MX2014000432A

MX2014000432A - Industrialised method for constructing buildings and pre-fabricated sets for using in said method.

Info

Publication number: MX2014000432A
Application number: MX2014000432A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Daniel Guillermo Entrecanales Domecq; Alberto Peris Caminero; Enrique Estua Perez
Original assignee: Entreriver S A
Priority date: 2011-07-12
Filing date: 2012-07-12
Publication date: 2014-07-09
Also published as: WO2013007862A2; ES2398821B2; ES2398821A1; WO2013007862A3

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrialised method for constructing buildings, comprising, among other steps, industrially producing transportable sets comprising parts with a hollow cross-section, specific portions of said hollow cross-sections substantially coinciding with each other, such that when said parts are assembled, a substantially continuous single hollow space is formed, and when said space is filled with a conglomerating and/or agglomerant material, the combination of said parts and said conglomerating and/or agglomerant material forms members that are technically equivalent and aesthetically similar to the beams, pillars, walls, frameworks and optionally slabs and staircases, of the building to be constructed.

Description

INDUSTRIALIZED PROCEDURE OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND PREFABRICATED SETS OF USE IN SAID PROCESS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an industrialized method of construction of buildings in which prefabricated assemblies are used that comprise a plurality of simpler pieces which are later filled with a binder and / or binder material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the technical construction sector, building procedures are known in which prefabricated assemblies are used in order to industrialize, at least partially, the building process, simplify the assembly tasks and / or reduce the construction time.

Thus, for example, US Pat. No. 4,513,545, in the name of George D. Hopkins Jr., discloses a construction method that contemplates prefabricating a plurality of construction modules provided with four walls and subsequently joining them together by stacking and / or by fitting a plurality of joists in empty spaces provided for this purpose.

This procedure uses solid construction modules, so it does not contemplate the use of any binder material and / or agglomerating, nor of any structure of lost formwork. In addition, there is no element continuously arranged throughout the various modules that make up the building, which prevents the said building from having a monolithic character.

On the other hand, in the state of the art there are also known building methods that contemplate filling structures with a binder material, as disclosed, for example, in US 6,085,476 in the name of David B. Jantzi and Cois .

However, unlike the cited prior art documents, the invention proposes an industrialized construction construction procedure in which, simultaneously: Prefabricated assemblies are used that comprise pieces of hollow section; Said prefabricated assemblies are subsequently joined together to form structures of the lost formwork type; Said substantially hollow regions are subsequently filled with a binder and / or binder material; This industrialized process makes it possible to build buildings of monolithic character, whose strength and resistance to loads is comparable to that of a conventional building; Y These buildings are also provided with technically equivalent and aesthetically similar members to beams, pillars, walls, slabs, slabs and / or stairs of a conventional building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the invention refers to an industrialized construction construction process different from those known in the state of the art that also addresses the following issues: - That makes it possible to build buildings of very different designs using, almost exclusively, a plurality of prefabricated assemblies and a binder and / or agglomerating material; - That said prefabricated assemblies are, in addition, substantially light and transportable (according to the usual criteria of the technical construction sector) and that at the same time they give the building, once it is finished, a monolithic character, a solidity and a resistance to loads comparable to those of a conventional building and provide said building with technically equivalent and aesthetically similar members to the beams, pillars, walls, floors, slabs and stairs of a conventional building.

The prefabricated assemblies for use in the method according to the invention are formed by a plurality of pieces with a hollow section, whereby all the installations, coatings and finishes of the building are placed on said parts. Likewise, said prefabricated assemblies are designed in such a way that specific portions of the hollow sections of said parts are coincident and, when joined together, they form a unique and substantially continuous empty space.

Once said prefabricated assemblies have been transported to their final location, they are joined together to form a structure that will be used as lost formwork. Subsequently, the prefabricated assemblies are filled with a binder and / or agglomerating material. Thanks to the special configuration of the hollow section pieces (described above), said binder and / or binder material can flow without interruption from one prefabricated assembly to another, completely filling the continuous empty space to reproduce technically equivalent members to the beams, pillars , walls, floors, slabs and stairs of a conventional building.

In this way, the binder and / or binder material is finally disposed continuously throughout the space substantially delimited by the pieces of the different prefabricated assemblies, which confers to the building, after the setting of the binder material and / or binder, a monolithic character.

On the other hand, some parts may also be provided with distribution holes to facilitate the binder and / or binder material to be distributed evenly throughout the empty space. Likewise, they can also be provided with holes that allow the passage of reinforcing bars.

More particularly, the industrialized construction procedure of Buildings according to the invention comprises the following stages, not necessarily consecutive: a) Provide the layout, general characteristics and technical requirements of the building to be built; b) Manufacturing industrially a plurality of transportable assemblies comprising pieces of hollow section, specific portions of said hollow sections being substantially coincident with each other, so that when joining said pieces a unique, substantially continuous, empty space is formed and when filling said space With a binder and / or binder material, the combination of said parts and said binder and / or binder material forms technically equivalent and aesthetically similar members to the beams, pillars, walls, slabs, slabs and if present, stairs, of the building to be built, placing on top of said pieces the installations, coatings and finishes of the building; c) Transport said assemblies to their final location; d) Build the foundation of the building; e) Place on the foundation the sets corresponding to the first floor of the building, level them and join them together; f) Fill the hollow sections of the pieces of the assemblies with binder and / or binder material; g) Once the binder and / or agglomerating material has acquired sufficient resistance, place the corresponding sets to the next floor of the building, level them and join them together; h) filling the hollow regions of said assemblies with the binder and / or binder material, following a procedure substantially identical to that of step g; i) Repeat steps g) and h) as necessary.

A second aspect of the invention is to propose a plurality of prefabricated assemblies for use in the industrialized building construction process described above. Said prefabricated assemblies are formed by hollow section pieces, said parts being of various types.

Thus, in the present descriptive specification, the simplest pieces are called "elements". Said elements are in turn combined with each other to form more complex parts which, in the present specification, are called "components". Finally, the components are combined together to form each of the transportable parts which, according to the method of the invention, comprises the building and which in the present specification are referred to indiscriminately as "fractions" or "assemblies" prefabricated.

Therefore, both the components, and the elements from which these components are formed, are manufactured with dimensions according to the specific dimensions of the fraction from which they form part and / or the specific dimensions of the adjacent fractions.

There are four different groups of components: linear, surface, ladder and auxiliary components.

The group of linear components comprises: the pillar components, the lower beam components and the upper beam components.

The group of surface components comprises: the technical floor components, the wall components, and the slab components.

The group of auxiliary components comprises all the components of connection to the foundation, the lifting components and the centering / leveling components.

Finally, the group of ladder components comprises the lower ladder components, the intermediate ladder components and the upper ladder components.

The terms "element", "component", and "fraction" are used throughout the invention only to facilitate the understanding of the text and without any limiting purpose.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments of the invention, given only by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: Figure 1A is a view of the north elevation of an E building to be constructed using the method of the invention; Figure 1B is a view of the east elevation of said building E; Figure 1C is a view of the south elevation of said building E; Figure 1 D is a view of the west elevation of said building E; Figure 1 E is a cross-sectional view of said building AND; Figure 2A is a view of the foundation plant of the building E, showing the fractions forming said plant; Figure 2B is a view of the ground floor of the building E, showing the fractions forming said plant; Figure 2C is a view of the upper floor of the building E, showing the fractions forming said plant; Figure 2D is a view of the roof plan of the building E, showing the fractions that form said plant; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the building E, similar to that of Figure 1E but in exploded view, showing the fractions visible from that location; Figure 4 is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of. all the fractions that form the building E; Figure 5A is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of the fractions forming the foundation plant of the building E; Figure 5B is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a first fraction of the ground floor of the building E; Figure 5C is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a second fraction of the ground floor of the building E; Figure 5D is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a third fraction of the ground floor of the building E; Figure 5E is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a fourth fraction of the ground floor of the building E; Figure 5F is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of the elevated portion of the ground floor of the building E; Figure 5G is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a first fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5H is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a second fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 51 is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a third fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5J is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a fourth fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5K is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a first section of the building roof plan E; Figure 5L is an axonometric perspective view showing that it shows the substantially structural part of a second and last fraction of the roof plan of the building E; Figure 6A is an axonometric perspective view of a pillar room component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6B is another axonometric perspective view of the pillar room component shown in Figure 6A; Figure 6C is an axonometric perspective view showing a pillar half component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6D is an axonometric perspective view showing two other pillar half components according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6E is an axonometric perspective view showing a complete pillar component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6F is an axonometric perspective view showing an upper beam half component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6G shows a detail of Figure 6F on an enlarged scale; Figure 6H is an axonometric perspective view showing a complete upper beam component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 61 shows a detail of Figure 6H on an enlarged scale; Figure 6J is an axonometric perspective view showing a lower beam component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6K is an axonometric perspective view showing a wall component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6L is an axonometric perspective view showing a technical floor component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6M is an axonometric perspective view showing a slab component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6N is an axonometric perspective view showing a lower ladder component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 60 is an axonometric perspective view showing a lower ladder component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6P is an axonometric perspective view showing a foundation attachment component; Figure 6Q is an axonometric perspective view showing a lifting component; Figure 6R is an axonometric perspective view showing a male centering / leveling component; Figure 6SR is a cross-sectional view of a male centering / leveling component; Figure 6T is an axonometric perspective view showing a female leveling and centering component; Figures 7A to 7M are schematic views, in cross section, showing different stages of the building process according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In figures 1A, 1 B, 1C and 1 D are shown respectively, the north, east, south and west elevations of an example of a possible building E to be built.

Said building E has a markedly asymmetric distribution and makes it possible to illustrate the great variety of buildings that can be constructed according to the method and the prefabricated assemblies of the invention.

In Figure 1 E, which represents a cross section of the building E, it is shown that said building E consists of a foundation plant, a ground floor, a top floor and a roofing plant, which will be described in more detail in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D, respectively.

In this concrete example of embodiment, both the ground floor and the top floor of the building E have two portions that are raised with respect to the rest of the floor, so that the distribution of said building E is irregular and has the following characteristic heights : HO: height from which the foundation plant extends; H1: height from which the ground floor extends; H2 height from which the elevated portion of the ground floor extends; H3: height from which the upper floor extends; H4 height from which the elevated portion of the upper floor extends; Y H5: height from which the roofing plant extends; Likewise, both in figure 1 E, and in other figures that will be described later, dotted lines have been drawn to help identify the different fractions that make up the E building.

Figure 2A shows the foundation plant corresponding to the building E, as well as the prefabricated fractions necessary to form said plant, according to a first embodiment of the method of the invention.

Throughout the present description, prefabricated fractions are named using the letter F, followed by a number from 0 to 5 (corresponding to the height at which said fraction is assembled), and followed by a letter and number (illustrating what is the position of the fraction within the corresponding plant).

To indicate the position of a fraction within a plant, a coordinate system based on rows and columns is also used in the present description. The rows are named correlatively, from top to bottom, starting with the letter A. The columns, in turn, are numbered sequentially from left to right.

In this way, the foundation plant shown in Figure 2A is formed, according to a first embodiment of the method of the invention, from the union of a fraction F0A1 disposed in a left upper position; a fraction F0B2 disposed in a lower left position; Y a fraction F0B4 arranged in a lower right position.

The ground floor shown in Figure 2B comprises a bathroom B, a hall V, a dining room S, and a porch P. Said ground floor is formed, according to the present embodiment of the method of the invention, from the union of the fractions F1A1, F1B2, F1B4 and F1C2.

Also, the upper floor shown in Figure 2C comprises a bedroom, D provided with a balcony and stairs leading to the lower floor. Said upper floor is formed, according to the present embodiment of the method of the invention, from the joining of the fractions F3A1, F3A2, F3A3, F2C2 and F3B3.

Finally, the roofing plant shown in figure 2D is formed, according to the present embodiment of the method of the invention, from the joining of the fractions F5A2 and F4C2.

Figure 3 is an exploded and schematic cross section of the building E. In it, the cross sections of the fractions F0B2, F0A1, F1C2, F1B2, F1A1, F2C2, F3A2, F4C2 and F5A2 can be seen.

Figure 4 is an axonometric perspective view showing the position occupied, after installation, the prefabricated fractions F0A1, F0B2, F0B4, F1A1, F1B2, F1C2, F1B4, F3A1, F3A2, F3A3, F2C2, F3B3, F5A2 and F4C2 , necessary to construct the building E, according to the present embodiment of the method of the invention.

In said figure 4 and in other subsequent figures the portions of installations, coatings and finishes provided in the prefabricated fractions, as well as some of the wall components provided in part of said fractions, have been omitted, so that the interior of the interior can be better appreciated. said fractions.

In figures 5A to 5L are shown in axonometric perspective each of said prefabricated fractions F0A1, F0B2, F0B4, F1A1, F1 B2, F1C2, F1 B4, F3A1, F3A2, F3A3, F2C2, F3B3, F5A2 and F4C2.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment of the method of the invention, each of the prefabricated fractions has a portion of structure sufficient for said fraction to be self-supporting.

Also, in the present embodiment the pieces that form each fraction are standardized and can only have a set of determined dimensions.

More particularly, said set of dimensions results from imposing that the dimensions in the vertical and horizontal planes of the pieces are integer multiples of certain quantities that, in this embodiment, are: - in the horizontal plane: 5 cm; Y - in the vertical plane: 18 cm (it is determined that this is also the height of a riser).

These minimum dimensions are chosen because they are considered to be Anthropometric Likewise, since only dimensions that are integer multiples of the height of a riser are allowed, this division guarantees that the stair sections coincide exactly with the upper limit of the fractions and therefore do not remain above or above them. under.

This embodiment of the method of the invention contemplates constructing each of the fractions in which the building is divided by means of the union of a plurality of components, which are made in turn of simpler pieces, called elements, and formed in this embodiment from elongated laminar pieces that define hollow regions, more in particular, galvanized steel profiles of standardized dimensions.

The main features and configuration of said components which, according to this embodiment, are joined to form the fraction portions are described below with reference to Figures 6A to 6T.

However, depending on the particular fraction to which a component belongs, as well as the specific position it occupies within it, some of said components may be slightly different from those specifically shown in said figures 6A through 6T, as it will be obvious to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings of the present disclosure.

In Figure 6A a pillar room component according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown. Said component comprises a 10a profile in the form of L, made from the union of two galvanized steel sheets. The outer ends 11a and 12a of said sheets are provided with folds curved outwards. From the upper end of said sheets a rod 13a of L-shaped cross-section protrudes vertically, on which a bracket 14a, horizontally arranged, rests.

Said pillar quarter component is provided with circular holes 15a, arranged in its base, which allow the passage of binder and / or binder material towards the lower beam components (which will be described later), being further provided with a plurality of embossments 17a intended to increase profile strength 10a. Also, the quarter pillar component is also provided with ribs 16a, shown in Figure 6B and arranged along the outside of the profile 0, intended to increase the strength of the component to the hydrostatic pressure of the binder component and / or binder.

In Figure 6C a pillar half component according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown. Said component comprises a laminar body 10b of C-shaped cross section, formed from the joining of two L-shaped profiles. Each of said L-shaped profiles comprises, in turn, two steel plates disposed perpendicularly to each other. On the other hand, the ends of the side plates 11b and 12b of the sheet body 10b are provided with outwardly curved folds.

In the upper part of the joining surfaces of the central plate with the side plates 1b and 12b of the C-shaped body 10b, two rods 13b and 13'b are provided on which a substantially C-shaped part 14b rests. , arranged horizontally.

Likewise, the upper part of the sheet 12b is provided with a recess 18b intended to receive an upper beam component (which will be described later).

Like the pillar quarter component, the pillar half component is provided with circular holes 15b, disposed at its base, of embossments 17b and ribs 16b.

In Figure 6D two other pillar half components are shown. These components have a structure almost identical to that of the component described in relation to Figure 6C. The only differences with this are, first of all, that the recesses 18c, 18'c, 18d and 18d 'of the sheets are arranged in different places to accommodate other different arrangements of upper beam components and, secondly, that the The second pillar half component is provided with an additional circular hole 19d allowing the passage of binder and / or binder material to a beam portion that will be housed in the recess 18'd.

In Figure 6E a complete pillar component is shown comprising a laminar body 10e of square cross section, formed from the joining of profiles in L. Each of said L-shaped profiles it comprises, in turn, two steel plates disposed perpendicularly to each other, the ends of said sheets being provided with folds curved outwards which give rise to the ribs 11e and 12e.

The upper portions of two of said sheets are provided with recesses 18e, 18e intended to receive respective upper beam components. Also, two rods 13e and 13'e are provided on which a flat piece 14e disposed horizontally and substantially in the form of a square frame rests.

Like the other abutment components described, the complete abutment component is also provided with circular holes 15e, disposed at its base, of embossments 17e and ribs 16e.

Also, depending on the number of top beam components that are attached to the entire pillar component, it is possible to make other different recesses on the sheets of said whole pillar component during its manufacturing stage.

In FIGS. 6F and 6G, an upper beam half component is shown comprising an elongated profile 20a of L-shaped cross section, which is joined to two short profiles 21a and 22a, whose cross section is also L-shaped. , by means of inclined profiles 23a and 24a of interconnection. In the present embodiment, the joints between the profiles 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a, and 24a are made by welding the folds provided at each end of said profiles.

A corrugated plate 25a is disposed on the inner face of the horizontal portion of the elongate profile 20a, the free end of said horizontal portion of the profile 20a being also, as well as the free ends of the horizontal portions of the profiles 21a, 22a, 23a, and 24a provided with respective curved folds downwards, which allow the joining of two facing components of upper beam half by welding their respective folds curved downwards.

In figures 6H and 61 a complete upper beam component is shown comprising a U-shaped cross-section profile 20b made, according to this embodiment of the present invention, from the joining of three steel plates. The connections between the central plate and each of the side plates of the profile 20b are reinforced by a plurality of transverse pivots 28b. A corrugated plate 25b is disposed on the inner face of the horizontal portion of the profile 20b, furthermore being provided with one of the side plates of the profile 20b of an outwardly curved fold 21b, intended to be joined to a portion of a forging component and an outwardly curved fold 22b, intended to be attached to a pillar portion.

Also, the side plate of the profile 20b which is provided with said fold is also provided with embossments 27b.

In Figure 6J a lower beam component is shown, according to a first embodiment of the method of the invention. Said component of The lower beam consists of a rectangular profile 30a, made from the joining of four steel sheets, and provided with holes 31a on its upper face and perforations 34a on one of its lateral faces that allow the passage of the binder material and / or binder, and a square 33a intended to join a portion of a slab component (which will be described later). The intermediate portion of the upper and lower plate of the profile 30a is provided with slots 32a intended to receive a rib 11e, 12e of a pillar component.

In Figure 6K a wall component comprising two corrugated sheets 40a, 41a facing symmetrically is shown. The hollow space defined between said sheets 40a, 41a is limited by a right flat sheet 43a, a left flat sheet 44a, a lower flat sheet 45a and an upper sheet 41a provided with holes allowing the passage of binder and / or binder material. Said wall component is also provided with a flange 47a which is intended to be attached to a portion of the wall component or abutment pillar component.

Figure 6L shows a technical floor component comprising a lattice 50a formed by metal sheets. Two recesses 51 a, 52 a intended to accommodate two abutment components are provided.

Figure 6M shows a slab component that is formed by a corrugated sheet 51b inserted inside a box 50b made from four metal sheets.

Figure 6N shows a lower stair component ESCnf comprising a drawer on whose lower face is provided a corrugated sheet 60a, a flat upper face 61a and two side faces 62a, 63a. The front and rear parts of the drawer are substantially hollow, except for the provision in the lower portion of the front part of an elongate plate 64a. Likewise, the lower portions of its two lateral faces 62a, 63a are inclined from the second half of their travel forming an acute angle with the horizontal, thus allowing the stair component to be flush with the floor of the floor of the building in which it is mounted.

Also, a footprint 65a of ladder rung is joined at its lower end to the upper face 61a of the drawer, forming an acute angle with it, said footprint 65a of ladder rung having its upper end attached at right angles to a corresponding riser 66a of stairs.

Figure 60 shows a stairway section formed by the junction of a plurality of intermediate ladder ESCnt components with a top component ESCsup of ladder will have and a lower ladder ESCinf component.

The intermediate ladder components ESCnt are substantially provided with the same elements as the lower ladder components ESC, and the only difference with the latter is that the lower portions of their side faces are not inclined. For another On the other hand, the upper staircase ESCsup components are also substantially provided with the same elements as the lower ladder components ESCinf, and the only difference with the latter is that the first half, and not the second, of the lower portions of the staircase. its lateral faces the one that is inclined forming an acute angle with the horizontal one.

Figure 6P shows a foundation-joining component comprising an anchoring base sheet 70a, substantially square in shape and provided with a square central hole 71a, said hole 71a being adapted to receive pillar components.

In the vicinity of the four corners of the sheet metal sheet 70a there are provided through holes in which there are received respective waiting pins 72a, which are secured to said sheet 70a by means of assemblies formed by nuts 73a and washers 74a. The free end of the waiting pins 72a is, in turn, intended to be inserted into the foundation.

Figure 6Q shows a hoisting component comprising a cassette 80a composed of a front plate, a back plate, two side plates and a bottom plate which, in this embodiment, is hinged to one of the side plates. On top of the box, a cover 81a is provided, which is provided with two L-shaped sheets 82a, 83a. Likewise, on the upper face of the cover there is provided a grip member 84a which, in the present embodiment, is a carabiner that can be disassembled by loosening a thread, not shown in the figures, and provided inside the box.

The present embodiment of the invention contemplates two types of centering and leveling components: male and female.

The male centering and leveling components may be provided, as shown in Figures 6R and 6S, on the cover 81b of a lifting component, as desired.

Said centering and leveling components comprise a substantially cylindrical screw 82b which, in the present embodiment, is housed in a first cavity provided on the cover 81b and secured to said cover 81b by means of a thread 83b. Also, the centering and leveling components comprise a pile 84b which slides along a second cavity provided on the cover 81b. Also, a prisoner 85b is provided to immobilize the pile 84b in an operating position, as desired.

Figure 6T shows a female leveling and centering component comprising a stepped support 90a on which a body 91a provided with a central through hole 92a is disposed. Said stepped support 90a is provided with a second hole (not visible in the figures), intended to receive a pile 84b of a male leveling and centering component. Likewise, a pin 93a is provided on the upper part of the stepped support 90a, which serves as a reference point during the leveling.

According to this embodiment of the method of the invention, it is noted that before assembling the prefabricated assemblies corresponding to a new plant of the building, in the immediately below floor, already built, a plurality of male leveling and centering components is provided. .

The necessary steps to level and center the sets of said new plant are: Remove all carabiners provided in the lifting and leveling / centering components of the plant immediately below; Unscrew the spindles 82b provided in the leveling and centering components of the plant immediately below and remove them from the cavities in which they are housed; Adjust, by means of the prisoners 85b, the height of the piles 84b provided in the leveling and centering components of the plant immediately below, so that when introducing the piles in the second holes provided in the leveling components of the prefabricated assemblies of the new plant, said prefabricated assemblies of the new plant are leveled. To check the leveling of said prefabricated assemblies, the pinulas 93a provided in each of the female leveling and centering components of the prefabricated assemblies of the new plant can be used; Center the prefabricated assemblies of the new plant matching the central through holes 92a, provided in each of the female leveling and centering components of the upper floor, with the first cavities provided in each of the male leveling and centering components of the immediately below floor; Insert the spindles 82b through the central through holes 92a of the female components of the upper floor and thread each of said spindles 82b to the threads 83b provided in the male components of the immediately lower floor.

Figure 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the land on which it is to be built, showing schematically the placement of three COA, COB, COC portions of the building foundation.

Figure 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of the fractions F0B2 and F0A1 and F0B4 (not visible in the figure) to form, according to the present embodiment of the method of the invention, the foundation plant of the building E .

Figure 7C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the corresponding hollow regions of the fractions F0B2 and F0A1 are filled with a binder and / or binder material according to the method of the invention.

In this embodiment, the chosen binder material is self-compacting concrete which, being very fluid, allows to fill in a homogeneous all the hollow regions, provided for that purpose, in the fractions. No binder material is used.

However, it is possible to use any other binder and / or binder material that conforms to the specific requirements of the particular building to be built.

Also, in this embodiment of the process of the invention, the pouring of the binder material is carried out according to the "inverted table" technique, that is, it is poured from the top of the pillars of the fraction or fractions to be concreted, so that it falls by gravity to the bottom of the hollow regions of said fraction or fractions.

In Figure 7C, as well as in all subsequent figures, the hollow regions of the fractions filled with self-compact concrete are marked with a pattern of oblique lines.

Figure 7D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of the fractions F1C2, F1 B2 and F1A1, of the ground floor on the foundation plant. This step of the process of the invention occurs once the concrete of the foundation plant has acquired sufficient strength to support the weight of said fractions F1C2, F1 B2 and F1A1.

As the concrete does not acquire resistance in a linear way, but this acquisition occurs very quickly at the beginning and slows down later, the lightness of the fractions constructed according to the The process of the invention makes it possible for the fractions corresponding to a plant to be placed on the immediately lower plant without waiting for the concrete of said immediately lower plant to have completely set.

In the technical construction sector it is usually considered that a concrete has fully set at twenty-eight days. In this embodiment of the method of the invention, the fractions of an upper floor are placed on the immediately lower floor seven days after having concreted said lower floor, instant in which the concrete has acquired 70% of its characteristic resistance.

Figure 7E is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the corresponding hollow regions of the fractions F1C2, F1B2 and F1A1 are filled with a self-compacting concrete material.

Figure 7F is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of the fraction F2C2.

Figure 7G is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of the F2C2 fraction are concreted.

Figure 7H is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of the fraction F3A2.

Figure 71 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of the F3A2 fraction are concreted.

Figure 7J is a schematic cross-sectional view that shows the assembly of fraction F4C2.

Figure 7K is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of the F4C2 fraction are concreted.

Figure 7L is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of the fraction F5A2.

Finally, Figure 7M is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of this last fraction are concreted.

The embodiment of the invention described here has been given exclusively by way of explanatory and non-limiting example. Other embodiments and modifications included within the scope of the invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art, as defined in the appended claims.

Thus, for example, reinforcement bars can be arranged inside the hollow regions of the fractions, especially in the hollow regions corresponding to the beam, pillar and slab components, in order to increase the tensile strength of said elements. components, in a manner known per se in the state of the art.

On the other hand, in another possible embodiment of the invention, in addition to forging components, slab components can be manufactured.

Claims

1. Industrialized construction construction procedure that includes the following stages, not necessarily consecutive: a) Provide the layout, general characteristics and technical requirements of the building to be built; b) Manufacturing industrially a plurality of transportable assemblies comprising pieces of hollow section, specific portions of said hollow sections being substantially coincident with each other, so that when joining said pieces a unique, substantially continuous, empty space is formed and when filling said space With a binder and / or binder material, the combination of said parts and said binder and / or binder material forms technically equivalent and aesthetically similar members to beams, pillars, walls, slabs and if stairs and / or slabs are present, the building to be built, also placing on said pieces the installations, coatings and finishes of the building; c) Transport said assemblies to their final location; d) Build the foundation of the building; e) Place on the foundation the sets corresponding to the first floor of the building, level them and join them together; f) Fill the hollow sections of the pieces of the assemblies with binder and / or binder material; g) Once the binder and / or binder material has acquired sufficient strength, place the corresponding assemblies to the next floor of the building, level them and join them together; h) filling the hollow regions of said assemblies with the binder and / or binder material, following a procedure substantially identical to that of step g; i) Repeat steps g) and h) as necessary.

2. Industrialized building construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow section pieces are elongated laminar pieces defining hollow regions.

3. Industrialized construction process of buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that the elongated laminar pieces are galvanized steel profiles.

4. Industrialized construction process of buildings according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the hollow section pieces have standardized dimensions.

5. Industrialized building construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that the dimensions according to the vertical plane of the hollow section pieces are integer multiples of the height of a stair riser.

6. Industrialized building construction process according to any of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that the dimensions according to the vertical plane of the pieces of hollow section are integer multiples of 18cm and because the dimensions according to the horizontal plane of said pieces are integer multiples of 5cm, respectively.

7. Industrialized building construction method according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one of said pieces of hollow section is provided with distribution orifices designed to allow the distribution of binder and / or binder material.

8. Industrialized construction method of buildings according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one of said pieces of hollow section is provided with holes destined to receive reinforcing bars.

9. Industrialized construction process of buildings according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the binder material is self-compacting concrete.

10. Industrialized construction process of buildings according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the pouring of the binder and / or binder material is carried out according to the "inverted table" technique.

11. INDUSTRIALIZED CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF BUILDINGS according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it is established that the binder and / or agglomerating material has acquired the sufficient strength, when the strength of said binder and / or binder material reaches 70% of its characteristic strength.

12. Industrialized construction process of buildings according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transportable assemblies are self-supporting.

13. Prefabricated assembly for use in an industrialized building construction process, according to any of the preceding claims.

14. Prefabricated assembly according to claim 13, characterized in that the hollow section pieces are elongated laminar pieces.

15. Prefabricated assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that the elongated sheet pieces are galvanized steel profiles.

16. Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that it comprises pieces of hollow section of standardized dimensions.

17. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the dimensions according to the vertical plane of the pieces of hollow section are integral multiples of the height of a stair riser.

18. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the dimensions according to the vertical plane of the pieces of hollow section are integer multiples of 18cm and because the dimensions according to the horizontal plane of said pieces are integer multiples of 5cm, respectively.

19. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that at least one of the pieces of hollow section is provided with distribution holes that allow the passage of binder material and / or binder.

20. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that at least one of said pieces of hollow section is provided with holes intended to receive reinforcing bars.

21. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that it is self-supporting.

22. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that it is formed from the union of: Pillar components, Lower beam components; Top beam components; Technical floor components; Wall components; Forging components; Foundation connection components; Lifting components; I Centering / leveling components.

23. Prefabricated assembly according to claim 22, characterized in that the pillar components comprise laminar bodies (10a, 0b, 10c, 10e) formed by the joining of galvanized steel sheets that are provided at their lateral ends (11a, 12a, 11b, 12b) of folds curved outwards; said pillar components being further provided, in their upper part, with rods (13a, 13b, 13b ', 13e, 13e') supporting planar pieces (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e); of embossments (17a, 17b, 17e); of recesses (18b, 18c, 18c ', 18d, 18d', 18e, 18e ') intended to accommodate components of upper beam; of ribs (16a, 16b, 16e) arranged on the outside of said component and circular holes (15a, 15b, 15e, 19d) intended to allow the passage of binder and / or binder material.

24. The prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 23, characterized in that the upper beam components comprise elongated profiles (20a, 20b) provided with corrugated sheets (25a, 25b) and curved folds (21b) that make it possible to join said component. beam superior to other component (s), said upper beam component optionally provided with embossments (27b).

25. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the lower beam components comprise rectangular profiles (30a) provided with holes (31a) and perforations (34a) intended to allow the passage of binder material and / or binder, being further provided with brackets (33a) intended to be attached to a portion of a slab component and, optionally, slots (32a) intended to accommodate curved folds of pillar components.

26. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the wall components comprise two corrugated sheets (40a, 41a) facing symmetrically, the hollow space defined between said sheets (40a, 41a) being limited by a right flat sheet (43a) ), a left smooth sheet (44a), a lower smooth sheet (45a) and an upper sheet (41a) provided with holes allowing the passage of binder and / or binder material, said flange wall component (47a) also being provided. ) that are intended to be attached to contiguous portions of wall components or pillar components.

27. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the technical floor components comprise a lattice (50a) formed by metal sheets, being further provided with recesses (51a, 52a) intended to accommodate pillar components.

28. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the forging components are formed by corrugated sheets (51 b) inserted into the interior of drawers (50b) made from four metal sheets.

29. Prefabricated assembly according to any of the claims 22 to 28, characterized in that the ladder components comprise drawers on whose lower face corrugated sheets (60a) are provided, the front and rear parts of the drawers being substantially hollow, lower footprints (65a) being also joined at their lower end. stairway to the upper faces (61a) of the drawers, said stair treads (65a) having their upper ends joined at right angles to corresponding stair risers (66a).

30. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 29, characterized in that the foundation-joining components comprise plates (70a) of anchoring base, substantially square in shape and provided with square central holes (71a), said orifices (71a) being to house pillar components; also being provided in the vicinity of the four corners of the plates (70a) through holes in which are housed two separate pins (72a), which are secured to said plates (70a) by means of sets formed by nuts (73a) ) and washers (74a).

31. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 30, characterized in that the hoisting components comprise housings (80a) composed of a front plate, a back plate, two side plates and a bottom plate that is hinged to one of the side plates; on the top of the cassettes, caps (81a) provided with two L-shaped plates (82a, 83a); being also provided gripping members (84a) on the upper faces of the lids.

32. Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 22 to 31, characterized in that the centering and leveling components can be male centering and leveling components or female centering and leveling components.

33. Prefabricated assembly according to claim 32, characterized in that said male centering and leveling components comprise substantially cylindrical spindles (82b) housed in a first cavity provided on the covers (81 b) and secured to said cover (81 b) by means of threads ( 83b); further comprising piles (84b) slidable along second cavities provided on the caps (81b); and being further provided with prisoners (85b) intended to immobilize the piles (84b) in an operating position.

34. Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 32 to 33, characterized in that the female leveling and centering components comprise staggered supports (90a) on which respective bodies (91a) provided with a central through hole (92a) are disposed; said stepped support (90a) being provided with second holes for receiving a pile (84b) of a male leveling and centering component; and also pinulas (93a) are provided in the upper parts of the stepped supports (90a).