MXPA99011440A - Apparatus for changing rotation of pedal shaft for bicycle - Google Patents

Abstract

Se proporciona un aparato para cambiar la rotación de un eje de pedal para una bicicleta, en donde se pueden convertir las fuerzas de impulso hacia adelante y hacia atrás del eje del pedal sin carga, mediante acoplamiento indirecto, y la bicicleta se puede jalar hacia atrás bajo las condiciones establecidas para moverse hacia adelante. El aparato incluye:un alojamiento de rueda dentada instalado para girar libremente centrando el eje del pedal, al que se fijan un engrane de anillo y un anillo de cambio de cremallera que tiene los primeros topes en un sentido;un engrane solar instalado para girar integralmente con el eje del pedal;la rotación hacia atrás del portador se puede verificar mediante los primeros topes de un sentido del anillo de cambio de cremallera;un anillo de engrane de cambio acoplado con el portador para girar elásticamente a lo largo de la circunferencia con unángulo giratorio previamente determinado;un alojamiento de fijación que tiene los segundos topes en un sentido capaces de detener la rotación hacia atrás el portador;y un anillo de cambio de tope capaz de controlar los segundos topes de un sentido del alojamiento fijador.

Description

APPARATUS FOR CHANGING THE ROTATION OF THE BICYCLE PEDAL AXIS Technical Field The present invention relates to an apparatus for changing the rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle, which can move the bicycle forward when pedaling the bicycle forward or towards back, and more particularly, to an apparatus for changing the rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle, in which the stops operated by an operator using an operating lever are installed in a fixing housing and the stops control a gear shift ring so that a carrier to change forward and backward driving forces of a pedal axis can be controlled, so that the forward and backward driving force of the pedal shaft can control the carrier to through indirect coupling, and the bicycle can be pulled back without a load, when the operating lever is in position. BACKGROUND ART Apparatus has been disclosed for changing the direction of rotation of the pedal axle for a bicycle, capable of pulling the bicycle forward when pedaling the bicycle forward or backward. In particular, typical examples thereof are disclosed by Mantzoursos and co-inventors and Foster. In accordance with the invention of Mantzoursos and co-inventors (Publication E PO No. 0 369 925, published on May 23, 1990) two gears having a one-way mechanism are fixed to the pedal shaft and a pulse shift gear is installed between the two gears mentioned above, which can be removed. Thus, when the pulse change gear is coupled with the two above-mentioned gears, regardless of whether the axis of the pedals is rotated forward or backward, a sprocket rotates forward. According to the invention of Foster (U.S. Patent Serial Number 5,435,583), a gearbox is installed on a pedal shaft, in which two gears, a clutch assembly located on an axle between two gears , and a bevel gear that is placed between both two gears are installed. Here, the bicycle of this invention can move like a general bicycle by pedaling with the clutch disc with the right gear. However, when pedaling backward when the clutch disc is engaged with the left gear, the bevel gear changes the direction of rotation, so that the bicycle moves forward. The two above-mentioned inventions are significant in the aspect of the bi-directional pedaling apparatus that can move the bicycle forward when pedaling backward by adopting a pulse change portion. However, the life time of the bidirectional pedaling apparatus is shortened due to the abrasion of a specific portion in which a force required to change the direction of energy is concentrated. In presenting these weaknesses, the present inventor has disclosed an apparatus for changing the energy direction for a bicycle in Korean Patent Publication Number 97-42078 (PCT Publication No. WO97 / 21587, published on June 19, 1997). In accordance with the apparatus for changing the energy direction for a bicycle, an axle housing, which supports a pedal axis, has an opening portion, and first ratchets are installed along the internal circumference of the opening portion. , a changing ring has holes along the circumference and has an internal gear, a carrier has planetary gears, internal ratchet wheel teeth, and external ratchet wheel teeth, a sun gear, which is fixed to the pedal shaft , has second ratchets engaged with the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel, is coupled with the planetary gears, and a first gear that is coupled with the internal gear of the changing ring, rotates the changing ring with predetermined angle, so as to control the first ratchets. In the state in which the first pawls are not engaged with the external ratchet wheel teeth of the carrier, the apparatus can push a bicycle forward by pedaling forward, not moving the bicycle by pedaling the bicycle backwards like a conventional bicycle.

When the pedal shaft rotates forward in this state, the sun gear rotates forward which is fixed to the pedal axis, then the second ratchets of the sun gear engage with the internal ratchet wheel teeth, and the carrier rotates. And the planetary gears of the carrier are coupled with the inner rear portion of the toothed wheel cover, then the sprocket rotates forward. Therefore, the rear wheel of the bicycle rotates forward. On the other hand, when the pedal shaft rotates backward in this state, the second ratchets are not engaged with the ratchet wheel teeth of the carrier, then the pedal remains static. In the state in which the first pawls are engaged with the external ratchet wheel teeth of the carrier, the apparatus can pull a bicycle forward regardless of whether it is pedaling forward or backward. In this state, when the pedal axis rotates forward, the rear wheel of the bicycle rotates forward, the same operation of the case in which the first ratchets are not engaged. On the other hand, when the pedal shaft rotates backward in this state, the carrier is fixed to the shaft housing because the outer ratchet wheel teeth of the carrier are engaged with the first ratchets, the carrier's planetary gears rotate the portion of the carrier. Inner gear of the gear wheel cover, then the rear wheel of the bicycle moves forward.

But, the bicycle is pulled back in this state, the backward driving force of the sprocket, to which the toothed wheel cover is connected, is to rotate the planetary gears, and the planetary gears drive the gear solar forward, then the pedal shaft rotates backward. As a result, there is no function that the bicycle can be pulled back without a load on that device. Brief Description of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for changing the rotation of the pedal axle for a bicycle, when a bicycle is pulled rearward, the rearward driving force of the gear wheel housing of the gear wheel of the impulse chain, operates the carrier and the changing ring, so that the operation controls the first and second stops of one direction, the pedal axis rotates backwards, then the bicycle can be pulled back without a load. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a sectional view showing an apparatus for changing the rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the main parts of the apparatus shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a partial perspective sectional view showing the coupled state of the apparatus for changing the rotation of the pedal axis for a bicycle according to the present invention; Figure 4A is a partially open sectional view cut along line A-A of Figure 1, showing the state in which a shift lever of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is out of position; Figure 4B is a partial view of Figure 4A, showing a portion of ratchet wheel teeth of a changing gear ring with moderate degree of both directions. Figure 5 is a partially open sectional view cut along line A-A of Figure 1, showing the state in which a shift lever of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is in position; Figure 6 is a sectional view cut along line B-B of Figure 1; Figure 7 is a sectional view showing an apparatus for changing the rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the main parts of the apparatus shown in Figure 7; Figures 9A and 9B are sectional views cut along the line C-C of Figure 7, showing the state where a changing lever of the apparatus shown in Figure 7 is out of position; The Figures 1 0A and 1 0 B are a short section of the line C-C of Figure 7, showing the state where a changing lever of the apparatus shown in Figure 7 is in position; and Figure 11, is a sectional view taken along the line DD of Figure 7. Best Way to Carry Out the Invention As shown in Figure 1, a sun gear 300 is fixed to an axis of the pedal 100 by fixing means such as a tongue. Also, a fixation housing 500, a gear wheel housing 200 to which is attached an impulse chain toothed wheel 210, a carrier 400 on which are mounted planetary gears 400, a changing gear ring 600 and a changing ring of stops 900 are installed rotatably on the axis of the pedal 100. The fixing housing 500 and the gear housing 200 are rotatably connected to the axis of the pedal 100 by bearings 101 and 501. As shown in Figure 2, the Ring fixing portions 201 and 202, having a toothed portion similar to a tongue, are formed along the internal circumference of the gear wheel housing 200. A ring gear 700 is fixed to the inner circumference of the portion of the ring portion 200. ring fixing 201, and the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400 that will be described later, are driven when coupled with the ring gear 700. T Also, a ratchet wheel change ring 800 on which the first stops of one direction 810 are mounted is fixed to the ring fastening portion 202. The first one-way stoppers 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 are elastically entangled with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400 and an external tooth portion of the ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600 as shown in Figure 3. The planetary gears 410 are installed along of the circumference of the carrier 400 so that they rotate by means of fixation shafts 41 1. Also, the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400 are driven when coupled with the ring gear 700 of the gearwheel housing 200 and a gear portion 310 of the sun gear 300. Also, the carrier 400 is installed between the gear shift ring. ratchet wheel 800 of the gear wheel housing 200 and sun gear 300. Also, the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 are formed along the outer circumference of the carrier 400, and the first stops of a direction 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gearwheel housing 200 are interlocked with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 as shown in Figures 4A, 4B, 5, 9A and 10A.

The second stops of one direction 551 of the fixing housing 500 can be interlocked with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 of the holder 400. As shown in Figure 2, the circular protrusions 430 having a predetermined length along the circumference , they are formed on the side at the same intervals, and the circular projections 430 are coupled with circular grooves 630 which are formed on the side of the changing gear ring 600 at the same intervals. The circular protrusions 430 and the coupling projections 431 are formed along the circumference on one side of the carrier 400 alternately at the same interval. Also, coil springs 600 are installed in the circular grooves 630 of the changing gear ring 600 and simultaneously a ring washer 440 is engaged with the circular projections 430 and the coupling projections 431 of the carrier 400 to prevent the coil springs 640 separated from the circular grooves 630. Thus, the carrier 400 and the changing gear ring 600 are elastically coupled so that they rotate along the circumferences thereof with predetermined rotation angle. Next, the fixing housing 500 fixed to a bicycle frame (not shown) will be described. The fixing housing 500 has a cylindrical shape having an opening shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8, and the gear wheel housing 200 is engaged with the opening. Also, tabs and screws are formed on the outer circumference of a cylindrical portion 510 of the fixation housing 500, and the indian cylindrical portion 510 is fixed to the bicycle frame by coupling means such as an indian nut, washer and nut. Also, the stop seat 550 having a flange shape is formed integrally along the internal circumference of a circular plate portion of the fixer housing 500 as shown in Figures 2 and 8, and slits are formed in the seat of stops 550. The second stops of a direction 551 are installed in the slots of the stop seat 550 by means of torsion springs 552, so that the elasticity is applied towards the outside of the circumference of the stop seat 550. A lever gear 560 operating in connection with a shift lever 561 whose operation is controlled from the outside, for example, a handlebar of the bicycle, via connection means such as wire, is coupled on one side of the circular plate portion of the housing. fixator 500. Also, lever gear 560 can rotate the changing stop ring 900 at a predetermined angle. As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the stop cam 900 is installed on the outer circumference of the stop seat 550 of the fixer housing 500, and an annular gear portion 91 1 is formed in the outer circumference of the changing ring of stops 900 to rotate when engaged with the lever gear 560 coupled with the changing lever 561. On one side of the changing ring of stops 900, fastening portions 912 projecting perpendicular to the plane of the changing ring of stops 900, are formed together with the portion of the annular gear 91 1. The holding portions 912 of the changing stop ring 900 can be controlled by rotation of the changing stop ring 900, the second stops of one direction 551 of the fixing housing 500 engage with the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600. The holding portions 912, which are formed in the internal circumference of the changing ring of stops 900, can control the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixing housing 500 so as not to engage with the internal portion of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring. 600 As described above, the lever gear 560 is coupled with the annular gear portion 91 1 of the changing stop ring 900, thereby rotating the changing stop ring 900 to change its position. As a result of the change in changing ring position of stops 900, the fastening portions 912 of the changing stop ring 900 can control the second stops of one direction 551 of the fixer housing 500 as shown in Figures 4A, 5, 9A, 9B , 1 0A and 10B. That is, the one-way stoppers 551 of the locking housing 500 can control the rotation of the changing gear ring 600 by being interlocked with or released from the inner portion of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600. As described above, the changing gear ring 600 has the tooth portion of the inner ratchet wheel 620 and the tooth portion of the external ratchet wheel 610, and the circular grooves 630 having a predetermined length , on the side of them at the same intervals. The circular projections 430 of the carrier 400 are coupled with the circular grooves 630 of the changing gear vector 600, so that the carrier 400 can rotate at a predetermined angle, being coupled with the changing gear ring 600 as is shown in Figures 2, 4A, 4B and 5. Also, the second stops of one direction 551 of the fixing housing 500 are engaged with or released from the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear 600, as previously described. The first stops of one direction 81 or of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 are coupled with the portion of the teeth of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600.

In particular, the tooth portion of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600 has approximately the same radius as that of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400, and has a smooth slope compared to the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400. The first one-way stops 810 of the ratchet wheel changing ring 800 are elastically coupled with the tooth portion of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600 and the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400, so that the first stops of one direction 810 prevent the changing gear ring 600 and the carrier 400 from rotating rearwardly. The stop seats 801 in which the first one-way stops 810 can be mounted are formed at the same intervals along the internal circumference of the ratchet wheel change ring 800. The first one-way stops 810 are installed elastically in the stop seats 801 by the torsion rings 820. Since the first one-way stoppers 810 are engaged with the stop seats 801 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800, they project elastically against the stop seats 801, the first one-way stops 81 0 can maintain engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400 and the tooth portion of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600. Will be described below Another embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figures 7 to 11. As shown in Figure 8, a ring gear 700 and a ratchet wheel change ring 800 can be formed directly along the inner circumference of the wheel. cog housing 200. The teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 are formed along the internal circumference of a carrier 400. As shown in Figure 8, slits 441 are formed having a predetermined length on the carrier side 400 along the circumference at the same intervals, and the outgoing 650 formed next to the changing gear ring 600 at the same intervals are coupled with the slots 441. The annular gear portion 911 is partially formed in the changing stop ring 900, so that the lever gear 560 of the lever The change 561 is driven by being engaged with the annular gear portion 911. Also, the fastening portions 912 are formed in the internal circumference of the changing ring of stoppers 900 in the shape of a sawtooth. Next, the operation of the apparatus for changing the rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle in accordance with the present invention will be described.

When the pedal axle 100 is driven forward in the state in which the shift lever 561 is out of position, the bicycle can move forward. Meanwhile, when the axis of the pedal 100 is pushed back in the state, the bicycle remains motionless. This is the same function as that of a common bicycle. That is, when the shift lever 561 is out of position, the lever gear 560 connected to the shift lever 561 drives the annular gear portion 91 1 of the changing stopper ring 900, so that the retaining portions 912 of the shifting ring stops 900 presses the second stops of one direction 551 of fixer housing 500 as shown in Figures 4A, 9A and 9B. As a result, the second stops of one direction 551 of the fixation housing 500 are released from the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600. As shown in Figures 9A and 9B, the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixing housing 500 are released from the teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 formed inside the carrier 400. When the axis of the pedal 100 is driven forward in this state, the sun gear 300 rotates forward together with the axis of the pedal 100. Thus, the throttle lever 300 rotates towards the carrier 400 together with the changing gear ring 600 which is coupled with the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400. That is, as the first stoppers of one direction 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gearwheel housing 200 are interlocked with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400 and the portion of the teeth As shown in Figures 4A, 4B and 9A, the sun gear 300 rotates the carrier 400 forward when engaged with the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400. Here, the forward rotation of the carrier 400 rotates the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gear wheel housing 200 forward, so that the driving force is transferred to the rear wheel connected to the drive chain sprocket 210 of the cog housing 200 by a chain, pushing as? the bicycle forward. Meanwhile, when the pedal shaft 100 is driven backward, the sun gear 300 integrated with the pedal shaft 100 transfers backward rotation force to the carrier 400 when engaged with the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400. Here, when the carrier 400 rotates in a direction of the interrupted line arrow of Figure 4A, and in the direction of the arrow of Figure 9B, the teeth of ratchet wheel 420 of carrier 400 and the portion of the teeth of the wheel of The external ratchet 610 of the changing gear ring 600 slides against the first one-way stops 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gearwheel housing 200. Thus, the planetary gears 410 of the carrier 400 perform a movement of rotation together with the ring gear 700 of the gearwheel housing 200 without a load. This provides the same function as the static state of the pedal when pedaling a conventional bicycle forward. In the meantime, when the shift lever 561 is in position, the bicycle can move forward even if forward or backward driving force is provided to the pedal shaft 100. In the state in which the shift lever 561 is in position, the lever gear 560 of the shift lever 561 rotates the changing stop ring 900 at a predetermined angle, so that the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixer housing 500 are interlocked with the portion of the teeth of the ratchet wheel internal 620 of the teeth portion of the inner ratchet wheel 620 and the teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 of the carrier 400 as shown in Figures 5, 10A and 10B. When the axis of the pedal 100 is driven forward in this state, the sun gear 300 rotates forward together with the axis of the pedal 100. Thus, the sun gear 300 transfers the rotational force forward to the carrier 400 when coupled. with planetary gears 410 of carrier 400.

That is, as the first stops of one direction 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gear wheel housing 200 are interlocked with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400 and the portion of the teeth of the wheel of the wheel. External ratchet 610 of the changing gear ring 600, the sun gear 300 rotates the carrier 400 forward when engaged with the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400. Here, the forward rotation of the carrier 400 rotates the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gear wheel housing 200 forward, so that the driving force is transferred to the rear wheel connected to the driving chain sprocket 210 of the gear wheel housing 200 by a chain, thus pushing the bicycle forward. As shown in Figures 7 and 10A, the second stoppers of one direction 551 of the fixing housing 500, which protrude, are interlocked with the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600. However, the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600 and the teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 of the carrier 400 move slidably over the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixing housing 500. It is thus that, the changing gear ring 600 and the carrier 400 can directly rotate the gear wheel housing 200 forward. On the other hand, when the axis of the pedal 100 is driven backward, the sun gear 300 rotates back together with the axis of the pedal 100. Thus, the sun gear 300 transfers pulse force back to the carrier 400 and the ring of changing gear 600 being coupled with the planetary gears 410 of the carrier 400. Here, the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600 is interlocked with the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixing housing 500, to inhibit backward rotation of the changing gear ring 600. As a result, the rearward rotation of the carrier 400 is verified.

As shown in Figure 10B, the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600 and the teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 of the carrier 400 are interlocked with the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixing housing 500, so that the rearward rotation of the carrier 400 is verified. When the rearward rotation of the carrier is verified. 400, the sun gear 300 of the pedal shaft 100 rotates the planetary gears 410 of the carrier 400 forward. When the planet gears 410 of the carrier 400 rotate the ring gear 700 of the gearwheel housing 200 forward, the driving force is transferred to the rear wheel connected to the driving gear 210 of the gearwheel housing 200 by a chain , thus pushing the bicycle forward.

Also, as shown in Figure 4A or 5, the bicycle can be pushed back with the first one way stoppers 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gearwheel housing 200 which are interlocked with the carrier rt420. 400 and the teeth portion of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600. When the bicycle is pushed back in this state, the backward driving force is transferred to the pulse chain sprocket 210 connected to the rear wheel by a chain, so that the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the gear wheel housing 200 rotates rearwardly. Here, the carrier 400 and the changing gear ring 600 are engaged to rotate at a predetermined angle, and the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400 have approximately the same radius as that of the portion of the teeth of the wheel External Ratchet 610 Changing Gear Ring 600, and the portion of the teeth of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600 has a smooth degree. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 4B, the portion of the ratchet wheel teeth 61 0 of a ring gear with a diameter of 600 with a smooth degree of direction, pushes the first stops. in one direction 810 of an external direction of ratchet wheel change ring 800 (arrow in broken line) and in this way a gear wheel housing moves on the portion of the teeth of the ratchet wheel in the direction of the continuous line arrow of Figure 4B. Therefore, due to the fact that the rotation of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 is not transferred to the pedal axis 100, the bicycle can be pushed without a load. The gearwheel housing 200 rotates backwardly in companion with the backward rotation of the impulse chain sprocket 210. When the gearwheel housing 200 rotates rearward, the ring gear 700 of the gearwheel housing 200 rotates the planetary gears 410 of the carrier 400, so that rotation of the planetary gears rotates the sun gear 300 forward, and rotation of the sun gear 300 rotates the axis of the pedal 100 forward. It means that the bicycle can be pushed back while the axis of the pedal 100 rotates backwards. Also, as shown in Figures 10A and 10B, when the cogwheel housing 200 of the dcs210 rotates backward when the bicycle is pushed back, the first stoppers of one direction 810 of the ratchet wheel change ring 800 of the housing of the cogwheel 200 rotate back the teeth of the ratchet wheel 420 of the carrier 400 and the portion of the teeth of the external ratchet wheel 610 of the changing gear ring 600. Here, the teeth of the ratchet wheel 450 of the carrier 400 and the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel 620 of the changing gear ring 600 inhibit the rearward rotation of the second stops of a direction 551 of the fixing housing 500. However, as the portion of the teeth of the wheel Internal ratchet 620 of the changing gear ring 600 has a smooth degree, the carrier 400 and the changing gear ring 600 can rotate backward without interlacing with the second One way 551 of the fixing housing 500. Thus, when the carrier 400 rotates backward, the planetary gears 410 of the carrier rotate the sun gear 300 backward, and the sun gear 300 rotates the axis of the pedal 100 rearwardly. That is, it means that the bicycle can be pushed back while the axis of the pedal 100 rotates backward without a load. Industrial Applicability As previously described, in an apparatus for changing rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle in accordance with the present invention, in which a changing gear ring is coupled with a carrier to rotate at a predetermined angle, stops of a fixing housing, operated by a shift lever from the outside, control the changing gear ring, so that the carrier is indirectly controlled by the changing gear ring without a load, thus reducing the overload between the parts and the damage caused by the overload. Also, when the bicycle is pushed back, the backward driving force of a cogwheel housing of an impulse chain sprocket, operates the carrier and the changing ring, so that control of the rotation of the first and second stops of one direction, the axis of the pedal rotates backward, and then the bicycle can be pushed back without a load.

Claims (5)

1. CLAIMS 1. An apparatus for changing rotation of a pedal axis for a bicycle, comprising: a pedal shaft to which a sun gear is attached; a gear wheel housing coupled with the pedal shaft for freely rotating, having a ring gear and first stops of one direction in a cylindrical internal circumference; a carrier having planetary gears coupled with the ring gear of the gear housing and the sun gear of the pedal shaft, to maintain the gear wheel housing so as to rotate forward and backward; a movable gear ring coupled on the carrier side, having a portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel on the inner circumference and a portion of the teeth of the external ratchet wheel on the outer circumference having a smooth degree in both directions; a locking housing having second stops of one direction for rotating the changing gear ring and the carrier rearward or stopping the rotation rearward; a changing ring of stops capable of controlling the second stops of one direction of the fixing housing. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the carrier and the changing gear ring are coupled to rotate along the circumference at a predetermined angle of rotation. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the portion of the teeth of the external ratchet wheel of the changing gear ring has approximately the same radius as that of the teeth of the ratchet wheel formed on the outer circumference of the carrier. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the portion of the teeth of the inner ratchet wheel of the changing gear ring has approximately the same radius as that of the internal circumference of the carrier, and has a smooth degree compared to the teeth of the ratchet wheel of the carrier. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the portion of the teeth of the external ratchet wheel of the changing gear ring and the teeth of the ratchet wheel formed on the outer circumference of the carrier elastically support the first stops of a ring direction of ratchet wheel change of gear wheel housing. RESU MEN An apparatus is provided for changing the rotation of a pedal axle for a bicycle, where the driving forces can be converted forward and backward of the pedal axis without load, by indirect coupling, and the bicycle can be pulled backward under the conditions set to move forward. The apparatus includes: a gear wheel housing installed to rotate freely centering the pedal shaft, to which a ring gear and a rack change ring having the first stops in one direction are fixed; a solar gear installed to rotate integrally with the pedal axis; the rearward rotation of the carrier can be verified by the first stops of a direction of the rack change ring; a shift gear ring coupled with the carrier to rotate elastically along the circumference at a predetermined rotational angle; a fixing housing having the second stops in a direction capable of stopping the rearward rotation of the carrier; and a stop change ring capable of controlling the second stops of a direction of the fixing housing.