: the seedlings are manually fed into the trough of the conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt feeds the seedlings into the planting tray, which is composed of two rubber trays that can be developed. When the flexible disc transplanter received the seedlings from the chain, it opened partially by using the disc-opening wheel, and the seedlings automatically closed due to elasticity when seedlings entered the opening. When reaching the lower part of the furrow opener, use the opening fork to loosen it and put down the seedlings. Then cover the soll and press it to complete the planting.

Advantages and disadvantages: the planter has good adaptability to plant spacing, and the disc can be made of rubber, which is simple in structure and low in cost, but short in life, easy to hurt seedlings, and unstable in plant spacing and transplanting depth.

To sum up, the existing five kinds of vegetable transplanters have their own advantages and disadvantages, but they can not solve the adaptability problem of vegetable transplanting in cohesive soil in South China.

SUMMARY

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical defects, focus on integrating the technical advantages of hanging basket transplanter and seedling guide tube transplanter, and provide a planting apparatus (rotary cup transplanter) of vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soil in South China.

Through theoretical analysis of the working principle of rotary cup transplanter, the relationship between the rotating speed n of rotary cup transplanter, the forward speed v of motor group and the characteristic parameter A of rotary cup track is analyzed, A three-dimensional solid model of planting apparatus of rotary cup transplanter is established, and three-dimensional solid model building is carried out on parts of planting apparatus under pro/ E, which is assembled into a whole model of transplanter. Then ADAMS is used for system simulation analysis of planting apparatus, and the three-dimensional solid model of virtual prototype working device of transplanter established under prof E is introduced into ADAMS to establish planting apparatus virtual prototype. The virtual prototype of the planting apparatus is used for system simulation analysis and optimization combination, and the virtual prototype test of the optimized planting apparatus of the rotary cup transplanter is carried out.

To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: A planting apparatus of the vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soil in South China, comprising a rotary cup transplanter and a planting apparatus, wherein the rotary cup transplanter is a seedling transplanter, which comprises a three-point suspension frame, a frame, walking wheels, a transmission

° mechanism , an outer guard plate of the planting apparatus, a rotary cup of the planting apparatus, a depth limiting slide plate at the lower part of the planting apparatus, a main driving wheel, a press wheel, a press wheel adjusting rod and a seedling tray, personnel operating table and transmission mechanism control handle. 5 The structure of the planting apparatus comprises a rolling disc, an eccentric disc, a crank, a rotary cup, an eccentric disc guide rail and a draft arm; the frame is provided with a perforated seedling loader which comprises a driving shaft and a turntable; a perforated seedling loader is arranged around the turntable, a guide cam is arranged on the turntable corresponding to the perforated seedling loader; an eccentric wheel is arranged on the side of the turntable, an eccentric wheel rolling disc is arranged on the eccentric wheel, and a crank shaft is arranged between the eccentric wheel rolling disc and the perforated seedling loader rolling disc; the crank shaft is fixedly connected to the perforated seedling loader, the shell of the rotary cup is hinged on the rotary cup and can rotate around the hinge shaft, when the rotary cup rotates to a certain angle, it contacts the cam and rotates around the hinge point under the push of the cam. Meanwhile, the rotary cup is opened. When the rotary cup goes around the lowest point, the rotary cup is separated from the cam, and the rotary cup is closed under the action of the spring.

Furthermore, a plurality of perforated seedling loaders are uniformly arranged at intervals around the turntable.

Furthermore, the cam plays a role in controlling the opening and closing of the shell of the rotary cup (17) during the rotation of the disc and fixing each sleeve on the disc.

Furthermore, the inner surface of the rotary cup (17) is smooth, so as to reduce the friction between the rotary cup (17) and the seedlings.

Furthermore, the lower end of the rotary cup (17) is arranged as a conical furrow opener which is convenient for entering the soil, so as to reduce the adhesion with the soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the rotary cup of the invention does not exert a forced clamping force on the seedlings, so that it is suitable for transplanting tender seedlings, seedlings in large bowls and seedlings with fragile bowls, and is not easy to hurt the seedlings; (2) the conical furrow opener at the lower end of the rotary cup has low adhesion with soil, which is convenient for transplanting in cohesive soil in South China, and can also be transplanted on the film; (3) the planting apparatus plays a supporting role in the process of putting seedlings, which is beneficial to the seedling erection and root system growth; (4) the planting apparatus can use two groups of rotary cups (8 in each group) lo operate at the same time, so as to realize double-row transplanting, with high working efficiency (transplanting more than 4,000 plants per hour); (5) after

: proper adjustment of parts, besides transplanting vegetable seedlings, cotton, com, sugar beet, tobacco and rape seedlings can also be planted; (6) because the planting parts are driven by a single group, each single group can work independently and can be conveniently combined according to the power of the tractor, which is suitable

S for supporting various wheeled tractors produced in China.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary cup transplanter of the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary cup planting apparatus of the present invention.

As shown in the Figures: 1. Three-point suspension frame, 2. Frame, 3. Walking wheel, 4. Transmission mechanism, 5. Outer guard plate of the planting apparatus, 6.

Rotary cup of the planting apparatus, 7. Depth limiting slide plate at the lower part of the planting apparatus, 8. Main driving wheel, 9. Press wheel, 10. Press wheel adjusting rod, 11. Seedling tray, 12. Personnel operating table, 13. Transmission mechanism control handle, 14. Rolling disc, 15. Eccentric disc , 16. Crank, 17. rotary cup, 18. Eccentric disc guide rail, 19. Draft arm.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following is a further detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A planting apparatus of vegetable transplanter based on cohesive soil in South

China, comprising a rotary cup transplanter and a planting apparatus, wherein the rotary cup transplanter is a seedling transplanter, which comprises a three-point suspension frame 1, a frame 2, walking wheels 3, a transmission mechanism 4, an outer guard plate 5 of the planting apparatus, a rotary cup 8 of the planting apparatus, a depth limiting slide plate 7 at the lower part of the planting apparatus, a main driving wheel 8, a press wheel 9, a press wheel adjusting rod 10 and a seedling tray 11, personnel operating table 12 and transmission mechanism control handle 13.

The structure of the planting apparatus comprises a rolling disc 14, an eccentric disc 15, a crank16, a rotary cup 17, an eccentric disc guide rail 18 and a draft arm 19; the frame 2 is provided with a perforated seedling loader which comprises a driving shaft and a turntable; a perforated seedling loader is arranged around the turntable, a guide cam is arranged on the turntable corresponding to the perforated seedling loader; an eccentric wheel is arranged on the side of the turntable, an eccentric wheel rolling disc is arranged on the eccentric wheel, and a crank shaft is arranged between the eccentric wheel rolling disc and the perforated seedling loader rolling disc; the crank shaft is fixedly connected to the perforated seedling loader, the shell

: of the rotary cup 17 is hinged on the rotary cup and can rotate around the hinge shaft; when the rotary cup 17 rotates to a certain angle, it contacts the cam and rotates around the hinge point under the push of the cam. Meanwhile, the rotary cup 17 is opened. When the rotary cup 17 goes around the lowest point, the rotary cup 17 is separated from the cam, and the rotary cup 17 is closed under the action of the spring.

A plurality of perforated seedling loaders are uniformly arranged at intervals around the turntable.

The cam plays a role in controlling the opening and closing of the shell of the 19 rotary cup 17 during the rotation of the disc and fixing each sleeve on the disc.

The inner surface of the rotary cup 17 is smooth, so as to reduce the friction between the rotary cup 17 and the seedlings.

The lower end of the rotary cup 17 is arranged as a conical furrow opener which is convenient for entering the soll, so as to reduce the adhesion with the soil.

In the concrete implementation of the invention, the rotary cup transplanter can be hung or towed behind various locomotives, which is suitable for cohesive soil operation in South China, especially can realize mechanical seedling transplanting and planting operation in farmland covered with plastic film, and can also lay drip irrigation belt and plastic film at the same time of transplanting, thus having the advantages of good operation quality and wide adaptability, and being also suitable for dibbling of special crops such as potatoes.

The whole transplanter is connected to the tractor at three points, and the power is obtained by the rolling of the transmission wheel and the ground, and then the power is transmitted to the planters through the transmission system, so that the eight planting cups on each planter rotate. Planting mechanism is composed of draft arm, eccentric disc, rotary cup, crank, transmission device and safety protection device. During transplanting, the draft arm is hinged on the main beam, and the ground wheels on both sides of the main beam transmit power to each transplanting unit through chains. The unit rotates with the walking of the machine. Under the action of eccentric guide rail and crank, the duckbill (conical furrow opener) at the lower end of the rotary cup always keeps the seedling feeding port of the rotary cup of the planting apparatus upward, and there are two duckbill funnels on the rotary cup of the planting apparatus, and the opening and closing of funnel is controlled by the cam. When the rotary cup rotates upward, the seedling dropping hand puts the pot seedlings into the rotary cup and continues to move downward along with the rotary cup. Each planter rotates in a closed state until the lower part of the planter plunges into the soil. The duckbill is forced to open under the action of cams on both sides of the rotary cup, and the pot seedlings fall into the hole shot by the duckbill.

The duckbill funnel keeps an open posture. The rotary cup continues to move upward under the driving of the rolling disc until it gradually closes when it passes through the horizontal position close to the main shaft, waiting to go upward for the next seedling dropping. The transplanting mechanism in this form has good planting quality, high planting straightness rate, basically no impact on pot seedlings, and 5 small seedling injury rate. In addition, this kind of monomer can choose to install eight rotary cups and different sprocket transmission ratios to obtain different plant spacing, and the minimum planting plant spacing is 200 mm. The soil covering wheel at the back of the planting apparatus squeezes the soil on both sides of the root of the seedling to play the role of burying and compacting the soil. Each group of soil covering wheels of the machine adjusts the transplanting depth and buries the soil for the transplanted seedlings through an adjusting mechanism. Plant spacing can be adjusted by replacing sprockets with different teeth on the rotating shaft of the transmission cycle and the rotating shaft of the planting apparatus. Increasing the teeth number of sprockets on the rotating shaft of the transmission cycle can increase the plant spacing. Row spacing can be achieved by adjusting the distance between two planting apparatuses. The rotary transplanter can realize transplanting on the film, and has a certain supporting force for the pot seedlings so as to keep them upright. The rotary planter does not need a furrow opener, and realizes the integrated work from feeding to planting of the whole pot seedlings, which can reduce the power loss and reduce the seedling injury rate.

The planting working part of the planting apparatus is designed as a rotary cup type planting apparatus, and the main features of the rotary cup type transplanter are as follows: (1) the rotary cup of the invention does not exert a forced clamping force on the seedlings, so that it is suitable for transplanting tender seedlings, seedlings in large howls and seedlings with fragile bowls, and is not easy to hurt the seedlings; (2) the conical furrow opener at the lower end of the rotary cup has low adhesion with soil, which is convenient for transplanting in cohesive soil in South China, and can also be transplanted on the film; (3) the planting apparatus plays a supporting role in the process of putting seedlings, which is beneficial to the seedling erection and root system growth; (4) the planting apparatus can use two groups of rotary cups {8 in each group) to operate at the same time, so as to realize double-row transplanting, with high working efficiency (transplanting more than 4,000 plants per hour); (5) after proper adjustment of parts, besides transplanting vegetable seedlings, cotton, corn, sugar beet, tobacco and rape seedlings can also be planted; (6) because the planting parts are driven by a single group, each single group can work independently and can be conveniently combined according to the power of the tractor, which is suitable for supporting various wheeled tractors produced in China.

The above description of the present invention and its embodiments is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the

: present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto.

To sum up, if the ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it, without departing from the creative purpose of the present invention, and without creative design, the structural modes and embodiments similar to the technical scheme should all belong to the protection scope of the present invention,

Claims (5)

CONCLUSIONS 1. A kind of vegetable transplanting and planting machine based on the soil type in the south of China, the innovative invention is characterized by: it contains a rotatable cup planter and a planter, the said rotatable cup planter is a seedling transplanting machine, including a three point suspension frame (1), frame (2), running wheel (3), transmission mechanism (4), planter outer guard (5), swivel cup (6), the lower part of the device this is the depth of the sliding plate when planting (7), the main drive wheel (8), the pinch wheel (9), the pinch wheel adjusting lever {10}, the seedling tray (11), the workbench for the personnel (12) and the transmission mechanism control lever (13 }, the structure of said planter includes a rotating disc (14), an off-axis rotating disc (15), a crank (16), a rotating cup (17), an eccentric disc guide {18} and a pull arm (18 ), the said frame (2) is provided with a perforated seedling loading device, the perforated seedling loading device contains a drive shaft and a turntable, and a punch seedling planter is installed on the turntable, and a turntable corresponding to perforated seedling loading device , there is a guide rail cam, an eccentric wheel is arranged on the side of the turntable, an eccentric wheel rotation disc is arranged on the eccentric wheel, a crankshaft is arranged between the eccentric wheel rotation disc and perforated seedling loading device turntable, the crankshaft is fixed connected with perforated seedling loading device, the shell of the rotatable cup (17} is hinged on the rotatable cup and can rotate around the hinge axis, when the rotatable cup (17) rotates to a certain angle, it comes into contact with the cam and is pushed by the cam pushed to rotate around the pivot point, and at the same time the rotatable cup (17) is opened, once the rotatable cup (17) passes the lowest point, the rotatable cup (17) is separated from the cam, and at this time the rotatable cup (17) closed by means of the feather. 2. A kind of machine for transplanting and planting vegetables based on the soil type in southern China according to claim 1, characterized by : the turntable is provided with multiple punch seedling planter which are evenly spaced from each other. A kind of machine for transplanting and planting vegetables based on soil type in southern China according to claim 1, characterized by : said cam functions to open the shell of the rotatable cup (17) : and close during the rotation of the disc, and holding the cup on the disc. A kind of machine for transplanting and planting vegetables based on the soil type in southern China according to claim 1, characterized by : the inner surface of said rotatable cup (17) is smooth, to reduce the friction during the rotation of to reduce the swivel cup (17). A kind of machine for transplanting and planting vegetables based on the soil type in southern China according to claim 1, characterized by : the lower end of the rotatable cup (17) is equipped with a conical opener that is installed in the soil can be stabbed and serves to reduce adhesion with the ground.