HYDRAULIC BOMB
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pump, more especially, to a hydraulic one. Background of the Invention At this time there are different types of electromechanical pumps used to drive fluids, generally composed of a chamber containing the electromagnetic part, which basically comprises the stator and the rotor armature, as well as another chamber with a hydraulic part, basically formed by a hydraulic turbine that conducts the liquid. However, the electromagnetic and hydraulic chambers need to be isolated from one another to prevent the liquid from reaching the stator and the rotor, causing short circuits and even irreparable damage. Therefore, to achieve this isolation of the chambers and the transmission of rotation movement from the rotor to the hydraulic turbine, several mechanical devices are required, such as a shaft, ball bearings, bearing journals, cooling systems, hydraulic seals. , among others. Bearing ball bearing journals, for example, have the function of supporting the rotor shaft, on which the rotor cage is mounted, so that, when the rotor cage is induced by magnetic forces coming from the stator, REF. : 144528 the rotor rotates, assisted by these bearings. Of course, the stumps are lubricated with oil or grease in order to reduce friction and wear between the parts in contact. One end of the rotor shaft is connected to the hydraulic turbine, formed by blades, which, with the induction of the rotor, initiates a rotation movement that drives the liquid to be pumped. To prevent the temperature of the stator and the rotor from reaching undesirable levels during operation, external cooling systems are used, usually constituted by fans. Such cooling systems generally comprise paddle wheels coupled to the end of the rotor shaft, outside the pump and opposite the hydraulic pump, which, taking advantage of the rotation of the rotor, rotates to cool both the stator and the rotor. The prior art pumps depend on the perfect functioning of the mechanical seals to prevent liquid from passing from the hydraulic chamber to the electromagnetic chamber. As already mentioned, this undesirable contact of the liquid with the stator and the rotor can cause short circuits, as well as a reduction in the lubrication of the trunnions, which results in possible grip of the rotor. Therefore, one can verify the fact that the prior art pumps have hydraulically insulated chambers, where an induced rotor located in a hermetically sealed chamber transmits rotation by means of its shaft to a hydraulic turbine located in another passage chamber. of liquid, being necessary that these pumps have a number of sealing mechanism to prevent the occurrence of damage that could even render them useless. Furthermore, with the use and consequent wear of these mechanisms, such pumps lose their mechanical efficiency. Therefore, this combination has the disadvantage of carrying high costs, because it involves expensive parts, a complex manufacturing process and constant maintenance to keep such pumps running. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A preferred embodiment of the present invention simplifies the composition of a traditional pump by eliminating sealing, such as mechanical seals or linings, as well as bearings, axles, external cooling systems, such as fans, thereby reducing the possibility of the pump is damaged. This new pump motor also provides cooling of the stator-rotor assembly by circulating the pumped fluid itself, as described in Brazilian Patent Application No. PI 0004206-4 which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition, a preferred embodiment of the invention also provides a new pump that is more compact than the current ones, easy to manufacture and assemble, by virtue of its smaller number of components, which results in better automation and cost reduction. Another feature of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is to provide a pump design that is more efficient, that is, that exhibits less energy loss. In addition, the invention aims to provide a safer, more protected and corrosion-proof pump motor, allowing immersion and installation in environments that are aggressive and without cooling. Another feature of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is to provide a pump with a very low noise and lubrication provided by the circulating fluid itself. The present invention preferably comprises a pump having a housing, having at least a first sealed chamber and at least a second chamber adjacent to said first chamber, provided with a fluid passage and having an inlet and outlet for fluids . Said chambers are separated by means of walls, preferably made of injected polymer. The pump also includes a stator located in the first chamber. In a preferred embodiment, the stator is in a position adjacent to the walls separating the first chamber from the second, so that the fluid circulating through the second chamber will cool it by heat transmission. An integral rotor-turbine assembly is provided, preferably completely located in the second chamber and at least a portion of said assembly is positioned concentrically in relation to the stator. This set is induced by the stator to drive a fluid from the inlet to the outlet. When the pump is working, at least one fluid film is maintained around the assembly, to achieve high performance / accurate precision rotation with minimal friction and no need for stumps. In other words, when the assembly is induced by the stator, the fluid film functions as a bearing to support the assembly. The space between said assembly and the stator, called an interstice, is substantially filled with said walls of the first and second chambers, also including the fluid film circulating therebetween. A metallic component, called a rotor cage, preferably composed of iron and aluminum, capable of being induced by the stator, is provided inside the hermetically sealed assembly. In the preferred embodiment, such a assembly is made of polymeric material and is additionally perforated to provide a passage for the turbine inside the rotor. In possible embodiments of the present invention, the turbine of said assembly is composed of turbine blades for centrifuging the fluids. In this way, with the connection of a possible pump mode, the fluid, after passing through the entrance of the second chamber, enters the rotor-turbine assembly, passes through the internal passage and, after arriving to the turbine blades, it is driven towards the exit. However, a portion of the fluid, instead of exiting directly through the outlet, circulates around the first chamber and cools the stator by heat transmission. In this way the need for an external cooling system is eliminated, since the heat exchange between the circulating fluid and the conduction assembly will result in cooling this assembly, so that its temperature preferably always remains at desirable levels for its proper functioning . In addition, the circulating fluid is also used as a lubricant. A circulating fluid film will pass between the walls of the second chamber and the rotor-turbine assembly, allowing the latter to make a floating rotary motion inside the second chamber by virtue of the inducing forces. In a preferred embodiment, the first chamber provides a circular path with a filtration zone, through which the fluid, after entering via the fluid inlet of the pump, it circulates through a portion of the first chamber, passes through a filter and proceeds to a turbine assembly, after which it is driven to the fluid outlet, as well as allowing part of the fluid to enter a portion. of the second chamber, providing cooling of the pump motor. Additionally, the present pump also incorporates front and rear covers for the main housing. In view of the foregoing, the pump of the present invention provides a simpler configuration with less expensive fabrication, since it is basically composed of an induction means and a transmission-movement means similar to those of the prior art, such as stators and rotors , which eliminate the use of a fan, as well as ball bearings, axes of mechanical seals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a typical prior art pump motor; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the pump shown in Figure 3, allowing a clear visualization of its components; and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional side view, similar to that of Figure 1, in which the course of the fluid inside the pump is shown according to the embodiment indicated in Figure 3. Detailed Description of the Invention Figure 1 shows a current pump, which is found in the prior art, which comprises a stator winding 4, a rotor 5 and ball bearings 3, which support the shaft 9 on which the cage of said rotor 5 is mounted. axis 9 will be responsible for transmitting driving force from the rotor 5 by means of induction of the magnetic field of the stator 4. One can also notice in this figure the existence of a fan 1, which is responsible for cooling the stator-rotor assembly, and the covers 2 located on both sides of the rotor 5, which support said ball bearings. Furthermore, in order to achieve good operation of this type of pump motor, the rotor 5 must be perfectly centered with respect to the stator 4, to avoid contact between its magnetite, In the pump motor shown in Figure 1, this space between the rotor 5 and 31 stator 4, called interstice, is filled with air. Figure 1 also illustrates mechanical seals 8, which are widely used in pump motors of the prior art, to ensure the isolation and separation between the electric part and the hydraulic part of the pump motor, the hydraulic part being constituted by the turbine 7 and scroll 6. Figure 2, on the other hand, illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which some of the elements shown in Figure 1 are absent. This embodiment illustrates a pump 10 composed of a housing 14 having a first hermetically sealed chamber 19 and a second internal chamber 17 with at least one inlet 15 and one outlet 16 defining the passageway 18 between said inlet and outlet. The housing 14 can be made of a polymeric material or any other type of material suitable for the specified conditions, including bad weather. An integral rotor-turbine assembly 11 is located in the chamber 17 to drive the fluids passing through said chamber. This assembly is made of a polymeric material and, in addition, is perforated to define a passageway for the turbine inside the rotor. In this mode, the turbine of said assembly is composed of blades for centrifuging fluids. In this way, when in operation, the fluid, after passing through the inlet 15 of the chamber 17, goes inside the rotor-turbine assembly 11, passes through the internal passage, and, after carrying the blades of turbine, is led to the outlet 16. The housing 14 also has a first chamber 19, hermetically sealed from the fluids circulating through the second chamber 17. Both the external walls of the housing and the walls separating the second chamber 17 of the first chamber 19, are formed of injectable polymeric material. In addition, the stator 12, which can be any of those known from the prior art, is installed in this first chamber 19 to induce, by means of a magnetic field, the drive of the rotor-turbine assembly 11, located in the second chamber. 17 fluid circulation. This embodiment of the pump of the present invention also has its second chamber 17 defining different passageways from the entrance to the exit, so that a portion of the fluids will circulate through this chamber. Such passageways in this embodiment cause the fluid to circulate around the first chamber 19, cooling the stator 12 located therein by heat transmission. further, a small portion of the fluid entering the inlet 15 and circulating through the second chamber 17 passes through the communication means 13 between one of the walls of the second chamber 17 and the rotor-turbine assembly 11, creating a film of constant fluid, which allows the assembly to rotate freely immersed in the liquid, without having any contact with the walls of the second chamber 17 while the pump is running. In this way, when the assembly is induced by the stator 12, the fluid film functions as a bearing to support the assembly 11 and, at the same time, as a lubricant that virtually eliminates friction between the walls of the second and the assembly 11. , resulting in a very low noise level. Although the assembly 11 is immersed in the liquid, without contact with the walls of the second chamber 17, the magnetic field created by the stator 12 keeps the previous one in a balanced position around its axis, so that, with the rotating movement, the magnetic forces prevent the assembly from contacting the walls of the second chamber 17. In view of the foregoing, since the second chamber 17 has passages that allow the liquid to circulate through it, a reduction in the level of noise, and this also eliminates the need for industrial lubricants and external cooling systems. Since, in a preferred embodiment of the pump, the pump is basically composed of an injectable polymeric material and there is a decrease in the number of components (ie, it does not include seals) compared to those of the prior art, it becomes simpler and less expensive to put together. In addition, the energy losses are minimized by the low friction between the rotor-turbine assembly 11 and the walls of the second chamber 17. Another aspect of the present invention is that the space between the stator 4 and the rotor 5 of the art pumps previous, the so-called interstices, are filled with air. In the present invention, on the other hand, in addition to the liquid layer 13, there is the polymer wall of both the second chamber 17 and the rotor-turbine assembly 11, which provides precise centering of the magnetic materials of the stator 12 and the assembly 11, as well as a better balanced position of the latter about its axis, so that, with rotation, contact with the walls of the second chamber 17 is avoided. Furthermore, the present invention provides a non-corrosive pump, since only the surface covered with polymer will have contact with the fluid. Therefore, the latter can be aggressive without causing any damage to the pump motor. Further, since the liquid itself is used as a refigant, the pump of the present invention can be installed in unventilated or even submerged environments. Figure 3 illustrates a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, where one can observe the absence of some components shown in Figure 1, the latter representing the state of the art in pumps. This embodiment illustrates the pump 110 comprising a housing 114, its first chamber 119 impermeable to liquid, the second chamber 117 defining a fluid path, and a filtration zone 120 positioned at the outlet of the chamber 119 and directed towards the path between the entrance and the exit of the passage 118, which provides communication for the fluid between the entrance 115 and the exit 116. The housing 114 can be made of polymeric material or any other type suitable to face adverse conditions, as determined. Also, this pump consists of covers, both front 121 and rear 122 for the housing 114, allowing these easy access to the pump mechanism for eventual maintenance and / or part replacement operations. Thus, in addition to all the advantages already expressed and indicated in the first embodiment of Figure 2, this second embodiment provides a new technical effect by providing the chamber 119 and the filter 120. Such a new technical effect lies in the filtration of the fluid in uses that require pumping of a fluid that is already treated, as well as to obtain better cooling by exchange of heat produced by the proximity of the chambers 119 and 117, through which the fluid circulates, with the stator assembly of the pump. To facilitate the understanding of the subject defined in this application, reference is also made to Figure 4, which shows an exploded perspective view of the pump. As can be seen, the pump 110 has the cover 121, in which the said filtering zone 120 is located, the last one housing the removable filter assembly 128. This filter assembly 128 comprises filter cover 123 and filter element. 127. The wall 124, the enclosing cover 121, defines the portion 119a (Figure 5) of the first chamber 119 in conjunction with the housing 114. The stator assembly is represented by the reference 112. Inside the main housing 114, they are illustrated the separating walls for the stator assembly 112. A rotor, as described in Figure 2, is also shown in the aforementioned figure 3 with reference 111. Said rotor 111 is integrally incorporated with the turbine 125, these being separated in this figure to facilitate the visualization of the whole set. The passage 118, mentioned previously, is also represented in this figure, inside the turbine pipe 125. It also shows the disk 126 with the turbine blades, responsible for the fluid drive, for example, water, towards the fluid outlet 116. , as well as the interior of the second chamber 117. Finally, the cover 122 is shown, responsible for closing the main housing.
Also presented for purely illustrative purposes, Figure 5 shows the course of the fluid inside the pump 110 according to the second preferred embodiment of the invention, this course being represented by arrows. After the entrance to the pump via the inlet 115, the fluid circulates in the portion 119, providing initial cooling for the engine, passes through the filtration zone 120 and then the portion 119a to the passage 118, inside the assembly rotor and turbine. By the rotation action of the last assembly, the fluid is driven into the second chamber 117, after which it goes to the pump outlet 116. Part of the fluid driven by the rotor-turbine assembly circulates in the second chamber 117, producing a second cooling action for the engine. This fluid also runs along the passage 113, forming a film between the stator and the rotor to cool the interstitial region of the motor, and, especially to avoid friction and noise generated by the rotation of the motor. The fluid that runs along said passage 113 is then returned to passage 118, to be driven once again by the rotor-turbine assembly in chamber 117. The Paris Convention Priority Requests - Brazilian Patent Application No. PI0103034-5 filed July 16, 2001 and Cl 0103034-5 filed September 16, 2002. are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Having thus described an example of preferred embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention encompasses other possible variations, being limited only by the content of the accompanying claims.
It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects or products to which it refers.