ES2398821A1 - Industrialised method for constructing buildings and pre-fabricated sets for using in said method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrialised method for constructing buildings, comprising, among other steps, industrially producing transportable sets comprising parts with a hollow cross-section, specific portions of said hollow cross-sections substantially coinciding with each other, such that when said parts are assembled, a substantially continuous single hollow space is formed, and when said space is filled with a conglomerating and/or agglomerant material, the combination of said parts and said conglomerating and/or agglomerant material forms members that are technically equivalent and aesthetically similar to the beams, pillars, walls, frameworks and optionally slabs and staircases, of the building to be constructed.

Description

Industrialized construction procedure for buildings and prefabricated assemblies for use in this procedure

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an industrialized building construction process in which prefabricated assemblies are used comprising a plurality of simpler parts which are subsequently filled with a binder and / or binder material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the technical construction sector, building procedures are known in which prefabricated assemblies are used in order to industrialize, at least partially, the building process, simplify assembly tasks and / or reduce construction time.

Thus, for example, US 4,513,545, in the name of George D. Hopkins Jr., discloses a construction procedure that contemplates prefabricating a plurality of construction modules provided with four walls and subsequently joining them together by stacking and / or by fitting a plurality of joists into empty spaces provided for this purpose.

This procedure uses solid building modules, so it does not contemplate the use of any binder and / or binder material, or any lost formwork structure. In addition, there is no element arranged continuously throughout the different modules that make up the building, which prevents said building from having a monolithic character.

On the other hand, in the state of the art there are also known building procedures that contemplate filling structures with a binding material, as disclosed, for example, in US 6,085,476 in the name of David B. Jantzi and Cols .

However, unlike the cited prior art documents, the invention proposes an industrialized building construction process in which, simultaneously:

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Prefabricated assemblies comprising hollow section pieces are used;

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Said prefabricated assemblies are subsequently joined together to form lost formwork structures;

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Said substantially hollow regions are subsequently filled with a binder and / or binder material;

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Said industrialized process makes it possible to build buildings of a monolithic nature, whose strength and resistance to loads is comparable to that of a conventional building; Y

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These buildings are also provided with technically equivalent members and aesthetically similar to the beams, pillars, walls, floors, slabs and / or stairs of a conventional building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first aspect of the invention relates to an industrialized building construction procedure different from those known in the state of the art which also addresses the following issues:

That makes it possible to construct buildings of very diverse designs using almost exclusively a plurality of prefabricated assemblies and a binder and / or binder material;

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That said prefabricated assemblies are, in addition, substantially light and transportable (according to the usual criteria of the technical construction sector) and that at the same time resistance to loads comparable to those of a conventional building and provide said building with technically equivalent members and aesthetically similar to the beams, pillars, walls, floors, slabs and stairs of a conventional building.

The prefabricated assemblies for use in the process according to the invention are formed by a plurality of hollow section pieces, also placing on said pieces all the installations, coatings and finishes of the building. Likewise, said prefabricated assemblies are designed in such a way that specific portions of the hollow sections of said parts are coincident and, when joined together, form a unique and substantially continuous empty space.

Once said prefabricated assemblies have been transported to their final location, they join together to form a structure that will be used as a lost formwork. Subsequently, the prefabricated assemblies are filled with a binder and / or binder material. Thanks to the special configuration of the hollow section pieces (described above), said binder and / or binder material can flow without interruption from some prefabricated assemblies to others, completely filling the continuous empty space to reproduce technically equivalent members to the beams, pillars , walls, floors, slabs and stairs of a conventional building.

In this way, the binder and / or binder material is finally arranged continuously throughout the space substantially delimited by the pieces of the different prefabricated assemblies, which gives the building, after the setting of the binder material and / or binder, a monolithic character.

On the other hand, some pieces may also be provided with distribution holes to facilitate that the binder and / or binder material is distributed evenly throughout the empty space. Likewise, they can also be provided with holes that allow the passage of reinforcement bars.

More particularly, the industrialized building construction process according to the invention comprises the following steps, not necessarily consecutive:

a) Provide the layout, general characteristics and technical requirements of the building to be built;

b) Industrially manufacture a plurality of transportable assemblies comprising hollow section pieces, specific portions of said hollow sections being substantially coincident with each other, so that by joining said pieces a single, substantially continuous empty space is formed, and when filling said space with a binder and / or binder material, the combination of said pieces and said binder and / or binder material forms technically equivalent members and aesthetically similar to the beams, pillars, walls, floors, slabs and if present, stairs, of the building to build, also placing on these pieces the facilities, coatings and finishes of the building;

c) Transport these sets to their final location;

d) Build the foundation of the building;

e) Place the assemblies corresponding to the first floor of the building on the foundation, level them and join them together;

f) Fill the hollow sections of the parts of the assemblies with binder and / or binder material;

g) Once the binder and / or binder material has acquired a work resistance, place the assemblies corresponding to the next floor of the building, level them and join them together;

h) Fill the hollow regions of said assemblies with the binder and / or binder material, following a procedure substantially identical to that of step g;

i) Repeat steps g) and h) as necessary.

The working resistance of the binder and / or binder material mentioned in step g) is therefore sufficient strength so that the binder and / or binder material substantially maintains its structural integrity by continuing the building on the plant on which it is arranged such binder and / or binder material. As the person skilled in the art will understand in light of the teachings of the present document, the value of the work resistance depends on the parameters of each embodiment, such as composition of the binder and / or binder material, development point of the setting of such binder and / or binder material, charges to be borne by such binder and / or binder material, etc., and can be calculated for each embodiment by the person skilled in the art using known procedures.

A second aspect of the invention is to propose a plurality of prefabricated assemblies for use in the industrialized building construction process described above. Said prefabricated assemblies are formed by hollow section pieces, said pieces being of various types.

Thus, in the present specification, the simplest pieces are called "elements". These elements are in turn combined with each other to form more complex pieces that, in the present specification, are called "components." Finally, the components are combined with each other to form each of the transportable parts which, according to the process of the invention, comprise the building and which are hereby referred to interchangeably as "fractions" or "prefabricated" assemblies.

Therefore, both the components, and the elements from which said components are formed, are manufactured with dimensions according to the specific dimensions of the fraction of which they are part and / or the specific dimensions of the adjacent fractions.

There are four different groups of components: linear, surface, ladder and auxiliary components.

The group of linear components comprises: the pillar components, the lower beam components and the upper beam components.

The group of surface components comprises: technical floor components, wall components, and floor components.

The auxiliary component group includes all the foundation connection components, the lifting components and the centering / leveling components.

Finally, the group of stair components comprises the lower stair components, the intermediate stair components and the upper stair components.

The terms "element", "component", and "fraction" are used throughout the invention only to facilitate understanding of the text and without any limiting purpose.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments of the invention, given only by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

Figure 1A is a view of the north elevation of a building E to be constructed using the method of the invention;

Figure 1B is a view of the east elevation of said building E;

Figure 1C is a view of the south elevation of said building E;

Figure 1D is a view of the west elevation of said building E;

Figure 1E is a cross-sectional view of said building E;

Figure 2A is a view of the foundation plant of building E, showing the fractions that form said plant;

Figure 2B is a view of the ground floor of building E, showing the fractions that form said plant;

Figure 2C is a view of the upper floor of the building E, showing the fractions that form said plant;

Figure 2D is a view of the roof plan of building E, showing the fractions that form said plant;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the building E, similar to that of Figure 1E but in exploded view, showing the fractions visible from that location;

Figure 4 is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of all the fractions that form building E;

Figure 5A is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of the fractions that form the foundation plant of the building E;

Figure 5B is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a first fraction of the ground floor of building E; Figure 5C is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a second fraction of the ground floor of building E; Figure 5D is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a third fraction of the ground floor of building E; Figure 5E is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a fourth fraction of the ground floor of building E; Figure 5F is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of the raised portion of the ground floor of the building E; Figure 5G is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a first fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5H is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a second fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5I is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a third fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5J is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a fourth fraction of the upper floor of the building E; Figure 5K is an axonometric perspective view, showing the substantially structural part of a first fraction of the roof plan of building E; Figure 5L is an axonometric perspective view showing that it shows the substantially structural part of a second and last fraction of the roof plan of building E; Figure 6A is an axonometric perspective view of a pillar quarter component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6B is another axonometric perspective view of the quarter-pillar component shown in Figure 6A; Figure 6C is an axonometric perspective view showing a pillar half component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6D is an axonometric perspective view showing two other pillar half components according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6E is an axonometric perspective view showing a complete abutment component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6F is an axonometric perspective view showing an upper beam half component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6G shows a detail of Figure 6F on an enlarged scale; Figure 6H is an axonometric perspective view showing a complete upper beam component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6I shows a detail of Figure 6H on an enlarged scale; Figure 6J is an axonometric perspective view showing a lower beam component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6K is an axonometric perspective view showing a wall component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6L is an axonometric perspective view showing a technical floor component, according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6M is an axonometric perspective view showing a floor component, according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 6N is an axonometric perspective view showing a lower stair component, according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 6O is an axonometric perspective view showing a lower stair component, according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 6P is an axonometric perspective view showing a foundation joint component;

Figure 6Q is an axonometric perspective view showing a lifting component;

Figure 6R is an axonometric perspective view showing a male centering / leveling component;

Figure 6S is a cross-sectional view of a male centering / leveling component;

Figure 6T is an axonometric perspective view showing a female leveling and centering component;

Figures 7A to 7M are schematic views, in cross-section, showing different stages of the building process according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figures 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D respectively show the north, east, south and west elevations of an example of a possible building E to be built.

Said building E has a markedly asymmetric distribution and allows to illustrate the great variety of buildings that can be constructed according to the process and the prefabricated assemblies of the invention.

In Figure 1E, which represents a cross section of the building E, it is shown that said building E consists of a foundation plant, a ground floor, a high floor and a roofing plant, which will be described in more detail in the Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D, respectively.

In this specific example of embodiment, both the ground floor and the upper floor of the building E have two portions that are elevated with respect to the rest of the plant, so that the distribution of said building E is irregular and has the following characteristic heights :

H0: height from which the foundation plant extends;

H1: height from which the ground floor extends;

H2 height from which the elevated portion of the ground floor extends;

H3: height from which the upper floor extends;

H4 height from which the elevated portion of the upper floor extends; Y

H5: height from which the roofing plant extends;

Also, both in said Figure 1E, as in other figures that will be described later, dotted lines have been drawn to help identify the different fractions that form building E.

Figure 2A shows the foundation plant corresponding to the building E, as well as the prefabricated fractions necessary to form said plant, according to a first embodiment of the process of the invention.

Throughout the present description, the prefabricated fractions are named using the letter F, followed by a number from 0 to 5 (corresponding to the height at which said fraction is mounted), and followed by a letter and number (illustrating what is the position of the fraction within the corresponding plant).

To indicate the position of a fraction within a plant, a coordinate system based on rows and columns is also used in the present description. The rows are named correlatively, from top to bottom, starting with the letter A. The columns, in turn, are numbered correlatively from left to right.

Thus, the foundation plant shown in Figure 2A is formed, according to a first embodiment of the process of the invention, from the union of a fraction F0A1 arranged in a top left position; a fraction F0B2 arranged in a lower left position; and a fraction F0B4 arranged in a lower right position.

The ground floor shown in Figure 2B comprises a bathroom B, a hall V, a dining room S, and a porch P. Said ground floor is formed, according to the present embodiment of the process of the invention, from the joint of fractions F1A1, F1B2, F1B4 and F1C2.

Also, the upper floor shown in Figure 2C comprises a bedroom, D provided with a balcony and access stairs to the lower floor. Said top floor is formed, according to the present embodiment of the process of the invention, from the union of fractions F3A1, F3A2, F3A3, F2C2 and F3B3.

Finally, the roofing plant shown in Figure 2D is formed, according to the present embodiment of the process of the invention, from the union of fractions F5A2 and F4C2.

Figure 3 is an exploded and schematic cross section of the building E. In it, the cross sections of the fractions F0B2, F0A1, F1C2, F1B2, F1A1, F2C2, F3A2, F4C2 and F5A2 can be seen.

Figure 4 is an axonometric perspective view showing the position occupied, after installation, of the prefabricated fractions F0A1, F0B2, F0B4, F1A1, F1B2, F1C2, F1B4, F3A1, F3A2, F3A3, F2C2, F3B3, F5A2 and F4C2 , necessary to construct the building E, according to the present embodiment of the process of the invention.

In said figure 4 and in other subsequent figures the portions of installations, coatings and finishes provided in the prefabricated fractions have been omitted, as well as some of the wall components provided in part of said fractions, so that the interior of said fractions.

In figures 5A to 5L each of these prefabricated fractions F0A1, F0B2, F0B4, F1A1, F1B2, F1C2, F1B4, F3A1, F3A2, F3A3, F2C2, F3B3, F5A2 and F4C2 are shown in axonometric perspective.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment of the process of the invention, each of the prefabricated fractions has a portion of sufficient structure so that said fraction is self-supporting.

Also, in the present embodiment the pieces that make up each fraction are standardized and can only have a set of dimensions.

More particularly, said set of dimensions results from imposing that the dimensions in the vertical and horizontal plane of the pieces be integer multiples of certain quantities which, in this embodiment, are:

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in the horizontal plane: 5 cm; Y

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in the vertical plane: 18 cm (it is determined that this is also the height of a riser).

These minimum dimensions are chosen because they are considered anthropometric. Likewise, since in the vertical sense only dimensions that are integer multiples of the height of a riser are allowed, this division guarantees that the ladder sections coincide exactly with the upper limit of the fractions and therefore are neither above nor above under.

This embodiment of the method of the invention contemplates constructing each of the fractions into which the building is divided by joining a plurality of components, which are in turn made of simpler pieces, called elements, and formed in this embodiment from elongated laminar pieces defining hollow regions, more particularly, from galvanized steel profiles of standardized dimensions.

The main features and configuration of said components which, according to this embodiment, are joined to form the fraction portions are described below in relation to Figures 6A to 6T.

However, depending on the particular fraction to which a component belongs, as well as the specific position it occupies within it, some of said components may be slightly different from those specifically shown in said figures 6A to 6T, as it will be evident to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings of the present description.

A column quarter component according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 6A. Said component comprises an L-shaped profile 10a, made from the union of two galvanized steel sheets. The outer ends 11a and 12a of said sheets are provided with bends curved outwards. From the upper end of said plates, a rod 13a of L-shaped cross-section protrudes vertically, on which a square 14a, arranged horizontally, rests.

Said quarter-pillar component is provided with circular holes 15a, arranged at its base, which allow the passage of binder and / or binder material towards the lower beam components (which will be described later), being also provided with a plurality of drawing 17a intended to increase resistance of the profile 10a. Likewise, the quarter pillar component is also provided with ribs 16a, shown in Figure 6B and arranged along the outside of the profile 10, intended to increase the resistance of the component to the hydrostatic pressure of the binder component and / or binder.

A pillar half component according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 6C. Said component comprises a laminar body 10b of C-shaped cross-section, formed from the union of two L-profiles. Each of said L-profiles comprises, in turn, two steel sheets arranged perpendicularly to each other. On the other hand, the ends of the side plates 11b and 12b of the sheet body 10b are provided with curved folds outwards.

In the upper part of the joining surfaces of the central plate with the side plates 11b and 12b of the C-shaped body 10b, two rods 13b and 13'b are provided on which a substantially C-shaped part 14b rests. , arranged horizontally.

Also, the upper part of the sheet 12b is provided with a recess 18b intended to accommodate an upper beam component (which will be described later).

Like the quarter-pillar component, the half-pillar component is provided with circular holes 15b, arranged at its base, inlays 17b and ribs 16b.

Figure 6D shows two other pillar half components. These components have a structure almost identical to that of the component described in relation to Figure 6C. The only differences with it are, first of all, that the recesses 18c, 18´c, 18d and 18d´ of the plates are arranged in different places to accommodate other arrangements other than upper beam components and, secondly, that the Second half pillar component is provided with an additional circular hole 19d that allows the passage of binder and / or binder material to a beam portion that will be housed in the recess 18'd.

Figure 6E shows a complete pillar component comprising a laminar body 10e of square cross-section, formed from the union of L-profiles. Each of said L-profiles comprises, in turn, two steel sheets. arranged perpendicularly to each other, the ends of said sheets being provided with outwardly curved folds that give rise to the ribs 11e and 12e.

The upper portions of two of said plates are provided with recesses 18e, 18é intended to accommodate respective upper beam components. Likewise, two rods 13e and 13'e are provided on which a flat piece 14e arranged horizontally and substantially in the form of a square frame rests.

Like the rest of the pillar components described, the complete pillar component is also provided with circular holes 15e, arranged at its base, inlays 17e and ribs 16e.

Also, depending on the number of upper beam components that are attached to the complete pillar component, it is possible to practice other different recesses on the plates of said complete pillar component during its manufacturing stage.

In FIGS. 6F and 6G a component of upper beam half is shown comprising an elongated profile 20a of L-shaped cross-section, which is connected to two short profiles 21a and 22a, whose cross-section is also L-shaped , by means of inclined profiles 23a and 24a of interconnection. In the present embodiment, the joints between the profiles 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a, and 24a are made by welding the folds provided at each of the ends of said profiles.

A grooved sheet 25a is disposed on the inner face of the horizontal portion of the elongated profile 20a, the free end of said horizontal portion of the profile 20a being also, as well as the free ends of the horizontal portions of the profiles 21a, 22a, 23a, and 24a provided with respective folds curved downwards, which allow the joining of two facing components of upper beam half by welding their respective folds curved downwards.

In Figures 6H and 6I a complete upper beam component is shown comprising a U-shaped cross section profile 20b made, according to this embodiment of the present invention, from the joining of three steel sheets. The joints between the central plate and each of the side plates of the profile 20b are reinforced by a plurality of transverse pivots 28b. A grooved sheet 25b is disposed on the inner face of the horizontal portion of the profile 20b, in addition, one of the side sheets of the profile 20b is provided with an outwardly curved fold 21b, intended to be attached to a portion of a forged component and a fold 22b curved outwardly, intended to join a pillar portion.

Likewise, the side plate of the profile 20b which is provided with said fold is also provided with embossments 27b.

A lower beam component is shown in Figure 6J, according to a first embodiment of the process of the invention. Said lower beam component consists of a rectangular profile 30a, made from the union of four steel sheets, and provided with holes 31a in its upper face and perforations 34a in one of its lateral faces that allow the passage of the binder material. and / or binder, and a square 33a intended to join a portion of a floor component (which will be described later). The intermediate portion of the upper and lower plate of the profile 30a is provided with grooves 32a intended to accommodate a rib 11e, 12e of a pillar component.

In figure 6K a wall component is shown comprising two freckled plates 40a, 41a symmetrically facing each other. The hollow space defined between said plates 40a, 41a is limited by a right smooth plate 43a, a left smooth plate 44a, a lower smooth plate 45a and an upper plate 41a provided with holes that allow the passage of binder and / or binder material. Said wall component is also provided with a flange 47a which is intended to be attached to a portion of a wall component or an adjacent pillar component.

Figure 6L shows a technical floor component comprising a lattice 50a formed by metal sheets. Two recesses 51a, 52a are provided to accommodate two pillar components.

Figure 6M shows a slab component that is formed by a grooved sheet 51b inserted inside a drawer 50b made from four metal sheets.

Figure 6N shows a lower staircase component ESCinf comprising a drawer on whose lower face a grooved sheet 60a, a flat upper face 61a and two lateral faces 62a, 63a are provided. The front and back of the drawer are substantially hollow, except for the provision in the lower portion of the front of an elongated sheet 64a. Likewise, the lower portions of its two lateral faces 62a, 63a are inclined from the second half of its path forming an acute angle with the horizontal, thus allowing the ladder component to be flush with the floor of the floor of the building in which it is mounted.

Likewise, a stair tread 65a is connected by its lower end to the upper face 61a of the drawer, forming an acute angle with it, said stair tread 65a having its upper end joined at right angles to a corresponding riser 66a Staircase

Figure 6O shows a flight of stairs formed by the union of a plurality of intermediate components ESCint of stairs with an upper component ESCsup of stairs will have and a lower component ESCinf of stairs.

The intermediate staircase components ESCint are substantially provided with the same elements as the lower staircase components ESCinf and the only difference with the latter is that the lower portions of their lateral faces are not inclined. On the other hand, the upper staircase ESCsup components are also substantially provided with the same elements as the lower staircase ESCinf components and the only difference with the latter is that it is the first half, and not the second, of the lower portions of its lateral faces the one that is inclined forming an acute angle with the horizontal.

Figure 6P shows a foundation joint component comprising an anchor base plate 70a, substantially square in shape and provided with a square central hole 71a, said hole 71a being intended to accommodate pillar components.

In the vicinity of the four corners of the sheet 70a, through holes are provided in which two standby bolts 72a are housed, which are secured to said sheet 70a by means of assemblies formed by nuts 73a and washers 74a. The free end of the waiting bolts 72a is, in turn, intended to be introduced into the foundation.

Figure 6Q shows a lifting component comprising a box 80a composed of a front plate, a rear plate, two side plates and a lower plate which, in this embodiment, is hinged to one of the side plates. On top of the box, a lid 81a is provided, which is provided with two L-shaped plates 82a, 83a. Also, on the upper face of the lid is provided a grip member 84a which, in the present embodiment, it is a carabiner that can be disassembled by loosening a thread, not shown in the figures, and provided inside the case.

The present embodiment of the invention contemplates two types of centering and leveling components: male and female.

The centering and leveling male components may be provided, as shown in Figures 6R and 6S, on the cover 81b of a lifting component, as desired.

Said centering and leveling components comprise a substantially cylindrical spindle 82b which, in the present embodiment, is housed in a first cavity provided on the cover 81b and is secured to said cover 81b by means of a thread 83b. Also, the centering and leveling components comprise a rod 84b which slides along a second cavity provided on the cover 81b. Also, a prisoner 85b is provided to immobilize the rod 84b in an operating position, as desired.

In figure 6T a female leveling and centering component is shown comprising a stepped support 90a on which a body 91a provided with a through central hole 92a is arranged. Said stepped support 90a is provided with a second hole (not visible in the figures), intended to accommodate a rod 84b of a male leveling and centering component. Likewise, a pin 93a is provided on the upper part of the stepped support 90a, which serves as a reference point during leveling.

In accordance with this embodiment of the process of the invention, it is noted that before assembling the prefabricated assemblies corresponding to a new building plant, a plurality of male leveling and centering components is provided on the immediately lower floor, already built. .

The necessary steps to level and center the assemblies of said new plant are:

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Remove all carabiners provided in the lifting and leveling / centering components of the immediately lower floor;

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Unscrew the spindles 82b provided in the leveling and centering components of the immediately lower floor and remove them from the cavities in which they are housed;

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Adjust, by means of the prisoners 85b, the height of the stems 84b provided in the leveling and centering components of the immediately lower floor, so that by introducing the stems in the second holes provided in the leveling components of the prefabricated assemblies of the new plant, said prefabricated assemblies of the new plant are leveled. To check the leveling of said prefabricated assemblies, the pins 93a provided in each of the female leveling and centering components of the prefabricated assemblies of the new plant can be used;

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Center the prefabricated assemblies of the new plant by matching the through central holes 92a, provided in each of the female leveling and centering components of the upper floor, with the first cavities provided in each of the male leveling and centering components of the immediately lower floor;

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Insert the spindles 82b through the central through holes 92a of the female components of the upper floor and thread each of said spindles 82b to the threads 83b provided in the male components of the immediately lower floor.

Figure 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the land on which it is to be built, which schematically shows the placement of three COA, COB, COC building foundation portions.

Figure 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of fractions F0B2 and F0A1 and F0B4 (not visible in the figure) to form, according to the present embodiment of the process of the invention, the foundation plant of building E .

Figure 7C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the corresponding hollow regions of fractions F0B2 and F0A1 are filled with a binder and / or binder material, according to the method of the invention.

In this embodiment, the chosen binder material is self-compacted concrete which, being very fluid, allows to fill all the hollow regions, provided for that purpose, in the fractions in a homogeneous manner. No binder material is used.

However, it is possible to use any other binder and / or binder material that conforms to the specific requirements of the particular building to be built.

Also, in this embodiment of the process of the invention, the pouring of the binder material is carried out according to the "inverted table" technique, that is, pouring it from the top of the pillars of the fraction or fractions to be concreted, so that it falls by gravity to the bottom of the hollow regions of said fraction or fractions.

In Figure 7C, as in all subsequent figures, the hollow regions of the fractions filled with self-compacted concrete are marked with a pattern of oblique lines.

Figure 7D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of fractions F1C2, F1B2 and F1A1, of the ground floor on the foundation floor. This step of the process of the invention occurs once the concrete of the foundation plant has acquired the work resistance to support the weight of said fractions F1C2, F1B2 and F1A1.

As the concrete does not acquire resistance in a linear fashion, but such acquisition occurs very quickly at the beginning and subsequently slows down, the lightness of the fractions constructed according to the process of the invention makes it possible that the fractions corresponding to a plant can be placed on the immediately lower floor without waiting for the concrete of said immediately lower floor to have completely set.

In the technical construction sector it is usually considered that a concrete has completely set within twenty-eight days. In this embodiment of the process of the invention, the fractions of an upper floor are placed on the floor immediately below seven days after having concreted said lower floor, at which time the concrete has acquired 70% of its characteristic strength.

Figure 7E is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the corresponding hollow regions of fractions F1C2, F1B2 and F1A1 are filled with a self-compacted concrete material.

Figure 7F is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of fraction F2C2.

Figure 7G is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of the F2C2 fraction are concreted.

Figure 7H is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of fraction F3A2.

Figure 7I is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of fraction F3A2 are concreted.

Figure 7J is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of fraction F4C2.

Figure 7K is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of fraction F4C2 are concreted.

Figure 7L is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the assembly of fraction F5A2.

Finally, Figure 7M is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the hollow regions of this last fraction are concreted.

The embodiment of the invention described herein has been given exclusively as an explanatory and non-limiting example. Other embodiments and modifications included within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined in the appended claims.

Thus, for example, reinforcement bars can be arranged inside the hollow regions of the fractions, especially in the hollow regions corresponding to the beam, pillar and forging components, in order to increase the tensile strength of said components, in a manner known per se in the prior art.

On the other hand, in another possible embodiment of the invention, in addition to slab components, slab components can be manufactured.

Claims (26)

1. Industrialized building construction procedure comprising the following stages, not necessarily consecutive: a) Provide the layout, general characteristics and technical requirements of the building to be built; b) Industrially manufacture a plurality of transportable assemblies comprising hollow section pieces, specific portions of said hollow sections being substantially coincident with each other, so that by joining said pieces a single, substantially continuous empty space is formed, and when filling said space with a binder and / or binder material, the combination of said pieces and said binder and / or binder material forms technically equivalent members and aesthetically similar to the beams, pillars, walls, slabs and if stairs and / or slabs are present, of the building to be built, also placing on these pieces the facilities, coatings and finishes of the building; c) Transport these sets to their final location; d) Build the foundation of the building; e) Place the assemblies corresponding to the first floor of the building on the foundation, level them and join them together; f) Fill the hollow sections of the parts of the assemblies with binder and / or binder material; g) Once the binder and / or binder material has acquired the work resistance, place the assemblies corresponding to the next floor of the building, level them and join them together; h) Fill the hollow regions of said assemblies with the binder and / or binder material, following a procedure substantially identical to that of step g; i) Repeat steps g) and h) as necessary.

2.

Industrialized building construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder material is self-compacted concrete.

3.

Industrialized construction construction process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pouring of the binder and / or binder material is carried out according to the "inverted table" technique.

Four.

Industrialized building construction process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working resistance of the binder and / or binder material corresponds to 70% of its characteristic strength.

5.

Prefabricated transportable assembly of construction parts for the implementation of an industrialized building construction process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises hollow section pieces, being specific portions of said hollow sections substantially coinciding with each other, so that by joining said pieces a unique, substantially continuous empty space is formed and by filling said space with a binder and / or binder material, the combination of said pieces and said binder and / or binder material forms technically equivalent members and aesthetically similar to beams, pillars, walls, slabs and if stairs and / or slabs are present, of the building to be built, being also located on these pieces the facilities, coatings and finishes of the building.

6.

Prefabricated assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the hollow section pieces are elongated laminar pieces.

7.

Prefabricated assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the elongated laminar pieces are galvanized steel profiles.

8.

Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it comprises hollow section pieces of standardized dimensions.

9.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the dimensions according to the vertical plane of the hollow section pieces are integer multiples of the height of a stair riser.

10.

Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the dimensions according to the vertical plane of the hollow section pieces are integer multiples of 18 cm and because the dimensions according to the horizontal plane of said pieces are integer multiples of 5cm, respectively.

eleven.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the hollow section pieces is provided with distribution holes that allow the passage of binder and / or binder material.

12.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that at least one of said hollow section pieces is provided with holes intended to accommodate reinforcement bars.

13.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that it is self-supporting.

14.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that it is formed from the union of:

Pillar components, Lower beam components; Top beam components; Technical floor components; Wall components; Forging components; Foundation connection components; Lifting components; I Centering / leveling components.

fifteen.

Prefabricated assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that the pillar components comprise laminar bodies (10a, 10b, 10c, 10e) formed by the union of galvanized steel sheets that are provided at their lateral ends (11a, 12a, 11b, 12b) of folds curved outward; said pillar components also being provided, in their upper part, with rods (13a, 13b, 13b´, 13e, 13e´) that support flat pieces (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e); of drawing (17a, 17b, 17e); of recesses (18b, 18c, 18c´, 18d, 18d´, 18e, 18e´) intended to accommodate upper beam components; of ribs (16a, 16b, 16e) disposed on the outside of said component and circular holes (15a, 15b, 15e, 19d) intended to allow the passage of binder and / or binder material.

16.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the upper beam components comprise elongated profiles (20a, 20b) provided with grooved sheets (25a, 25b) and curved folds (21b) that make it possible to join said component of upper beam (s) to other component (s), said upper beam component being optionally provided with embossments (27b).

17.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the lower beam components comprise rectangular profiles (30a) provided with holes (31a) and perforations (34a) intended to allow the passage of binder and / or binder material, being also provided with brackets (33a) intended to be attached to a portion of a floor component and, optionally, slots (32a) intended to accommodate curved folds of pillar components.

18.

Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the wall components comprise two symmetrically facing plates (40a, 41a), the defined hollow space between said plates (40a, 41a) being limited by a straight smooth sheet (43a ), a left smooth plate (44a), a lower smooth plate (45a) and an upper plate (41a) provided with holes that allow the passage of binder and / or binder material, said flange wall component (47a) also being provided ) which are intended to join adjacent portions of wall components or pillar components.

19.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the technical floor components comprise a lattice (50a) formed by metal sheets, being also provided with recesses (51a, 52a) intended to accommodate pillar components.

twenty.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the slab components are formed by grooved sheets (51b) inserted inside drawers (50b) made from four metal sheets.

twenty-one.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the staircase components comprise drawers on whose underside are provided with grooved sheets (60a), the front and rear parts of the drawers being substantially hollow, also being joined by their lower end footprints (65a) of stair steps to the upper faces (61a) of the drawers, said footprints (65a) of stair steps having their upper ends joined at right angles to corresponding stair risers (66a).

22

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the foundation joining components comprise anchoring sheets (70a) of substantially square shape and provided with square central holes (71a), said holes (71a) being intended to accommodate pillar components; being also provided in the vicinity of the four corners of the plates (70a) through holes in which two waiting bolts (72a) are housed, which are secured to said plates (70a) by means of sets formed by nuts (73a ) and washers (74a).

2. 3.

Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that the lifting components comprise boxes (80a) composed of a front plate, a rear plate, two side plates and a lower plate that is hinged to one of the side plates; being arranged, on top of the boxes, covers (81a) provided with two L-shaped plates (82a, 83a); being provided also with grip members (84a) on the upper faces of the covers.

24.

Prefabricated assembly according to any of claims 14 to 23, characterized in that the centering and leveling components can be male centering and leveling components or female centering and leveling components.

25.

Prefabricated assembly according to claim 24, characterized in that said male centering and leveling components comprise substantially cylindrical spindles (82b) housed in a first cavity provided on the covers (81b) and secured to said cover (81b) by means of threads (83b) ; further comprising sliding stems (84b) along second cavities provided on the covers (81b); and being provided in addition to prisoners (85b) intended to immobilize the stems (84b) in an operating position.

26.

Prefabricated assembly according to any one of claims 24 to 25, characterized in that the female leveling and centering components comprise stepped supports (90a) on which respective bodies (91a) are provided provided with a through central hole (92a); said stepped support (90a) being provided with second holes intended to accommodate a rod (84b) of a male leveling and centering component; and also provided with pinulas (93a) in the upper parts of the stepped supports (90a).