MD685Z - Process for producing a multilayer coating by the electrospark alloying method - Google Patents
Process for producing a multilayer coating by the electrospark alloying method Download PDFInfo
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- MD685Z MD685Z MDS20130025A MDS20130025A MD685Z MD 685 Z MD685 Z MD 685Z MD S20130025 A MDS20130025 A MD S20130025A MD S20130025 A MDS20130025 A MD S20130025A MD 685 Z MD685 Z MD 685Z
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la domeniul de prelucrare a metalelor, şi anume la un procedeu de obţinere a acoperirii multistrat prin metoda alierii cu scântei electrice şi poate fi utilizată în industria construcţiilor de maşini pentru mărirea rezistenţei la coroziune a pieselor maşinilor, sculelor şi utilajului tehnologic. The invention relates to the field of metal processing, namely to a process for obtaining multilayer coating by the electric spark alloying method and can be used in the machine building industry to increase the corrosion resistance of machine parts, tools and technological equipment.
Pentru recondiţionarea şi durificarea pieselor maşinilor şi a sculelor se foloseşte metoda alierii prin scântei electrice. Ea are aşa avantaje ca legătura durabilă a materialului acoperirii cu baza, ca rezultat al formării soluţiilor solide şi, de asemenea, a compuşilor chimici, posibilitatea aplicării diferitelor metale conducătoare de curent electric şi aliajelor, lipsa necesităţii pregătirii prealabile a suprafeţei. Acoperirile aplicate îmbunătăţesc semnificativ proprietăţile fizico-chimice ale suprafeţei prelucrate, duritatea şi rezistenţa la uzură [1]. For the reconditioning and hardening of machine parts and tools, the method of electric spark alloying is used. It has such advantages as a durable bond of the coating material with the base, as a result of the formation of solid solutions and also chemical compounds, the possibility of applying various electrically conductive metals and alloys, the absence of the need for preliminary surface preparation. The applied coatings significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the processed surface, hardness and wear resistance [1].
Dezavantajele acestei metode constau în aceea că suprafeţele prelucrate au o rugozitate înaltă, precum şi porozitate şi continuitate redusă. Mai ales din cauza ultimelor, acoperirile obţinute prin metoda alierii cu scântei electrice nu pot fi utilizate în calitate de acoperiri protectoare, care protejează baza de coroziune. The disadvantages of this method are that the processed surfaces have high roughness, as well as low porosity and continuity. Especially because of the latter, coatings obtained by the electric spark alloying method cannot be used as protective coatings that protect the base from corrosion.
În calitate de cea mai apropiată soluţie serveşte procedeul de mărire a rezistenţei oţelului la coroziune, care constă în aceea că piesa din oţel mai întâi se supune alierii cu scântei electrice cu un metal rezistent la coroziune, cu timpul specific de aliere de 1 min/cm2, la un regim cu energia descărcării electrice în diapazonul 0,3…4,0 J. Apoi se efectuează tratarea termochimică, care constă în încălzirea anodică a piesei timp de 30 s într-un electrolit, ce conţine compuşi azotici NH4Cl 100 g/l şi NH4OH 50 g/l sau NH4Cl 110 g/l şi NaNO3 110 g/l, până la temperatura de 750°C, la tensiunea dintre electrozi de 150…220 V, cu densitatea curentului electric de 1…15 A/cm2, şi răcirea ulterioară a piesei la aer [2]. The closest solution is the process of increasing the corrosion resistance of steel, which consists in the fact that the steel part is first subjected to electric spark alloying with a corrosion-resistant metal, with a specific alloying time of 1 min/cm2, at a regime with an electric discharge energy in the range of 0.3…4.0 J. Then, thermochemical treatment is performed, which consists of anodic heating of the part for 30 s in an electrolyte containing nitrogen compounds NH4Cl 100 g/l and NH4OH 50 g/l or NH4Cl 110 g/l and NaNO3 110 g/l, up to a temperature of 750°C, at a voltage between the electrodes of 150…220 V, with an electric current density of 1…15 A/cm2, and subsequent cooling of the part in air [2].
Dezavantajele acestui procedeu constau în aceea că parametrii daţi ai procesului de aliere prin scântei electrice nu au permis de a forma acoperiri destul de groase, fără pori şi cu o rugozitate mică, iar cu tratamentul termochimic se reuşeşte numai de a netezi puţin neuniformităţile acoperirii. Deseori se formează pori străpunşi, care duc la distrugerea suportului. The disadvantages of this process are that the given parameters of the electric spark alloying process did not allow forming sufficiently thick, pore-free and low-roughness coatings, while thermochemical treatment only manages to slightly smooth out the unevenness of the coating. Often, through pores are formed, which lead to the destruction of the support.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în elaborarea procedeului de mărire a rezistenţei la coroziune şi la uzură a oţelului, ca rezultat al formării acoperirii multistrat cu rugozitate şi porozitate mică. The problem solved by the invention consists in developing a process for increasing the corrosion and wear resistance of steel, as a result of the formation of a multilayer coating with low roughness and porosity.
Problema se rezolvă prin aceea că procedeul de obţinere a acoperirii multistrat prin metoda alierii cu scântei electrice constă în aceea că pe un suport se aplică pe rând câteva straturi alternante ale aliajului de carbură de wolfram sau de carbură de titan şi ale cobaltului cu energia în impuls de 0,02…0,3 J la frecvenţa de 200…1500 Hz, totodată se efectuează deformarea plastică superficială a fiecărui strat. The problem is solved by the fact that the process of obtaining a multilayer coating by the electric spark alloying method consists in applying several alternating layers of tungsten carbide or titanium carbide and cobalt alloy on a support with an impulse energy of 0.02…0.3 J at a frequency of 200…1500 Hz, while performing superficial plastic deformation of each layer.
Rezultatul tehnic al utilizării acestui procedeu este mărirea rezistenţei la coroziune şi la uzură a pieselor, datorită formării acoperirilor dense prin scântei electrice, cu rugozitate şi porozitate mică. The technical result of using this process is the increase in the corrosion and wear resistance of parts, due to the formation of dense coatings through electric sparks, with low roughness and porosity.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention
Încercările acestui procedeu s-au efectuat în felul următor. Au fost fabricate probe din oţel 45. La instalaţia ПЭЛ-28 ele au fost aliate de la început cu aliajul dur BK8, apoi cu cobalt la un regim cu energia în impuls de 0,08 J la frecvenţa vibratorului de 200 Hz. Au fost aplicate câte 3 straturi de BK8 şi de cobalt pe rând. Fiecare strat aplicat a fost supus deformării plastice superficiale (DPS) cu ajutorul unei role din aliaj dur. Rugozitatea suprafeţei era Ra=0,8...1,9 µm, ceea ce a permis de a efectua încercări la frecare şi uzură. Încercările la coroziune au fost efectuate în electrolitul, g/l: NaCl - 7,0, Na2SO4 (anhidru) - 7,0, la curentul electric de 10 mA, timp de 1, 3 şi 5 ore. Încercările la capacitatea de a rezista la uzură în condiţiile frecării fără lubrifiant s-au efectuat la maşina de frecare la sarcina de 140 N, viteza de alunecare de 0,3 m/s. Ca contracorp au servit probe din oţel călit 40X(HRC 55-58). The tests of this process were carried out as follows. Samples of steel 45 were manufactured. At the PEL-28 installation they were first alloyed with the hard alloy BK8, then with cobalt at a pulse energy regime of 0.08 J at a vibrator frequency of 200 Hz. 3 layers of BK8 and cobalt were applied in turn. Each applied layer was subjected to superficial plastic deformation (SPD) using a hard alloy roller. The surface roughness was Ra=0.8...1.9 µm, which allowed to carry out friction and wear tests. Corrosion tests were carried out in the electrolyte, g/l: NaCl - 7.0, Na2SO4 (anhydrous) - 7.0, at an electric current of 10 mA, for 1, 3 and 5 hours. Tests on the ability to resist wear under friction conditions without lubricant were carried out on the friction machine at a load of 140 N, sliding speed of 0.3 m/s. Samples of hardened steel 40X (HRC 55-58) served as the counterbody.
Rezultatele încercărilor sunt prezentate în tabelele 1 şi 2. The test results are presented in tables 1 and 2.
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Influenţa timpului încercărilor asupra vitezei Influence of test time on speed
de decapare (mg/cm2) pickling (mg/cm2)
Materialul Timpul încercărilor, ore 1 3 5 Oţel 45 114,0 409,0 425,0 Oţel 45 + cobalt fără DPS 85,0 275,0 340,0 Oţel 45 + BK8 fără DPS 45,0 149,0 184,0 Oţel 45 + cobalt + DPS 90,1 304,0 381,4 Oţel 45 + BK8 + DPS 31,0 110,1 144,3 Oţel 45 + 3 strat. de BK8 + 3 strat. de cobalt fără DPS 23,2 81,3 101,4 Oţel 45 + 3 strat. de BK8 + 3 strat. de cobalt + DPS 10,4 44,2 60,5Material Test time, hours 1 3 5 Steel 45 114.0 409.0 425.0 Steel 45 + cobalt without DPS 85.0 275.0 340.0 Steel 45 + BK8 without DPS 45.0 149.0 184.0 Steel 45 + cobalt + DPS 90.1 304.0 381.4 Steel 45 + BK8 + DPS 31.0 110.1 144.3 Steel 45 + 3 layers of BK8 + 3 layers of cobalt without DPS 23.2 81.3 101.4 Steel 45 + 3 layers of BK8 + 3 layers of cobalt + DPS 10.4 44.2 60.5
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Influenţa componenţei acoperirilor asupra pierderilor de la uzură, mg (la o oră de încercări) (numărătorul - acoperirea, numitorul - contracorpul) Influence of coating composition on wear losses, mg (per hour of testing) (numerator - coating, denominator - counterbody)
Materialul Uzura, mg Oţel 45 6,5/2,3 Oţel 45 + cobalt fără DPS 4,2/2,2 Oţel 45 + BK8 fără DPS 0,75/15,0 Oţel 45 + cobalt + DPS 3,4/1,9 Oţel 45 + BK8 + DPS 0,75/11,2 Oţel 45 + 3 strat. de BK8 + 3 strat. de cobalt fără DPS 3,8/1,5 Oţel 45 + 3 strat. de BK8 + 3 strat. de cobalt + DPS 3,7/2,8Material Wear, mg Steel 45 6.5/2.3 Steel 45 + cobalt without DPS 4.2/2.2 Steel 45 + BK8 without DPS 0.75/15.0 Steel 45 + cobalt + DPS 3.4/1.9 Steel 45 + BK8 + DPS 0.75/11.2 Steel 45 + 3 layers of BK8 + 3 layers of cobalt without DPS 3.8/1.5 Steel 45 + 3 layers of BK8 + 3 layers of cobalt + DPS 3.7/2.8
Din tabele se vede că aplicarea acoperirilor numai din cobalt ori numai din BK8 duce la micşorarea pierderilor la coroziune (chiar fără DPS). Utilizând DPS la aşa acoperiri, se micşorează rugozitatea lor şi se măreşte densitatea, micşorând totodată numărul porilor prin care electrolitul pătrunde către suport, provocând corodarea acoperirii sau chiar distrugerea ei parţială. Când însă se aplică câte 3 straturi de BK8 şi de cobalt pe rând, efectuând DPS după fiecare din ele, aceasta duce la micşorarea bruscă a rugozităţii acoperirilor. De exemplu, fără DPS rugozitatea acoperirii din BK8 şi din cobalt era egală corespunzător cu 5,9 şi 4,7 µm, dar după DPS ea era egală cu 0,8...1,9 µm. Aceasta, pe de o parte, a micşorat suprafaţa acoperirii, care se atingea de electrolit, care în felul său a micşorat pierderile la coroziune. Totodată, datorită aplicării a trei straturi de acoperiri din BK8, apoi din cobalt şi efectuării DPS a fiecărui strat, continuitatea acoperirii a crescut, nu a avut loc corodarea bazei mai puţin rezistente la coroziune şi pierderile la coroziune s-au micşorat semnificativ (la toate timpurile de încercări). From the tables it is seen that the application of coatings only from cobalt or only from BK8 leads to a decrease in corrosion losses (even without DPS). Using DPS for such coatings, their roughness is reduced and their density is increased, at the same time reducing the number of pores through which the electrolyte penetrates to the support, causing the coating to corrode or even partially destroy it. However, when 3 layers of BK8 and cobalt are applied in turn, performing DPS after each of them, this leads to a sharp decrease in the roughness of the coatings. For example, without DPS the roughness of the BK8 and cobalt coating was equal to 5.9 and 4.7 µm, respectively, but after DPS it was equal to 0.8...1.9 µm. This, on the one hand, reduced the surface of the coating, which was in contact with the electrolyte, which in its own way reduced corrosion losses. At the same time, due to the application of three layers of BK8 coatings, then cobalt, and the DPS treatment of each layer, the continuity of the coating increased, no corrosion of the less corrosion-resistant base occurred, and corrosion losses decreased significantly (at all test times).
Totodată s-au îmbunătăţit semnificativ condiţiile de frecare, chiar fără folosirea lubrifiantului. Însuşi aliajul BK8 şi acoperirile pe baza lui sunt rezistente la uzură. În practică însă este foarte important să fie rezistentă întreaga cuplă de frecare - piesa şi contracorpul. Datorită DPS are loc micşorarea rugozităţii acoperirii, se netezesc marginile şi proeminenţele ascuţite de pe suprafaţa acoperirii din BK8 şi rezistenţa contracorpului creşte. Este foarte important ca de la început pe piesă să fie aplicat aliajul dur BK8, iar apoi cobaltul. Datorită acestui fapt se îmbunătăţeşte considerabil rodajul suprafeţelor conjugate, se micşorează sau chiar se lichidează griparea, se micşorează uzura contracorpului şi cupla în frecare are o perioadă de lucru cu mult mai mare. At the same time, the friction conditions have significantly improved, even without the use of lubricant. The BK8 alloy itself and the coatings based on it are wear-resistant. In practice, however, it is very important that the entire friction coupling - the part and the counterbody - is resistant. Thanks to DPS, the roughness of the coating decreases, the edges and sharp protrusions on the surface of the BK8 coating are smoothed out, and the resistance of the counterbody increases. It is very important that the hard alloy BK8 is applied to the part from the beginning, and then cobalt. Due to this, the running-in of the mating surfaces is significantly improved, seizing is reduced or even eliminated, the wear of the counterbody is reduced, and the friction coupling has a much longer service life.
Astfel, procedeul elaborat permite nu numai de a mări semnificativ rezistenţa la coroziune a acoperirilor (obţinute prin metoda alierii prin scântei electrice) datorită micşorării rugozităţii şi măririi continuităţii lor, dar şi de a mări perioada de lucru a conjugărilor în frecare. Thus, the developed process allows not only to significantly increase the corrosion resistance of coatings (obtained by the electric spark alloying method) due to the reduction of their roughness and increase of their continuity, but also to increase the working period of frictional conjugations.
1. Томашов Н., Чернова Г. Теория коррозии и коррозионностойкие конструкционные сплавы. Москва, Металлургия, 1986, с. 329-330 1. Томашов Н., Чернова Г. Corrosion theory and corrosion-resistant structural alloys. Moscow, Metallurgy, 1986, p. 329-330
2. MD 3708 F1 2008.09.30 2. MD 3708 F1 2008.09.30
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| Томашов Н., Чернова Г. Теория коррозии и коррозионностойкие конструкционные сплавы. Москва, Металлургия, 1986, с. 329-330 * |
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| MD685Y (en) | 2013-10-31 |
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