MD723Z - Process for anaerobic fermentation of distillery waste - Google Patents
Process for anaerobic fermentation of distillery waste Download PDFInfo
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- MD723Z MD723Z MDS20130184A MDS20130184A MD723Z MD 723 Z MD723 Z MD 723Z MD S20130184 A MDS20130184 A MD S20130184A MD S20130184 A MDS20130184 A MD S20130184A MD 723 Z MD723 Z MD 723Z
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- Moldova
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- anaerobic fermentation
- carried out
- slag
- mixing
- limestone
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000888 organogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011361 granulated particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940040102 levulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000021962 pH elevation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y02W10/12—
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la un procedeu de fermentare anaerobă a borhotului.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, include neutralizarea preliminară a borhotului prin amestecarea cu un reactiv alcalin şi fermentarea anaerobă ulterioară cu obţinerea biogazului, totodată în calitate de reactiv alcalin pentru neutralizarea borhotului se utilizează făină calcaroasă, obţinută ca deşeu de la tăierea calcarului organogen, care se amestecă cu borhotul fierbinte cu temperatura de 70...90°C până la pH=6...7 în cantitate de 5...20 kg, recalculat la CaO, la 1 m3 de borhot. Procesul de amestecare se efectuează în regim cavitaţional la agitare continuă, cu separarea ulterioară a materiilor în suspensie prin sedimentare şi/sau centrifugare. Faza lichidă limpezită şi răcită până la temperatura de 33°C se supune fermentării anaerobe, care se efectuează în strat expandat şi/sau fluidizat de particule granulate.The invention relates to a process for anaerobic fermentation of the borot. The process according to the invention includes the preliminary neutralization of the borot by mixing with an alkaline reagent and the subsequent anaerobic fermentation to obtain biogas. obtained as a waste from the cutting of the organogenic limestone, which mixes with the hot rod at 70 ... 90 ° C to pH = 6 ... 7 in the amount of 5 ... 20 kg, recalculated to CaO, to 1 m3 of borhot. The mixing process is carried out under cavitation under continuous stirring, with the subsequent separation of the suspended materials by sedimentation and / or centrifugation. The clarified and cooled liquid phase to 33 ° C is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, which is carried out in expanded and / or fluidized layer of granulated particles.
Description
Invenţia se referă la un procedeu de fermentare anaerobă a borhotului. The invention relates to a process for anaerobic fermentation of wort.
Este cunoscut un procedeu de tratare biochimică a apelor uzate în scopul eliminării poluanţilor organici la concentraţii mari ale acestora, care include neutralizarea preliminară a apelor uzate prin amestecarea cu un reactiv alcalin obţinut electrochimic şi fermentarea anaerobă-aerobă. Corecţia pH se efectuează prin proces electrochimic efectuat în sistem de blocuri de electrozi cu diafragmă. Alcalinizarea apei tratate are loc ca rezultat al procesului de electroliză în camera catodică a electrolizorului. La catod, ca urmare a electrolizei apei, se degajă hidrogenul gazos şi se eliberează grupe hidroxil (OH-), ceea ce duce la deplasarea pH-ului apei tratate spre mediu alcalin [1]. A biochemical wastewater treatment process is known for the purpose of eliminating organic pollutants at high concentrations, which includes preliminary neutralization of wastewater by mixing with an alkaline reagent obtained electrochemically and anaerobic-aerobic fermentation. The pH correction is carried out by an electrochemical process carried out in a system of diaphragm electrode blocks. Alkalinization of the treated water occurs as a result of the electrolysis process in the cathode chamber of the electrolyzer. At the cathode, as a result of the electrolysis of water, hydrogen gas is released and hydroxyl groups (OH-) are released, which leads to a shift in the pH of the treated water towards an alkaline environment [1].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în aceea că este energofag şi are o utilizare limitată pentru bioreactoarele de capacitate mică. The disadvantage of this process is that it is energy-intensive and has limited use for small-capacity bioreactors.
În calitate de cea mai apropiată soluţie serveşte procedeul de fermentare anaerobă a apelor uzate, care include neutralizarea preliminară a borhotului prin amestecarea cu un reactiv alcalin şi fermentarea anaerobă ulterioară cu obţinerea biogazului. În calitate de reactiv alcalin pentru neutralizarea borhotului se utilizează hidroxidul de sodiu, în cantitate de 120 g la 10 l [2]. The closest solution is the anaerobic fermentation process of wastewater, which includes preliminary neutralization of the sludge by mixing it with an alkaline reagent and subsequent anaerobic fermentation with the production of biogas. Sodium hydroxide is used as the alkaline reagent for neutralization of the sludge, in an amount of 120 g per 10 l [2].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în aceea că hidroxidul de sodiu nu asigură o limpezire deplină a borhotului tratat, sedimentarea şi deshidratarea nămolului, ceea ce influenţează negativ asupra eficienţei procesului de fermentare anaerobă, în afară de aceasta, utilizarea procedeului este costisitoare. The disadvantage of this process is that sodium hydroxide does not ensure complete clarification of the treated slurry, sedimentation and dehydration of the sludge, which negatively influences the efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation process; in addition, the use of the process is expensive.
Problema tehnică pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în majorarea eficienţei limpezirii şi a fermentării anaerobe a borhotului, precum şi ieftinirea procesului de tratare biochimică a acestuia prin utilizarea deşeurilor unor producţii conexe. The technical problem solved by the invention consists in increasing the efficiency of clarification and anaerobic fermentation of the wort, as well as reducing the cost of its biochemical treatment process by using waste from related productions.
Problema se rezolvă prin aceea că procedeul de fermentare anaerobă a borhotului include neutralizarea preliminară a borhotului prin amestecarea cu un reactiv alcalin şi fermentarea anaerobă ulterioară cu obţinerea biogazului, totodată în calitate de reactiv alcalin pentru neutralizarea borhotului se utilizează făină calcaroasă, obţinută ca deşeu de la tăierea calcarului organogen, care se amestecă cu borhotul fierbinte cu temperatura de 70...90°C până la pH=6...7 în cantitate de 5...20 kg, recalculat la CaO, la 1 m3 de borhot, procesul de amestecare se efectuează în regim cavitaţional la agitare continuă, cu separarea ulterioară a materiilor în suspensie prin sedimentare şi/sau centrifugare, apoi faza lichidă limpezită şi răcită până la temperatura de 33°C se supune fermentării anaerobe, care se efectuează în strat expandat şi/sau fluidizat de particule granulate. The problem is solved by the fact that the anaerobic fermentation process of the slurry includes the preliminary neutralization of the slurry by mixing with an alkaline reagent and subsequent anaerobic fermentation with the production of biogas, at the same time, as an alkaline reagent for the neutralization of the slurry, calcareous flour is used, obtained as waste from cutting organogenic limestone, which is mixed with the hot slurry with a temperature of 70...90°C to pH=6...7 in an amount of 5...20 kg, recalculated to CaO, per 1 m3 of slurry, the mixing process is carried out in a cavitational regime with continuous stirring, with subsequent separation of suspended matter by sedimentation and/or centrifugation, then the clarified liquid phase cooled to a temperature of 33°C is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, which is carried out in an expanded and/or fluidized bed of granulated particles.
Rezultatul tehnic de la realizarea invenţiei revendicate constă în următoarele: The technical result of achieving the claimed invention consists of the following:
1. Componentele de bază ale făinii calcaroase utilizate pentru neutralizarea borhotului tratat prezintă carbonaţi şi oxizi de calciu şi magneziu, care, intrând în reacţie cu acizii organici cu degajarea de CO2 gazos, formează compuşii respectivi cu metalele alcalino-pământoase. Ţinând cont de faptul că făina calcaroasă iniţială şi compuşii formaţi la neutralizare sunt greu solubili, echilibrul reacţiei se deplasează datorită degajării de CO2 gazos. Eficienţa reacţiilor este determinată de viteza de eliminare a acestuia din volumul de reacţie, ceea ce se realizează în condiţiile agitării intensive a amestecului în regim cavitaţional. 1. The basic components of the limestone flour used for neutralizing the treated slurry are carbonates and oxides of calcium and magnesium, which, reacting with organic acids with the release of CO2 gas, form the respective compounds with alkaline earth metals. Taking into account the fact that the initial limestone flour and the compounds formed during neutralization are poorly soluble, the reaction equilibrium shifts due to the release of CO2 gas. The efficiency of the reactions is determined by the speed of its elimination from the reaction volume, which is achieved under conditions of intensive agitation of the mixture in a cavitational regime.
2. Impurităţile netoxice (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3), care se conţin în făina calcaroasă, sunt inerte în raport cu radicalii acizi, însă în procesele de tratare a apelor uzate, în particular a borhotului, îndeplinesc funcţii importante ale elementelor de adaos în condiţionarea suspensiilor, ceea ce ameliorează procesul de sedimentare a nămolului şi de limpezire a borhotului, îmbunătăţesc proprietăţile de separare a acestuia în aparatele de deshidratare. 2. Non-toxic impurities (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3), which are contained in limestone flour, are inert in relation to acid radicals, but in wastewater treatment processes, in particular sludge, they perform important functions of additive elements in the conditioning of suspensions, which improves the process of sludge sedimentation and sludge clarification, and improves its separation properties in dewatering devices.
3. În procesele de tratare biochimică a apelor uzate particulele inerte fin dispersate servesc drept substrat pentru fixarea microflorei şi formarea unui mediu granulat în volumul lichidului supus tratării, ceea ce asigură valori mari ale transferului şi schimbului de masă, intensificând astfel procesele biochimice. 3. In biochemical wastewater treatment processes, finely dispersed inert particles serve as a substrate for fixing microflora and forming a granular medium in the volume of the liquid being treated, which ensures high values of mass transfer and exchange, thus intensifying biochemical processes.
Borhotul alcoolic prezintă un deşeu al producţiei de alcool, în componenţa căruia intră surse de carbon organic (ale pentozelor şi acizilor organici), produsele descompunerii monozaharidelor, precum şi deşeurile lichide ale produselor de rectificare a alcoolului şi de furfurol. În funcţie de materia primă prelucrată în componenţa borhotului intră componenţii prezentaţi în tab. 1. Alcoholic dregs are a waste product of alcohol production, which includes sources of organic carbon (pentoses and organic acids), products of monosaccharide decomposition, as well as liquid waste products of alcohol rectification and furfural. Depending on the raw material processed, the dregs contain the components shown in Table 1.
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Componenţa chimică a borhotului alcoolic cerealier, % mas. Chemical composition of the grain alcoholic dregs, % mass.
Componenţi Structura chimică a compuşilor Fibre lemnoase şi melasă Fibre lemnoase şi deşeuri cerealiere Substanţe solubile (SS) 0,49...0,65 0,51...0,53 Furfurol 0,0005...0,002 0,0005...0,001 Oximetil-furfurol 0,059...0,080 0,064...0,066 Acid levulinic НООС-(СН2)2 -СО-СН3 0,301...0,384 0,302...0,391 Substanţe lignofuranice 0,286...0,304 0,302...0,311 Acizi organici 0,38...0,57 0,63...0,68 Substanţe absolut uscate 1,60...1,81 1,46...1,49 Monozaharide 0,47±0,12 0,405±0,06 Arabinoză 0,071±0,014 0,063±0,013 Xiloză 0,40±0,10 0,388±0,08 CCO, mg O2/dm3 21569...23137 22333...23040 pH iniţial 3,9...4,5 3,7...4,3Components Chemical structure of compounds Wood fibers and molasses Wood fibers and cereal waste Soluble substances (SS) 0.49...0.65 0.51...0.53 Furfural 0.0005...0.002 0.0005...0.001 Oxymethyl-furfural 0.059...0.080 0.064...0.066 Levulinic acid НООС-(СН2)2 -СО-СН3 0.301...0.384 0.302...0.391 Lignofuranic substances 0.286...0.304 0.302...0.311 Organic acids 0.38...0.57 0.63...0.68 Absolutely dry substances 1.60...1.81 1.46...1.49 Monosaccharides 0.47±0.12 0.405±0.06 Arabinose 0.071±0.014 0.063±0.013 Xylose 0.40±0.10 0.388±0.08 CCO, mg O2/dm3 21569...23137 22333...23040 Initial pH 3.9...4.5 3.7...4.3
Făina calcaroasă (moloz) este o pilitură a calcarului organogen, înrudit cu creta, care reprezintă o rocă sedimentară compusă din cochilii ale moluştelor antice de mare şi rămăşiţele lor. Ea este produsul tăierii pietrei calcaroase în minele de calcar şi este utilizată, în particular, în calitate de umplutură, sub formă măcinată, la producerea materialelor de construcţie, se mai foloseşte la producerea varului şi dezacidifierea solurilor. Ea prezintă un material cu porozitate înaltă de 22.....60% şi cu o capacitate mare de adsorbţie, având o greutate specifică de 1100...2240 kg/m3. Componenţa chimică a făinii calcaroase de la tăierea calcarului organogen este destul de stabilă, indiferent de provenienţa zăcământului, inclusiv din Moldova, şi constituie, în % mas.: Limestone flour (crushed stone) is a filing of organogenic limestone, related to chalk, which is a sedimentary rock composed of shells of ancient sea mollusks and their remains. It is the product of cutting limestone in limestone mines and is used, in particular, as a filler, in ground form, in the production of building materials, it is also used in the production of lime and soil deacidification. It presents a material with high porosity of 22.....60% and a high adsorption capacity, having a specific weight of 1100...2240 kg/m3. The chemical composition of limestone flour from cutting organogenic limestone is quite stable, regardless of the origin of the deposit, including from Moldova, and constitutes, in % mass:
carbonat de calciu - 94,20...94,70, oxid de siliciu - 2,16...2,50, carbonat de magneziu - 1,66...2,73, oxid de magneziu - 0,79...1,30.calcium carbonate - 94.20...94.70, silicon oxide - 2.16...2.50, magnesium carbonate - 1.66...2.73, magnesium oxide - 0.79...1.30.
Fracţia masică a impurităţilor netoxice (oxizi de fier, de aluminiu etc.) constituie cel mult 8%. The mass fraction of non-toxic impurities (iron oxides, aluminum oxides, etc.) is no more than 8%.
Făina calcaroasă este un reactiv pur ecologic pentru neutralizarea lichidelor cu mediu acid, se mai utilizează în particular pentru hrănirea minerală suplimentară a animalelor şi păsărilor, ca adaos la producerea nutreţurilor combinate (GOST 26826-86). Gradul de dispersie a ei constituie 100...400 µm. Limestone flour is a purely ecological reagent for neutralizing acidic liquids, it is also used in particular for additional mineral feeding of animals and birds, as an additive in the production of compound feeds (GOST 26826-86). Its dispersion degree is 100...400 µm.
Procesul de amestecare a borhotului cu reactivul alcalin şi neutralizarea se poate efectua, de exemplu, cu utilizarea cavitatorului industrial de tipul „Tornado-Flow”(Germania). The process of mixing the slurry with the alkaline reagent and neutralization can be carried out, for example, using an industrial cavitator of the "Tornado-Flow" type (Germany).
Procedeul de tratare biochimică a borhotului se efectuează în următoarea consecutivitate, prezentată în schemă: The biochemical treatment process of the slurry is carried out in the following sequence, presented in the diagram:
Neutralizarea borhotului fierbinte se efectuează prin amestecarea acestuia cu o cantitate determinată de făină calcaroasă la agitare continuă în regim cavitaţional cu recirculare, de exemplu, cu utilizarea cavitatorului „Tornado-Flow”, asigurându-se degajarea completă a CO2 ca produs al reacţiei, astfel încât să fie atins pH = 6...7. The neutralization of the hot slurry is carried out by mixing it with a determined amount of limestone flour under continuous stirring in a cavitational recirculation mode, for example, using the "Tornado-Flow" cavitator, ensuring the complete release of CO2 as a reaction product, so that pH = 6...7 is reached.
Separarea materiilor în suspensie se efectuează prin sedimentare şi/sau centrifugare. După uscarea fazei solide aceasta poate fi utilizată în calitate de adaos în hrana animalelor. Faza lichidă limpezită după răcirea ei până la temperatura optimă de fermentare este îndreptată spre fermentarea anaerobă, care se efectuează în strat expandat şi/sau fluidizat de particule granulate. The separation of suspended matter is carried out by sedimentation and/or centrifugation. After drying the solid phase it can be used as an additive in animal feed. The clarified liquid phase after cooling to the optimum fermentation temperature is directed to anaerobic fermentation, which is carried out in an expanded and/or fluidized bed of granulated particles.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention
Borhotul alcoolic cerealier fierbinte format la distilarea fracţiei de alcool în cantitate de 10 1 având temperatura de 89°C, pH=3,9 şi CCO de 35670 mgO2/l, a fost supus neutralizării prin amestecarea cu 0,2 kg de făină calcaroasă (GOST 26826-86) în calitate de reactiv alcalin. Agitarea s-a efectuat cu ajutorul cavitatorului „Tornado-Flow” la o recirculare de 5 ori a suspensiei, după care amestecul a fost decantat şi centrifugat, controlându-se concomitent aciditatea şi CCO al fazei lichide. The hot grain alcoholic slurry formed during the distillation of the alcohol fraction in the amount of 10 l having a temperature of 89°C, pH=3.9 and COD of 35670 mgO2/l, was subjected to neutralization by mixing with 0.2 kg of calcareous flour (GOST 26826-86) as an alkaline reagent. The agitation was carried out using the "Tornado-Flow" cavitator with a 5-fold recirculation of the suspension, after which the mixture was decanted and centrifuged, simultaneously controlling the acidity and COD of the liquid phase.
Apoi faza lichidă răcită până la temperatura de 33°C a fost supusă fermentării anaerobe prin intermediul microflorei granulate, care periodic era fluidizată. În acest timp au fost determinate CCO, producţia de biogaz prin metoda volumetrică, iar conţinutul de biometan cu ajutorul cromatografului ЦВЕТ-31-01. Concomitent s-au efectuat încercările experimentale conform condiţiilor celei mai apropiate soluţii. Then the liquid phase cooled to 33°C was subjected to anaerobic fermentation by means of granulated microflora, which was periodically fluidized. During this time, COD, biogas production were determined by the volumetric method, and the biomethane content was determined using the chromatograph ЦВЕТ-31-01. At the same time, experimental tests were carried out according to the conditions of the closest solution.
Rezultatele încercărilor experimentale sunt prezentate în tab. 2. The results of the experimental tests are presented in Table 2.
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Rezultatele încercărilor experimentale ale proceselor Results of experimental tests of the processes
de tratare biochimică a borhotului biochemical treatment of sludge
Condiţiile tratării borhotului Neutralizarea Fermentarea anaerobă pH CCO iniţial, mgO2/dm3 CCO final, mgO2/dm3 Cantitatea de biogaz, l Conţinutul de CH4, % vol. Conform condiţiilor propuse 6,7 18800 1350 70,6 67,5 Conform condiţiilor celei mai apropiate soluţii 7,0 18800 1520 69,1 65,3Sludge treatment conditions Neutralization Anaerobic fermentation pH Initial COD, mgO2/dm3 Final COD, mgO2/dm3 Amount of biogas, l CH4 content, % vol. According to the proposed conditions 6.7 18800 1350 70.6 67.5 According to the conditions of the closest solution 7.0 18800 1520 69.1 65.3
Consumul hidroxidului de sodiu pentru neutralizarea borhotului a fost de 120 g la 10 1, având costul de 7,8 lei/kg, în timp ce costul făinii calcaroase a constituit 200 g la preţul ei de 0,07 lei/kg. Respectiv, costul de producţie al neutralizării borhotului cu ajutorul hidroxidului de sodiu constituie 0,936 lei, iar cu făină calcaroasă 0,014 lei. Prin recalculare la 1000 l de borhot tratat, eficienţa economică conform acestui indicator este de 0,922×100=92,2 lei. The consumption of sodium hydroxide for the neutralization of the slag was 120 g per 10 l, with a cost of 7.8 lei/kg, while the cost of limestone flour was 200 g at its price of 0.07 lei/kg. Accordingly, the production cost of neutralizing the slag with sodium hydroxide is 0.936 lei, and with limestone flour 0.014 lei. By recalculating to 1000 l of treated slag, the economic efficiency according to this indicator is 0.922×100=92.2 lei.
1. MD 2017 F1 2002.10.31 1. MD 2017 F1 2002.10.31
2. Speece R. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial wastewaters. Archae Press. Tennessee, USA, 1996, p. 58-59, 94 2. Speece R. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial wastewaters. Archae Press. Tennessee, USA, 1996, p. 58-59, 94
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MD2017F1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-31 | Univ De Stat Din Moldova | Installation for sewage treatment |
| MD3078F1 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-30 | Universitatea De Stat Din Moldova | Process for degradation of hard-degrading waste obtained as a result of alcohol distillation |
| MD3994F1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2009-12-31 | Universitatea De Stat Din Moldova | Plant for anaerobic processing of wine distillery waste |
| MD188Y (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2010-04-30 | Universitatea De Stat Din Moldova | Process for biochemical treatment of wine-making waste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MD2017F1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-31 | Univ De Stat Din Moldova | Installation for sewage treatment |
| MD3078F1 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-30 | Universitatea De Stat Din Moldova | Process for degradation of hard-degrading waste obtained as a result of alcohol distillation |
| MD3994F1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2009-12-31 | Universitatea De Stat Din Moldova | Plant for anaerobic processing of wine distillery waste |
| MD188Y (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2010-04-30 | Universitatea De Stat Din Moldova | Process for biochemical treatment of wine-making waste |
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| Speece R. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial wastewaters. Archae Press. Tennessee, USA, 1996, p. 58-59, 94 * |
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