MD740Z - Impedance converter - Google Patents

Impedance converter Download PDF

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Publication number
MD740Z
MD740Z MDS20130150A MDS20130150A MD740Z MD 740 Z MD740 Z MD 740Z MD S20130150 A MDS20130150 A MD S20130150A MD S20130150 A MDS20130150 A MD S20130150A MD 740 Z MD740 Z MD 740Z
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MD
Moldova
Prior art keywords
operational amplifier
output
inverting input
phase
code
Prior art date
Application number
MDS20130150A
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Romanian (ro)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Виталие НАСТАС
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Технический университет Молдовы
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Priority to MDS20130150A priority Critical patent/MD740Z/en
Publication of MD740Y publication Critical patent/MD740Y/en
Publication of MD740Z publication Critical patent/MD740Z/en

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Abstract

Изобретение относится к областям измерительной техники и радиоэлектроники и может быть использовано для воспроизведения виртуальных импедансов с независимым регулированием модуля и фазы.Конвертор импеданса содержит две клеммы (2, 7), операционный усилитель (1) с двумя входами и одним выходом, кодоуправляемый переменный резистор (3), включенный полюсами между инвертирующим входом и выходом операционного усилителя (1), постоянный резистор (4), включенный между неинвертирующим входом операционного усилителя (1) и общим проводом, дифференциальный усилитель (5) со ступенчато - регулируемым коэффициентом передачи, подключенный входами соответственно к выходу и к неинвертирующему входу операционного усилителя (1), кодоуправляемый фазовращатель (6) с возможностью регулирования фазы в диапазоне значений 0…360° и с единичным коэффициентом усиления, подключенный входом к выходу дифференциального усилителя (5), а выходом - к неинвертирующему входу операционного усилителя (1), при этом клеммы (2, 7) подключены соответственно к инвертирующему входу операционного усилителя (1) и к общему проводу.The invention relates to the fields of measurement technology and electronics and can be used to reproduce virtual impedances with independent regulation of the module and phase. The impedance converter contains two terminals (2, 7), an operational amplifier (1) with two inputs and one output, a code-controlled variable resistor ( 3) connected by the poles between the inverting input and the output of the operational amplifier (1), a constant resistor (4) connected between the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier (1) and the common wire, differential nth amplifier (5) with step-controlled transmission coefficient, connected by inputs to the output and non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, respectively (1), code-controlled phase shifter (6) with the ability to control the phase in the value range 0 ... 360 ° and with a unity gain, connected the input to the output of the differential amplifier (5), and the output to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier (1), while the terminals (2, 7) are connected respectively to the inverting input of the operational amplifier (1) and to the common wire .

Description

Invenţia se referă la domeniile tehnicii de măsurare şi radioelectronicii şi poate fi utilizată pentru reproducerea impedanţelor virtuale cu reglare independentă a modulului şi fazei. The invention relates to the fields of measurement technology and radio electronics and can be used for reproducing virtual impedances with independent adjustment of the modulus and phase.

Cea mai apropiată soluţie este convertorul de impedanţă, care conţine un amplificator operaţional cu un rezistor variabil comandat de cod, un amplificator diferenţial şi un defazor - toate conectate în cascadă, ieşirea defazorului fiind conectată la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional, precum şi două cleme, conectate respectiv la intrarea inversoare a amplificatorului operaţional şi la masă. Convertorul asigură reproducerea impedanţelor reprezentate în coordonate polare cu reglare independentă a modulului şi fazei impedanţei reproduse [1]. The closest solution is the impedance converter, which contains an operational amplifier with a variable resistor controlled by the code, a differential amplifier and a phase shifter - all connected in cascade, the output of the phase shifter being connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, as well as two clamps, connected respectively to the inverting input of the operational amplifier and to ground. The converter ensures the reproduction of impedances represented in polar coordinates with independent adjustment of the modulus and phase of the reproduced impedance [1].

Dezavantajul acestui convertor constă în imposibilitatea reglării în trepte a impedanţei reproduse, ceea ce îngustează domeniul de utilizare. The disadvantage of this converter is the impossibility of step-by-step adjustment of the reproduced impedance, which narrows the scope of use.

Problema pe care o rezolvă prezenta invenţie constă în asigurarea reglării în trepte a impedanţei reproduse şi, prin urmare, lărgirea domeniului de utilizare. The problem solved by the present invention consists in ensuring stepwise adjustment of the reproduced impedance and, consequently, broadening the scope of use.

Convertorul, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajul menţionat mai sus prin aceea că conţine două cleme, un amplificator operaţional cu două intrări şi o ieşire, un rezistor variabil comandat de cod, conectat cu polii între intrarea inversoare şi ieşirea amplificatorului operaţional, un rezistor fix, conectat între intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional şi masă, un amplificator diferenţial cu factor de transmisiune variabil în trepte, conectat cu intrările respectiv la ieşirea şi la intrarea neinversoare ale amplificatorului operaţional, un defazor comandat de cod cu posibilitatea reglării fazei în banda de valori 0…360° şi cu coeficient de amplificare unitar, conectat cu intrarea la ieşirea amplificatorului diferenţial, iar cu ieşirea - la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional, totodată clemele sunt conectate respectiv la intrarea inversoare a amplificatorului operaţional şi la masă. The converter, according to the invention, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantage by containing two terminals, an operational amplifier with two inputs and one output, a variable resistor controlled by the code, connected with poles between the inverting input and the output of the operational amplifier, a fixed resistor, connected between the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier and ground, a differential amplifier with a step-variable transmission factor, connected with its inputs to the output and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, a phase shifter controlled by the code with the possibility of adjusting the phase in the 0…360° value band and with a unitary amplification coefficient, connected with the input to the output of the differential amplifier, and with the output - to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, at the same time the terminals are connected respectively to the inverting input of the operational amplifier and to ground.

Rezultatul invenţiei constă în reproducerea impedanţelor exprimate în coordonate polare cu posibilitatea reglării în trepte şi lină a impedanţei reproduse. The result of the invention consists in reproducing impedances expressed in polar coordinates with the possibility of stepwise and smooth adjustment of the reproduced impedance.

Invenţia se explică prin desenul din figură, care reprezintă schema convertorului. The invention is explained by the drawing in the figure, which represents the converter diagram.

Convertorul de impedanţă conţine două cleme 2, 7, un amplificator operaţional 1 cu două intrări şi o ieşire, un rezistor variabil 3 comandat de cod, conectat cu polii între intrarea inversoare şi ieşirea amplificatorului operaţional 1, un rezistor fix 4, conectat între intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional 1 şi masă, un amplificator diferenţial 5 cu factor de transmisiune variabil în trepte, conectat cu intrările respectiv la ieşirea şi la intrarea neinversoare ale amplificatorului operaţional 1, un defazor 6 comandat de cod cu posibilitatea reglării fazei în banda de valori 0…360° şi cu coeficient de amplificare unitar, conectat cu intrarea la ieşirea amplificatorului diferenţial 5, iar cu ieşirea - la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional 1, totodată clemele 2, 7 sunt conectate respectiv la intrarea inversoare a amplificatorului operaţional 1 şi la masă. The impedance converter contains two terminals 2, 7, an operational amplifier 1 with two inputs and one output, a variable resistor 3 controlled by the code, connected with poles between the inverting input and the output of the operational amplifier 1, a fixed resistor 4, connected between the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 1 and ground, a differential amplifier 5 with a step-variable transmission factor, connected with its inputs to the output and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 1, a phase shifter 6 controlled by the code with the possibility of adjusting the phase in the value band 0…360° and with a unitary amplification coefficient, connected with the input to the output of the differential amplifier 5, and with the output - to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 1, at the same time, terminals 2, 7 are connected respectively to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 1 and to ground.

Rezistorul variabil 3 posedă o intrare de comandă de cod NR, prin care se asigură reglarea lină a rezistenţei lui R, amplificatorul diferenţial 5 posedă o intrare Nd de comandă cu factorul lui de transmisiune Kd în trepte, iar defazorul 6 - o intrare de comandă de cod Nφ pentru reglarea defazajului φ. The variable resistor 3 has a NR code control input, which ensures smooth adjustment of the resistance of R, the differential amplifier 5 has a Nd control input with its transmission factor Kd in steps, and the phase shifter 6 - a Nφ code control input for adjusting the phase shift φ.

Convertorul funcţionează în modul următor. The converter operates in the following mode.

Amplificatorul operaţional 1 şi rezistorul 3 cu rezistenţa R formează un convertor de curent în tensiune. Tensiunea U1 la ieşirea lui constituie: Operational amplifier 1 and resistor 3 with resistance R form a current-to-voltage converter. The voltage U1 at its output is:

U1 = -Ii · R + Ui, (1)U1 = -Ii R + Ui, (1)

unde: Ii - curentul de intrare, Ui - căderea de tensiune pe rezistorul 4. where: Ii - input current, Ui - voltage drop across resistor 4.

Tensiunea U2 la ieşirea amplificatorului diferenţial 5, cu evidenţa (1) constituie: The voltage U2 at the output of differential amplifier 5, with evidence (1) is:

U2 = Kd · (Ui - U1) = Kd · Ii ·R. (2) U2 = Kd · (Ui - U1) = Kd · Ii ·R. (2)

Tensiunea Ui la ieşirea defazorului 6: Voltage Ui at the output of phase shifter 6:

Ui = Kφ · U2 = Kd · R · Mejφ · Ii = Kd Rejφ Ii, (3) Ui = Kφ · U2 = Kd · R · Mejφ · Ii = Kd Rejφ Ii, (3)

unde: Kφ = M ejφ = 1 · ejφ - factorul de transmisiune al defazorului 6. where: Kφ = M ejφ = 1 · ejφ - the transmission factor of the phase shifter 6.

Impedanţa Zi, reprodusă de convertor la clemele 2 şi 7, se determină: The impedance Zi, reproduced by the converter at terminals 2 and 7, is determined:

Zi = Ui/Ii = Kd · R ejφ = Zi ejφi, (4)Zi = Ui/Ii = Kd · R ejφ = Zi ejφi, (4)

unde: Zi - modulul impedanţei reproduse, φi - faza ei. where: Zi - the modulus of the reproduced impedance, φi - its phase.

După cum rezultă din relaţia (4), modulul Zi al impedanţei reproduse de convertor Zi poate fi reglat în trepte prin intermediul intrării Nd, care asigură valori ale factorului de transmisiune Kd = 1; 10; 102, etc., sau altele, după necesitate, şi lin, prin reglarea rezistenţei rezistorului 3 cu codul NR. Faza ei φi este egală cu unghiul de fază φ introdus de defazorul 6 şi poate fi reglată cu codul de comandă Nφ. As follows from relation (4), the modulus Zi of the impedance reproduced by the converter Zi can be adjusted in steps by means of the input Nd, which provides values of the transmission factor Kd = 1; 10; 102, etc., or others, as necessary, and smoothly, by adjusting the resistance of the resistor 3 with the code NR. Its phase φi is equal to the phase angle φ introduced by the phase shifter 6 and can be adjusted with the command code Nφ.

Pentru exemplu, la utilizarea unui rezistor variabil cu banda de reglare a rezistenţei R = (0…106) Ω, a unui amplificator diferenţial cu factor de transmisiune Kd = 1; 10; 102, etc. şi a unui defazor cu banda de reglare a defazajului φ = (0…360°), conform relaţiei (4), banda de reglare a modulului impedanţei reproduse de convertor constituie respectiv Zi = (0…106; 0…107; 0…108, etc.) Ω, iar a fazei φi = (0…360°). For example, when using a variable resistor with a resistance adjustment band R = (0…106) Ω, a differential amplifier with a transmission factor Kd = 1; 10; 102, etc. and a phase shifter with a phase shift adjustment band φ = (0…360°), according to relation (4), the adjustment band of the impedance modulus reproduced by the converter is respectively Zi = (0…106; 0…107; 0…108, etc.) Ω, and of the phase φi = (0…360°).

1. MD 420 Z 2012.04.30 1. MD 420 Z 2012.04.30

Claims (1)

Convertor de impedanţă, care conţine două cleme (2, 7), un amplificator operaţional (1) cu două intrări şi o ieşire, un rezistor variabil (3) comandat de cod, conectat cu polii între intrarea inversoare şi ieşirea amplificatorului operaţional (1), un rezistor fix (4), conectat între intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional (1) şi masă, un amplificator diferenţial (5) cu factor de transmisiune variabil în trepte, conectat cu intrările respectiv la ieşirea şi la intrarea neinversoare ale amplificatorului operaţional (1), un defazor (6) comandat de cod cu posibilitatea reglării fazei în banda de valori 0…360° şi cu coeficient de amplificare unitar, conectat cu intrarea la ieşirea amplificatorului diferenţial (5), iar cu ieşirea - la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional (1), totodată clemele (2, 7) sunt conectate respectiv la intrarea inversoare a amplificatorului operaţional (1) şi la masă.Impedance converter, which contains two terminals (2, 7), an operational amplifier (1) with two inputs and one output, a variable resistor (3) controlled by the code, connected with poles between the inverting input and the output of the operational amplifier (1), a fixed resistor (4), connected between the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier (1) and ground, a differential amplifier (5) with a step-variable transmission factor, connected with its inputs to the output and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier (1), a phase shifter (6) controlled by the code with the possibility of adjusting the phase in the value range 0…360° and with a unitary amplification coefficient, connected with its input to the output of the differential amplifier (5), and with its output - to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier (1), at the same time the terminals (2, 7) are connected respectively to the inverting input of the operational amplifier (1) and to ground.
MDS20130150A 2013-08-28 2013-08-28 Impedance converter MD740Z (en)

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MD740Y MD740Y (en) 2014-02-28
MD740Z true MD740Z (en) 2014-09-30

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD888Z (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD2130G2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD2462G2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2004-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3111G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Admittance converter
MD3133G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3154G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3173G2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-05-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3461G2 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Admittance converter
MD90Z (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Admittance converter
MD248Z (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD420Z (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD672Y (en) * 2013-01-24 2013-08-31 Univ Tehnica Moldovei Impedance converter
MD701Y (en) * 2013-08-28 2013-11-30 Univ Tehnica Moldovei Impedance converter
  • 2013

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD2130G2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD2462G2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2004-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3111G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Admittance converter
MD3133G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3154G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3173G2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-05-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3461G2 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Admittance converter
MD90Z (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Admittance converter
MD248Z (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD420Z (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD672Y (en) * 2013-01-24 2013-08-31 Univ Tehnica Moldovei Impedance converter
MD701Y (en) * 2013-08-28 2013-11-30 Univ Tehnica Moldovei Impedance converter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD888Z (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter

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