MXPA98008675A - Regulatory energy growth mix - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to: A formulation comprising: (a) a quaternary ammonium salt having a formula selected from the group consisting of the formulas I (a) and I (b) and (b) a solvent which has a formula that is selected from the group consisting of formulas II (a) and II (b): wherein R ° is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 0, 1, 3 or 3, A is an alkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or oxyalkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, B is a straight or branched chain carbon atom of 2 to 8 atoms, and m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the formulation is provided in the considerable absence of

Description

"GROWTH REGULATORY SYNERGY MIX" FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to novel mixtures having growth regulating properties and more specifically relates to a novel growth regulator mixture of quaternary ammonium salts with growth regulating active ingredients in a suitable solvent. The invention also relates to methods for regulating the growth of plants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Regulators of plant growth ("Plant Growth Regulators") serve many useful purposes in the areas of crop growing, agriculture and gardening. For example, a specific concern to grow these crops such as grain, corn, sunflowers and soybeans, is the problem of plant housing due to unfavorable weather conditions before harvesting. The inhibition of longitudinal growth of the plants results in a thicker, more resistant stem, thus reducing the risk of lodging. Also, by inhibiting the longitudinal growth of cotton crops, the course of maturation can be controlled in order to allow fully mechanized harvesting. Regulating the growth of fruit trees can result in reduced cutting costs, as well as allowing the farmer to restrict annual fluctuations in fruit tree yield. Some Regulators of Plant Growth can also be used to control the susceptibility of crops to damaging weather conditions, improving frost resistance. This is particularly useful in the winter grain. Excessive longitudinal growth and the development of overlying exuberant leaves results in a plant more vulnerable to frost. It is also desirable to inhibit growth even during favorable growth conditions, for example, after sowing and before winter frosts begin. This results in a plant that is less vulnerable to frost. In addition to the increased frost resistance, the relatively small leaf and the mass of the plant becomes more susceptible to diseases such as fungi. In the regulation of the growth of the crop plants it also allows many crop plants to be planted closer together resulting in a higher yield of a certain area. The quaternary ammonium salts, such as mepicuat chloride and clcromecuat chloride, the formulas of which are illustrated below, are known Plant Growth Regulators. Ka) Mepicuat Chloride l (b) T (H3C) 3N- -c- • CH? CI H2 T a Cloróme Chloride cu to t These compounds can be obtained commercially in aqueous concentrates or in pellet or granule form, (e.g. growth regulator ie T JX® plant, from BASF Corporation). These compounds can be made by - - methods known in the art such as converting the secondary or tertiary amines with methyl halides. A method for the water-free preparation of mepicuat chloride, which can be used as a solid filler material in formulations, is described in European Patent Application, Publication No. 0 573 177 A2, incorporated herein by reference. Other known active ingredients having growth regulation properties sc described in European Patent Application, Publication Number 0 243 834 A2 and include the following formula II! In this formula, the radicals have the following meanings: R1 and R ^ independently of each other may be hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms carbon-alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl and phenyl of 3 to 6 cardan atoms, which may be unsubstituted or may independently carry one of two or three of the following groups - nitro, chloro, fluoro, alkylene 1 to 3 atoms of - carbon, haloalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and methylenedioxy; or R ^ and R ^ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a ring of 5 to 7 members which in turn can carry one or independently of the two alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R3 can be hydrogen, a cation suitable for agriculture, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms-alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group of CH2-C (O) -OR4, wherein R4 represents alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, hydrogen or an appropriate cation for agriculture. Other active ingredients that have been described as having growth-regulating properties include acylcyclohexadiones, for example those described in U.S. Patent Number 4,560,403, which is incorporated herein by reference, as represented by the formula: IV - - wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group / an alkylthioalkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group; and R ^ represents an alkyl group, a benzyl group unsubstituted or substituted a phenethyl group, a phenoxymethyl group, a 2-thienylmethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an alkylthio ethyl group, or a salt of the compound of cyclohexane. A specific compound to be used as the growth regulating compound is prohexadione represented by the formula: IV (a) As used herein, prohexadione includes the compound (IUPAC name) 3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (or 3,5-dioxo-4- (1-oxopropyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CA name)) and also 3-hydroxy-4-prionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene carboxylic acid and its effective pharmacological salts, for example, a chloride, sulfate, tetrahydroxide, acetate, carbonate, hydride, hydroxide, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, - barium, aluminum, nickel, ccbre, manganese, cobalt, zinc, iron, silver. Other acyclohexadione compounds having growth regulating properties are described in US Patent Number 4,693, "5, which is incorporated herein by reference, and are represented by the formula: V wherein A is a radical -OR2 or -NR3R4, R is cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 'R3 and R4 each is independently hydrogen, alkyl of the carbon atoms, r.aloalkion of 1 to 6 atoms of carbon, alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 1C carbon atoms, alkylthioalkyl of 2 to X tibes e carbon, alkenyl of 3 to 6 capon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted by halocenc, - l-- ?? from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylthio from 1 to 4 nt.r 5 carbon; alkyl of 3 to 6 atoms of c i-cr. ~; The aralkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein a phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to carbon atoms, haloalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, nitro or cyano, one of R3 and R4 is methoxy, or 3 and RJ / together with the nitrogen atom to which they are fixed, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system that can contain a additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring, and the metal ammonium salts thereof The specific compounds of the aforementioned rrmuia include trinexapac (IUPAC name 4-cyclopropyl (hydroxy) methylene-3 acid) , 5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and preferably its ethyl ester, trinexapac-etiic name IUPAC, 4-cyclopropyl 'h-drcxi methylene-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylate; CA name, ethyl 4- (cyclopropylhydroxymethylene) -3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylate) represented by the formula V (a) Mixtures of the active ingredients with quaternary ammonium salts, such as those of the formulations I (a) and I (b), are discussed in the European Patent Application, Publication Number 0 434 613 A2. Even when the mixture provides useful and beneficial properties, higher stability properties are sought for the mixtures of the active ingredients. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to create a formulation having growth regulating properties by combining the salt-like active ingredients of formulas I (a) and / or I (b), in a solution while Simultaneously maintains the stability of the active ingredients. Another object of the present invention is to obtain growth regulating properties by combining the ingredients of the formulas I (a) and / or I (b), with the active ingredients of the formulas III or with acylcyclohexadione, and to maintain the stability of the active ingredients .

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides formulations in which the salt-like active ingredients, such as the quaternary ammonium salts of the formulas I (a) and I (b) are dissolved in suitable organic solvents, - - wherein other active ingredients with growth regulating properties such as those of formula III, IV or V can also be added, while maintaining the proper stability of the active ingredients. Although it is known that salt-like active ingredients such as quaternary ammonium salts are water soluble, due to their polar, salt-like and inorganic characteristics, these aqueous solutions can cause degradation of other active ingredients used in regulatory mixtures. of growth. It has been found, surprisingly, that the salt-like formulations I (a) and I (b) are appropriately soluble in organic solvents having either two of the following formulas referred to herein as the formulas II ( a) and II (b), respectively: "(a) f ((b) HO B OH - li ¬ wherein "R" is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, "n" is 0, 1, 2 or 3, "A" is an alkene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an oxyalkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "m" is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and "B" is an alkylene of 2 to 8 carbon atoms straight or branched chain. Although these solvents provide adequate solubility of the salt-like active ingredients of Formulas I (a) and / or I (b), they are also good solvents for the active ingredients of the formulas III, IV and V. In addition, the use of these solvents has been found to result in very good stability of the reactive ingredients in solutions. A specific advantage can be found by combining the salt-like active ingredients of the formulas I (a) and lol (b) in combination with the compounds of the formulas III, IV and / or V. The growth regulating properties are achieved and the mixtures support adequately the stability of the active ingredients. These formulations are preferably provided in the absence of water.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the invention include mixtures comprising quaternary ammonium salts of formulations I (a) and / or I (b), in the amount of 1 percent to 50 percent by weight, preferably 2 percent by weight. 30 percent, and in particular from 3 percent to 25 percent by weight of the mixture. The solvents of the formula II (a) may comprise derivatives of aromatic alcohols or ethers. Aromatic alcohols are preferred in which the OH group is linked to the aromatic ring through an alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxyalkylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. In some cases, the benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, butylene glycol monophenyl ether and derivatives thereof, substituted on the aromatic ring with 1 to 3 alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, have been said to they are particularly advantageous. The solvents of the formula II (b) can comprise linear or branched diols with an alkylene chain of 2 to 8 carbon atoms. The two hydroxy groups can be placed either at the end or inside the chain. Preferred representatives of the solvents of the formula II (b) are propylene glycol and butylene glycol. In comparison, the stability of the active ingredients in those solvents is somewhat better than in ethylene glycol. The amount of solvents of formulas II (a) and / or II (b) in the formulation of the invention is preferably provided within the range of 20 percent to 99 percent by weight, preferably 35 percent by weight. 98 percent by weight, and particularly from 50 percent to 96 percent by weight, with reference to the total weight of the formulation. The formulation can also obtain from 0 percent to 60 percent by weight, preferably from 1 percent to 50 percent by weight and particularly from 2 percent to 35 percent by weight of additional active ingredients. Active ingredients such as those having the formulas III, IV and / or VIII (b) are already known. For example, compounds of formula III are generally described in PCT Application Number WO 96/00005. Its effect in reducing the endogenous ethylene content in higher order plants is described, for example, in the exhibitions of the German Patents DE 36 13 649, DE 41 06 509 and the American Patent Number 4,744,811.

An active ingredient for use in the present invention is represented by Formula IV (a), an example of which is prohexandione. A preferred active ingredient is represented by Formula V (a) and a preferred example of which is trinexapac-ethyl. With reference to formula III instead of free acids their agricultural acids may also be present. Usually the type of salt does not matter. Typically the salts of those bases do not adversely affect the action of the compounds of formulas III, IV and V. As basic salts, those which are especially suitable are those of alkali metals, preferably sodium and potassium salts, salts of alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and iron salts, and ammonium salts which may have 1 to 3 alkyl substituents of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and / or phenyl or benzyl substituent, preferably diisopropyl ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetrabutyl ammonium, trimethylbenzyl ammonium and trimethyl- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium ammonium salts, the phosphonium salts, the sulfonium salts, preferably the sulfonium salts of tri- alkyl (from 1 to 4 carbon atoms) and the sulfoxonium salts, preferably the sulfoxonium salts of tri-alkyl (from 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

Preferred active ingredients having the formula denoted as formula III are compounds having the following combinations or radicals: (1) the radicals R ^ and R ^ are alkyls of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or the radicals of R and R ^, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 5- to 7-membered ring, such as cyclopentylidino or cyclohexylidino; (2) the radical R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a groups of CH2-C (0) OR4; and (3) the radical R4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Other preferred active ingredients of formulation III (a) are those listed below and which are designated as formulas III (a) -III (d): III (a) lll (b) - lll (c) Jll (d) H3 ^ O \ - N O CH2C - OH H3C and the acids on which they are based and their alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts. Mixtures of the present invention may also have, as components up to 30 weight percent and preferably up to 2 weight percent, additional formulation adjuvants of the kind known to those skilled in the art. the technique, such as, for example, adjuvants r-encier-ades in the disclosure of European Patent EP A 434 613 and which is incorporated herein by reference. When termosurfactants are used as additional formulation aids, the substances which may be considered are the alkali, alkaline earth, and alkali metal salts of aromatic sulfonic acids such as aiaia l n_n-, ren l-, naftalen-, and dibutyl-naphthalenesulfenium ?, as:: mc .---. Those of the fatty acids, sulfonates and the ile ---- qu '. i, alkyl-laurel ether and sulfates and the salts of sulphonated hexa-, hepta- and octa-decanoles or glycol ethers of fatty alcohol, the condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene ether and octylphenol, isooctyl ethoxylated, octyl or nonylphenol, alkylphenol or tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol ethylene oxide condensates of fatty alcohol, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether, sorbitol ester, residual liquids of lignin sulfite or methylcellulose. The formulations according to the invention can be prepared in a manner known to those skilled in the art such as by adding compounds of the formulas I (a) and / or (b), and the active ingredients of the formulas III, IV or V and other formulation adjuvants in the organic solvents of the formulas II (a) and / or II (b), while stirring and optionally while heating. The preferred use of the formulations according to the invention is to treat the plants during the pre-emergence stage or in the post-emergence stage with an effective amount of the formulation on the basis of the active ingredients of the formulas I (a) and / or I (b), 0 mixtures of these active ingredients of the formulas 1 (a) and / or I (b) with ingredients of formulas III, IV and / or V. Seed preparation is also another possible use of the present invention. Depending on the season, the target crops, and the stage is grown, the amounts of the mixture applied may vary from 0.0001 to 1.0, preferably from 0.001 to 0.5, and especially from 0.001 to 0.1 kilogram / ai / hectare. Mixtures can affect virtually all stages of plant development in several ways and are therefore used as growth regulators. The versatility of action depends on the following factors: (a) the species and variety of the plant; (b) the regulation of the application, with respect to the stage of development of the plant and the season of the year; (c) the application site and the method of application, (such as the preparation of the seeds, the treatment of the soil, the application of the leaves or the injection into the trunk of the tree); (d) climatic factors, such as temperature, amount of precipitation, and also the length of the day and the intensity of the light; (e) ownership of the land, including fertilization. (f) the concentrations used of the active substances I (a) and / or I (b) and III (a) and / or III (b). Among the numerous uses of the mixtures of the present invention, and the agents containing the same, in the cultivation of crops, in agriculture and in gardening, several of them are mentioned below. With these mixtures and agents, the vegetative growth of the plants can be clearly inhibited, which is expressed as a reduction of the longitudinal growth.

Therefore, the treated plants exhibit dwarf growth and a darker leaf color. In addition, the mixtures according to the invention can cause a reduction in the formation of endogenous ethylene in the treated plants. This leads to: a delay in the phenomena of senescence and therefore can prolong the duration of the cut flowers and lengthen the assimilation phase of the crop plants and result in increased harvest yields; a reduction or at least a temporary delay in the fall of leaves, flowers and fruit; an improvement in the formation of the root nodules in leguminous plants and therefore more intense assimilation of nitrogen from the air; Reduced sensitivity to stress situations (such as lack of water, low temperatures, mechanical stress, fixation of fungi or harmful insects). Also, with the mixtures of the present invention, increased yields can be obtained in both the plant parts and the plant ingredients. It is therefore possible, for example, to induce the growth of larger amounts of buds, flowers, leaves, fruits, seed grains, roots and nodules, to increase the sugar content in beets, sugar cane and citrus fruits, for increase the protein content of the grain or soybeans or to increase the yield of cotton cellulose fibers. The mixtures of the present invention can also be used to effect increases in yields intervening in the metabolism of the plant or promoting or inhibiting vegetative and / or generative growth. Also, with these mixtures, not only the stages of development can be shortened or lengthened, but the maturity of the parts of the plant harvested before or after harvesting can be accelerated or delayed. In this way, for example, a more concentrated timing of the maturity of the cotton trunk may result in greater ease of harvesting for the farmer. Water consumption by plants can also be reduced by carrying out the invention described herein. This is especially important for agricultural areas that require high-cost artificial irrigation, such as in arid or semi-arid regions. Irrigation intensity can be reduced by using the agents according to the invention, making farming less expensive. Under the influence of the agents: - the width at which the stoma opens is reduced; an epidermis and thicker cuticles are formed; the proliferation of the root in the earth is improved; and the microclimate in the planted fields is favorably affected by the more compact growth. The mixtures can be supplied to the crop plants of both the seed (as an agent for preparing seeds) or through the soil, that is, through the roots, and preferably by sprinkling the rods. Given the versatility of the application methods, the mixtures can be used in a large number of crop plants. In preparing the mixtures, preferably the pure active ingredients of the formulas I (a) and / or (b) and the formulas III, IV and / or V are used, to which other active ingredients may be added, such as the active ingredients that regulate the growth of the plant, the active ingredients herbicides and the active ingredients that are protected against fungi or pests of harmful animals or fertilizers. The indicated examples establish the solubility of salt-like active ingredients such as those of the formulas I (a) and I (b), and the stability of the active ingredients such as those of the formulas III, IV and V, in solvents such as those of the formulas II (a) and II (b). Specifically, Examples 1 to 14, which will be pointed out in Table I below, show the solubility of mepicuat chloride in the different solvents. Fifteen weight percent mepicuat chloride was added to 100 grams of each solvent and it was observed if complete dissolution had occurred.

Table 1: Solvent number Solubility Example 15% by weight Soon IV Soluble water 2V soluble Isopropyl * 3V Soluble Ethylene Glycol 4V insoluble propylene carbonate 5V insoluble n-OctiIpyrrolidone 6V Insoluble cyclohexanone 7V Insoluble diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 8V Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether insoluble 9V Insoluble dipropylene glycol 10V 1-Nonanol insoluble 11V 1-Tridecanol insoluble 12V Insoluble cyclohexanol 13V Insoluble cyclohexyl methanol 14 Soluble benzyl alcohol Monofeniléter of soluble Ethylene glycol 16 Monophenyl ether of soluble propylene glycol 17 Propylene glycol soluble V = Comparison experiment * = Generally, due to their low boiling and flammability temperatures, isopropanol and short chain alcohols are less suitable for the formulation of plant pesticides.

A particularly surprising finding, as shown in Table 1 is the solubility of the active ingredient, including mepicuat in benzyl alcohol (example 14) compared to cyclohexyl methanol (example 13V). Due to the structure of the cycloaliphatic ring similar to that of the active ingredient, a person skilled in the art would have expected better solubility in cyclohexylmethanol, rather than in benzyl alcohol. The stability of the active ingredient of the formula III in which R1 and R2 are methyl and R3 is CH2COOCH3 in the various solvents is indicated below in examples 18 to 24 shown in Table 2. In order to determine the stability, the soons that they contain ten percent by weight of the active ingredient to be stored at a temperature of 54 ° C for 14 days, and the content of the residual active ingredient, calculated as a percentage of the original content, is then determined by HPLC analysis.

Table 2: Solvent Number Example Content residual active ingredient (%) 18 Water ** «0.1 19 Ethylene glycol 80.2 Cyclohexanol 99.7 21 Propylene glycol 95.2 22 Benzyl alcohol 96.5 23 Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether 99.5 24 Propylene glycol onophenyl ether 100.0 ** For reasons of solubility, the content of the active ingredient is only 4 percent.

These examples show that very good stability of the active ingredients is achieved when they are dissolved in solvents of the present invention. In Examples 25 to 29, formulations of the mixture according to the invention were prepared with different solvents. The soons contained 5 weight percent of the active ingredient, mepicuat chloride and the active ingredient used in examples 18 to 24. The stability of the active ingredients was determined as described above for Examples 18 to 24. The results are in Table 3.

Table 3 Solvent Number Content of the experiment Active residual protein experiment (in% of the active ingredient of formula III (a) Ethylene glycol 63.8 26 Propylene glycol 91.8 27 Benzyl Alcohol 98.8 28 Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether 99.4 29 Propylene glycol monophenyl ether 99.8 These examples confirm that by using the solvents selected from formulations II (a) and / or II (b), formulations can be prepared in combination which on the one hand are suitable solvents of the active ingredients and are salt-like active polar, and more than an inorganic character. Furthermore, these formulations allow the addition of the selected active ingredients of the formulas III, IV and / or V, with active ingredients of the formulas I (a) and / or I (b), while they do not decrease per se the stability of the the active ingredients III, IV and / or V. The invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to its preferred embodiments. However, numerous variations and modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention without departing from the invention as described in the foregoing specification and as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (40)

1. - CLAIMS: 1. A formulation for use in the regulation of plant growth comprising: (a) quaternary ammonium salts having a formula selected from the group consisting of formulas I (a) and I (b) Mepicuat Chloride l (b) T (H3C) 3N- -c- -CH2CI H, Chloromequat Chloride and (b) a solvent having a formula that is selected from the group consisting of formulas II (a) and II (b); - "(to) ll (b) HO B OH wherein P is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, A is an alkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or oxyalkylene of 1 to or carbon atoms, B is a straight or branched chain 2 to 8 carbon alkylene, and m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. wherein the formulation is provided in considerable absence of water.
2. 2. The formulation according to claim 1, comprising from about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more quaternary ammonium salts.
3. 3. The formulation according to claim 1 comprising from about 2 percent to about 30 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more quaternary ammonium salts. The formulation according to claim 1, comprising from about 3 weight percent to about 25 weight percent based on the total weight of said formulation, of one or more quaternary ammonium salts. The formulation according to claim 1, which comprises from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more solvents. The formulation according to claim 1, comprising from about 35 weight percent to about 98 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more solvents. The formulation according to claim 1, comprising about 35 weight percent of about 98 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more solvents. - 8. The formulation according to claim 1, further comprising one or more supplementary active ingredients for regulating the growth of the plants. The formulation according to claim 8, wherein the supplemental active ingredient has a formula that is selected from the group consisting of formulas III, IV or V; 'R \ 2R wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen alkyl of the β carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms-alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms and phenyl, which may be unsubstituted or may bear one, independently of the other of two or three of the following groups: nitro, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and alkyndiioxy from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or R1 and R ^ together with the carbon atom to which they are bound form a ring of 5 to 1-members, which at their - one or more other two alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be carried once; and R3 may be hydrogen, a cation suitable for agriculture, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, alkyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms-alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a CH2-C (0) -OR4 group; and R 4 is hydrogen, a cation soluD_e for agriculture, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or akoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to C carbon atoms, IV wherein R represents a nitrogen atom and an alkyl group, an alkylthioacyc group or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group; and y - represents an alkyl group, a bencrol group not = destituted - substituted a phenethyl group, a CJIU? ié t-u-cxie e; ' , a grun. of 2-thienylmethyl, a group oe alkox methi--! - an alkyl thiomethyl group, or a salt of 1 c; r.-p "is:. ae e-- .ohexai--, \ - V wherein A is a radical -OR2 or -NR3R4, R is cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of 1 to 6 atoms carbon, alkoxy-cyanium of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkylthioalkyl of 2 to X carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which is either substituted or substituted by halogen, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylthi; from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkynyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or aralkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, haloaic acid and 1 to 4 carbon, nitro or cyan atoms; une de -, -. and - _, is rnet -.x ?; or R3 and R4, together with the r.ic: .. geno.-1 which are fixed, form a system ar-rli; r.eteroc-e-co of 5 or 6 R3 and R4 'together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system which may contain an additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; and the metal or ammonium salts thereof. The formulation according to claim 9, comprising from about 1 weight percent to about 150 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more supplemental active ingredients. The formulation according to claim 9, which comrpenses from about 2 weight percent to about 35 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more supplemental active ingredients. The formulation according to claim 9, comprising from about 3 percent to about 25 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more salts of quaternary ammonium salts; comprising from about 50 weight percent to about 95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of one or more ingredients; and comprising from about 2 weight percent to about 35- 14. The formulation according to claim 9, which further comprises active adjuvants. 15. The formulation according to claim 14 comprising from about 1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulation, of adjuvants. The formulation according to claim 14, which comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the adjuvant formulation. The formulation according to claim 8, wherein one or more supplementary active ingredients have the formula III (a): 18. The formulation according to claim 8, wherein one or more of the supplementary active ingredients have the formula III (b) III (b) H3C 19. The formulation according to claim 8, wherein one or more of the supplementary active ingredients have the formula III (c) III (c) twenty . The formulation according to claim 8, wherein one or more of the supplementary active ingredients has the formula I I (d) lil (d) H3C. or "C- = N O CH2 C OH H3C ' 21. The formulation according to claim 9, er. where one or more of the solvents have the formula I 'a. 22. The formulation according to claim a, er. dcr.ae one or several of the solvents have the formula I 'b. 23. li formulad: for use in the regulation of growth ad p-_-.:.tae q.:- ccmorenae: (a) one or more solvents having a formula selected from the group consisting of formulas II (a) and II (b)) H (a) ll (b) HO B OH wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, A is an alkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or oxyalkylene of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, B is a straight or branched chain 2 to S carbon alkylene and m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 3; (b) a mg active entity for regulating the growth of plants having a formula that is selected from the group consisting of the formulas: - wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen alkyl of the ß carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms-alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 6 carbon and phenyl atoms, which may be unsubstituted or may carry one, or independently of two or three of the following groups: nitro, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, haloaikium of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and alkylenedioxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or R and R2 together with the carbon atom to which they are bound form a ring of 5 to? members, which in turn can carry one or independently of the two alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R3 is hydrogen, a cation suitable for agriculture, alkyl of I to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, -? lq > lexy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms-alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e: group CH2-C (0) -OR4; and FC1 is hydrogen, an oatici. suitable for agriculture, alkyl of 1 to atoms ie carbon, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or alkyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, an alkylthioalkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group; and R -'- represents an alkyl group, a benzyl group unsubstituted or substituted a phenethyl group, a phenoxymethyl group, a 2-thienylmethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an alkylthiomethyl group, or a salt of the compound of cyclohexane, and V wherein A is a radical -OR2 c -NR-3R4, R is cycloalkyl of 3 to or carbon atoms, wherein A is a radical -OR2 or -NR3R4, R is cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkylthioalkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylthio of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkynyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or aralkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of 1 to 4 atoms carbon, nitro or cyano; one of R3 and R4 is methoxy; or R3 and R4 / together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system which may contain an additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; and the metal or ammonium salts thereof. 24. The formulation according to claim 23 further comprising a quaternary ammonium salt. 25. A method for regulating the growth of the plants which comprises applying the formulation according to claim 1, to the seeds, the plants or the soil. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.0001 kilogram per hectare to about 1.0 kilogram per hectare. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.5 kilogram per hectare. The method of claim 25, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.0001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.1 kilogram per hectare. 29. A method for regulating the growth of the plants which comprises applying the formulation according to claim 9, to the seeds, the plants or the soil. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.0001 kilogram per hectare to about 1.0 kilogram per hectare. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.0001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.5 kilogram per hectare. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.1 kilogram per hectare. 33. A method for regulating the growth of the plants which comprises applying the formulation according to claim 13, the seeds, the plants or the soil. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.0001 kilogram per hectare to about 1.0 kilogram per hectare. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.5 kilogram per hectare. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.5 kilogram per hectare. 37. A method for regulating the growth of the plants which comprises applying the formulation according to claim 14, to the seeds, plants or soil. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.0001 kilogram per hectare to about 1.0 kilogram per hectare. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.5 kilogram per hectare. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of about 0.001 kilogram per hectare to about 0.1 kilogram per hectare.