MD991Z - Process for feeding pigs - Google Patents
Process for feeding pigs Download PDFInfo
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- MD991Z MD991Z MDS20150103A MDS20150103A MD991Z MD 991 Z MD991 Z MD 991Z MD S20150103 A MDS20150103 A MD S20150103A MD S20150103 A MDS20150103 A MD S20150103A MD 991 Z MD991 Z MD 991Z
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- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000186840 Lactobacillus fermentum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940012969 lactobacillus fermentum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000678 Mycotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020007 pale lager Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 3
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000293094 Ariadna Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194033 Enterococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000018522 Gastrointestinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019772 Sunflower meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la zootehnie, şi anume la un procedeu de hrănire a suinelor. The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to a process for feeding pigs.
Invenţia se referă, în special, la prepararea nutreţurilor combinate şi specifice cu utilizarea aditivilor furajeri care împiedică micotoxicozele şi tulburările gastrointestinale la animale. The invention relates, in particular, to the preparation of combined and specific feeds with the use of feed additives that prevent mycotoxicoses and gastrointestinal disorders in animals.
În scopul utilizării eficiente a nutreţului combinat, raţia alimentară pentru porcine este suplimentată cu aditivi furajeri: probiotic în cantitate de 0,5 kg/t, care conţine: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarium, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum şi adsorbant în cantitate de 4,0 kg/t, care reprezintă o pulbere uscată ce conţine fibre alimentare de origine vegetală şi microorganisme din genul Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium şi Enterococcus. Aditivii furajeri sunt administraţi porcilor de la vârsta de 35…45 de zile până în perioada când aceştia ating greutatea de sacrificare. In order to use the compound feed effectively, the feed ration for pigs is supplemented with feed additives: probiotic in the amount of 0.5 kg/t, which contains: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarium, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and adsorbent in the amount of 4.0 kg/t, which is a dry powder containing dietary fiber of plant origin and microorganisms of the genus Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Feed additives are administered to pigs from the age of 35…45 days until they reach slaughter weight.
Procedeul de hrănire a porcilor permite îmbunătăţirea eficacităţii utilizării nutreţului combinat datorită neutralizării acţiunii micotoxinelor, îmbunătăţirii stării generale a porcilor, ca rezultat creşte productivitatea lor şi conversia nutreţului. The pig feeding process allows improving the efficiency of using compound feed due to neutralizing the action of mycotoxins, improving the general condition of pigs, as a result increasing their productivity and feed conversion.
Sunt cunoscute mai multe modalităţi de hrănire a porcilor cu utilizarea aditivilor furajeri, inclusiv adsorbanţii, care elimină micotoxinele din nutreţuri. Micotoxinele contaminează frecvent materiile prime, cum ar fi cerealele, fructele, nucile, condimentele, laptele şi carnea la diferite niveluri. De aceea este absolut obligatoriu controlul concentraţiei de micotoxine şi contaminarea nutreţurilor. Several methods are known for feeding pigs using feed additives, including adsorbents, which remove mycotoxins from feed. Mycotoxins frequently contaminate raw materials such as cereals, fruits, nuts, spices, milk and meat at varying levels. Therefore, it is absolutely mandatory to control the concentration of mycotoxins and contamination of feed.
Se cunoaşte procedeul de hrănire a suinelor cu utilizarea nutreţului combinat cu adaos de peleţi uscaţi de bere (adsorbant) şi a unui probiotic pe baza bacteriei Bacillus subtilis, totodată se mai adaugă zeolit şi gluten uscat de porumb în următorul raport al componentelor: 4,2% peleţi uscaţi de bere, 0,1% probiotic, 45,7% gluten uscat de porumb şi zeolit 50%, după care adaosul este introdus în nutreţul combinat în cantitate de 6% [1]. The process of feeding pigs using combined feed with the addition of dry beer pellets (adsorbent) and a probiotic based on the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is known, while zeolite and dry corn gluten are also added in the following ratio of components: 4.2% dry beer pellets, 0.1% probiotic, 45.7% dry corn gluten and 50% zeolite, after which the addition is introduced into the combined feed in an amount of 6% [1].
Procedeul permite de a mări sporul zilnic de creştere a purceilor cu 10,1%, însă utilizarea acestuia nu a indicat obţinerea unui efect economic. The process allows to increase the daily growth rate of piglets by 10.1%, but its use did not indicate an economic effect.
În calitate de cea mai apropiată soluţie serveşte procedeul care constă în introducerea în nutreţul combinat a peleţilor uscaţi de bere cu adaos de probiotic, totodată amestecul se prepară înainte de a fi introdus în nutreţul combinat. Peleţii de bere uscaţi sunt îmbogăţiţi cu probioticul «Пробицел» cu un conţinut al bacteriei Bacillus subtilis 8130 de cel puţin 2,5*107 (UFC) colonii în 1 g de peleţi, nutreţul fiind administrat purceilor de vârsta 60…108 zile, de 2 ori pe zi, în cantitate de 6% din greutatea nutreţului combinat. Nutreţul este utilizat pentru absorbţia toxinelor, îmbunătăţirea stării generale de sănătate şi pentru creşterea productivităţii animalelor [2]. ;Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în faptul că nu este eficient şi presupune utilizarea aditivului furajer pentru porci de anumită vârstă. ;Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în sporirea masei vii a animalelor, majorarea sporului mediu zilnic, reducerea consumului de hrană şi îmbunătăţirea indicatorului de eficienţă economică. ;Problema se rezolvă prin utilizarea în hrana porcinelor, şi anume în combinaţie, a unui aditiv furajer în cantitate de 0,5 kg la tonă şi a unui adsorbant în cantitate de 4,0 kg la tona de nutreţ combinat în diferite grupe de vârstă a porcinelor pe perioada creşterii. ;Aditivul furajer conţine tulpini de Lactobacillus acidophilus cu un titru de 2x109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus plantarum cu un titru de 109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus fermentum cu un titru de 5x109 UFC/g şi Bifidobacterium bifidum cu un titru de 3x109 UFC/g şi este produs de SRL "Ariadna" (Ucraina, or. Odesa), conform procedeelor prezentate în ТУ У 15.5-31034548-001:2009 sub denumirea de probiotic Primix Forsil. Conţine tulpini care se completează reciproc şi nu manifestă antagonism reciproc. ;Adsorbantul conţine, în % de masă: tărâţă de grâu extrudat - 10, bentonit - 25, vermiculit - 25, lut poligorschit - 30, acidulant - 5 şi autolizat de drojdii - 5, este un preparat complex, care se prepară conform TY Y 15.7-31253255-001:2011 prin amestecarea preparatelor şi a produselor uscate, aprobate spre utilizare în industriile alimentară, zootehnică, veterinară şi cea farmaceutică cu denumirea Vitacorm Reo-М. ;Procedeul de hrănire a suinelor prevede hrănirea acestora cu un nutreţ combinat cu adăugarea unui aditiv furajer, ce conţine tulpini de Lactobacillus acidophilus cu un titru de 2x109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus plantarum cu un titru de 109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus fermentum cu un titru de 5x109 UFC/g şi Bifidobacterium bifidum cu un titru de 3x109 UFC/g, precum şi a unui adsorbant ce conţine, în % de masă: tărâţă de grâu extrudat - 10, bentonit - 25, vermiculit - 25, lut poligorschit - 30, acidulant - 5 şi autolizat de drojdii - 5, totodată aditivul furajer se adaugă în cantitate de 0,5 kg, iar adsorbantul în cantitate de 4,0 kg la 1000 kg de nutreţ combinat. ;Rezultatul constă în obţinerea unui profit net pe cap în perioada experimentală în mărime de 70,54 lei. ;Procedeul permite sporirea productivităţii suinelor: masa vie cu 4,91%, sporul mediu zilnic pe perioada experimentală în medie cu 5,80%, micşorând conversia furajului cu 6,90%, asigurând creşterea eficienţei economice la nivel de 6,53% cap. ;Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei. ;Animalele în loturile experimentale LE1, LE2, LE3 au fost hrănite cu nutreţul combinat de bază la care suplimentar s-a adăugat preparatul probiotic şi adsorbantul în diferite cantităţi conform schemei experienţei (tab.1). ;Tabelul 1 ;Schema experienţei ; Lotul Efectivul de animale (n) Rasa Particularităţile de nutriţie LM 10 F3 (LxP) NCB LE1 10 F3(LxP) NCB + 0,5 kg/t probiotic LE2 10 F3(LxP) NCB + 4kg/t adsorbant LE3 10 F3(LxP) NCB + 0,5 kg/t probiotic + 4kg/t adsorbant;Nutreţurile combinate au fost elaborate în corespundere cu cerinţele nutriţionale adaptate stării fiziologice a suinelor, prin intermediul programei software speciale pentru calcularea reţetelor „HYBRIMIN” (Germania), valoarea nutritivă a cărora corespunde normelor de alimentaţie descrise de către Kalaşnikov [Калашников А. П. и др. Нормы и рационы кормления сельскохозяйственных животных. Справочник, Москва, Россельхозакадемия, 2003, р. 456], (tab. 2, 3). ;Tabelul 2 ;Structura reţetelor de nutreţuri combinate ; Ingrediente, % de masă Perioada I II III Porumb 30,8 30,3 25,0 Orz - 25,2 28,3 Orz extrudat 27,0 - - Grâu extrudat 14,8 13,5 - Grâu - - 11,0 Şrot de soia 10,0 8,2 8,0 Şrot de floarea-soarelui 3,0 3,0 2,1 Ulei de soia 2,0 2,0 2,0 Tărâţă de grâu 7,1 15,2 20,7 Făină de peşte 2,2 - - Lapte degresat 1,0 - - Sare 0,1 0,2 0,4 Cretă 0,7 0,8 0,7 Biotan M 0,5 0,6 0,8 Premix 0,8 1,0 1,0;Tabelul 3 ;Indicii de calitate ai reţetelor de nutreţuri ; Conţinutul în nutrienţi a 1 kg de nutreţ combinat Indicii/Perioada I II III Unităţi nutritive 1,16 1,11 1,13 Energie metabolică, MJ 12,4 12,1 11,9 Proteină digestibilă, g 135 120 117 Celuloză, g 45,0 50,1 53,7 Lizină, g 7,2 5,8 5,9 Metionină+Cistină, g 5,1 4,5 4,4 Calciu, g 7,5 7,8 7,5 Fosfor, g 6,4 6,6 6,8;Reţeta de bază pentru prima perioadă de creştere a avut un nivel de energie metabolică de 12,4 MJ, proteină digestibilă 13,5%, lizină 0,72%, metionină+cistină la nivel de 0,51%, calciu 0,75%, fosfor 0,64%. Reţeta de bază pentru perioada a doua de creştere (40…70 kg) a avut un conţinut de energie metabolică de 12,1 MJ, proteină digestibilă 12,0%, lizină 0,58%, calciu 0,78%, fosfor 0,66%; în perioada de creştere de la 70 kg până la sfârşitul experienţei conţinutul de energie metabolică a fost de 11,9 MJ, proteina digestibilă 11,7%, lizină 0,59%, metionină+cistină 0,44%, calciu 0,75%, fosfor 0,68%. ;La începutul perioadei de evidenţă masa vie a scrofiţelor selectate a fost în limitele: 15,86… 16,27 kg corespunzător (tab. 4). ;Tabelul 4 ;Dinamica masei corporale a scrofiţelor, X ± Sx ; Lot Masa medie a unei scrofiţe pe parcursul experienţei, kg la începutul experienţei propriu-zise la sfârşitul I perioade de creştere la sfârşitul perioadei II de creştere la sfârşitul experienţei LM 16,11±0,25 41,10±1,51 67,70±1,20 93,70±1,81 LE1 15,86±0,35 41,30±0,31 68,10±0,82 95,00±2,23 LE2 16,11±0,32 41,70±1,42 69,30±1,03 97,00±2,09 LE3 16,27±0,15 43,50±1,15 71,40±1,38 98,30±1,82;S-au constatat diferenţe la sfârşitul experienţei între loturile LM şi LE2 - 1,30 kg; LM şi LE2 - 3,30 kg, LM şi LE3 - 5,30 kg; o mai mare viteză de creştere în comparaţie cu LM au manifestat-o hibrizii experimentali din LE3 cu 4,91%, reţeta de nutreţ combinat a fost suplimentată cu probiotic - 0,5 kg/t şi absorbant - 4,0 kg/t. ;Sporul mediu zilnic de creştere a masei vii a scrofiţelor (tab. 5) a fost în I perioadă cel mai mare în LE3 (cu 8,87% în comparaţie cu LM); în a II-a perioadă a fost mai mare în lotul LE1 cu 10,71%, în LE2 cu 14,09% şi lotul LE3 cu 15,28% faţa de lotul martor; în a III-a perioadă de creştere sporul mediu zilnic a lotului martor a fost de 619 g, fiind cu 3,39% mai mic decât sporul mediu zilnic al lotului LE3. În LE3 s-a înregistrat o creştere a sporului mediu zilnic al suinelor cu 5,80% în comparaţie cu scrofiţele din LM. ;Tabelul 5 ;Sporul mediu zilnic al masei corporale a scrofiţelor, X ± Sx ; Spor mediu zilnic, g L o t LM LE1 LE2 LE3 în I perioadă de creştere 417±25,90 424±20,80 430±22,01 454±24,23 în II perioadă de creştere 504±33,20 558±15,80 575±25,60 581±34,20 în III perioadă de creştere 619±21,59 640±43,70 660±41,10 640±49,70 pe perioada experimentală 517±12,60 528±16,40 539±13,70 547±12,10;Rezultatele determinării sporului mediu zilnic au arătat că în toate loturile experimentale a avut loc o creştere a sporului în greutate odată cu creşterea vârstei animalelor. O creştere mai intensă a fost remarcată în perioada 6…7 luni, când sporul mediu zilnic a atins cele mai mari valori, însă în medie pe perioada experimentală cea mai mare valoare, la nivel de 547 g, s-a înregistrat în LE3. Performanţe maxime au fost atinse de LE3 prin introducerea unei cantităţi de 0,5 kg probiotic şi 4,0 kg adsorbant la o tonă de nutreţ combinat. ;Consumul de nutreţ combinat pe întreaga perioadă experimentală a fost mai mic în LE3 în comparaţie cu toate loturile experimentale şi respectiv faţă de LM cu 48,00 kg sau cu 1,46% (tab. 6). Pe parcursul experienţei s-a observat un consum specific mediu zilnic de nutreţ combinat în limitele 3,94…4,23 kg, cu un indice mai eficient de conversie a nutreţului în lotul LE3. ;Tabelul 6 ;Consumul de nutreţ, kg ; Consumul de nutreţ, kg Lot LM LE1 LE2 LE3 Pe prima perioada de creştere 968 966 964 960 Pe a doua perioada de creştere 1146 1145 1140 1127 Pe perioada creştere finisare 1171 1166 1162 1150 Pe perioada experimentală (total) 3285 3277 3266 3237 Consum specific, la kg spor 4,23 4,14 4,08 3,94 Consum specific,% 100 97,8 96,4 93,1;Tabelul 7 ;Eficienţa economică ; Indici Lot LM LE1 LE2 LE3 Sporul absolut al greutăţii corporale în medie pe experienţă, cap/ kg 77,59 79,14 80,89 82,03 Costul sporului absolut, lei 3026,01 3086,48 3154,71 3199,77 Consumul de nutreţ combinat, kg 328 328 330 323 Costul nutreţului combinat, lei 1946,19 1971,88 1938,41 1920,65 Costul preparatelor, lei - 57,40 73,92 56,52+72,24 Profit brut, lei 1079,82 1057,20 1142,38 1150,36 Profit net, lei - -22,62 +62,56 +70,54 Diferenţa comparativă cu LM din venit de la sporul absolut în greutate: % - -2,09 +5,79 +6,53;*Notă: The closest solution is the process of introducing dry beer pellets with probiotics into the combined feed, while the mixture is prepared before being introduced into the combined feed. Dry beer pellets are enriched with the probiotic "Probicel" with a content of Bacillus subtilis 8130 bacteria of at least 2.5*107 (UFC) colonies in 1 g of pellets, the feed is administered to piglets aged 60…108 days, 2 times a day, in an amount of 6% of the weight of the combined feed. The feed is used to absorb toxins, improve the general health and increase the productivity of animals [2]. ;The disadvantage of this process is that it is not effective and requires the use of a feed additive for pigs of a certain age. ;The problem solved by the invention consists in increasing the live weight of animals, increasing the average daily gain, reducing feed consumption and improving the economic efficiency indicator. ;The problem is solved by using in pig feed, namely in combination, a feed additive in an amount of 0.5 kg per ton and an adsorbent in an amount of 4.0 kg per ton of combined feed in different age groups of pigs during the growing period. ;The feed additive contains strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus with a titer of 2x109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus plantarum with a titer of 109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus fermentum with a titer of 5x109 UFC/g and Bifidobacterium bifidum with a titer of 3x109 UFC/g and is produced by LLC "Ariadna" (Ukraine, Odessa), according to the processes presented in TU U 15.5-31034548-001:2009 under the name of probiotic Primix Forsil. It contains strains that complement each other and do not manifest mutual antagonism. ;The adsorbent contains, in % by mass: extruded wheat bran - 10, bentonite - 25, vermiculite - 25, polygorschite clay - 30, acidulant - 5 and yeast autolysate - 5, it is a complex preparation, which is prepared according to TY Y 15.7-31253255-001:2011 by mixing preparations and dry products, approved for use in the food, zootechnical, veterinary and pharmaceutical industries under the name Vitacorm Reo-M. ;The pig feeding procedure provides for feeding them with a combined feed with the addition of a feed additive, containing strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus with a titer of 2x109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus plantarum with a titer of 109 UFC/g, Lactobacillus fermentum with a titer of 5x109 UFC/g and Bifidobacterium bifidum with a titer of 3x109 UFC/g, as well as an adsorbent containing, in % by mass: extruded wheat bran - 10, bentonite - 25, vermiculite - 25, polygorschite clay - 30, acidulant - 5 and yeast autolysate - 5, at the same time the feed additive is added in an amount of 0.5 kg, and the adsorbent in an amount of 4.0 kg per 1000 kg of combined feed. ;The result is to obtain a net profit per head during the experimental period in the amount of 70.54 lei. ;The procedure allows to increase the productivity of pigs: live weight by 4.91%, the average daily gain during the experimental period on average by 5.80%, reducing the feed conversion by 6.90%, ensuring the increase in economic efficiency at the level of 6.53% head. ;Example of the invention. ;The animals in the experimental batches LE1, LE2, LE3 were fed with the basic combined feed to which the probiotic preparation and the adsorbent were additionally added in different quantities according to the experimental scheme (tab.1). ;Table 1 ;Experience scheme ; Batch Number of animals (n) Breed Nutritional characteristics LM 10 F3 (LxP) NCB LE1 10 F3(LxP) NCB + 0.5 kg/t probiotic LE2 10 F3(LxP) NCB + 4kg/t adsorbent LE3 10 F3(LxP) NCB + 0.5 kg/t probiotic + 4kg/t adsorbent;Compound feeds were developed in accordance with the nutritional requirements adapted to the physiological state of pigs, using the special software for calculating recipes "HYBRIMIN" (Germany), the nutritional value of which corresponds to the feeding standards described by Kalashnikov [Kalashnikov A. P. et al. Norms and rations of agricultural animal feeding. Handbook, Moscow, Rosselkhozakademiya, 2003, p. 456], (tab. 2, 3). ;Table 2 ;Structure of compound feed recipes ; Ingredients, % by mass Period I II III Corn 30.8 30.3 25.0 Barley - 25.2 28.3 Extruded barley 27.0 - - Extruded wheat 14.8 13.5 - Wheat - - 11.0 Soybean meal 10.0 8.2 8.0 Sunflower meal 3.0 3.0 2.1 Soybean oil 2.0 2.0 2.0 Wheat bran 7.1 15.2 20.7 Fish meal 2.2 - - Skimmed milk 1.0 - - Salt 0.1 0.2 0.4 Chalk 0.7 0.8 0.7 Biotan M 0.5 0.6 0.8 Premix 0.8 1.0 1.0;Table 3;Quality indices of feed recipes; Nutrient content of 1 kg of compound feed Indices/Period I II III Nutrient units 1.16 1.11 1.13 Metabolic energy, MJ 12.4 12.1 11.9 Digestible protein, g 135 120 117 Cellulose, g 45.0 50.1 53.7 Lysine, g 7.2 5.8 5.9 Methionine+Cystine, g 5.1 4.5 4.4 Calcium, g 7.5 7.8 7.5 Phosphorus, g 6.4 6.6 6.8; The basic recipe for the first growing period had a metabolic energy level of 12.4 MJ, digestible protein 13.5%, lysine 0.72%, methionine+cystine at a level of 0.51%, calcium 0.75%, phosphorus 0.64%. The basic recipe for the second growth period (40…70 kg) had a metabolic energy content of 12.1 MJ, digestible protein 12.0%, lysine 0.58%, calcium 0.78%, phosphorus 0.66%; during the growth period from 70 kg to the end of the experiment the metabolic energy content was 11.9 MJ, digestible protein 11.7%, lysine 0.59%, methionine+cystine 0.44%, calcium 0.75%, phosphorus 0.68%. ;At the beginning of the recording period the live weight of the selected gilts was within the limits: 15.86… 16.27 kg correspondingly (tab. 4). ;Table 4 ;Dynamics of body weight of gilts, X ± Sx ; Lot Average weight of a sow during the experiment, kg at the beginning of the experiment itself at the end of the first growing period at the end of the second growing period at the end of the experiment LM 16.11±0.25 41.10±1.51 67.70±1.20 93.70±1.81 LE1 15.86±0.35 41.30±0.31 68.10±0.82 95.00±2.23 LE2 16.11±0.32 41.70±1.42 69.30±1.03 97.00±2.09 LE3 16.27±0.15 43.50±1.15 71.40±1.38 98.30±1.82; Differences were found at the end of the experiment between the LM and LE2 lots - 1.30 kg; LM and LE2 - 3.30 kg, LM and LE3 - 5.30 kg; a higher growth rate compared to LM was demonstrated by the experimental hybrids in LE3 by 4.91%, the combined feed recipe was supplemented with probiotic - 0.5 kg/t and absorbent - 4.0 kg/t. ;The average daily growth rate of the live weight of the gilts (tab. 5) was in the first period the highest in LE3 (by 8.87% compared to LM); in the second period it was higher in the LE1 group by 10.71%, in LE2 by 14.09% and the LE3 group by 15.28% compared to the control group; in the third growth period the average daily growth rate of the control group was 619 g, being 3.39% lower than the average daily growth rate of the LE3 group. In LE3 there was an increase in the average daily gain of the sows by 5.80% compared to the gilts in LM. ;Table 5 ;Average daily gain of the body mass of the gilts, X ± Sx ; Average daily gain, g L o t LM LE1 LE2 LE3 in the first growth period 417±25.90 424±20.80 430±22.01 454±24.23 in the second growth period 504±33.20 558±15.80 575±25.60 581±34.20 in the third growth period 619±21.59 640±43.70 660±41.10 640±49.70 during the experimental period 517±12.60 528±16.40 539±13.70 547±12.10; The results of determining the average daily gain showed that in all experimental groups there was an increase in weight gain with the increase in the age of the animals. A more intense increase was noted during the period 6…7 months, when the average daily gain reached the highest values, but on average during the experimental period the highest value, at the level of 547 g, was recorded in LE3. Maximum performances were achieved by LE3 by introducing a quantity of 0.5 kg of probiotic and 4.0 kg of adsorbent per ton of combined feed. ;The combined feed consumption during the entire experimental period was lower in LE3 compared to all experimental groups and respectively compared to LM by 48.00 kg or 1.46% (tab. 6). During the experiment, an average specific daily consumption of combined feed was observed within the limits of 3.94…4.23 kg, with a more efficient feed conversion index in the LE3 group. ;Table 6 ;Feed consumption, kg ; Feed consumption, kg Lot LM LE1 LE2 LE3 During the first growth period 968 966 964 960 During the second growth period 1146 1145 1140 1127 During the finishing growth period 1171 1166 1162 1150 During the experimental period (total) 3285 3277 3266 3237 Specific consumption, per kg gain 4.23 4.14 4.08 3.94 Specific consumption,% 100 97.8 96.4 93.1;Table 7;Economic efficiency; Indices Lot LM LE1 LE2 LE3 Absolute average body weight gain per experience, head/ kg 77.59 79.14 80.89 82.03 Cost of absolute gain, lei 3026.01 3086.48 3154.71 3199.77 Consumption of combined feed, kg 328 328 330 323 Cost of combined feed, lei 1946.19 1971.88 1938.41 1920.65 Cost of preparations, lei - 57.40 73.92 56.52+72.24 Gross profit, lei 1079.82 1057.20 1142.38 1150.36 Net profit, lei - -22.62 +62.56 +70.54 Difference compared to LM in income from absolute weight gain: % - -2.09 +5.79 +6.53;*Note:
Costul 1 kg masă corporală - 39 lei Cost of 1 kg of body mass - 39 lei
Costul 1 kg de probiotic Primix Forsil - 350 lei The cost of 1 kg of Primix Forsil probiotic - 350 lei
Costul 1 kg de adsorbant Vitacorm Reo-M - 56 lei The cost of 1 kg of Vitacorm Reo-M adsorbent - 56 lei
Costul 1 kg nutreţ combinat - 5 lei 93 bani The cost of 1 kg of combined feed - 5 lei 93 bani
În concluzie putem menţiona că probioticul în cantitate de 0,5 kg/t şi adsorbantul în cantitate de 4,0 kg/t administraţi în componenţa nutreţului combinat a avut un impact pozitiv asupra creşterii porcinelor sporind masa corporală a animalelor cu 4,91% şi sporul mediu zilnic cu 5,80% (lotul LE3), reducând consumul specific de furaje cu 0,23 kg sau 6,90%, astfel indicându-se un venit condiţionat de 6,53% mai mare faţă de LM. Pe când soluţia cea mai apropiată nu a permis obţinerea unui efect economic. In conclusion, we can mention that the probiotic in the amount of 0.5 kg/t and the adsorbent in the amount of 4.0 kg/t administered as part of the combined feed had a positive impact on the growth of pigs, increasing the body mass of the animals by 4.91% and the average daily gain by 5.80% (LE3 batch), reducing the specific feed consumption by 0.23 kg or 6.90%, thus indicating a conditional income of 6.53% higher than LM. While the closest solution did not allow obtaining an economic effect.
1. RU 2338387 C1 2008.11.20 1. RU 2338387 C1 2008.11.20
2. RU 2284703 C1 2006.10.10 2. RU 2284703 C1 2006.10.10
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2284703C1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-10-10 | Всероссийский государственный научно-исследовательский институт животноводства (ВИЖ) | Pig feeding method |
| RU2319391C2 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2008-03-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Био-Тонус" | Feed additive for pigs and method of pig feeding |
| RU2338387C1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2008-11-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Орловский государственный технический университет" (ОрелГТУ) | Method of feeding piglets |
| EA013994B1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-08-30 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Слонимский Мясокомбинат" | Protein-vitamin mineral additive for pigs and a method for fattening thereof |
| MD673Y (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-09-30 | Larisa Caisin | Process for growing pigs |
| MD849Y (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-12-31 | Larisa CAISÎN | Process for breeding young pigs |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2284703C1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-10-10 | Всероссийский государственный научно-исследовательский институт животноводства (ВИЖ) | Pig feeding method |
| RU2319391C2 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2008-03-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Био-Тонус" | Feed additive for pigs and method of pig feeding |
| EA013994B1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-08-30 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Слонимский Мясокомбинат" | Protein-vitamin mineral additive for pigs and a method for fattening thereof |
| RU2338387C1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2008-11-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Орловский государственный технический университет" (ОрелГТУ) | Method of feeding piglets |
| MD673Y (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-09-30 | Larisa Caisin | Process for growing pigs |
| MD849Y (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-12-31 | Larisa CAISÎN | Process for breeding young pigs |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| Калашников А. П. и др. Нормы и рационы кормления сельскохозяйственных животных. Справочник, Москва, Россельхозакадемия, 2003, р. 456 * |
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