MX2011010100A - Adhesivos elaborados a partir de sistemas polimericos. - Google Patents
Adhesivos elaborados a partir de sistemas polimericos.Info
- Publication number
- MX2011010100A MX2011010100A MX2011010100A MX2011010100A MX2011010100A MX 2011010100 A MX2011010100 A MX 2011010100A MX 2011010100 A MX2011010100 A MX 2011010100A MX 2011010100 A MX2011010100 A MX 2011010100A MX 2011010100 A MX2011010100 A MX 2011010100A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- polymer systems
- polymer blend
- adhesives made
- polymer
- treating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J123/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J119/00—Adhesives based on rubbers, not provided for in groups C09J107/00 - C09J117/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/50—Partial depolymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms
- C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms with aliphatic 1-olefins containing one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Ethylene-propylene or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C09J123/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J123/16—Elastomeric ethylene-propylene or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
- C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08L2666/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated hydrocarbons; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
- C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08L2666/08—Homopolymers or copolymers according to C08L7/00 - C08L21/00; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16418009P | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | |
| EP09163380 | 2009-06-22 | ||
| PCT/EP2010/054045 WO2010109018A1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | Adhesives made from polymer systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX2011010100A true MX2011010100A (es) | 2011-11-18 |
Family
ID=40941575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX2011010100A MX2011010100A (es) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | Adhesivos elaborados a partir de sistemas polimericos. |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8853329B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2411423B1 (https=) |
| JP (2) | JP5680051B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR101716518B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN102365300B (https=) |
| BR (1) | BRPI1012279A2 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2830495C (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES2543459T3 (https=) |
| MX (1) | MX2011010100A (https=) |
| PT (1) | PT2411423E (https=) |
| RU (1) | RU2557232C2 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2010109018A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2830495C (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2017-02-14 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Adhesives made from polymer systems |
| WO2011118367A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | シャープ株式会社 | 積層体 |
| US9376597B2 (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2016-06-28 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Adhesive composition and use thereof |
| CN103282457B (zh) | 2010-11-19 | 2016-08-17 | 汉高知识产权控股有限责任公司 | 粘合剂组合物及其用途 |
| US20140235127A1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-21 | Henkel Corporation | Elastic attachment adhesive and use thereof |
| US20150059283A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-05 | Garrick David Brown | Method of roof repair |
| JP6329567B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-23 | 2018-05-23 | 旭化成株式会社 | 粘接着剤組成物及び粘接着性テープ |
| WO2016140830A1 (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-09-09 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Stretch laminates |
| KR102356876B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-20 | 2022-02-03 | 헨켈 아이피 앤드 홀딩 게엠베하 | 핫 멜트 접착제 조성물 및 그의 용도 |
| WO2016167931A1 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Hot melt adhesives and uses thereof |
| CA3044157C (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2021-06-08 | Borealis Ag | Polymer composition for adhesive applications |
| CN110573601A (zh) | 2017-05-11 | 2019-12-13 | 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 | 用于地板清洁或复原的组合物和方法 |
| US12110424B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2024-10-08 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Polypropylene-based adhesive and method for producing same |
| KR200492161Y1 (ko) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | 테사 소시에타스 유로파에아 | 접착 테이프 |
| JP7488715B2 (ja) * | 2020-08-04 | 2024-05-22 | マクセル株式会社 | 金属-ゴム複合部材及びその製造方法 |
| CN112680151A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-20 | 无锡市万力粘合材料股份有限公司 | 一种地板静音垫用热熔压敏胶及其制备方法 |
| CN114958067B (zh) * | 2022-05-07 | 2023-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | 一种热熔标线改性材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR17756A (tr) | 1972-07-25 | 1976-07-01 | Oesterr Stickstoffwerke Ag | Mahdut molekuel agirligi dagilisina sahip polipropilenin imal edilmesine mahsus usul |
| US4105718A (en) * | 1977-07-06 | 1978-08-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Peroxide treated substantially amorphous polyolefin/hydrocarbon rubber blends useful as pressure-sensitive adhesives |
| JPH0794497B2 (ja) | 1986-05-14 | 1995-10-11 | 日本石油化学株式会社 | 高接着性材料およびその積層体 |
| US4948840A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1990-08-14 | Himont Incorporated | Thermoplastic elastomer of propylene polymer material and crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber |
| IT1243188B (it) | 1990-08-01 | 1994-05-24 | Himont Inc | Composizioni poliolefiniche elastoplastiche |
| US5212246A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1993-05-18 | Himont Incorporated | Olefin polymer films |
| IL99741A0 (en) | 1990-11-01 | 1992-08-18 | Himont Inc | Propylene polymer films and laminates |
| IT1245847B (it) | 1990-11-13 | 1994-10-25 | Himont Inc | Polimeri funzionalizzati delle alfa olefine. |
| JP3361547B2 (ja) | 1992-05-07 | 2003-01-07 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | ホットメルト接着剤 |
| ATE131515T1 (de) | 1992-05-13 | 1995-12-15 | Sartomer Co Inc | Verfahren zum ankleben einer elastomeren zusammensetzung an eine polare oberfläche |
| JPH06151084A (ja) | 1992-11-11 | 1994-05-31 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 帯電除去用セラミックスおよびその製造用組成物 |
| WO1996023029A1 (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-08-01 | Showa Denko K.K. | Propylene resin composition and molded article thereof |
| US5618883A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-08 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Styrene ethylene-butylene and ethylene-propylene block copolymer hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives |
| IT1275530B (it) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-08-07 | Enichem Elastomers | Composizione termoplastica adesiva |
| US5798175A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-25 | American Tape Company | Pressure sensitive adhesives and tape product prepared therefrom |
| US6143818A (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2000-11-07 | Ato Findley, Inc. | Hot melt adhesive based on ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) and semicrystalline olefinic polymers |
| EP1244717B2 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2010-06-09 | Borealis Technology Oy | Heterophasic copolymers |
| JP4966463B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-22 | 2012-07-04 | エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | プロピレン−ベース−接着剤組成物 |
| WO2002032973A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-04-25 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Resine polypropylene flexible |
| US7208552B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2007-04-24 | Nippon Paper Industries, Co., Ltd. | Binder resin compositions, production process and use thereof |
| EP1546256B1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2007-08-15 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Highly filled soft polyolefin compositions |
| US7700707B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2010-04-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefin adhesive compositions and articles made therefrom |
| WO2007096276A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Ciba Holding Inc. | Viscosity breaking process for olefin polymers |
| CA2830495C (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2017-02-14 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Adhesives made from polymer systems |
-
2010
- 2010-03-26 CA CA2830495A patent/CA2830495C/en active Active
- 2010-03-26 BR BRPI1012279A patent/BRPI1012279A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2010-03-26 JP JP2012501319A patent/JP5680051B2/ja active Active
- 2010-03-26 EP EP10711221.1A patent/EP2411423B1/en active Active
- 2010-03-26 RU RU2011143388/04A patent/RU2557232C2/ru active
- 2010-03-26 MX MX2011010100A patent/MX2011010100A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2010-03-26 ES ES10711221.1T patent/ES2543459T3/es active Active
- 2010-03-26 PT PT107112211T patent/PT2411423E/pt unknown
- 2010-03-26 WO PCT/EP2010/054045 patent/WO2010109018A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-26 CN CN201080013977.7A patent/CN102365300B/zh active Active
- 2010-03-26 KR KR1020117022718A patent/KR101716518B1/ko active Active
-
2011
- 2011-09-26 US US13/245,109 patent/US8853329B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-09-02 US US14/474,406 patent/US9290680B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-09 JP JP2014208292A patent/JP2015057480A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120016086A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| PT2411423E (pt) | 2015-09-10 |
| CN102365300A (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
| BRPI1012279A2 (pt) | 2017-03-21 |
| EP2411423B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| JP2012522064A (ja) | 2012-09-20 |
| US20140371379A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
| RU2011143388A (ru) | 2013-05-10 |
| US8853329B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
| CA2830495A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| RU2557232C2 (ru) | 2015-07-20 |
| CN102365300B (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
| CA2830495C (en) | 2017-02-14 |
| ES2543459T3 (es) | 2015-08-19 |
| WO2010109018A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| JP5680051B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
| US9290680B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
| KR101716518B1 (ko) | 2017-03-14 |
| KR20110132410A (ko) | 2011-12-07 |
| EP2411423A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
| JP2015057480A (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| MX2011010100A (es) | Adhesivos elaborados a partir de sistemas polimericos. | |
| WO2011139646A3 (en) | Method for producing tetrafluoropropenes | |
| TW200641169A (en) | Method for the production of a radiation-emitting optical component and radiation-emitting optical component | |
| WO2012020336A3 (en) | Toughened polylactic acid fibers | |
| WO2014116173A9 (en) | Compositions of biomass materials for refining | |
| EP2655795A4 (en) | Multi-stage fracture injection process for enhanced resource production from shales | |
| MY156636A (en) | Propylene-based polymer, articles, and process for producing same | |
| PT2294228T (pt) | Processo para pré-tratamento de material de partida vegetal para a produção, a partir de recursos sacaríferos e lenhocelulósicos, de bioetanol e/ou etanol | |
| MX359764B (es) | Polímeros de politioéter, métodos para su preparación y composiciones que los comprenden. | |
| EA201500510A1 (ru) | Способ ферментативного гидролиза лигноцеллюлозного материала и ферментации сахаров | |
| MX2013002657A (es) | Proceso para la produccion de fibrinogeno. | |
| MX2017008204A (es) | Conformacion de las fibras de queratina mediante el uso de arabinosa y carbonato de etileno. | |
| MA33778B1 (fr) | Marquage modifié à base de polymères cristaux liquides chiraux | |
| GB2469962A (en) | Automatic connections between application components | |
| WO2013016130A3 (en) | A reactive hot-melt adhesive for use on electronics | |
| MX2013003171A (es) | Mallas de material lignocelulosico sometidas a prensado en frio que tienen adherencia en frio mejorada y un proceso para su produccion. | |
| BR112013028144A2 (pt) | método para controlar a taxa de hidrólise de celulose; produto; método para reduzir a taxa de degradação de glicose; e composição formada a partir de biomassa lignocelulósica | |
| BR112013025244A2 (pt) | composição de aglutinante aquosa, uso de uma composição de aglutinante aquosa, processo para a produção de um artigo moldado, artigo moldado, uso de um artigo moldado, e, membrana de telhado betumizada | |
| WO2012134626A3 (en) | Processes for enzymatic refining of pretreated cellulosic material for saccharification | |
| MX2015008001A (es) | Agente adhesivo de fusion en caliente curable por humedad. | |
| WO2012124941A3 (ko) | 2-하이드록시부티레이트를 모노머로 함유하고 있는 폴리하이드록시알카노에이트를 생산하는 능력을 가지는 재조합 미생물 및 이를 이용한 2-하이드록시부티레이트를 모노머로 함유하고 있는 폴리하이드록시알카노에이트의 제조방법 | |
| MX2010002298A (es) | Proceso para separar una especie cargada de un sistema acuoso. | |
| BR112012007694A2 (pt) | método para preparo de uma bebida a partir de um pó de bebida e aparelho para implementação do método | |
| CA2983406A1 (en) | Process for manufacturing of a fibre-reinforced polymer composition | |
| TW200943620A (en) | Method for the production of an antenna system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG | Grant or registration |