NL1039423C2

NL1039423C2 - Crusher housing with controlled particle traffic.

Info

Publication number: NL1039423C2
Application number: NL1039423A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Zanden
Original assignee: Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Zanden
Priority date: 2012-02-29
Filing date: 2012-02-29
Publication date: 2013-09-02

Description

-1 -

CRUSHER HOUSING WITH CONTROLLED PARTICLE TRAFFIC FIELD OF THE INVENTION

5 The invention relates to the field of the acceleration of material, in particular a stream of granular or particulate material, with the aid of centrifugal force, with the aim of causing the accelerated grains or particles to collide with an impact member at such a velocity that they are crushed, but other possible applications are not excluded.

10 BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

A stream of particle material can be accelerated with the aid of centrifugal force in a crusher housing, that comprises normally a cylindrical drum member with a drum wall that stretches in vertical direction and is on top provided with a removable lid member creating 15 a crushing chamber underneath the lid member that is provided with a central opening for feeding particle material onto the centre space of a rotor which rotates rapidly about a vertical axis of rotation, which material is then collected by one or more sliding members, also called impellers and shoes, that are positioned on top of the rotor - presenting a so-called open rotor - for accelerating of the material with the aid of centrifugal force, which 20 accelerated material is then thrown from the rotor to impact at the impact faces of a stationary impact member that surrounds the rotor a radial distant away, stretching along the drum wall. Such configuration is known from US 5,533,685(Heck). The alternative is the sandwich rotor - also called closed rotor - where the sliding member is positioned between two rotor blades, and is known from US 3,767,127 (Wood).

25 With respect to the present invention it is important to note that known open rotors are generally positioned in the crusher chamber such that there is a significant free vertical distance between the top side of the sliding member and the inner face of the lid member, for example US 3,088,685 (Bridgewater), US 6,070,820 (cited before), US 5,323,974 (Watajima), US 5,921,484 (Smith et al), US 4,877,192 (Rossouw et al) and US 5,533,685 30 (Heck).

Open rotor that are positioned closer to the lid member are known from US 3,204,882 (Vifian et al), US 4,373,679 (Kawano et al), US 6,179,234 (Marshall et al), and DE

1,290,793 (Pozatto et al).

It is important to note that with the known open rotors with high lid positioning no 35 mention is made of problems due to uncontrolled particle traffic in the crusher housing caused by high lid positioning; and that with the known open rotors with low lid 1039423 -2- positioning no mention or reference or claim is made to possible beneficial effects of the lower lid position, including possible beneficial effects involving more controlled particle traffic in the crusher housing.

The rotating sliding faces of the open rotor create in the crushing chamber an area of 5 low pressure at or around the centre space of the open rotor and an area of high pressure in the crushing space around the open rotor, that is in the space between the open rotor and the stationary impact member, in particular in the upper comer of the crushing space -creating a rather high pressure differential in the crushing chamber. But the way this develops depends very much on the configuration of the open rotor. So creates DE 10 1.290.793 (cited before) an area of low pressure around the centre part of the open rotor, which can cause heavy turbulence.

The rotating open rotor operates essentially as a pump, and creates an area of low pressure at the centre part of the open rotor, that is, underneath the feed pipe member, which makes that air is soaked into the crusher chamber together with the particle feed 15 material, which air flow is then accelerated, when it cannot be avoided with high lid positioning that the rotating open rotor generates a vortex, which means that of the airstream that is accelerated together with the particles, has a strong, natural, tendency to circulate upwards into the direction of the upper comer of the crushing chamber where an area or areas of high pressure are created - a tendency that increases: when there is a wide 20 space above the open rotor, as is the case with US 6,070,820 (cited before); when the lid

lining is positioned closer to the rotor and is irregular or angled, where even small irregularities above the rotor can cause strong disturbance of the air stream, as is the case with US 3,204,882 (cited before) with a stepped inner lining, US 4,373,679 (cited before) where the inner lid lining is provided with a raised circular edge, US 6,179,234 (cited 25 before) with open space above the impact member and shows no lid lining, and DE

1.290.793 (cited before) with irregular and angled lid; and when the rotor is provided with angled faces such that air is pushed in upward direction, as is in particular the case with DE

1.290.793 (cited before); where, with wind speeds up to 300 km/hr, even relative small irregularities causes the airstream to move, in rather chaotic way, through the crushing 30 space and the space above the open rotor from the area of high pressure in the upper corner of the crushing chamber back to the area of low pressure at the centre space of the open rotor, which can cause heavy turbulence, in particular when the stationary impact member is provided with protruding anvils; creating uncontrolled particle traffic in the crusher space.

35 The configuration known from DE 1.290.793 (cited before) intensifies this problem, because the sliding members are here provided with outward angled faces that push the -3- airstream with the particles in upward direction - creating totally uncontrolled particle traffic - which limits the impact intensity that can be generated, causes heavy wear along the lid lining that is positioned just above the impellers, and consumes much energy; only a limited part of the particles will collide with the impact member.

5 The vortex and resulting pressure differentials, and possible turbulence, disturb particle traffic in that centrifugally thrown particles have a strong tendency to divert from their horizontal flight paths upwards, carried by the air stream, which stray particles cause less perfect impact or miss the impact faces altogether. This strongly reduces impact intensity, and causes heavy wear along the inner lid lining face that stretches above the 10 stationary impact member and above the open rotor, and increases energy. Chaotic circulation of the air stream causes also more air to be soaked into the crushing chamber through the feed pipe, which contributes further to dust formation at the outlet of the crusher housing.

The vortex can also create a pull to the particles that are metered in the low pressure 15 centre space of the open rotor, to such extend that these particles can escape through the slit opening between of the outer edge of the feed opening and the top edges of inner faces of the rotating sliding members, before they can make proper contact with the sliding member, which particles make no impact, yet further reduces impact intensity, next to increased wear and damage to the feed opening, and further loss of energy.

20 Escape poses a typical and serious problem with open rotors. In theory, escape can with an open rotor be hindered to certain extend when the feed opening is sunk just between the sliding members; that is, positioned in front of the upper part of the inner sides of the sliding members. A configuration with a sunk feed opening is known from US 5,533,685 (cited before). Such sunk feed opening does indeed limit escape of particles 25 because it hinders both recirculation of the airstream and yet pull to the particles, but has proven not to be effective in practice when combined with high lid positioning because of escape and damaged by particles that bounce upwards from the open rotor blade, which causes significant and often irregular wear along the feed opening and even breakage of the feed pipe, which again creates free space that increases escape, and such situation can 30 develop rather quickly.

To limit wear along the outlet and yet hinder escape, it has therefore become common practice with open rotors to position the feed opening just above the inner sides of the sliding members, as shown in US 6.601,789 (Bajadali, et al), or only just sunk between the sliding members, which configurations are known from US 4,699,326 (cited before) and 35 US 5,533,685 (cited before). Another approach is to position the feed opening well above the sliding members, such configuration is known from US 6,070,820 (cited before), but -4- this configuration provides much free space above the sliding members and the stationary impact members, and the resulting strong disturbance of the air stream causes heavy stray and much escape.

Positioning of the feed opening just above the sliding members limits stray and escape 5 to certain extend, but cannot avoid that still intense wear develops along the feed opening by escape and back bouncing particles. This means that the position of the feed opening has to be continuously adjusted in both vertical and also in horizontal direction when wear develops in irregular way as is often the case; that is, adjustment at least with each exchange of sliding members, which is time consuming and increases down time. 10 Adjustment of the position of the feed pipe member in both vertical and horizontal direction for careful positioning of the feed opening central just above the impellers, requires with the known configurations rather complicated constructions, and such positioning adjustment devices are known from US 2004/0011906 (cited before), US 5,083,714 (Vendelin), US 4,699,326 (cited before), US 5,533,685 (cited before) and US 15 4,326,676 (Rose). A more simple feed member construction is known from EP 0740961 (Kihara), but the latter is in fixed position and as such not adjustable in height. But wear remains even with these devices intense along the feed opening, and it cannot be avoided that the feed pipe is frequently damaged and has to be replaced before completely worn off.

20 WO 01/45846, which is drawn up in the name of the applicant, provides a solution to the problems discussed before with the known configurations. The known sliding member is here provided with a straight inner side that is in angled position; that is, that the lower edge of the inner side is positioned at a greater radial distance from the axis of rotation than the higher edge, which configuration hinders bouncing back towards the feed opening 25 and escape of particles. However, with this known configuration particles have a strong tendency to concentrate at the bottom of the inner side, where the angled face meets the open rotor, from where the particles are delivered to the sliding members, which one sided distribution along the sliding face limits both life time and capacity of the sliding members because wear concentrates along the bottom edge of the sliding face.

30 WO/2010/005287, which is also drawn up in the name of the applicant, solves also this problem, in that the known sliding member is provided with an inner face that is positioned behind the straight plane with on it the bottom edge and the top edge of the inner face, such that a concave inner face is created, which creates an essential closed inner space when the sliding member is rotating around at high velocity, a kind of rotating bowl, 35 that hinders bouncing back and pull to the particles, limiting if not eliminating escape, and provides delivery of the particle stream at the centre of the inner face, which means that -5- particle traffic along the sliding face spreads in vertical direction, which means that wear also spreads, which increases both lifetime and capacity of the sliding member, and limits energy.

The known configurations of open rotors with straight angled and concave inner 5 faces, the latter is the preferred configuration, make it possible to sink the feed pipe at a level just in front of the rotating top edge of the inner face, in a way that escape is hindered, with wear and damage to the feed pipe is significantly reduced, possibly to nil. However, particle traffic is not yet completely controlled because the airstream can still circulate in upward direction between the sliding members and in front of the stationary 10 impact member, causing turbulence in the upper comer of the crushing chamber, as well as above the open rotor where the stream circulates back to the centre part of the open rotor, which means that upward stray of centrifugally thrown particles, and to a certain extend escape through pull, remains a problem, which uncontrolled particle traffic affects impact intensity, causes wear, and consumes energy.

15

AIM OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is, therefore, to provide a configuration of a crushing chamber with an open rotor as described before that does not have these disadvantages, or 20 at least displays these to a lesser extent; that is, to provide a configuration where particle traffic in the crushers housing proceeds in a more controlled way during acceleration and during impact, such that impact intensity is increased because particles focus the impact face more accurately, wear is reduced because contact of the particles along the feed opening of the feed pipe and along the inner lid lining is largely avoided, and less energy is 25 consumed because turbulence is averted.

The invention is further described in the description and the claims, to which reference is made.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a configuration of the stationary impact member that avoids a circumferential joint or open space that stretches along the upper 30 comer of the crushing space between the impact member and the lid lining, which is possible with low lid positioning.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a very simple and efficient construction for feeding or metering the particle material to the rotor that presents very easy adjustment of the position of the feed opening, which is possible with low lid positioning.

35 -6-

BRIEF SUMMARY

This Brief Summary is provided to introduce simplified concepts relating to the aim 5 of the invention, which is further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

The aim of the invention is achieved with a configuration of crusher housing provided with an open rotor described before, where: 10 - the inner side of the sliding block stretches in vertical direction between a top edge and a bottom edge which is positioned at a similar or greater radial distance away from the axis of rotation that the top edge, such that the inner side is positioned essentially on or behind the straight plane or line with on it the bottom edge and the top edge, creating a confined central space between the inner sides that surrounds the axis of rotation in regular 15 way; - the circular feed opening of the feed pipe is positioned below the first horizontal plane with on it the top sides of the sliding blocks, creating a sunk feed pipe of which the feed opening is surrounded by the upper part of the inner sides, which upper part of the inner side is preferably not larger than one tenth of the vertical distance between the top 20 side and the bottom side of the sliding block, but can be taken smaller or larger depending on practical conditions, creating a contained area of low pressure in the centre space of the open rotor when the open rotor rotates at high velocity; - the inner lid lining face stretches from around the feed pipe member towards the surrounding stationary impact member along an essentially second horizontal plane that is 25 positioned as close as practical possible to the first horizontal plane, such that the vertical distance between the first and the second horizontal plane is not greater than one third of the vertical distance between the top side and the bottom side of the sliding block member, such that the crushing space does not extend to area above the impact member, which hinders upward movement and turbulence of the air flow that is accelerated by the open 30 rotor, creating controlled particle traffic in that the stream of accelerated particle material accurately focuses the impact face and contact of the particles along the feed opening and along the inner lid lining is limited which reduces both wear and energy.

The combination of low lid positioning with an open rotor provides - so to say - ‘a -7- closed rotor with a stationary upper rotor blade’, which has proven to be most effective to control particle traffic in the crusher housing, providing a high impact intensity, low wear along the inlet opening and along the inner lining, and saves on energy because turbulence is largely avoided.

5

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For better understanding, the aims, characteristics and advantages of the device of the invention, which have been discussed, and other aims, characteristics and advantages of 10 the device of the invention, are explained in the following detailed description of the device of the invention in relation to accompanying diagrammatic drawings.

Figure 1, shows, diagrammatically, a side view of a crusher housing according prior art; 15 Figure 2, shows, diagrammatically, a top view (A-A) of the crusher housing from figure 1;

Figure 3, shows, diagrammatically, a top view the crusher housing from figure 1 with the movement of the air stream;

Figure 4, shows, diagrammatically, a side view (B-B) from the crusher housing from 20 figure 3;

Figure 5, shows, diagrammatically, a first side view, of a first embodiment of a crusher housing according the invention explaining the essentials of the invention;

Figure 6, shows, diagrammatically, a detailed second side view of the crusher housing from figure 5; 25 Figure 7, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of rotor and the impact member of the crusher housing from figure 5;

Figure 8, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the impact member of the crusher housing from figure 5;

Figure 9, shows, diagrammatically, a side view, of a second embodiment of a crusher 30 housing according the invention, for illustration provided with two types of impact members;

Figure 10, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the anvil impact member of the crusher housing from figure 9;

Figure 11, shows, diagrammatically, a side view, of the second embodiment of a 35 crusher housing according the invention from figure 9; -8-

Figure 12, shows, diagrammatically, a top view, of a part of a second embodiment of a crusher housing according the invention, for illustration provided with two types of impact members;

Figure 13, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the anvil impact member of the 5 crusher housing from figure 12;

Figure 14, shows, diagrammatically, a side view of the anvil impact member from figure 13;

Figure 15, shows, diagrammatically, a side view of the anvil impact member from figure 13.

10

BEST WAY OF IMPLEMENTING THE DEVICE OF THE INVENTION

A detailed reference to the preferred embodiments according the invention and other embodiments, is given below. Examples thereof are shown in the appended drawings. 15 Although the invention will be described together with the preferred embodiments, it must be clear that the embodiments described are not intended to restrict the invention to those specific embodiments. On the contrary, the intention of the invention is to comprise alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which fit within the nature and scope of the invention as defined by appended claims.

20

Prior art

Figure 1 and 2, and figures 3 and 4, show, diagrammatically, a crusher housing (1) of prior art that is provided with a so-called open rotor (2) that carries the sliding members 25 (3) on top of the open rotor face (4). The crusher housing (1) comprises a drum member (5) of which the drum wall (6) stretches in vertical direction and is on top provided with a lid member (7) that is here of one part but can be out of more parts and is provided with a central opening (8) and a lid lining member (9) that is here out of one part, but is normally out of several parts, of which the inner lid lining face (10) that faces the open rotor (2) and 30 stretches in horizontal direction, here between the central opening (8) and the drum wall (6), and is in the centre provided with a shaft (11) that carries the open rotor (2) which is rotatable about an essentially vertically directed central axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction (12), which central opening (8) is provided with a feed member (13), here an feed pipe, that is out of at least one part and stretches in vertical direction between a feed 35 member top edge (14) that is provided with an feed opening (15) and a feed member lower -9- edge (16) that is provided with an essentially circular feed opening (17) that has a diameter equal or greater than the diameter of the feed opening (15) and of which the centre point (18) essentially coincides with the axis of rotation (0), for metering the material onto the feed plate (19) which is carried centrally by the open rotor (2).

5 The metered material is here accelerated in one step with the sliding member (3) that is positioned around the feed plate (19) of the open rotor (2) and is here provided with a standing inner side (20) that faces the axis of rotation (0) and stretches in vertical direction between a higher inner side edge (21) and a lower inner side edge (22), and an outer side (23) that faces the stationary impact member (24) that surrounds the open rotor (2) and 10 stretches between a bottom edge (25) and a top edge (26), and at least one sliding face (27) that stretches into the direction of the outer edge (28) of the open rotor (2) between the inner side (20) and the delivery end (23), and in vertical direction between a top side (29) that faces the lid protection shield (9) and a bottom side (30) that faces the open rotor (2), for collecting (31) and accelerating (32) the metered material by centrifugal force, which 15 accelerated material stream is thrown (33) from the open rotor (2) towards a stationary impact member (24), here a stator out of one piece, which is provided with a standing inner face (34) that stretches in vertical direction between a lower inner face edge (35) and a higher inner face edge (36), and is provided with at least one impact face 0 which is transversally directed to the accelerated stream of material paths that are thrown (33) from 20 the open rotor (2).

Due to the airstream generated by the open rotor (2) - the rotating open rotor (2) behaves essentially as a pump creating an area of high pressure (58) in the centre space (57) of the open rotor (2) that is surrounded by the inner sides (42) of the sliding members (43), and areas of high pressure (53) in the free space (51) around the open rotor (2), as 25 explained in WO/2010/005287 (cited before) and indicated in figures 3 and 4 - particle traffic (55)(60) in the crusher housing (1)(67) proceeds largely uncontrolled when the inner lid lining member (48) is positioned well above the open rotor (2).

So do particles have a strong tendency to escape (37) through the gap or slit opening (38) between the outer edge (39) of the feed opening (40) and the higher inner side edges 30 (41) of the inner sides (42) of the rotating sliding members (43), which goes at the expense of the impact intensity that is achieved, and causes rather heavy wear along the feed opening (40). To hinder such escape (37) the feed opening (40) has to be positioned just above the top edge (41) of the inner side (42) of the sliding member (43), in which position - 10- the feed member (44) experiences heavy wear along the lower edge (45). The feed member (44) is therefore provided with an adjustment device (46) that makes it possible to adjust the position of the feed opening (40) in both vertical and horizontal direction. Wear along the feed opening (40) remains however intense and can even lead to breakage, causing 5 escape of particles, and the feed member (44) has to be frequently replaced. The lid member (47) is with the known art provided with a inner lid lining member (48) positioned well above the sliding members (43) and above the stationary impact members (49), which allows the airstream, which rotates (50) with the open rotor though the free space (51) between the open rotor (52) and the stationary impact member (49) and creates a vortex 10 (54) with an area of high pressure in the comer space (53) above the stationary impact member or stator (49), to circulate upwards with the vortex (54) and to circulate (55) through the upper space (56) above the rotating sliding members (43) back to the centre space (57) of the open rotor (52) which is an area of low pressure (58). The vortex (54) and circulating (55) airstreams further disturb the particle movement (59)(60), at the expense of 15 further reduction of the impact intensity (61), as well as increased wear along the inner lid lining face (48) of the lid lining member (62), the stator (49), and outer edge (63) of the open rotor (52), and increases energy consumption, while adjustment of the position and frequent replacement of the feed member (44) goes at the expense of significant down time. In theory better results - that is less escape (37) of particles and reduced recirculation 20 (55) of the air stream - can be obtained when the feed opening (40) is positioned just in front of the top edges (41) of the inner sides (42) of the sliding members (43), but such positioning (not shown here) has proven to be not effective because such positioning causes sharp increase of wear with the known configuration and causes breakage damage along the feed opening (40). With the crusher housing (1)(64) of prior art it is therefore 25 common practice to position the feed opening (17)(40) central just above the inner sides (20)(42) of the sliding members (3)(43), as indicated in figures 1 and 2. Another approach is to position the feed opening (40) well above the sliding members (43) but such configuration (not shown here) provides even more free upper space (56) above the sliding members (43) and the comer space (53) above the stationary impact members (49), and has 30 the disadvantage of intense and chaotic vortex (54) and circulating (55) air stream. Recirculation (55) of the airstream can be hindered by placing the lid protection shield (62) closer to the sliding members (43), limiting the free upper space (56) above the sliding members (43) and comer space (53) above the stationary impact members (49), but such -11 - configuration (not shown here) is only partly effective because the gap (38) between the outer edge (39) of the feed opening (40) and the top edges (41) of the inner faces (42) of the rotating sliding members (43) cannot be effectively closed, and recirculation (55) of the airstream and escape (37) of particles remains a problem. The situation gets for the 5 mentioned configurations even worse when the stationary impact member (49) is an armoured ring with protruding anvils (not shown here) that are positioned close to the open rotor (52).

Overview 10

Figures 5, 6 and 7 show, diagrammatically, a first embodiment (65) of the crusher housing (67) according the invention that is provided with a drum member (68) that is on top provided with lid member (69) that is provided with a central opening (70), creating a crushing chamber (71) underneath the lid member (69); an open rotor (72) that is carried 15 by the crusher housing (67) with the aid of a shaft member (73), such that the open rotor (72) is rotatable about an essentially vertically directed axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction, here two directions (74), such that that the open rotor (72) is positioned centrally underneath the central opening (70), which open rotor (72) is provided with a feed plate (75) that stretches in regular way around the axis of rotation (0); a feed member (76), that 20 is carried by the lid member (69) and is provided with a feed pipe member (77) with a circular feed opening (78) that extends through the central opening (70) into the crushing chamber (71) and of which the centre point (79) essentially coincides with the axis of rotation (0), such that the height or level (80) at which the feed opening (70) is positioned can be adjusted, for feeding the material onto the feed plate (75); a lid lining member (81), 25 that is carried underneath the lid member (69) and is of at least one part and is of wear resistant material, and is provided with an inner lid lining face (82) that is directed towards the open rotor (72) and stretches essentially from a close distance (83) around the feed pipe member (77) into the direction of the drum member (68), for protection of the lid member (69) against wear; acceleration units (84) that each comprise at least one essentially 30 rectangular shaped sliding block member (85) which is formed of at least an iron based alloy and is carried on top of the open rotor (72) at a location around the feed plate (75), which sliding block member (85) is provided with a bottom side (86) that stretches essentially along the upper side (87) of the open rotor (72), a top side (88) that stretches - 12- essentially parallel to the bottom side (86), an inner side (89) that is directed towards the axis of rotation (0), and at least one sliding face (90) that stretches along an essentially vertical plane (91) into the direction of the outer edge (92) of the open rotor (72) for accelerating the material under influence of centrifugal force, such that a stream of 5 accelerated particle material (93) is thrown around from the open rotor (72) at high velocity; a stationary impact member (94) that is of at least one piece and is formed of at least an iron based alloy and is carried by the drum member (68), stretching a distance away around the open rotor (72), and is provided with a at least one impact face (95) that is directed transversally to the stream of accelerated particle material (93), creating a 10 crushing space (96) between the open rotor (72) and the impact member (94) for crushing of the particle material.

The configuration is essentially similar to the one shown in figures 1 and 2, but differs in important ways from the known configurations of prior art (1)(64), such that particle traffic (97)(98)(99) proceeds in a more controlled way. So stretch the inner sides 15 (89) of the sliding block member (85) in vertical direction between a top edge (100) and a bottom edge (101) which is positioned at a similar or greater radial distance (102) away from the axis of rotation (0) than the top edge (100), such that the inner side (89) is positioned essentially on or behind the straight plane (103) or line with on it the bottom edge (101) and the top edge (100) - preferably a concave inner side (104) - creating a 20 confined centre space (105) surrounded by the inner sides (89) and surrounds the axis of rotation (0) in regular way. Furthermore is the circular feed opening (78) of the feed pipe member (77) positioned below the first horizontal plane (106) with on it the top sides (88) of the sliding block members (85), creating a sunk feed pipe (77) of which the feed opening (78) is surrounded by the upper part (108) of the inner sides (89), which feed 25 opening (78) stretches along a straight third essentially horizontal plane (152), such that the vertical distance (153) between the first (106) and the third horizontal plane (152) is preferably not larger than one tenth of the vertical distance (109) between the top side (88) and the bottom side (86) of the sliding block member (85) - but can be taken larger or smaller - creating a contained area of low pressure (110) in the centre space (105) when the 30 open rotor (72) rotates at high velocity. And the inner lid lining face (82) stretches from around the feed pipe member (77) towards the surrounding impact member (94) along an essentially second horizontal plane (110) that is positioned as close as practical possible to the first horizontal plane (106), such that the vertical distance (154) between the first (106) -13 - and the second (110) horizontal plane is not greater than one third of the vertical distance (109) between the top side (88) and the bottom side (86) of the sliding block member (85), such that the crushing space (96) does not extend to space (111) above the impact member (94), which low lid positioning (97) hinders upward movement (54) and turbulence (55) of 5 the air flow that is accelerated by the open rotor (72), creating controlled particle traffic with the stream of accelerated particle material (97)(99) more accurately focusing the impact face (95) with limited contact of the particles along the feed opening (78) and along the inner lid lining face (82).

The combination of the confined centre space (105), sunk feed pipe (77), and low lid 10 positioning of the inner lid lining face (82) that stretches along the second horizontal plane (110) provides controlled particle traffic; with the proven effects that vortex building (54) is almost completely hindered, which almost complete eliminates escape (37) of particles through the slit opening (115) between the feed pipe member (77), almost completely hinders recirculation (55) of the air stream from the crusher space (96) around the open 15 rotor (72) to the confined centre space (105) of the open rotor (72), and avoids almost completely vortex formation (54) of the airstream towards the inner lid lining face (82) above the stationary impact member (94) and in the crushing space (96) between the stationary impact member (94) and the open rotor (72); with the result of much less disturbance (54)(55) of the particle movement which creates improved impact intensity, 20 much less wear along the feed opening (78), along outer edge (92) of the open rotor (72) and along the inner lining face (82) and lower energy consumption. The stationary impact member (94) is here indicated as a stator member (116) composed of stator segments (117) - detailed in figure 8 - that are positioned next to each other such that a composed stationary stator member (118) is created with a composed impact face (119). The inner 25 face (120) of the stator member (116) that is directed towards the axis of rotation (0) is here along the upper edge (121) of the impact face (95) provided with a lip member (122) that extends with its inner border (123) into the direction of the axis of rotation (0) such that it faces the outer border (124) of the lid lining member (81) creating a common circumferential joint (125) that stretches just in front of the upper comer (126) of the 30 crushing space (96), hindering concentration of wear along the circumferential joint (125).

The invention allows that at least the part (130) of the lid lining member (81) that is positioned vertically above the open rotor (72), is constructed of a wear resistant synthetic material.

- 14-

According the invention the lid lining member is constructed of a wear resistant material; that is of at least an iron based alloy; and the lid lining member can at least partly along the inner lid lining face be provided with a inserts or otherwise incorporated materials that provide a high wear resistance that the other construction material, which 5 can include ceramic materials; or more specific: employ iron, carbon steel, or an alloy of iron or steel, as the base metal, and other metals may be used such as, for example, aluminum, stainless steel, copper, nickel, alloys of any of these, or the like; and employ alumina and/or zirconia as the ceramic material, other ceramic materials may also be used such as, for example, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, zirconia-toughened alumina, 10 partially stabilized zirconia ceramic, silicon carbide, silicon oxides, aluminum oxides with carbides, titanium oxide, brown fused alumina, combinations of any of these, or the like; ceramic materials are embedded in the base metal in the form of inserts formed of ceramic particles held together with an adhesive, while in other embodiments the ceramic materials may comprise loose particles or grains of ceramic material embedded in the base metal; 15 and at least the partly; that is, positioned vertically above the open rotor, be constructed of a wear resistant synthetic material, or the like.

Figure 9 and 10 show, diagrammatically, a second embodiment (131) of the crusher housing (132) according the invention, with sliding blocks (168) with concave inner sides (169) creating a confined centre space (170) between the inner sides (169) of the sliding 20 blocks (168), with a sunk feed pipe (77) creating a contained area of low pressure in the confined centre space (170) when the open rotor (137) rotates at high velocity, and with the inner lid lining face (172) positioned close to the top side (173) of the sliding blocks (168) creating controlled particle traffic (174)(175).

The configuration of second embodiment (131) is essentially similar to the first 25 embodiment (65) describes in figures 5 and 6, but provided with a feed member (133) according the invention. For illustration is the crusher housing (132) here provided with two different kinds of impact members (134)(135), here both for two way operation; that is, symmetrical anvil impact members (134), detailed in figures 11 with circular lip member (177), surrounding the open rotor (137) at a short radial distance (138) providing a 30 common circumferential joint (136), likewise with the stator impact members (135), detailed in figure 8 as (117), surrounding the open rotor (137) at a greater radial distance (139).

The feed member (133) is provided with a hinged feed member (151) pivotal about a - 15- hinge member (150) such that the feed member (133) can be opened (140) to adjust the position of the feed opening (141) and for exchange of the feed pipe member (142). The feed pipe member (142) comprises a removable standing circular cylindrical feed pipe member (143) that along the top edge (144) is surrounded with a collar member (145); a 5 lower feed member (146) that is fixedly attached to the lid member (147) and supports the feed pipe member (142) with the aid of removable position adjustment parts (148) that can be inserted underneath the collar member (145) to adjust the position of the feed opening (141), which position adjustment parts (148) are here designed as U-shaped parts that can be inserted on top of each along the position part holders (149), and can for example have a 10 thickness of 10mm each, but other position adjustment parts (not shown here) are possible according the invention, for example ring members (not shown here) that surround the feed pipe (142) member underneath the collar member (145). The hinged feed member (151) can be opened (140) and closed (not shown here) such that the feed pipe member (142) is in a mechanically locked position, here downward pressed upon the position adjustment 15 parts (148), where the hinged feed member (151) can be constructed, at least partly, of a lighter construction material, for example aluminium, to limit the weight during opening (140) of the feed member (133).

Figure 12, shows, diagrammatically, a third embodiment (155) provided with anvil impact members (156), detailed in figures 13,14 and 15, for one way operation with a lip 20 member (157) that protrudes along the upper edge (158) of the impact face (159), such that the anvil impact members (156) create a circumferential upper border (157) with an essentially knurled shape (160) when placed next to each other surrounding the rotor (161). The anvil impact member (156) is central along the upper edge (162) of the back face (164) provided with an upper hook member (165) and central along the lower edge (136) 25 with an lower hook member (166) for attachment to the drum wall (167), either directly or with the aid of a cage member (not shown here); which hook members can be configured in different way.

The above descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been given with a view to illustrative and descriptive purposes. They are not intended to be an 30 exhaustive list or to restrict the invention to the precise forms given, and having due regard for the above explanation, many modifications and variations are, of course, possible. So is a protruding lip member (122) along the upper edge (121) of the impact face (119) of the impact member (118) a preferred configuration, but the invention allows also for other -16- configurations of the common circumferential joint (125), as long as the crushing space (96) does not extend to space(l 11) above the stationary impact member (94).

The embodiments have been selected and described in order to describe the principles of the invention and the practical application possibilities thereof in the best 5 possible way in order thus to enable others skilled in the art to make usl.e in an optimum manner of the invention and the diverse embodiments with the various modifications suitable for the specific intended use. The intention is that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims according to reading and interpretation in accordance with generally accepted legal principles, such as the principle of equivalents and the revision of 10 components.

Although the disclosure uses language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, the claims below are not limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as illustrative forms of implementing the invention.

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Claims

Method for breaking partial material, comprising: - a breaker housing (67) which is provided with a boiler member (68) with an essentially vertical boiler wall (66) provided with a cover member (69) at the top which consists of at least a part and is provided with a central opening (70), creating a breaking space (71) under the cover member (69); - an open rotor (72) carried by the breaker housing (67) with the aid of a shaft member (73), such that the open rotor (72) is rotatable about a substantially vertical axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction ( 74), such that the open rotor (72) is arranged centrally underneath the central opening (70), which open rotor is provided with a feed plate (0) which regularly extends around the axis of rotation (0); - a feed member (76) carried by the cover member (69) and provided with a feed pipe member (77) with a circular feed opening (78) protruding through the central opening (70) into the breaking space (71), center point of which feed opening (78) substantially coincides with the axis of rotation (0), such that the position of the feed opening (78) is adjustable, for feeding the material on the feed plate (75); - a cover protection plate (81), made of wear-resistant material, which is supported on the underside of the cover member (69) and consists of at least a part, and is provided with a protection surface (82) directed towards the open rotor (72) and extends essentially a short distance (83) around the feed pipe member (77) in the direction of the boiler wall (66), to protect the cover member (69) from wear; - acceleration members (84), each of which consists of at least a part of a substantially rectangular-shaped guide block member (85) and is formed of an iron-based alloy, and is supported on the top of the open rotor (72), which guide block member ( 85) is provided with a bottom side (86) extending along the top side (87) of the open rotor (72), a top side (88) extending essentially parallel to the bottom side (86), an inner side (89) facing the axis of rotation 30 (0) such that the inner sides (89) surround the feed plate (75) and at least one guide surface (90) extending in the direction of the outer edge (92) of the open rotor (72) ) for accelerating the material by means of centrifugal force such that a stream of accelerated material (93) is flung at high speed from the open rotor (72); - a stationary impact member (94) consisting of at least a portion and formed of at least one iron-based alloy and being carried along the boiler wall 0 at a radial distance from the rotor (72), and being provided with at least one impact spot (95) directed transversely to stream of accelerated material (93), creating a breaking space between the open rotor (72) and the stationary impact member (94), for breaking the material; - characterized in that: 10. the inside (89) of the guide block member (85) extends vertically between an upper edge (100) and a lower edge located at an equal greater radial distance (102) from the axis of rotation (0) then the top edge (101), such that the inner side (89) is on or behind the straight falcon (103) or line with the bottom edge (101) and the top edge (100) thereon, creating a limited central space (105) 15 between the inner sides (89); - the circular feed opening (78) of the feed pipe (77) (107) is located under a substantially horizontal first straight plane (106) with the tops (88) of the guide block members (85) thereon, creating a sunken feed pipe (78) the feed opening of which is surrounded by the top (108) of the inner sides (89), creating a controlled area of low pressure in the limited central space (105) when the open rotor (72) rotates at high speed; - the protective surface (82) extends from around the feed pipe member (77) to the surrounding impact member (94) along an essentially horizontal second straight plane (106) such that the vertical distance (154) between the first (106) and the second (110) horizontal plane is not greater than one third of the vertical distance (109) between the top (88) and the bottom (86) of the guide block member (85), creating a low position (97) break space 0 of the protection face (82) that hinders formation of vortex (54); - which combination of limited central space (105), lowered feed pipe 30 (77) (107) and low positioning (97) of the protective surface (82) contributes to impeding upward movement (55) and hinders turbulence of the air flow being accelerated by the rotating open rotor (72) and carries part material, creating that the flow of material (98) (99) is orderly accelerated along the guide surface (90) and accurately directed (93) to the impact surface (95) such that a maximum reduction intensity is generated and contact of material along the feed opening (78) and along the protection trap (82) is limited;

The method for breaking a partial material according to claim 1, wherein the breaking space (96) does not extend to the space (11) above the impact member (94);

3. Method for breaking part-shaped material according to claim 1, where the feed opening (78) extends along a straight third horizontal plane (152) such that the vertical distance (153) between the first (106) and the third (152) the horizontal plane does not exceed one tenth of the vertical distance (109) between the top (88) and the bottom (86) of the guide block member (85);

Device for breaking partial material according to claim 1, comprising: - a breaker housing (67), which is provided with a boiler member (68), essentially vertical boiler wall (66) provided at the top with a lid member (69) which consists of at least a part and is provided with a central opening (70), creating a breaking space (71) under the lid member (69); 20. an open rotor (72) carried by the breaker housing (67) by means of a shaft member (73) such that the open rotor (72) is rotatable about a substantially vertical axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction ( 74), such that the open rotor (72) is arranged centrally underneath the central opening (70), which open rotor is provided with a feed plate (0) which regularly extends around the axis of rotation (0); 25. acceleration members (84) each of which is a substantially rectangular-shaped guide block member (85) formed from an iron-based alloy and supported on the top of the open rotor (72), which guide block member (85) is provided with a bottom (86) extending along the top (87) of the open rotor (72), an top (88) extending essentially parallel to the bottom (86), an inner (89) facing the axis of rotation (0) and extending vertically between an upper edge (100) and a lower edge located at an equal greater radial distance (102) from the axis of rotation (0) than the upper edge (101) such that the inner side (89) is located on or behind the straight falcon (103) or line with the lower edge (101) and upper edge (100) thereon, such that the inner sides (89) surround the feed plate (75), and at least one guide surface (90) extending in the direction of the exterior the edge (92) of the open rotor (72) for accelerating the material by means of centrifugal force, such that a stream of accelerated material (93) is flung around at high speed from the open rotor (72); - a feed member (76) carried by the cover member (69) and provided with a feed pipe member (77) with a circular feed opening (78) protruding through the central opening (70) into the breaking space (71), the center point of which feed opening (78) substantially coincides with the axis of rotation (0), and is located below a substantially horizontal first straight plane (106) with the tops (88) of the guide block members (85) thereon, creating a sunken feed pipe ( 77) (107) whose feed opening is surrounded by the top (108) of the inner sides (89), such that the position of the feed opening (78) is adjustable, for feeding the material on the feed plate (75); 15. a cover protection plate (81), made of wear-resistant material, which is supported on the underside of the cover member (69) and consists of at least a part, and is provided with a protection surface (82) directed towards the open rotor (72) and extends essentially a short distance (83) around the feed pipe member (77) in the direction of the boiler wall (66); 20. a stationary impact member (94) consisting of at least a portion and formed of at least one iron-based alloy and being carried along the boiler wall () at a radial distance from the rotor (72), and being provided with at least an impact spot (95) directed transversely to stream of accelerated material (93); 25. characterized by: - the protective surface (82) extending from around the feed pipe member (77) to the surrounding impact member (94) along a substantially horizontal second straight plane (106) such that the vertical distance (154) between the first (106) and the second (110) horizontal plane does not exceed one third of the vertical distance (109) between the top (88) and the bottom (86) of the guide block member (85);

The device for breaking partial material according to claim 4, wherein - 21 - the breaking space (96) does not extend to the space (111) above the impact member (94);

The device for breaking a partial material according to claim 4, wherein the feed opening extends along a third substantially horizontally oriented straight surface (152) such that the vertical distance (153) between the first (106) and the second ( 152) the horizontal plane is not greater than one tenth of the vertical distance (109) between the top (88) and the bottom (86) of the guide block member (85); 10 15 20 25 30 1039423