MXPA99003723A - Method and packaging utilizing calcium cyanamide for soil treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

Processes and structures for using calcium cyanamide fertilizer in a manner to greatly enhance its most effective oil treatment form prior to its application. Dry, dusty granules and fines of calcium cyanamide are placed directly into tanks of liquid for transformation or within biodegradable bags through which water can freely flow. The bags are submerged in a tank of water. The insoluble calcium oxide and carbon components thereof remain as solid residuals within the bags. Hydrolysis occurs and the solution is biocidal and ready for immediate application. The solution can be sprayed or irrigated onto a targeted soil area with conventional dispersal equipment. The remaining non-dissolved material in the bags can be dispersed on and into the plant crop soil. Additives of other fertilizers into the above solution can be used to enhance effectiveness. When the calcium cyanamide is placed directly into the liquid, the mixture will become slurry-like.

Description

METHOD AND PACKAGING USING CALCIUM CYANAMIDE FOR SOIL TREATMENT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of calcium cyanamide as a soil treatment before sowing and before the emergence of the plants dates back approximately one hundred years. In most cases, it has been applied topically as an insoluble dry nitrogen fertilizer, which has some pesticide qualities depending on its applied or latent moisture conditions. There are publications of previous techniques that recommend high regimens of ) application, 90.80 kg to 908 kg + per acre, to reduce the competitive plants of crops, weed seeds, soil animals and microorganisms. Calcium cyanamide has been recognized for a long time as a nitrogen fertilizer that has fertilizing and pest control effects. In these regimes, their uses as pest control, for practical and economic reasons, have disappeared in the United States in favor of selected pesticides. Contrary to calcium cyanamide, many of the nitrogen fertilizers commonly used today are immediately soluble in water and their metabolites are directly plant leaves and absorbable by the root. These nitrogen fertilizers, or their metabolites, have been shown to create areas that are harmful to plants, seeds, animals and microorganisms that are competitive with commercial crops. Also, certain caustic fertilizers described below do the same. However, these products alone have not been satisfactorily perfected as plant protectors. Recommendations to apply the calcium cyanamide fertilizer at levels below 90.8 kg per acre have not been given until now. As an example of the effectiveness of the methods taught herein, the prior art teaches a nematode reduction at 41% using 198.85 kg per acre of calcium cyanamide in "ideal wetting" soil versus an 86% reduction as a result using only 9.08. kg per acre when the procedures described here are followed. For various reasons, the use of calcium cyanamide as a fertilizer treatment for dry nitrogen has been drastically reduced in US agriculture in favor of soluble nitrogen fertilizers. These reasons include the independent unit cost of the high comparative energy of calcium cyanamide. A second reason is its high-cost biocide cost compared to recently developed pesticides. In the third place, its constitution of harmful, dusty and dry fine particles is not desirable for human management and makes it difficult to measure and calibrate only or with other fertilizers for maximum effectiveness. At a higher cost, the form in inferior analysis pills improves, but does not eliminate, the problems of handling by direct dry application. Fourth, several of the beneficial components of calcium cyanamide soil, namely calcium oxide and carbon, will clog the standard liquid spray applicators if it is to be dissolved in water for effective dispersion.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION One of the main advantages of this invention is to eliminate the need to apply (disperse) the calcium cyanamide (CaNCN) on the ground in a powdery and dry form of the product. The methods described herein not only eliminate this need, but significantly improve the performance of the product. The invention incorporates several methods to efficiently utilize calcium cyanamide for soil treatment by using newly developed fertilizer equipment and now used for liquid suspension of other insoluble fertilizer applications with or without other fertilizers and / or pesticides. The liquid spray equipment or irrigation injection commonly available can not be used until now, since a mixture of calcium cyanamide in water clogs the equipment due to the insolubility of certain components of calcium cyanamide, that is, calcium oxide and carbon. To correct this, the invention uses filter-quality packaging bags and other containers in tanks to capture insoluble components. Agricultural soils are a complex biosphere, physical, chemical and biological. When man makes the soil rich with fertilizers for desirable plant growth, it also becomes more attractive to unwanted and competitive weeds and other shoots that can hide the desired crop production. In this way, a product with initial pesticide qualities and nutritional qualities of later plants is very desirable, especially for treatment before sowing and after sowing. An objective of this invention is to make the cyanamide nitrogen reagent hydrolyzed in calcium cyanamide water activated immediately and completely before and / or during the application of soil diffusion of the product and, in this way, make it much more effective commercially This eliminates the dependence on the treatment of separate wetting and incorporation of the latent or delayed soil. Other objects of this invention are (i) to use the hydrolysis products of calcium cyanamide alone or in combination with other beneficial plant materials in a form to initially increase the deleterious effects against competitive outbreaks to the desired crops and (ii) prevent the loss of soil leaching and soil stabilization of their own N metabolites and other N forms of dormant soil or other N fertilizers, using the fully active hydrolyzed cyanamide nitrogen form, later referred to as N of cyanamide, also known to increase its known characteristic of interim debilitating soil microorganisms, which convert the N forms fixed to the soil to nitrate N forms environmentally undesirable and leachable. Another objective, contrary to the residual pesticides of food crops, is to provide a fertilizer without residues to control the pest through the critical harvest threshold for the pest. Another objective is to synergistically achieve the effects mentioned above with other fertilizers.

Due to the high liquid to insoluble / pesticidal fertilizer ratio and the calcium cyanamide liquefaction processes of this invention, the characteristics of the negative handling of fine, noxious particles spread by factories will no longer be harmful or air pollutants. The fine particles are changed from an undesirable application characteristic, becoming uniformly dissolved and calibrated, to an acceptable degree of accuracy and dispersible by fertilizer suspension devices or common liquid applications. This faces a rapid equilibration reaction to make the N of the soluble cyanamide effective before and during the application. Allows the use of soluble fertilizer additives for pH adjustments in sites. It allows synergism with food for plants applied simultaneously that have food for similar plants and pesticide effects. This improves its known effect of preventing leaching of the nitrogen food site for plants that can be used and are valuable for crops that are undesirable for other animal and human habitats. The aforementioned effects extend and increase the effectiveness of the invention many times and therefore, reduce the amounts previously required to compensate for the variable innate sites of chemical soil and moisture characteristics. In the case of simultaneous irrigation injection, the partial decomposition of the N of the cyanamide and the separated soil that dries the incorporation of the mechanical floor is eliminated. All of the above creates a new economic life with doses that can be used in agriculture and human and environmentally desirable management characteristics.

In summary, the following advantages and objectives are gained by using the procedures described here: 1.- Exposure to dust of fine particles / granules to humans is essentially eliminated. 2.- The accuracy of the application is improved by allowing a liquid application against a scattering of fine particles / irregular granules. 3.- Pulvurulent fine particles originating from low-cost factories can be used and are currently preferred. 4.- Shutdowns are reduced or eliminated substantially by obstruction of mud for liquid assortment. 5.- A balanced hydrolysis equilibrium reaction is ensured. 6.- You can easily adjust the liquid product to have the reach or acidity of the soil or soil water that you will probably find. 7.- Synergistic effects are achieved through the mutual utilization of bioactive characteristics commonly known as CaNCN and the pH stabilizing effect of bioactive caustic nitrogen forms and other fertilizers when mixed and used in the described procedure. Said mutual bioactivity, when combined, synergistically reduces the separate indices in which each can affect the site. 8.- The procedures reduce air losses that occur < when using dry applications. 9. - Effective doses are substantially lower, 10-20 times (kilos per acre). 10.- The procedures accurately make the possible site assortment of the neutralizing effect of the harmful delayed acidification of the common soluble nitrogen forms applied simultaneously. 1 1.- The procedures reduce the loss of nitrate groundwater from calcium cyanamide and all simultaneous soluble forms. 12.- The procedures help the objective of "Integrated Pest Management" (MPI) when dealing with a reduction in pesticide use, which is potentially harmful to the environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagrammatic / schematic chain view of a chemical event; Figure 2 is a plan view of a filter bag; Figure 3 is the bag of Figure 2 filled with calcium cyanamide; Figure 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a plurality of housings of the container of the bags shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view of a fertilizer system; Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of a filter bag supported by a mesh; Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view of a tank with agitator blades therein.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES As stipulated above, the methods and methods described herein make it possible to apply calcium cyanamide as a pesticide / fertilizer agent using available dispersion equipment and containers. Additionally, the procedures described here use water relations (14x +) for commercial product before its application in the target soil. When calcium cyanamide is mixed with water, in these ratios, a complete equilibrium hydrolysis transformation reaction is created immediately. This invention allows the use of existing agricultural field application procedures, i.e. solid / fluid and / or manual and mechanical suspension applications, distributed in the N-irrigation formation of cyanamide, whereby their value was dissipated as pesticide As will be seen later, the process of this invention regularizes the hydrolysis and maximizes the intensity and duration of the N of the cyanamide for an immediate maximum biocidal action. As can be seen in figure 1, if the soil and water are acidic, that is, they have a pH factor of 0 to 7, the urea is formed quickly from the N of the cyanamide which will subsequently change to N forms. of leachable nitrate, ammonium and ammonia that is fixed to the ground. Urea, ammonium and nitrate are recognized as beneficial to plants as food for plants, while urea and ammonia are also known to have biocidal effects. However, it is the initial complete biocidal action of N of cyanamide, which is sought without losing its beneficial fertilizing effects and its metabolites. If the calcium cyanamide is dispersed in an alkaline soil with a pH of 7 to 10, or if the water with which it is mixed is alkaline with a pH of 7 to 10 and the soil acts as a filter of the contained calcium, the N of cyanamide quickly becomes dicyanamide, which is not biocide. As the chemical reaction continues, the product will convert urea, ammonium and nitrate as previously demonstrated. As described herein, the preadition of a caustic fertilizer to ensure a pH of 10-14 causes the N anion of cyanamide to remain and biocide in alkaline soils until it reaches urea, etc. To obtain the combined benefit of calcium cyanamide as a pesticide and fertilizer, the formation and preservation of cyanamide N is essential. It is the N of the cyanamide that will act as a pesticide, and unless it is stabilized, it must be completely dispersed in the target soil shortly after its formation. Although the subsequent procedures described are for pre-planting applications, the experiments currently being done prove that these procedures are successful for environments both before planting and after planting.

As previously established, calcium cyanamide is powdery, noxious and difficult to handle. If mixed with water, the spreading is not easily achieved, since certain insoluble products resist when they reach the solution with water. This will cause clogging in ordinary liquid dispersion machines. The metabolisation direction of N of cyanamide is affected by the acidity or alkalinity of water and soil. In alkaline soils, the N of cyanamide between a pH of 7-10 is rapidly converted to dicyandiamide, which, although it becomes a bacterium of the biostatic N, can not be determined as a biocide. Therefore, when treating soils, the N of the cyanamide must be mixed in a solution to which caustic fertilizer will be added. This will overcome the filtration of the soil of the small amount of caustic calcium contained, thus maintaining a pH higher than 10, so that the shape of the N anion of cyanamide remains bioeffective. Subsequently, it will pass either to dicyandiamide or directly to urea, etc. In this way, it can be seen that the liquidization allows to adapt (calibrate) exactly the calcium cyanamide and N of the cyanamide with other fertilizers to be prepared previously for conditions of several soils and water. After testing, the additional soluble fertilizer and / or liquid or acid caustic can be added until the desired pH is obtained. Suitable mixtures regularize chemical reactions and stability. Liquidization also eliminates human exposure to harmful fine particles and allows one to accurately judge the amount of acidity or alkalinity that will be added for maximum effectiveness. Figure 2 is a plan view of a biodegradable filter bag 10 that can be filled with calcium cyanamide. Water is allowed to flow through it, thus hydrolyzing it to an N of the soluble cyanamide, capturing the carbon and calcium in the bag. Figure 3 is the bag shown in Figure 2 filled with calcium cyanamide. Figure 4 is only a diagrammatic representation of a large container 1 1 that can accommodate a plurality of bags 10 shown in Figure 3. Said container can be hermetically sealed and used for transportation and storage purposes. As can be seen in Figure 5 as a plurality of bags 10 is suspended within a tank 12 containing water and / or liquid fertilizers. The bags 10 will act as tea bags through which liquids can flow. To cause flow, the assembly is equipped with a conduit 16 that extends from the bottom of one end of the tank to a higher level at the other end of the tank. In the middle of the length of the duct 16 is a pump 18 that will cause a flow of recirculation of the fluid in the tank so that the water will pass through the bags 10 until the soluble cyanamide reaches the solution. Figure 5 also shows the bags 10 suspended in the tank by cords or handles. The insoluble products, mainly calcium oxide and will be retained in the bags 10.

These bags are made of a porous material such as paper, cloth or the like. Cracks in the material of bags 10 should be small enough to prevent the escape of calcium oxide and insoluble carbon, but large enough to allow water or similar liquid to pass through it. Sealed shipping containers can be provided with peel-off strips or the like for easy removal of bags and / or contents thereof. After sufficient recirculation, a clear liquid is sent to the outlet line 20 at the activation of a valve 22. The clear liquid 24 can be used with, and will not obstruct, conventional and common liquid spreaders or irrigation injectors. Subsequently, the solution is dispersed in the target soil. The biodegradable bags 10, now that _ > contain the calcium oxide and carbon are subsequently removed and placed in or machined in the same or similar target soil sites. In this way, neither the original calcium cyanamide nor the containers are wasted and a separate device is not required, since all of the soil / plant is beneficial. The liquid outlet line 20 can be sent directly to an irrigation system 24 or to a liquid fertilizer sprayer or injector diagrammatically represented by the number 25. In this field, this method is known as the tea bag method. A method of (coffee) can also be used. Cup-shaped filter-quality bags 28 having interlocked strands or handles are supported by a 30 mesh support basket. Granules and fine particles of calcium cyanamide are deposited in these biodegradable bags 28 as when the coffee is deposited in a filter bag in a conventional coffee maker. In Figure 6 the tank 12 is equipped with a lacing basket 26 thin enough to support a filter line 28 to retain fine particles and granules. This filter line material has approximately the same characteristics as the bags 10. When the lace basket / filter combination is used, the calcium cyanamide can be deposited in the filter line of one of the bags 10 or directly from another container. As in Figure 5, there will be means to circulate water within the tank so that the liquid will absorb the soluble compounds. It should also be noted that in Figures 5 and 6, a second tank 50 is available to contain other liquid fertilizers. Appropriate amounts of these fertilizers can be measured in tank 10 for an appropriate pH factor and for the treatment of required plant feed adapted for the soil, plant and water conditions that are treated by this combination. In the methods described above, it can be seen that the insoluble compounds are stopped in the biodegradable bags. The liquid component can be distributed by conventional equipment. In Figure 7, a tank 31 is shown having stirring blades 32 and 34 disposed therein and a duct 36 leading from one end of the tank to the other. The duct 96 is equipped with a heavy duty pump 37 and a valve 38. If desired, the duct 36 can be separated into three branches at the inlet end of the tank, i.e. at 40, 42 and 44. This will help distribute the circulating liquid, or suspension, through the tank. In this example, insoluble compounds, such as carbon and calcium oxide, will cause the liquid to become a type of suspension. Therefore, it is important that considerable agitation, with or without suspending agent, be available so that calcium and carbon remain in suspension until the product escapes through conduit 46. Conduit 46 leads either to a system Irrigation water injection or a newly developed spreader, equipped to distribute a solid suspension type product (eg, cast). The apparatuses and methods for handling the insoluble compounds in liquid suspension are known in the prior art. When the commercial cyanamide fertilizer is mixed with sufficient water (14x +) in the tank 12, the complete hydrolysis occurs and the N component of the cyanamide becomes immediately bioeffective and remains so, subject to the temperatures of the tank contents remaining below of 21.1 ° C. With irrigation line water temperatures usually from 10 ° C to 15 ° C, the stability of the N of the cyanamide to the site can be expected as a food for plants and pesticides. The N of the cyanamide, which is the weakening of the nitrification bacteria, causes the urea metabolites to last longer and not to leach in the following weeks. After the liquid has been sprayed at the target soil site, the bags contain carbon. and calcium oxide are distributed in the same or in a similar objective soil. The pockets and the calcium and carbon oxide will disintegrate and will become beneficially part of the soil. Another tank 50 is described for containing a liquid fertilizer having a higher or lower pH factor. Said fertilizer can be used to adapt the last liquid in tank 12 to the soil of the site to be found. In practice, the practitioner will predetermine the acidity or alkalinity of the soil and water that will be treated. The solution in tank 12 can be tested before or after hydrolysis and later supplemental fertilizer can be added from tank 50, if necessary, to obtain the proper pH for the water and / or soil to be treated. It is important to note that the calcium cyanamide fertilizer is mixed with water before application, so hydrolysis occurs and the N of the available cyanamide is preformed. The procedures allow the N of the cyanamide in water to stabilize and maintain or to be rapidly applied to the target soil before it deteriorates. The liquid application of irrigation injection causes a similar distribution and a good penetration in the soil. For topical liquid application, an immediate soil plow for improved penetration. The invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, but is subject to variations within the scope of the appended claims. Reference should be made to the following claims and not to the above specification, to indicate the true scope of the invention in which exclusive rights are claimed.

Claims (28)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A procedure for applying a solution from calcium cyanamide fertilizer that includes: providing a suspension of calcium cyanamide; separating the insoluble solids, for example calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and carbon, from the suspension to form a solution of calcium cyanamide; treat the solution to obtain a desired pH value; and apply said solution directly in an area that will be treated without dehydrating the solution.

2. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that separating the insoluble solids from the solution is done by filtration or centrifugation.

3. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in that the desired pH value is set higher than 10 or less than 7.

4. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in that the method includes: providing porous containers containing calcium cyanamide; provide a tank of liquid; suspend the containers in said liquid until the solids separate themselves; dissolve the residual portion in said liquid; treating said solution to obtain the desired pH value; removing said containers from said solution after hydrolysis occurs and dispersing said solution over an area to be treated.

5. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that the solids are fine particles and dry insoluble granules.

6. The method according to claim 4, further characterized in that the liquid parts in said tank exceed the portions of the calcium cyanamide fertilizer (thermal base) by more than one

(14x +) or a relation, 7.- A method according to claim 5, further characterized in that said contents of said tanks are also dispersed over said area to be treated.

8. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in that said liquid is water.

9. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in that additional fertilizers are added to said liquid to synergistically increase the effects of each, so that a lower effective dose of each one achieves a greater effect than applying them separately.

10. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in that the additives of fertilizers and additives not harmful to the crops are added to the solution.

11. - The method according to claim 10, further characterized in that the fertilizer is urea, ammonia or a calcium containing fertilizer.

12. The process according to claim 1, further characterized in that the method includes adding a caustic to said calcium cyanamide before its application to an alkaline site and / or water to ensure the pH value at or above 10 for maintain a cyanamide in a bioactive anion form to avoid in this way the premature transformation to a less bioactive dicyandiamide.

13. A process for preparing and applying calcium cyanamide fertilizer, which includes: providing a tank of water having in excess of at least 14 parts of water to a part of calcium cyanamide fertilizer and said mixture; provide additional fertilizer additives to adjust the pH value of said mixture for certain site factors; provide agitation of the mixture to ensure complete hydrolysis of said mixture and uniform dispersion thereof and provide a means to disperse that mixture at a selected site.

14. The method according to claim 12 and further includes directly applying the mixture to the site and causing said mixture to be incorporated into the soil of said site.

15. The method according to claim 11, further characterized in that the mixture is integrated into an irrigation stream leading to said site, and that uses said irrigation current to incorporate the soluble hydrolysis metabolite of N of the cyanamide in said soil.

16. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that a pH improving system is established in the solution of calcium cyanamide in case the soil is treated or the water used has a pH value of more than 7.

17. An aqueous system that includes the products of hydrolysis of calcium cyanamide with a pH value of more than 10 including a pH improving system and excluding solids such as calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and carbon.

18. An aqueous system that includes the products of hydrolysis of calcium cyanamide with a pH value of less than 7 and that largely excludes solids, for example calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and carbon.

19. A procedure for preparing and applying calcium cyanamide fertilizers that includes: providing porous containers containing calcium cyanamide; provide a tank of liquid; suspending the containers in said liquid until the calcium oxide and the carbon are separated from it, dissolving the remaining portion in said liquid; treating said solution to obtain a desired pH factor; removing said containers from said solution after the solution occurs and dispersing said solution in an area that will be treated.

20. The process according to claim 19, further characterized in that said calcium cyanamide in said containers includes fine particles and dry insoluble granules.

21. The process according to claim 20, further characterized in that the liquid parts in the tank exceed the parts of the calcium cyanamide fertilizer by more than one (14x +) at a ratio.

22. The method according to claim 21, further characterized in that the contents of the tanks are equally dispersed over the area to be treated,

23. The method according to claim 19, further characterized in that the liquid is water.

24. The method according to claim 21, further characterized in that the liquid is water.

25. The method according to claim 19, further characterized in that the additional fertilizers are added to the liquid to synergistically increase the effects of each, so that a lower effective dose of each one achieves a greater effect than applied separately.

26. The process according to claim 19, further characterized in that the method includes adding a caustic in the calcium cyanamide before its application to an alkaline site to ensure a pH N greater than 10 to maintain a bioactive cyanamide anion and in this way avoid premature malformation to bioactive dicyandiamine to minor.

27. The process according to claim 1, further characterized in that the solids are fine particles and insoluble granules that are separated from the solution and that the solution is subsequently decanted from the fine particles and insoluble granules.

28. The process according to claim 1, which includes using an uncoated calcium cyanamide.